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. Injurious and useful insects; an introduction to the study of economic entomology. Insects; Beneficial insects; Insect pests. . Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Miall, Louis Compton, 1842-. London, G. Bell & sons

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RM2AN7RMP–A preliminary introduction to the study of entomologyTogether with a chapter on remedies, or methods that can be used in fighting injurious insects; insect enemies of the apple tree and its fruit, and the insect enemies of small grains . ns-planting, and are to be dipped in the hot water, the temperature shouldnot exceed 150° Fahr.; under these circumstances, from 120° to 150°would Liffice for the purpose. A mulch placed around the trees forsome time previous to treatment has been found useful in bringing thelice to the surface, where they can be more readily reached by the hotwater. Drenching

RMRDHJ1W–. Injurious and useful insects; an introduction to the study of economic entomology. Insects; Beneficial insects; Insect pests. . Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Miall, Louis Compton, 1842-. London, G. Bell & sons

RMPG4ACP–. Injurious and useful insects; an introduction to the study of economic entomology. Insects; Beneficial insects; Insect pests. wings are very similar in the first two, but the green-veined species has greenish veins on the under side of the hind wings. The larvae can be distinguished without much difficulty. That of the large species is yellow, spotted with black; that of the small cabbage white is green, spotted with black and yellow; while the larva of the green-veined species is green all over, except for the reddish spiracles, and a yellow border which surrounds each one. The eggs of the

RMRDHJ1A–. Injurious and useful insects; an introduction to the study of economic entomology. Insects; Beneficial insects; Insect pests. wings are very similar in the first two, but the green-veined species has greenish veins on the under side of the hind wings. The larvae can be distinguished without much difficulty. That of the large species is yellow, spotted with black; that of the small cabbage white is green, spotted with black and yellow; while the larva of the green-veined species is green all over, except for the reddish spiracles, and a yellow border which surrounds each one. The eggs of the

RMPG42E7–. Injurious and useful insects; an introduction to the study of economic entomology. Insects; Beneficial insects; Insect pests. THE STRUCTURE OF THE BLOW-FLY 141 the under side of the head, in which the proboscis can be folded up. Hold the fly between the finger and thumb, and while observing it with the lens, press gently on the sides of the head. The proboscis will then be protruded, owing to distension by air. Note the inflation of the basal parts, the movements of the maxillary palps, and the action of the joints. The proboscis consists of a basal part (rostrum), which represents the fore

RMRDHHN7–. Injurious and useful insects; an introduction to the study of economic entomology. Insects; Beneficial insects; Insect pests. THE STRUCTURE OF THE BLOW-FLY 141 the under side of the head, in which the proboscis can be folded up. Hold the fly between the finger and thumb, and while observing it with the lens, press gently on the sides of the head. The proboscis will then be protruded, owing to distension by air. Note the inflation of the basal parts, the movements of the maxillary palps, and the action of the joints. The proboscis consists of a basal part (rostrum), which represents the fore

RMPG4AGG–. Injurious and useful insects; an introduction to the study of economic entomology. Insects; Beneficial insects; Insect pests. i6 INJURIOUS AND USEFUL INSECTS muscles and heart will have been removed with it, unless special pains have been taken to leave them behind. Observe the segmentally arranged muscles and the heart, which looks like a transparent streak running along the middle line. To examine the de- tails of the heart, it is best to harden it with chromic acid or some other fixing agent, and alcohol. It must then be carefully separated from the cuticle, stained and mounted in balsam.

RMRDGWKR–. Injurious and useful insects; an introduction to the study of economic entomology. Insects; Beneficial insects; Insect pests. Fig. 30 Turnip-flea. been 40 INJURIOUS AND USEFUL INSECTS The four joints of the tarsus indicate a section of Coleoptera known as Tetramera, which are also called Phytophaga, from their taste for vegetable food. Close examina- - tion shows that there are really five joints in the tarsus, but that the fourth is reduced to a vestige of no practical use. The phytophagous beetles are divisible into three famihes :—(i) Seed-eaters (Bruchidse), often confused with weevils;

RMPG4AG7–. Injurious and useful insects; an introduction to the study of economic entomology. Insects; Beneficial insects; Insect pests. DISSECTION OF A COCKROACH 19 muscular wall of the gizzard can be contracted, so as to prevent the passage of the food to the stomach until it has become fluid or semi-fluid. Then the gizzard is relaxed, and the more or less fluid food passed into the stomach to be absorbed. The cockroach is particularly addicted to starchy food, but will devour bits of flesh, and almost everything which is eaten by man. The alimentary canal is partly embedded in a mass of white sub- s

RMRDHGX5–. Injurious and useful insects; an introduction to the study of economic entomology. Insects; Beneficial insects; Insect pests. ^. i88 INJURIOUS AND USEFUL INSECTS flies, gall-flies). Mouth-parts of adult adapted for biting, or for biting and sucking. There are usually two pairs of un- equal, membranous, rather few-veined wings, which are some- times wanting. The female is provided with saws, a u^^ sting, or an ovipositor. Mn OETHOPTERA Structural peculiarities. — Orthoptera are never very minute, and some Fig. 98.—Diagram of mouth-parts of bee. of them are among the largest of insects. The or

RMPG4AG2–. Injurious and useful insects; an introduction to the study of economic entomology. Insects; Beneficial insects; Insect pests. THE COCKCHAFER 27 of the abdomen can be examined; they are eight in number. The feelers are plainly visible upon the head; each is ten- jointed. The terminal joints are prolonged on one side so as to form leaflets, which are capable of being separated or closed. The "club " of the male cockchafer contains seven such leaf- lets, while that of the female has only six. Turn the cockchafer over, and examine the under-side. We now see the jaws, which will be more

RMRDHHYR–. Injurious and useful insects; an introduction to the study of economic entomology. Insects; Beneficial insects; Insect pests. 76 INJURIOUS AND USEFUL INSECTS begins, a process which we shall not describe here. The cocoons selected for breeding are divided into males and females. The male cocoons are lighter, less regularly rounded at the ends, and narrowed in the middle. The sexes are kept apart, so that the males may not be excited by the odour of the female, which sets up violent struggles for liberty. A yellow fluid is discharged from the intestine before the moths are considered ripe. Th

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