. Smell, taste, and allied senses in the vertebrates . Senses and sensation; Vertebrates. ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY New York State Colleges OF Agriculture and Home Economics. Cornell University. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Parker, George Howard, 1864-1955. Philadelphia ; London : J. B. Lippincott Company

. Smell, taste, and allied senses in the vertebrates . Senses and sensation; Vertebrates. ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY New York State Colleges OF Agriculture and Home Economics. Cornell University. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Parker, George Howard, 1864-1955. Philadelphia ; London : J. B. Lippincott Company Stock Photo

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RMPG4C9D–. Smell, taste, and allied senses in the vertebrates . Senses and sensation; Vertebrates. 124 SMELL, TASTE, ALLIED SENSES. In the fishes the nerves chiefly concerned are the vagus, the glossopharyngeal and the facial. The taste-buds of the gill region are supplied by the vagus and the glosso- pharyngeal. Those that are in the mouth proper or are on the exterior of the body are innervated by the facial nerve. Consequently in the catfish (See Fig. 28), in which the whole outer skin is provided with taste-buds, this nerve is enormously developed and sends large branches to the barbels and an exte

RMRDE038–. Smell, taste, and allied senses in the vertebrates . Senses and sensation; Vertebrates. 124 SMELL, TASTE, ALLIED SENSES. In the fishes the nerves chiefly concerned are the vagus, the glossopharyngeal and the facial. The taste-buds of the gill region are supplied by the vagus and the glosso- pharyngeal. Those that are in the mouth proper or are on the exterior of the body are innervated by the facial nerve. Consequently in the catfish (See Fig. 28), in which the whole outer skin is provided with taste-buds, this nerve is enormously developed and sends large branches to the barbels and an exte

RMPG4CG9–. Smell, taste, and allied senses in the vertebrates . Senses and sensation; Vertebrates. ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY New York State Colleges OF Agriculture and Home Economics. Cornell University. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Parker, George Howard, 1864-1955. Philadelphia ; London : J. B. Lippincott Company

RM2AJHK0R–Injury, recovery, and death, in relation to conductivity and permeability . nd D. F. JONES, Bussey Institution, Harvard University THE NATURE OF ANIMAL LIGHT By E. N. HARVEY, Princeton University SMELL, TASTE AND ALLIED SENSES IN THE VERTEBRATES By G. H. PARKER, Harvard University BIOLOGY OF DEATH By R. PEARL, Johns Hopkins University INJURY, RECOVERY, AND DEATH IN RELATION TO CONDUCTIVITY AND PERMEABILITY By W. J. V. OSTERHOUT, Harvard University IN PREPARATION PURE LINE INHERITANCE By H. S. JENNINGS, Johns Hopkins University LOCALIZATION OF MORPHOGENETIC SUBSTANCES IN THE EGG By E. G. CONKLI

RMPG4CFC–. Smell, taste, and allied senses in the vertebrates . Senses and sensation; Vertebrates. ANATOMY OF THE OLFACTORY ORGAN 27. ous branched alveolo-tubular glands which, contain both mucous and serous cells. The conchsB of the respiratory region have long been known to be extremely vascular and to be possessed of a structure like that of erectile tissue. This is especially true of their edges. They can be excited through reflex channels to considerable enlargement and the swelling thus produced may be suffi- cient to close completely the respir- atory passages. It is believed that this high vasc

RMPG4C9X–. Smell, taste, and allied senses in the vertebrates . Senses and sensation; Vertebrates. ANATOMY OF THE GUSTATORY ORGAN 121 tion of much, uncertainty. Some claimed that the gustatory nerve-fibers connected directly with the cells of the taste-buds; others that they did not so connect. The first to employ special neurological methods for the solution of this question were Fusari and Panasci (1890). These workers claimed that by means of Golgi prep-. FiQ. 31.—Golgi preparations of the taste-buds of the rabbit, a showing cells (after von Lenhoss^k, 1893a, Fig. la) and 6 showing nerve-termination

RMRDE0BH–. Smell, taste, and allied senses in the vertebrates . Senses and sensation; Vertebrates. ANATOMY OF THE OLFACTORY ORGAN 27. ous branched alveolo-tubular glands which, contain both mucous and serous cells. The conchsB of the respiratory region have long been known to be extremely vascular and to be possessed of a structure like that of erectile tissue. This is especially true of their edges. They can be excited through reflex channels to considerable enlargement and the swelling thus produced may be suffi- cient to close completely the respir- atory passages. It is believed that this high vasc

RMPG4CAC–. Smell, taste, and allied senses in the vertebrates . Senses and sensation; Vertebrates. ANATOMY OF THE GUSTATORY ORGAN 117. human material and by Heidenhain (1914) in the rabbit. 5. Cellular Composition of Taste-buds. The cells composing the taste-buds are so arranged as to give each bud somewhat the appearance of a flower bud or of a leaf bud not yet unfolded. As has been stated already, these end-organs were described in the skin of fishes as early as 1851 by Leydig and were subsequently simultaneously and independently discovered in the mouths of the higher vertebrates *by Loven (1867) an

RMRDE083–. Smell, taste, and allied senses in the vertebrates . Senses and sensation; Vertebrates. VOMERONASAL ORGAN 93 IS ered with an epithelium that resembles histologically the respiratory epithehum of the nasal cavity. This lateral epithelium may even be ciliated. The median wall is cov- ered with an epithelium much Uke the olfactory epithelium of the nose except that differentiated olfactory cells are apparently not present. The cavity of the organ ' sometimes obliterated by excessive epithelial growth and calcareous con- cretions may occur in its walls. As it appears to be without nervous con- n

RMPG4CCP–. Smell, taste, and allied senses in the vertebrates . Senses and sensation; Vertebrates. VOMERONASAL ORGAN 93 IS ered with an epithelium that resembles histologically the respiratory epithehum of the nasal cavity. This lateral epithelium may even be ciliated. The median wall is cov- ered with an epithelium much Uke the olfactory epithelium of the nose except that differentiated olfactory cells are apparently not present. The cavity of the organ ' sometimes obliterated by excessive epithelial growth and calcareous con- cretions may occur in its walls. As it appears to be without nervous con- n

RMRDE043–. Smell, taste, and allied senses in the vertebrates . Senses and sensation; Vertebrates. ANATOMY OF THE GUSTATORY ORGAN 121 tion of much, uncertainty. Some claimed that the gustatory nerve-fibers connected directly with the cells of the taste-buds; others that they did not so connect. The first to employ special neurological methods for the solution of this question were Fusari and Panasci (1890). These workers claimed that by means of Golgi prep-. FiQ. 31.—Golgi preparations of the taste-buds of the rabbit, a showing cells (after von Lenhoss^k, 1893a, Fig. la) and 6 showing nerve-termination

RMPG4CER–. Smell, taste, and allied senses in the vertebrates . Senses and sensation; Vertebrates. 30 SMELL, TASTE, ALLIED SENSES Sehultze on this subject has been unquestionably and abundantly confirmed. The sustentacular cells are the chief supporting ele- ments of the olfactory epithelium. Each of these cells has a distal cylindrical portion that contains the yellowish or light brownish pigment so characteristic of the olfac-. Fia. 6.—Olfactory epithelium of a young mouse showing the olfactory cells and, to the right, two suatentacular cells. Golgi preparation. After Retzius, lS92a, Plate 10, Fig. 2