. The depths of the ocean; a general account of the modern science of oceanography based largely on the scientific researches of the Norwegian steamer Michael Sars in the North Atlantic. Oceanography. Fig. 368. occur occasionally in immense quantities. Crustaceans are represented by a characteristic deep-sea form, namely the isopod Glyptonotus megalurus, nearly related to a form that occurs in the arctic region in shallower waters; pycnogonids by Ascorhynchus abyssi; and molluscs by Pec ten frigidus (see Fig. 369), Neptune a mokni, Natica bathybi, etc. There are also some deep-sea sponges, pro
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. The depths of the ocean; a general account of the modern science of oceanography based largely on the scientific researches of the Norwegian steamer Michael Sars in the North Atlantic. Oceanography. Fig. 368. occur occasionally in immense quantities. Crustaceans are represented by a characteristic deep-sea form, namely the isopod Glyptonotus megalurus, nearly related to a form that occurs in the arctic region in shallower waters; pycnogonids by Ascorhynchus abyssi; and molluscs by Pec ten frigidus (see Fig. 369), Neptune a mokni, Natica bathybi, etc. There are also some deep-sea sponges, prominent amongst which are the Hexactinellids; although not regularly distributed over the Norwegian Sea, they are found in great quantities to the north of Spits- bergen at a depth of 1000 metres, where they and another group (Tetrax- onia) constitute the most characteristic portion of the fauna. Outgrowths on their under sides enable them to hold fast to the soft bottom, which is littered with silicious spicules from dead sponges.1 Romer and Schaudinn have doubted whether the deep-sea fauna Eipidiagiaciaiis, Thte. Magnified. 0f those northern latitudes is to be (After Stuxberg.) . . i • 11 considered zoo-geographically as a part of the fauna of the Norwegian Sea deep basin, or whether it belongs to a separate faunal area, the deep polar basin ; deep- sea sponges have, however, been subsequently found in quantities farther south (lat. 72° 23' N., long. 130 5c/ W.) at a depth of 2000 metres.2 The forms limited exclusively to the abyssal region, or at any rate only very exceptionally occurring in shallower waters, are not the only ones which characterise the Norwegian Sea deep basin, for we find regularly also a number of other forms met with on the slopes in the cold area.3 Just as the Norwegian Sea deep basin has its own (even though rather few) character- istic forms, which do not ascend to the arctic plateaus but con- stitute a typical deep-sea fauna, so, too, the plateaus