. Standardization of mining methods; a series of important articles reprinted from Engineering and mining journal. Fig. 4. Fuse Cans operators in the West; and the miner has come toknow that by filling the hole with powder and usingthe explosive instead of stemming he can satisfactorilypull the ground, and, inasmuch as the company fur- EXPLOSIVES 55 nished the powder, there is no need for him to beeconomical. It naturally became the practice for miners in thiscountry to load a hole with powder and then use anextra amount for stemming, thus establishing a customfor the use of an excessive amoun
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. Standardization of mining methods; a series of important articles reprinted from Engineering and mining journal. Fig. 4. Fuse Cans operators in the West; and the miner has come toknow that by filling the hole with powder and usingthe explosive instead of stemming he can satisfactorilypull the ground, and, inasmuch as the company fur- EXPLOSIVES 55 nished the powder, there is no need for him to beeconomical. It naturally became the practice for miners in thiscountry to load a hole with powder and then use anextra amount for stemming, thus establishing a customfor the use of an excessive amount. In this connection. Fig. 5. Making Stemming at a Mexican Mine it may be noted that contractors in the Southwest whofurnish their own powder generally use stemming. Theminers working on days pay, on the other hand, neverdo so, as they weli know that holes loaded with anexcessive amount of powder without stemming willsatisfactorily break the ground, and that the use ofstemming entails extra work and is contrary to custom.In justification of the miners attitude it should be takeninto account that not enough has been done in eliminat-ing missed holes, as it is dangerous to clear out thestemming in a missed hole -in order to blast it overagain. It is therefore absolutely essential that thenumber of missed holes be reduced to a minimum beforemaking the use of stemming compulsory. Stemming Increases EfficiencyIt is an established fact that stemming increases 56 STANDARDIZATION OF MINING METHODS the efficiency of the charge, and Technical Paper No.17 (The Effect of Stemming on the Efficiency ofExplosives) of the