. North American trees : being descriptions and illustrations of the trees growing independently of cultivation in North America, north of Mexico and the West Indies . Trees. River Birch 255 brown. The leaves are ovate, thin, sharply ir- regularly toothed, pointed, 5 cm. long or less, bluntly to narrowly wedge-shaped at the base, long-hairy when young, when mature rather dark green, smooth and somewhat shining on the upper surface, pale green and sparingly hairy on the under side; the very slender leaf-stalks are smooth or nearly so, i to 2 cm. long, the thin ovate stipules about 5 mm. long. T
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. North American trees : being descriptions and illustrations of the trees growing independently of cultivation in North America, north of Mexico and the West Indies . Trees. River Birch 255 brown. The leaves are ovate, thin, sharply ir- regularly toothed, pointed, 5 cm. long or less, bluntly to narrowly wedge-shaped at the base, long-hairy when young, when mature rather dark green, smooth and somewhat shining on the upper surface, pale green and sparingly hairy on the under side; the very slender leaf-stalks are smooth or nearly so, i to 2 cm. long, the thin ovate stipules about 5 mm. long. The flowers open in May. The staminate catkins are 6 to 8 cm. long, the ripe pistillate catkins are narrowly cylindric, 3 to 5 cm. long, about 8 mm. thick, bome on stalks about 7 nun. long; their scales are about 6 mm. long, longer than wide, 3-lobed at the top, finely hairy and hairy-fringed, the lateral lobes spread- ing, roimded, a Uttle shorter than the narrower middle one, the stalk-like part below the lobes wedge-shaped; the nut is 1.5 to 2 mm. long, obo- vate to oblong and wider than its wings.. Fig. 212. — Piper's Birch. II. RIVER BIRCH —Betula nigra Linnaeus The River birch, or Red birch, grows naturally in moist soil in river valleys and along the borders of ponds and swamps, from southern New Hampshire and Massachusetts to Florida, extending westward to Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas, and Texas, thus having a more southern range than any other American species. It reaches a maximum height of about 30 meters and a trunk diameter of 1.5 to 2 meters. The bark is reddish brown and thick; near the bases of old trees it is ridged and scaly, but higher up, and on young trees, it is red- brown to green-brown or gray, and peels off freely in thin layers. The young twigs are greenish and densely velvety, becoming smooth and red-brown. The buds are pointed, hairy, and about 6 mm. long. The leaves are rhom- bic-ovate, irregularly and often doubly toothed or somew