Manual of agriculture, for the school, the farm, and the fireside . 142 PREPARATION OP LANDS. are the implements most often used in effecting thisobject. 445. The spade or spading fork is the simplest form ofthese implements, and consists of a blade or tines of ironor steel fixed into a straight handle. It is worked byhand. Cultivation bj its use is the slowest and mostexpensive mode of tillage, and is adapted chiefly to thenice operations of the garden. 446. The com-mon plough,(Fig. 16,) is theimplement mostcommonly usedin breaking up^g-1«- the land, and is the most economical instrument that

Manual of agriculture, for the school, the farm, and the fireside . 142 PREPARATION OP LANDS. are the implements most often used in effecting thisobject. 445. The spade or spading fork is the simplest form ofthese implements, and consists of a blade or tines of ironor steel fixed into a straight handle. It is worked byhand. Cultivation bj its use is the slowest and mostexpensive mode of tillage, and is adapted chiefly to thenice operations of the garden. 446. The com-mon plough,(Fig. 16,) is theimplement mostcommonly usedin breaking up^g-1«- the land, and is the most economical instrument that Stock Photo

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Manual of agriculture, for the school, the farm, and the fireside . 142 PREPARATION OP LANDS. are the implements most often used in effecting thisobject. 445. The spade or spading fork is the simplest form ofthese implements, and consists of a blade or tines of ironor steel fixed into a straight handle. It is worked byhand. Cultivation bj its use is the slowest and mostexpensive mode of tillage, and is adapted chiefly to thenice operations of the garden. 446. The com-mon plough, (Fig. 16, ) is theimplement mostcommonly usedin breaking up^g-1«- the land, and is the most economical instrument that can be used for thepurpose. Without the plough successful farming wouldbe impossible in a country where labor is very high anddifficult to obtain. 447. In passing through the soil the plough separatesand cuts off a slice of its surface, cutting it both verticallyand horizontally, and turning it over in such a way as toleave it exposed to the action of the harrow, which usuallyfollows the plough to break down and pulverize the soilcompletely. 448. The furrow mad

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RM2AN719W–Manual of agriculture, for the school, the farm, and the fireside . ugar; these,with the nitrogenous compounds which are also mostabundant at this time, are of the highest value forsupplying nutriment to animals. 729. After flowering, and as the seed forms andripens, the starch, sugar, &c., are gradually changedinto woody fibre, which is nearly insoluble and innutri-tions. 730. This fact is well established, and shows thatgrasses in general should not be allowed to stand afterthe time of flowering. There is, indeed, a great dealof nourishment in the ripe seed; but not enough tomake up for the

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