. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. STRUCTURE OF WOODY STEMS 197 of cambium. The stems of Dicotyledons and Gymnosperms, since they increase in diameter by the addition of new layers of xylem or wood on the outside of that previously formed, are called exogenous stems. The stems of Monocotyledons are called endogenous — a term adopted when botanists had the erro- neous notion that monocotyledonous stems grow by the addition of new tissues on the inside of the older ones. Structure of Woody Stems Woody stems, characteristic of the shrubs and trees of Dicotyledons and Gymnosperms, are fu
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. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. STRUCTURE OF WOODY STEMS 197 of cambium. The stems of Dicotyledons and Gymnosperms, since they increase in diameter by the addition of new layers of xylem or wood on the outside of that previously formed, are called exogenous stems. The stems of Monocotyledons are called endogenous — a term adopted when botanists had the erro- neous notion that monocotyledonous stems grow by the addition of new tissues on the inside of the older ones. Structure of Woody Stems Woody stems, characteristic of the shrubs and trees of Dicotyledons and Gymnosperms, are fundamentally the same in structure as herbaceous dicotyledonous stems, for the. Fig. 176. — Diagrammatic drawing of a cross section of a young Apple twig, e, epidermis; d, cortex; b, bast fibers; p, phloem; c, cambium; x, xylem; a, pith. circular arrangement of vascular bundles and presence of cambium are likewise their distinctive structural features. They, too, are exogenous. Their herbaceous tips, being similar in structure to the herbaceous dicotyledonous stems just described, need no special attention. {Fig. 176.) Aside from. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Martin, John N. (John Nathan), b. 1875. New York : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.