An essay on the history of electrotherapy and diagnosis; . Althaus portable battery. manganese dioxide, two-thirds of the tube are filled with asaturated solution of ammonium chloride, and the upper partof the inside of the tube is coated with tallow to prevent the 72 AN ESSAY ON THE Contained liquid creeping up and crystallising. The upperpart is closed with a vulcanite cover, through which passes azinc rod, while a platinum wire passing to the bottom of thetube forms the carbon pole. It was early noticed that plates of ordinary zinc whenimmersed in battery liquids became corroded, even thoug
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An essay on the history of electrotherapy and diagnosis; . Althaus portable battery. manganese dioxide, two-thirds of the tube are filled with asaturated solution of ammonium chloride, and the upper partof the inside of the tube is coated with tallow to prevent the 72 AN ESSAY ON THE Contained liquid creeping up and crystallising. The upperpart is closed with a vulcanite cover, through which passes azinc rod, while a platinum wire passing to the bottom of thetube forms the carbon pole. It was early noticed that plates of ordinary zinc whenimmersed in battery liquids became corroded, even thoughthe circuit was not closed. That this waste of material couldbe avoided by amalgamating the surface of the zinc plates orrods with mercury, was discovered by Matteucci in 1856.. Carlo Matteucci. In recent years various forms of dry cell have been placedupon the market. A usual form consists of a cardboardcylinder containing a zinc cylinder, fitted with a projectingwire. This cylinder is lined with a paste made of plaster ofParis 21 parts, water 51 parts, and ammonium chloride 12parts. A carbon rod occupies the centre, the intervening spacebeing filled with a mixture of ammonium chloride, powderedCarbon, manganese dioxide, zinc sulphate, glycerine, andwater. This mixture, on standing, sets to a firm mass, so that HISTORY OF ELECTROTHERAPY 73 there is no liquid to he spilt and the cell can be used in anyposition. Secondary Batteries.—Now that a public electrical supplyis rather the rule than the exception, secondary or storagebatteries are employed for many purposes in connection withelectrotherapy. The modern forms of such a piece of apparatusare very numerous, but we may be permitted to refer to oneor two historical facts in their development. The first obs