. The Cost of Policy Inaction: The case of not meeting the 2010 biodiversity target. The scenarios analysed indicate that with current trends or increased effort whether for commercial or recreational fisheries all lead to collapses in stocks and ecosystems; they differed only in their rates of decline. Other related trends include: - Coastal ecosystems - There has been a substantial loss of estuaries and associated wetlands. In the United States, for example, over 50% of original estuarine and wetland areas have been substantially altered. - Mangroves - over the last 25 years, 3.6 million hec
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. The Cost of Policy Inaction: The case of not meeting the 2010 biodiversity target. The scenarios analysed indicate that with current trends or increased effort whether for commercial or recreational fisheries all lead to collapses in stocks and ecosystems; they differed only in their rates of decline. Other related trends include: - Coastal ecosystems - There has been a substantial loss of estuaries and associated wetlands. In the United States, for example, over 50% of original estuarine and wetland areas have been substantially altered. - Mangroves - over the last 25 years, 3.6 million hectares of mangroves, about 20 percent of the total extent found in 1980, have disappeared worldwide. - Coral reefs - it is estimated that around 20% of reefs have been destroyed and at least another 20% badly degraded or under imminent risk of collapse. 5. Changes in ecosystem services ECOSYSTEM SERVICES Provisioning FOOD 1 WATER WOOD AND FIBFR FIIFI Supporting Regulating N'JHILNI CYCLING - SOIL FORMATION . PRIMARY PRODUCTION is r J_MION FLOOD RFOUl ATION DISEASE -LGLLAIION V.ATFR PURIFICATION Culture! AFSTUFT '; SPIRITUAL FDUCATONAL RFCRFATIONAl. COLOR Potential for mediation by socio-economic factors Low HR Medium WIDTH Intensity of linkages between ecosystem services and human well-being t. -i Medium l l Strong CONSTITUENTS OF WELL-BEING Security PERSONAL SAFETY SECURE RESOURCE ACCESS SECURrTY FROM DISASTERS Basic material for good life ADEQUATE LIVELIHOODS SUFFICIENT FOOO SHELTER ACCESS TO GOODS Health STRENGTH FEELING WELL ACCESS TO CLEAN AIR AND WATER Social relations SOCIAL COHESION MUTUAL RESPECT ABILITY TO HELP OTHERS Freedoms of choices and action OPPORTUNITY TO BE ABLE TO ACHIEVE WHAT AN INDIVIDUAL VALUES DOING AND BEING" Source Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Figure 7 Ecosystem services - Well being relationships (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment) Conversions of natural ecosystems to other forms of land use, such as cropland, pasture land or urban land alter the