. Text-book of zoology for schools and colleges. Zoology. ORDERS OF INSECTS. 155 tained the brilliant pigment carmine. The male insect is winged, and is smaller than the female, which is wingless. They live upon different species of Cactus ( Opuntia,) and are mainly imported from Mexico, Algeria, and the Canary Islands. Numerous species of Aphides or Plant-lice (Fig. 65) are known, and they are among the greatest pests of the gar- dener and farmer, as they are extraordinarily prolific, and live upon the juices of plants. One of the most curious points about the Plant-lice is that they secrete
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. Text-book of zoology for schools and colleges. Zoology. ORDERS OF INSECTS. 155 tained the brilliant pigment carmine. The male insect is winged, and is smaller than the female, which is wingless. They live upon different species of Cactus ( Opuntia, ) and are mainly imported from Mexico, Algeria, and the Canary Islands. Numerous species of Aphides or Plant-lice (Fig. 65) are known, and they are among the greatest pests of the gar- dener and farmer, as they are extraordinarily prolific, and live upon the juices of plants. One of the most curious points about the Plant-lice is that they secrete a sweet and sticky fluid, which is expelled from the body by two little tubular filaments placed near the end of the abdomen. Ants are excessively fond of this fluid, and hunt after Aphides in all directions in order to ob- tain it; and it is a well-established fact that the Plant-lice are actually r'^^^^TwJfe——~"^i pleased with this, and voluntarily ^ -^—^ v-^-ftX — yield up the coveted fluid to the importunity of the ants. Oedee v. Oethopteea (Gr. or- thos, straight; pteron, wing).—The mouth in this order is strictly masti- catory ; there are four wings present in most, but the anterior pair is smaller than the posterior, and of a different texture. The posterior wings are membranous, and are fold- ed lengthwise, like a fan ; the ante- rior wings are leathery, and consti- tute cases for the posterior wings (elytra). This order includes the Crickets (Achetind), Grasshoppers {Gryllina), Locusts (Ziocustina), Cockroaches [JSlattina, Fig. 66), and others. Some of them are formed for running, all the legs being nearly equal in size; others have the first pair of legs greatly developed, and constituting powerful organs of prehension; while others, such as the Lo- custs and Grasshoppers, have the hindmost pair of legs much longer than the others, giving them a considerable power of leaping. All the Orthoptera are extremely voracious, and every one is acquainted with