Tambor de Mina Afro-Brazilian spirit possession religion. Mãe de santo (cult leader) in trance, possessed by Santa Barbara (African orishá Iansã).
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Tambor de Mina (popularly batuque) is a syncretic Afro-Brazilian spirit possession religion that developed among African slaves (with roots mostly in Benin and Nigeria) and their descendants in the State of Maranhão, incorporating elements from catholicism, from indigenous pagelância (shamanism), and from spiritism. Entities worshipped include Voduns and Orishás, Gentils and Caboclos. The Orishá Exú (Yoruba) or Legba (Fon) has a distinct, however indispensable, cult. Tambor de Mina arrived in Belém (State of Pará) around 1890, brought by the "Mãe de Santo" (cult leader) Mãe Josinha who founded the terreiro "Dois Irmãos" in the Guamá neighborhood of Belém in 1890 (Mãe Doca, also from Maranhão, may have preceded her). Mãe Josinha was succeeded by Mãe Amelinha, who became a leading personality in Afro-Brasilian religions in Belém in the 20th century. Mãe Amelinha, in turn, was succeeded by her daughter Mãe Lulu and, in 2019, by her granddaughter Mãe Heloisa, the current cult leader (as of 2023). This picture: The Mãe de santo (cult leader), Mãe Amelinha, is in transe, possessed by Santa Barbara (syncretized with the African deity Iansã), holding a sword, one of her attributes. Terreiro Dois Irmãos, c.1977, in Belém.