Several polyps hi-res stock photography and images

Button polyps (Protopalythoa sp.), detailed view, Great Barrier Reef, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Queensland, Cairns Stock Photo

RMCXRK20–Button polyps (Protopalythoa sp.), detailed view, Great Barrier Reef, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Queensland, Cairns

A diver of Burgers' Zoo in Arnhem, Netherlands with the second-largest living coral reef in the world, is 'harvesting' corals from its own huge aquarium for the first time, Wednesday 20 November 2013. Till now, only the little breeding tanks of Burgers' Zoo donated living corals to European zoos. The corals in Burgers' Ocean are doing so well, that the polyps now 'fighting' together, so they have to move to other aquariums. While several coral reefs around the world were threatened, the coral in the Ocean of Burgers' Zoo in the Dutch city Arnhem grows as cabbage. The zoo in Wuppertal, Germany, Stock Photo

RMDJ38C5–A diver of Burgers' Zoo in Arnhem, Netherlands with the second-largest living coral reef in the world, is 'harvesting' corals from its own huge aquarium for the first time, Wednesday 20 November 2013. Till now, only the little breeding tanks of Burgers' Zoo donated living corals to European zoos. The corals in Burgers' Ocean are doing so well, that the polyps now 'fighting' together, so they have to move to other aquariums. While several coral reefs around the world were threatened, the coral in the Ocean of Burgers' Zoo in the Dutch city Arnhem grows as cabbage. The zoo in Wuppertal, Germany,

Coral polyps, Bali, Indian Ocean, Indonesia Stock Photo

RFH4YFKP–Coral polyps, Bali, Indian Ocean, Indonesia

Anthozoans Jewel anemones, Corynactis viridis, Poor Knights Islands Nature Reserve, Bay of Islands, New Zealand Stock Photo

RMF5FJGD–Anthozoans Jewel anemones, Corynactis viridis, Poor Knights Islands Nature Reserve, Bay of Islands, New Zealand

Polyps of yellow crustose anemones (Parazoanthus axinellae), Mediterranean Sea Stock Photo

RF2E8HTD2–Polyps of yellow crustose anemones (Parazoanthus axinellae), Mediterranean Sea

Close-up shot of a tree coral, Dendronephthya sp, showing several branches and neighboring polyps. Stock Photo

RMCNKTBD–Close-up shot of a tree coral, Dendronephthya sp, showing several branches and neighboring polyps.

Reddish yellow gorgonian, sea fan (Euplexaura), with active polyps, red, yellow, school of damselfish behind, Pacific Ocean, Great Barrier Reef Stock Photo

RM2MK7MDM–Reddish yellow gorgonian, sea fan (Euplexaura), with active polyps, red, yellow, school of damselfish behind, Pacific Ocean, Great Barrier Reef

A macro image of a coral reef in the red sea showing several different species of corals. Stock Photo

RM2HE1A8A–A macro image of a coral reef in the red sea showing several different species of corals.

Philippine butterflyfish (Chaetodon adiergastos) in front of red yellow gorgonian, sea fan (Euplexaura), polyps retracted, red, yellow, bottom left Stock Photo

RM2MK7MF3–Philippine butterflyfish (Chaetodon adiergastos) in front of red yellow gorgonian, sea fan (Euplexaura), polyps retracted, red, yellow, bottom left

Polyp of a Tubastrea micanthra, Indonesia Stock Photo

RFBR34WF–Polyp of a Tubastrea micanthra, Indonesia

Close-up, Colonies of Flowerpot coral or Anemone coral (Goniopora columna) . Coral polyps feed by filtering on plankton. Natural background of coral Stock Photo

RF2REEDXN–Close-up, Colonies of Flowerpot coral or Anemone coral (Goniopora columna) . Coral polyps feed by filtering on plankton. Natural background of coral

moon jelly, common jellyfish (Aurelia aurita), polyp stadium; Scyphistoma Stock Photo

RMEBNMHH–moon jelly, common jellyfish (Aurelia aurita), polyp stadium; Scyphistoma

Grape bubble coral, Plerogyra sinuosa, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia Stock Photo

RMPR6DJ6–Grape bubble coral, Plerogyra sinuosa, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia

Twenty-four-tentacled daisy coral Stock Photo

RM2X21687–Twenty-four-tentacled daisy coral

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 98 RICHARD D. CAMPBELL. Gastrozooid Gonozooid Stolon branch FIGURE 2. Gastrozooids, with gonozooids, migrating along glass tube, 24 hours after colony was streched over the glass. Tracings from photographs. 2a: Three polyps which have stopped migrating, with stolon branches developing behind. These branches resemble those giving rise to new gastrozooids and to stolon anastomosis. 2b: Several polyps showing tendency to follow stolons. Shaded portion represents the edge of the worm tube. large gastrozooids have such an associa Stock Photo

RMRHNT6A–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 98 RICHARD D. CAMPBELL. Gastrozooid Gonozooid Stolon branch FIGURE 2. Gastrozooids, with gonozooids, migrating along glass tube, 24 hours after colony was streched over the glass. Tracings from photographs. 2a: Three polyps which have stopped migrating, with stolon branches developing behind. These branches resemble those giving rise to new gastrozooids and to stolon anastomosis. 2b: Several polyps showing tendency to follow stolons. Shaded portion represents the edge of the worm tube. large gastrozooids have such an associa

A late 19th Century chart illustrating species of Corals, marine invertebrates within the class Anthozoa of the phylum Cnidaria. They typically live in compact colonies of many identical individual polyps. Coral species include the important reef builders that inhabit tropical oceans and secrete calcium carbonate to form a hard skeleton. Each polyp is only a few millimeters in diameter and a few centimeters in height that excretes an exoskeleton near the base. Over many generations, the colony thus creates a skeleton characteristic of the species which can measure up to several meters in size. Stock Photo

RM2D15DGR–A late 19th Century chart illustrating species of Corals, marine invertebrates within the class Anthozoa of the phylum Cnidaria. They typically live in compact colonies of many identical individual polyps. Coral species include the important reef builders that inhabit tropical oceans and secrete calcium carbonate to form a hard skeleton. Each polyp is only a few millimeters in diameter and a few centimeters in height that excretes an exoskeleton near the base. Over many generations, the colony thus creates a skeleton characteristic of the species which can measure up to several meters in size.

. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition. Scientific expeditions; Arctic Ocean. 84 PENNATULIDA. broader; it is the dorsal belt of zooids, or, more correctly, the lower part of this belt; in several large specimens it may easily and unmistakably, though as a narrow stripe, be traced between the npper polyps to the base of a certain one, the original terminal polyp; in other specimens this tongue may be traced to the end of the rhachis among the polyps, but which of these is the terminal polyp can- not be determined with absolute certainty; not so much because this polyp has been atrophied, but that it si Stock Photo

RMPFHXGJ–. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition. Scientific expeditions; Arctic Ocean. 84 PENNATULIDA. broader; it is the dorsal belt of zooids, or, more correctly, the lower part of this belt; in several large specimens it may easily and unmistakably, though as a narrow stripe, be traced between the npper polyps to the base of a certain one, the original terminal polyp; in other specimens this tongue may be traced to the end of the rhachis among the polyps, but which of these is the terminal polyp can- not be determined with absolute certainty; not so much because this polyp has been atrophied, but that it si

RMDJ38C3–A diver of Burgers' Zoo in Arnhem, Netherlands with the second-largest living coral reef in the world, is 'harvesting' corals from its own huge aquarium for the first time, Wednesday 20 November 2013. Till now, only the little breeding tanks of Burgers' Zoo donated living corals to European zoos. The corals in Burgers' Ocean are doing so well, that the polyps now 'fighting' together, so they have to move to other aquariums. While several coral reefs around the world were threatened, the coral in the Ocean of Burgers' Zoo in the Dutch city Arnhem grows as cabbage. The zoo in Wuppertal, Germany,

RF2RP798A–Close-up, Colonies of Flowerpot coral or Anemone coral (Goniopora columna) . Coral polyps feed by filtering on plankton. Natural background of coral

moon jelly, common jellyfish (Aurelia aurita), polyp stadium Stock Photo

RMEBNMHR–moon jelly, common jellyfish (Aurelia aurita), polyp stadium

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Marine biology. 98 RICHARD D. CAMPBELL. Gastrozooid Gonozooid Stolon branch Figure 2. Gastrozooids, with gonozooids, migi-ating along glass tube, 24 hours after colony- was streched over the glass. Tracings from photographs. 2a: Three polyps which have stopped migrating, with stolon branches developing behind. These branches resemble those giving rise to new gastrozooids and to stolon anastomosis. 2b: Several polyps showing tendency to follow stolons. Shaded portion represents the edge of the worm tube. large gastrozooids have such an associated gon Stock Photo

RMRHM16T–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Marine biology. 98 RICHARD D. CAMPBELL. Gastrozooid Gonozooid Stolon branch Figure 2. Gastrozooids, with gonozooids, migi-ating along glass tube, 24 hours after colony- was streched over the glass. Tracings from photographs. 2a: Three polyps which have stopped migrating, with stolon branches developing behind. These branches resemble those giving rise to new gastrozooids and to stolon anastomosis. 2b: Several polyps showing tendency to follow stolons. Shaded portion represents the edge of the worm tube. large gastrozooids have such an associated gon

. A manual of zoology. Zoology. III. ANTHOZOA 229 The theca arises by a fusion of sclerosepta. If this fusion takes place some distance inside the peripheral ends of the sclerosepta, the distal ends of these project on the outer surface as costx. Still outside these may be a second cup, the epillieca. In the centre may occur a large calcareous column or several smaller ones, the columella. As the polyps grow they build the thecK higher and higher and consequently draw out from the deeper portions, which may become cut off by horizontal partitions, the tabula. Such tabute occur in some Madrepor Stock Photo

RMPG40DP–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. III. ANTHOZOA 229 The theca arises by a fusion of sclerosepta. If this fusion takes place some distance inside the peripheral ends of the sclerosepta, the distal ends of these project on the outer surface as costx. Still outside these may be a second cup, the epillieca. In the centre may occur a large calcareous column or several smaller ones, the columella. As the polyps grow they build the thecK higher and higher and consequently draw out from the deeper portions, which may become cut off by horizontal partitions, the tabula. Such tabute occur in some Madrepor

RMDJ38C6–A diver of Burgers' Zoo in Arnhem, Netherlands with the second-largest living coral reef in the world, is 'harvesting' corals from its own huge aquarium for the first time, Wednesday 20 November 2013. Till now, only the little breeding tanks of Burgers' Zoo donated living corals to European zoos. The corals in Burgers' Ocean are doing so well, that the polyps now 'fighting' together, so they have to move to other aquariums. While several coral reefs around the world were threatened, the coral in the Ocean of Burgers' Zoo in the Dutch city Arnhem grows as cabbage. The zoo in Wuppertal, Germany,

RF2RA0DG9–Close-up, Colonies of Flowerpot coral or Anemone coral (Goniopora columna) . Coral polyps feed by filtering on plankton. Natural background of coral

RMEBNMHP–moon jelly, common jellyfish (Aurelia aurita), polyp stadium, Scyphistoma

Regeneration . ut the results in quitea different light. Reaumur repeated Trembleys experiment of cutting a hydra intopieces, and obtained the same results. He found also that certainfresh-water worms, as well as the terrestrial earthworm, regeneratedwhen cut into pieces. At his instigation two other naturahsts^examined the starfish and some marine polyps, and they concludedthat it was highly probable that these forms also could regenerate.Reaumur pointed out that regeneration is more likely to occur infragile forms which are more exposed to injury. Bonnets experiments were made on several kin Stock Photo

RM2AKTR5N–Regeneration . ut the results in quitea different light. Reaumur repeated Trembleys experiment of cutting a hydra intopieces, and obtained the same results. He found also that certainfresh-water worms, as well as the terrestrial earthworm, regeneratedwhen cut into pieces. At his instigation two other naturahsts^examined the starfish and some marine polyps, and they concludedthat it was highly probable that these forms also could regenerate.Reaumur pointed out that regeneration is more likely to occur infragile forms which are more exposed to injury. Bonnets experiments were made on several kin

RMDJ38C7–A diver of Burgers' Zoo in Arnhem, Netherlands with the second-largest living coral reef in the world, is 'harvesting' corals from its own huge aquarium for the first time, Wednesday 20 November 2013. Till now, only the little breeding tanks of Burgers' Zoo donated living corals to European zoos. The corals in Burgers' Ocean are doing so well, that the polyps now 'fighting' together, so they have to move to other aquariums. While several coral reefs around the world were threatened, the coral in the Ocean of Burgers' Zoo in the Dutch city Arnhem grows as cabbage. The zoo in Wuppertal, Germany,

RF2RD4YM2–Close-up, Colonies of Flowerpot coral or Anemone coral (Goniopora columna) . Coral polyps feed by filtering on plankton. Natural background of coral

Orange Cup Coral (Tubastrea coccinea), Southern Leyte, Philippines Stock Photo

RMEBY0MF–Orange Cup Coral (Tubastrea coccinea), Southern Leyte, Philippines

Pulsating Xenid (Heteroxenia fuscescens), Limasawa, -, Southern Leyte, Philippines Stock Photo

RMDGRP06–Pulsating Xenid (Heteroxenia fuscescens), Limasawa, -, Southern Leyte, Philippines

Diseases of the nose and throat . Fig. 62a. Nasal Polypi. (Griinzvald.) and the septal surface. They may develop to such a degree as todisplace the septum or expand the nasal fossa so as to produce con-siderable facial disfigurement. They are rarely single and, in somecases, an immense number have been removed; in all probabilityunder the latter circumstances the polyps were really compound,several being attached by a common pedicle. They are almost al-ways associated with hyperplastic and later with atrophic changesin the mucous membrane of the turbinate bodies as well as of theseptum. They m Stock Photo

RM2AKB7PK–Diseases of the nose and throat . Fig. 62a. Nasal Polypi. (Griinzvald.) and the septal surface. They may develop to such a degree as todisplace the septum or expand the nasal fossa so as to produce con-siderable facial disfigurement. They are rarely single and, in somecases, an immense number have been removed; in all probabilityunder the latter circumstances the polyps were really compound,several being attached by a common pedicle. They are almost al-ways associated with hyperplastic and later with atrophic changesin the mucous membrane of the turbinate bodies as well as of theseptum. They m

The royal natural history . feeding or nutritive polyp,and at its sides there are several rows of smaller nutritive polyps (s), each ofwhich, at its base, carries a capturing filament (t), and at its side grape-likeclusters of reproductive bodies. The Siphonophora, as a rule, require frequent changes of depth. It does notappear that exclusively deep-sea forms are to be found in the Mediterranean, butthat all Siphonophora under certain circumstances and at certain seasons appearat the surface. Many pass through their larval development at a great depth,and the young Pltysopliora larvae found at Stock Photo

RM2AN3TF2–The royal natural history . feeding or nutritive polyp,and at its sides there are several rows of smaller nutritive polyps (s), each ofwhich, at its base, carries a capturing filament (t), and at its side grape-likeclusters of reproductive bodies. The Siphonophora, as a rule, require frequent changes of depth. It does notappear that exclusively deep-sea forms are to be found in the Mediterranean, butthat all Siphonophora under certain circumstances and at certain seasons appearat the surface. Many pass through their larval development at a great depth,and the young Pltysopliora larvae found at

Glimpses of the animate world; or, Science and literature of natural history, for school and home . at some distance fromthe land. The coral polyps meantime continue to build up-ward, keeping the coral rock nearly even with the surface,and this is changed to dry land above the surface by thedashing of the waves, which break off fragments and pilethem upon the top of the undisturbed portion of the rock. 7. Some of the islands have only sunk a little way, leav-ing a reef partially or entirely inclosing it at a distancevarying from half a mile to several miles from the land ;some have sunk so tha Stock Photo

RM2AWDP0K–Glimpses of the animate world; or, Science and literature of natural history, for school and home . at some distance fromthe land. The coral polyps meantime continue to build up-ward, keeping the coral rock nearly even with the surface,and this is changed to dry land above the surface by thedashing of the waves, which break off fragments and pilethem upon the top of the undisturbed portion of the rock. 7. Some of the islands have only sunk a little way, leav-ing a reef partially or entirely inclosing it at a distancevarying from half a mile to several miles from the land ;some have sunk so tha

Beginners' zoology . HARACTERS The commoner members of the several branches may be recog-nized by the following characters : — 1. The Protozoans are the only one-celled animals. 2. The Sponges are the only animals having pores all over thebody for the inflow of water. 3. The Polyps are the only many-celled animals having a singleopening into the body, serving for both mouth and vent. Theyare radiate in structure, and usually possess tentacles. 4. The Echinoderms are marine animals of more or less radiateappearance, having a food tube in the body separate from thebody wall. The following groups Stock Photo

RM2ANE0FB–Beginners' zoology . HARACTERS The commoner members of the several branches may be recog-nized by the following characters : — 1. The Protozoans are the only one-celled animals. 2. The Sponges are the only animals having pores all over thebody for the inflow of water. 3. The Polyps are the only many-celled animals having a singleopening into the body, serving for both mouth and vent. Theyare radiate in structure, and usually possess tentacles. 4. The Echinoderms are marine animals of more or less radiateappearance, having a food tube in the body separate from thebody wall. The following groups

The royal natural history . a sea-fas [Gorgonia wi i WITH A SHARKS egg fixed to its branches (nat. sizt). appendages. The soft covering of this Gorgonia is white. These animais occupyno very important place in the economy of nature ; but several gastropods seem toattack the polyps, and brittle-stars climb up the branches in search of food. « Abeautiful form is Isidigorgia, resembling a corkscrew with a long spiral. It sendsoff at right angles to the principal axis, and at short intervals, delicate branches, Si6 CCELEXTERA TES.. so that the whole structure looks like a spiral staircase construc Stock Photo

RM2AN35KF–The royal natural history . a sea-fas [Gorgonia wi i WITH A SHARKS egg fixed to its branches (nat. sizt). appendages. The soft covering of this Gorgonia is white. These animais occupyno very important place in the economy of nature ; but several gastropods seem toattack the polyps, and brittle-stars climb up the branches in search of food. « Abeautiful form is Isidigorgia, resembling a corkscrew with a long spiral. It sendsoff at right angles to the principal axis, and at short intervals, delicate branches, Si6 CCELEXTERA TES.. so that the whole structure looks like a spiral staircase construc

$Beginners' zoology . Fig. 244. — Lung Fish of Australia{Ceratodus mioleptis).. Fig. 242. — TCRPEDO. Elec-trical organs at right andleft of brain. Fig. 246. —Seaweed Fish, x^{Phyllopteryx eques). Remarkable Fish. Special Reports. (Encyclopedia, texts, dictionary.) 124 GENERAL CLASSIFICATION 125 RECOGNITION GROUP CHARACTERS The commoner members of the several branches may be recog-nized by the following characters : — 1. The Protozoans are the only one-celled animals. 2. The Sponges are the only animals having pores all over thebody for the inflow of water. 3. The Polyps are the only many-celled Stock Photo$

RM2ANE1JG–Beginners' zoology . Fig. 244. — Lung Fish of Australia{Ceratodus mioleptis).. Fig. 242. — TCRPEDO. Elec-trical organs at right andleft of brain. Fig. 246. —Seaweed Fish, x^{Phyllopteryx eques). Remarkable Fish. Special Reports. (Encyclopedia, texts, dictionary.) 124 GENERAL CLASSIFICATION 125 RECOGNITION GROUP CHARACTERS The commoner members of the several branches may be recog-nized by the following characters : — 1. The Protozoans are the only one-celled animals. 2. The Sponges are the only animals having pores all over thebody for the inflow of water. 3. The Polyps are the only many-celled

. Operative gynecology. he enormoustumor was attached to the fundus by a pedicle 1 centimeter long. KINDS AND SITES OF MYOMATA. 345 extend down toward the pelvic floor, and are in reality a variety of the sub-serous form. When pedunculated, the myomata vary in size from small polyps allthe way to huge tumor masses, either submucous or subserous. The pediclemay even be several inches long, but in the subserous form it is rarely over halfan inch in length. Sessile tumors have a broad flat base, often with more than half thegrowth projecting into the uterine or into the peritoneal cavity. The num Stock Photo

RM2AG0JAF–. Operative gynecology. he enormoustumor was attached to the fundus by a pedicle 1 centimeter long. KINDS AND SITES OF MYOMATA. 345 extend down toward the pelvic floor, and are in reality a variety of the sub-serous form. When pedunculated, the myomata vary in size from small polyps allthe way to huge tumor masses, either submucous or subserous. The pediclemay even be several inches long, but in the subserous form it is rarely over halfan inch in length. Sessile tumors have a broad flat base, often with more than half thegrowth projecting into the uterine or into the peritoneal cavity. The num

Annals of the South African MuseumAnnale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum . branchlets are 3-8 mm long and 2-5 mm wide. Polyps are concentrated on distal portions of these branchlets.Tentacles are retractile into the body of the polyp. Polyps are tear-shaped(clavate) with global distal portions when contracted, or elongate-cylindricalwhen expanded, 1,5-3,0 mm long and 0,8-1,5 mm wide. Several ultimate 338 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM branchlets were observed with young polyps budding laterally from near thebases of adjacent polyps. Sclerites are of three general types. The tentacles posses Stock Photo

RM2AWEEC9–Annals of the South African MuseumAnnale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum . branchlets are 3-8 mm long and 2-5 mm wide. Polyps are concentrated on distal portions of these branchlets.Tentacles are retractile into the body of the polyp. Polyps are tear-shaped(clavate) with global distal portions when contracted, or elongate-cylindricalwhen expanded, 1,5-3,0 mm long and 0,8-1,5 mm wide. Several ultimate 338 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM branchlets were observed with young polyps budding laterally from near thebases of adjacent polyps. Sclerites are of three general types. The tentacles posses

RM2CE4Y88–. Beginners' Zoology . HARACTERS The commoner members of the several branches may be recog-nized by the following characters : — 1. The Protozoans are the only one-celled animals. 2. The Sponges are the only animals having pores all over thebody for the inflow of water. 3. The Polyps are the only many-celled animals having a singleopening into the body, serving for both mouth and vent. Theyare radiate in structure, and usually possess tentacles. 4. The Echmoderms are marine animals of more or less radiateappearance, having a food tube in the body separate from the])ody wall. The following grou

$. Beginners' Zoology . Fig. 244. — Lung Fish of Australia( Ceratodus m iolepis),. Fig. 242. — TCRPEDO. Elec-trical organs at right andleft of brain. Fig. 246. — Seaweed Fish, x^{^Pkyllopteryx eqties). Remarkable Fish. Special Reports. (Encyclopedia, texts, dictionary.) 124 GENERAL CLASSIFICATION 125 RECOGNITION GROUP CHARACTERS The commoner members of the several branches may be recog-nized by the following characters : — 1. The Protozoans are the only one-celled animals. 2. The Sponges are the only animals having pores all over thebody for the inflow of water. 3. The Polyps are the only many- Stock Photo$

RM2CE4YAX–. Beginners' Zoology . Fig. 244. — Lung Fish of Australia( Ceratodus m iolepis),. Fig. 242. — TCRPEDO. Elec-trical organs at right andleft of brain. Fig. 246. — Seaweed Fish, x^{^Pkyllopteryx eqties). Remarkable Fish. Special Reports. (Encyclopedia, texts, dictionary.) 124 GENERAL CLASSIFICATION 125 RECOGNITION GROUP CHARACTERS The commoner members of the several branches may be recog-nized by the following characters : — 1. The Protozoans are the only one-celled animals. 2. The Sponges are the only animals having pores all over thebody for the inflow of water. 3. The Polyps are the only many-

. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology; Zoology. HYDROCORALLIN^E. To the hyclroids we should add the account of the Hydro- corallinse, which until recently were supposed to be true corals. Professor Agassiz, however, observed the animal of Millepora, and traced its acalephian affinity. The polyps of Millepora are most difficult to observe (Fig. 441), not only on account of their small size, but also from their extreme sensitiveness to contact with air. Agassiz's observations have been confirmed by several investigators, especially by Moseley, who has greatl Stock Photo

RMRGFWGT–. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology; Zoology. HYDROCORALLIN^E. To the hyclroids we should add the account of the Hydro- corallinse, which until recently were supposed to be true corals. Professor Agassiz, however, observed the animal of Millepora, and traced its acalephian affinity. The polyps of Millepora are most difficult to observe (Fig. 441), not only on account of their small size, but also from their extreme sensitiveness to contact with air. Agassiz's observations have been confirmed by several investigators, especially by Moseley, who has greatl

. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology; Zoology. 138 THREE CRUISES OF THE " BLAKE.. HYDROCORALLIN^E. To the hyclroids we should add the account of the Hydro- corallinse, which until recently were supposed to be true corals. Professor Agassiz, however, observed the animal of Millepora, and traced its acalephian affinity. The polyps of Millepora are most difficult to observe (Fig. 441), not only on account of their small size, but also from their extreme sensitiveness to contact with air. Agassiz's observations have been confirmed by several investigator Stock Photo

RMRGFWHK–. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology; Zoology. 138 THREE CRUISES OF THE " BLAKE.. HYDROCORALLIN^E. To the hyclroids we should add the account of the Hydro- corallinse, which until recently were supposed to be true corals. Professor Agassiz, however, observed the animal of Millepora, and traced its acalephian affinity. The polyps of Millepora are most difficult to observe (Fig. 441), not only on account of their small size, but also from their extreme sensitiveness to contact with air. Agassiz's observations have been confirmed by several investigator

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 300 H. F. THACHER. two thirds of the time required for the complete disappearance of the polyp ; sometimes the digestive current may, at this stage, distend the degenerating polyps and delay absorption for several hours. The usual time required is from six to twelve hours, but under the same conditions it may last from one to two days. The size of the structure left in the cup becomes slowly less and. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - Stock Photo

RMRHRAC0–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 300 H. F. THACHER. two thirds of the time required for the complete disappearance of the polyp ; sometimes the digestive current may, at this stage, distend the degenerating polyps and delay absorption for several hours. The usual time required is from six to twelve hours, but under the same conditions it may last from one to two days. The size of the structure left in the cup becomes slowly less and. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability -

. Text book of zoology. Zoology. 104 Coelentera. network, occasionally giving rise to several stems, the colonies may be closely attached to the substratum. On account of the feeble skeleton (cuticle) the colonies are frequently supported by various bodies occurring in the water, winding round or creeping over them. Very frequently the polyps of one colony are not all alike; for instance, those persons which bear the medusa-buds are often somewhat different from the rest, having smaller tentacles or none. Fig. 60. IHydroid colony (Syncoryne fructicosa). Natural size. 2 two polyps of tlie same, Stock Photo

RMRE3NYG–. Text book of zoology. Zoology. 104 Coelentera. network, occasionally giving rise to several stems, the colonies may be closely attached to the substratum. On account of the feeble skeleton (cuticle) the colonies are frequently supported by various bodies occurring in the water, winding round or creeping over them. Very frequently the polyps of one colony are not all alike; for instance, those persons which bear the medusa-buds are often somewhat different from the rest, having smaller tentacles or none. Fig. 60. IHydroid colony (Syncoryne fructicosa). Natural size. 2 two polyps of tlie same,

. Animal studies. 380 ANIMAL STUDIES auditory cells, specialized nerve cells, which often bear delicate vibratile hairs (Fig. 231). Auditory organs of this general character are known among the polyps, the worms, the crustaceans, and the mollusks. In the common cray- fish the " ears" are situated in the basal segment of the inner antennae or feelers (Fig. 232). They consist each of a small sac filled with liquid in which are suspended several grains of sand or other hard bodies. The inner. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digital Stock Photo

RMRN3WK4–. Animal studies. 380 ANIMAL STUDIES auditory cells, specialized nerve cells, which often bear delicate vibratile hairs (Fig. 231). Auditory organs of this general character are known among the polyps, the worms, the crustaceans, and the mollusks. In the common cray- fish the " ears" are situated in the basal segment of the inner antennae or feelers (Fig. 232). They consist each of a small sac filled with liquid in which are suspended several grains of sand or other hard bodies. The inner. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digital

. Beginners zoology. Zoology. GENERAL CLASSIFICATION 12$ RECOGNITION GROUP CHARACTERS The commoner members of the several branches may be recog- nized by the following characters : — 1. The Protozoans are the only one-celled animals. 2. The Sponges are the only animals having pores all over the body for the inflow of water. 3. The Polyps are the only many-celled animals having a single opening into the body, serving for both mouth and vent. They are radiate in structure, and usually possess tentacles. 4. The Echinoderms are marine animals of more or less radiate appearance, having a food tube Stock Photo

RMRHYKWN–. Beginners zoology. Zoology. GENERAL CLASSIFICATION 12$ RECOGNITION GROUP CHARACTERS The commoner members of the several branches may be recog- nized by the following characters : — 1. The Protozoans are the only one-celled animals. 2. The Sponges are the only animals having pores all over the body for the inflow of water. 3. The Polyps are the only many-celled animals having a single opening into the body, serving for both mouth and vent. They are radiate in structure, and usually possess tentacles. 4. The Echinoderms are marine animals of more or less radiate appearance, having a food tube

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 86 J. E. DUERDEN. small independent septa ; they suggest a new series of entoccelic septa, appearing in a dorso-ventral sequence like the mesenteries with which they are associated. Later these new septa extended more centrally, and necessarily came into union with the simple inner portions of the septa which originally constituted the exoccelic second cycle. Several of the polyps were reared until the new second and third orders of septa were fully established, when they presented the arrangement shown in Fig. 6. The periph Stock Photo

RMRHRB2W–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 86 J. E. DUERDEN. small independent septa ; they suggest a new series of entoccelic septa, appearing in a dorso-ventral sequence like the mesenteries with which they are associated. Later these new septa extended more centrally, and necessarily came into union with the simple inner portions of the septa which originally constituted the exoccelic second cycle. Several of the polyps were reared until the new second and third orders of septa were fully established, when they presented the arrangement shown in Fig. 6. The periph

RMRDJ781–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. III. ANTHOZOA 229 The theca arises by a fusion of sclerosepta. If this fusion takes place some distance inside the peripheral ends of the sclerosepta, the distal ends of these project on the outer surface as costx. Still outside these may be a second cup, the epillieca. In the centre may occur a large calcareous column or several smaller ones, the columella. As the polyps grow they build the thecK higher and higher and consequently draw out from the deeper portions, which may become cut off by horizontal partitions, the tabula. Such tabute occur in some Madrepor

. Animal biology; Human biology. Parts II & III of First course in biology. Biology. POLYPS (CUPLIKE ANIMALS} 33 The Sea Anemone, like the coral polyp, lives in the sea, but like the fresh water hydra, it deposits no limy support for its body. The anemone is much larger than the hydra and most coral polyps, many spe- cie s at- taining a height of several inches. It. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Bailey Stock Photo

RMRN5N8P–. Animal biology; Human biology. Parts II & III of First course in biology. Biology. POLYPS (CUPLIKE ANIMALS} 33 The Sea Anemone, like the coral polyp, lives in the sea, but like the fresh water hydra, it deposits no limy support for its body. The anemone is much larger than the hydra and most coral polyps, many spe- cie s at- taining a height of several inches. It. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Bailey

. Comparative zoology, structural and systematic : for use in schools and colleges. Zoology; Anatomy, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. CCELENTERATA. 251 long-lived compared with the Hydrozoa, living for several years. One kept in aquaria in England is now more than sixty years old. 1. Soft-bodied Polyps.—The best-known representa- tive of this group is the Actinia, or Sea-anemone. It leads a single life, and is capable of a slow locomotion. Muscular fibres run around the body, and others cross these at right angles. The tentacles, which often number over two hundred, and the partitions, w Stock Photo

RMREF590–. Comparative zoology, structural and systematic : for use in schools and colleges. Zoology; Anatomy, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. CCELENTERATA. 251 long-lived compared with the Hydrozoa, living for several years. One kept in aquaria in England is now more than sixty years old. 1. Soft-bodied Polyps.—The best-known representa- tive of this group is the Actinia, or Sea-anemone. It leads a single life, and is capable of a slow locomotion. Muscular fibres run around the body, and others cross these at right angles. The tentacles, which often number over two hundred, and the partitions, w

. Cold-water Coral Reefs: out of sight - no longer out of mind. UNEP-WCMC Biodiversity Series 22. GoniocoreUa dumosa from the southwest Pacific. The deep-water Ocutina varicosa with expanded polyps them from gorgonians and arborescent hydroids. The soft tissue consists of thousands of tiny polyps and the colony structure may be branching (bushy, pinnate or fan- shapedl or whip like. About 250 species are l<nown. Most blaci< corals are anchored with a strong holdfast to the hard substrate but some are adapted to live in soft sediments. Blacl< coral colonies can grow several metres high Stock Photo

RMREJD3K–. Cold-water Coral Reefs: out of sight - no longer out of mind. UNEP-WCMC Biodiversity Series 22. GoniocoreUa dumosa from the southwest Pacific. The deep-water Ocutina varicosa with expanded polyps them from gorgonians and arborescent hydroids. The soft tissue consists of thousands of tiny polyps and the colony structure may be branching (bushy, pinnate or fan- shapedl or whip like. About 250 species are l<nown. Most blaci< corals are anchored with a strong holdfast to the hard substrate but some are adapted to live in soft sediments. Blacl< coral colonies can grow several metres high

. An elementary course in practical zoölogy [microform]. Zoology; Zoologie. 176 rUACTICAL ZOOL(1GY. Tlic liy<li('i<ls, jelly-fishes, sea-anemones, and coral polyps with iiianv oihcr iiiterestiii*; forms, beloiij^ to the braiiL'h Coelenterata. The co'lenterates are many- celled, radially symmetrical animals, and never pos- sess a digestive tube wholly cut off from the bod' cavity.. SPONGES. Each pupil should have a small si)ecimen of a commer- cial sponge, showing large holes at the toj), but not with large holes running straight through. The teacher will need several specimens of larger Stock Photo

RMREPDY3–. An elementary course in practical zoölogy [microform]. Zoology; Zoologie. 176 rUACTICAL ZOOL(1GY. Tlic liy<li('i<ls, jelly-fishes, sea-anemones, and coral polyps with iiianv oihcr iiiterestiii*; forms, beloiij^ to the braiiL'h Coelenterata. The co'lenterates are many- celled, radially symmetrical animals, and never pos- sess a digestive tube wholly cut off from the bod' cavity.. SPONGES. Each pupil should have a small si)ecimen of a commer- cial sponge, showing large holes at the toj), but not with large holes running straight through. The teacher will need several specimens of larger

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. FIG. 4. FIG. s. the primary germ-cells are not to be distinguished either in size or form from the other embryonic cells. These latter also show the same double nucleoli and act in other respects as do the germ-cells. From this we might expect to find similar condi- tions in the several tissues of the body to which the embryonic cells give rise, and such is, in fact, the case. In polyps, old or young, in males or in females, every organ shows the same con-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images Stock Photo

RMRHR994–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. FIG. 4. FIG. s. the primary germ-cells are not to be distinguished either in size or form from the other embryonic cells. These latter also show the same double nucleoli and act in other respects as do the germ-cells. From this we might expect to find similar condi- tions in the several tissues of the body to which the embryonic cells give rise, and such is, in fact, the case. In polyps, old or young, in males or in females, every organ shows the same con-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 50 N. W. BLACK.STONE. Figure I. Background-subtracted images of several treated and control colonies of Podocorynecarnea: (A) treated with 30 nM dinitrophenol: (B) dinitrophenol control; (C) fed 6 times per week; (D) feeding control. The genetically identical colonies encrust 15-mm diameter glass cover slips and were imaged at the time of the initiation of medusa production (data from these images are included in Figs. 3 and 6). In each image, polyps are bright and circular, stolons are darker and web-like, and the substratu Stock Photo

RMRHKNJ8–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 50 N. W. BLACK.STONE. Figure I. Background-subtracted images of several treated and control colonies of Podocorynecarnea: (A) treated with 30 nM dinitrophenol: (B) dinitrophenol control; (C) fed 6 times per week; (D) feeding control. The genetically identical colonies encrust 15-mm diameter glass cover slips and were imaged at the time of the initiation of medusa production (data from these images are included in Figs. 3 and 6). In each image, polyps are bright and circular, stolons are darker and web-like, and the substratu

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. REVERSAL OF POLARITY IN A HYDROID 353 to about 4.5 mm. long (Fig. 4), was composed of 14 recognizable individuals and had 8 mouths which seemed to be functional (in that they were seen to open and close and brine shrimp larvae were ingested by several). On March 28 the specimen had finally succeeded in dividing into pieces, and we were able to count two single polyps, two separate double polyps, one triple polyp (three mouths and sets of tentacles with a single base), one quadruple (four mouths, three sets of tentacles and a Stock Photo

RMRHNWEB–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. REVERSAL OF POLARITY IN A HYDROID 353 to about 4.5 mm. long (Fig. 4), was composed of 14 recognizable individuals and had 8 mouths which seemed to be functional (in that they were seen to open and close and brine shrimp larvae were ingested by several). On March 28 the specimen had finally succeeded in dividing into pieces, and we were able to count two single polyps, two separate double polyps, one triple polyp (three mouths and sets of tentacles with a single base), one quadruple (four mouths, three sets of tentacles and a

. Atoll research bulletin. Coral reefs and islands; Marine biology; Marine sciences. 12 Two partially damaged colonies of a species of massive coral (probably Leptoria phrygia). Damaged portions are covered with black fouling algae (Yamacutta Reef; May, 1971). 13 Portion of a damaged colony of a species of Favia. Living coral polyps are visible on the left side of the colony. The living tissue had been removed from the remainder of the colony several months earlier by A. planci which is known to have been active in the area (seaward slope, Hall-Thompson Reef; May, 1971).. Please note that thes Stock Photo

RMRJX444–. Atoll research bulletin. Coral reefs and islands; Marine biology; Marine sciences. 12 Two partially damaged colonies of a species of massive coral (probably Leptoria phrygia). Damaged portions are covered with black fouling algae (Yamacutta Reef; May, 1971). 13 Portion of a damaged colony of a species of Favia. Living coral polyps are visible on the left side of the colony. The living tissue had been removed from the remainder of the colony several months earlier by A. planci which is known to have been active in the area (seaward slope, Hall-Thompson Reef; May, 1971).. Please note that thes

. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology; Zoology. 160 BULLETIN : MUSEUM OF COMPAEATIVE ZOOLOGY. formed only Avhere the living polyps and other reef builders are always covered by water. This does not necessitate their always being below low tide level, for corals grow constantly in tide-pools, and Serpulae often build up rims enclosing basins whose surfaces are left several feet above low tide. In such basins corals may flourish above sea-level. But while these cases ai'e not at all uncommon, the ai'ea covered by them, when con- sidered in relation to the wh Stock Photo

RMRGE50X–. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology; Zoology. 160 BULLETIN : MUSEUM OF COMPAEATIVE ZOOLOGY. formed only Avhere the living polyps and other reef builders are always covered by water. This does not necessitate their always being below low tide level, for corals grow constantly in tide-pools, and Serpulae often build up rims enclosing basins whose surfaces are left several feet above low tide. In such basins corals may flourish above sea-level. But while these cases ai'e not at all uncommon, the ai'ea covered by them, when con- sidered in relation to the wh

RMRJX44E–. Atoll research bulletin. Coral reefs and islands; Marine biology; Marine sciences. 12 Two partially damaged colonies of a species of massive coral (probably Leptoria phrygia). Damaged portions are covered with black fouling algae (Yamacutta Reef; May, 1971). 13 Portion of a damaged colony of a species of Favia. Living coral polyps are visible on the left side of the colony. The living tissue had been removed from the remainder of the colony several months earlier by A. planci which is known to have been active in the area (seaward slope, Hall-Thompson Reef; May, 1971).. Please note that thes

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 620 E. H. GLADFELTER. FIGURE 1. Several SEMs of decalcified axial polyps, showing the axial unit of the fluid transport system, a. Cross-section of an axial polyp ca. 10 mm from the tip, exposing the axial unit (a) of the fluid transport system, the canal formed by the coelenteron of the axial polyp lying within the calyx of the skeleton. A number of lateral polyps (Ip) can be seen. Scale bar = 500 ^m. b. Cross-section of the axial polyp ca. 20 mm from the tip, showing the now partly occluded axial canal (a). Scale bar = 250 Stock Photo

RMRHKPGN–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 620 E. H. GLADFELTER. FIGURE 1. Several SEMs of decalcified axial polyps, showing the axial unit of the fluid transport system, a. Cross-section of an axial polyp ca. 10 mm from the tip, exposing the axial unit (a) of the fluid transport system, the canal formed by the coelenteron of the axial polyp lying within the calyx of the skeleton. A number of lateral polyps (Ip) can be seen. Scale bar = 500 ^m. b. Cross-section of the axial polyp ca. 20 mm from the tip, showing the now partly occluded axial canal (a). Scale bar = 250

. Beginners zoology. Zoology. The Sea Anemone, like the coral polyp, lives in the sea, but like the fresh-water hydra, it deposits no limy s7ipport for its body. The anemone is much larger than the hydra and most coral polyps, many spe- c i e s a t- taining a height of several inches. It does not form colo- nies. When its arms are drawn in, it looks like a large knob of shiny but opaque jelly. Polyps used to be called zoophytes {plant-animals), because of their flower-like appearance (Figs. 50, 51). Fig. 49. — Upright cut through coral polyp X 4. ms, mouth; >«r, gullet; h, h, fleshy partiti Stock Photo

RMRHYNCD–. Beginners zoology. Zoology. The Sea Anemone, like the coral polyp, lives in the sea, but like the fresh-water hydra, it deposits no limy s7ipport for its body. The anemone is much larger than the hydra and most coral polyps, many spe- c i e s a t- taining a height of several inches. It does not form colo- nies. When its arms are drawn in, it looks like a large knob of shiny but opaque jelly. Polyps used to be called zoophytes {plant-animals), because of their flower-like appearance (Figs. 50, 51). Fig. 49. — Upright cut through coral polyp X 4. ms, mouth; >«r, gullet; h, h, fleshy partiti

RMRHYNC1–. Beginners zoology. Zoology. The Sea Anemone, like the coral polyp, lives in the sea, but like the fresh-water hydra, it deposits no limy s7ipport for its body. The anemone is much larger than the hydra and most coral polyps, many spe- c i e s a t- taining a height of several inches. It does not form colo- nies. When its arms are drawn in, it looks like a large knob of shiny but opaque jelly. Polyps used to be called zoophytes {plant-animals), because of their flower-like appearance (Figs. 50, 51). Fig. 49. — Upright cut through coral polyp X 4. ms, mouth; >«r, gullet; h, h, fleshy partiti

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