Prothallus Stock Photos and Images
Lectures on the physiology of plants . Fig. 425.-^4 male prothallus of Equisctuntarvense, with the first antheridia a (after Hof-meister, X 200). B—F- antlierozoids of EquisctumTeimateia (after Schacht).. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/lectures-on-the-physiology-of-plants-fig-425-4-male-prothallus-of-equisctuntarvense-with-the-first-antheridia-a-after-hof-meister-x-200-bf-antlierozoids-of-equisctumteimateia-after-schacht-image340079857.htmlRM2AN7Y95–Lectures on the physiology of plants . Fig. 425.-^4 male prothallus of Equisctuntarvense, with the first antheridia a (after Hof-meister, X 200). B—F- antlierozoids of EquisctumTeimateia (after Schacht)..
Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . h antheridia andarchegonia occur together upon theprothallus^ and as in most Pteridophytathe antheridia appear earlier (Figs. 140,Aii 141, ^) than the archegonia, and asregards their point of origin are lessrestricted than the archegonia, beingfound both upon the lobes and uponthe body of the prothallus. The arche-gonia are confined to the meristemimmediately under the crown of lobes.The prothallus of Lycopodiumsalakense is similarly chlorophyllous,but has no crown of lobes or only anindication of these, and perhaps thi Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/organography-of-plants-especially-of-the-archegoniatae-and-spermaphyta-h-antheridia-andarchegonia-occur-together-upon-theprothallus-and-as-in-most-pteridophytathe-antheridia-appear-earlier-figs-140aii-141-than-the-archegonia-and-asregards-their-point-of-origin-are-lessrestricted-than-the-archegonia-beingfound-both-upon-the-lobes-and-uponthe-body-of-the-prothallus-the-arche-gonia-are-confined-to-the-meristemimmediately-under-the-crown-of-lobesthe-prothallus-of-lycopodiumsalakense-is-similarly-chlorophyllousbut-has-no-crown-of-lobes-or-only-anindication-of-these-and-perhaps-thi-image340207572.htmlRM2ANDP6C–Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . h antheridia andarchegonia occur together upon theprothallus^ and as in most Pteridophytathe antheridia appear earlier (Figs. 140,Aii 141, ^) than the archegonia, and asregards their point of origin are lessrestricted than the archegonia, beingfound both upon the lobes and uponthe body of the prothallus. The arche-gonia are confined to the meristemimmediately under the crown of lobes.The prothallus of Lycopodiumsalakense is similarly chlorophyllous,but has no crown of lobes or only anindication of these, and perhaps thi
Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . n Vorkeimes bei den heterosporen Lycopodiaceen,in Botanische Zeitung, liv (1896), p. 159. * Buchtien, Entwicklungsgeschichte des Prothallium von Equisetum, in Bibliotheca Botanica,viii (18S7). In most homosporous Pteridophyta the prothallus produces first of all antheridia. It is probablethat in Equisetum it would be possible by feeding to cause the male prothallus to develop into theiemale. It is, however, scarcely to be expected even if one sowed the spores singly in apparentlyquite similar conditions that they would a Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/organography-of-plants-especially-of-the-archegoniatae-and-spermaphyta-n-vorkeimes-bei-den-heterosporen-lycopodiaceenin-botanische-zeitung-liv-1896-p-159-buchtien-entwicklungsgeschichte-des-prothallium-von-equisetum-in-bibliotheca-botanicaviii-18s7-in-most-homosporous-pteridophyta-the-prothallus-produces-first-of-all-antheridia-it-is-probablethat-in-equisetum-it-would-be-possible-by-feeding-to-cause-the-male-prothallus-to-develop-into-theiemale-it-is-however-scarcely-to-be-expected-even-if-one-sowed-the-spores-singly-in-apparentlyquite-similar-conditions-that-they-would-a-image340207328.htmlRM2ANDNWM–Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . n Vorkeimes bei den heterosporen Lycopodiaceen,in Botanische Zeitung, liv (1896), p. 159. * Buchtien, Entwicklungsgeschichte des Prothallium von Equisetum, in Bibliotheca Botanica,viii (18S7). In most homosporous Pteridophyta the prothallus produces first of all antheridia. It is probablethat in Equisetum it would be possible by feeding to cause the male prothallus to develop into theiemale. It is, however, scarcely to be expected even if one sowed the spores singly in apparentlyquite similar conditions that they would a
. The theory of evolution in the light of facts. here still remain three cells, which may be regardedas a prothallus (the so-called three antipodes). Thereis never more than one ovum formed (Fig. 29). The determination of classeswithin these series is effectedmostly according to the construc-tion and the position of the spores—or the ovum and seed vessels,the formation and arrangement ofthe leaves, the small or tree-hkeconstitution of the stem (stalk),etc. From all this there results ahabit of growth which is fairlycharacteristic but can only be suf-ficiently known by seeing theplants. As an e Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-theory-of-evolution-in-the-light-of-facts-here-still-remain-three-cells-which-may-be-regardedas-a-prothallus-the-so-called-three-antipodes-thereis-never-more-than-one-ovum-formed-fig-29-the-determination-of-classeswithin-these-series-is-effectedmostly-according-to-the-construc-tion-and-the-position-of-the-sporesor-the-ovum-and-seed-vesselsthe-formation-and-arrangement-ofthe-leaves-the-small-or-tree-hkeconstitution-of-the-stem-stalketc-from-all-this-there-results-ahabit-of-growth-which-is-fairlycharacteristic-but-can-only-be-suf-ficiently-known-by-seeing-theplants-as-an-e-image336865564.htmlRM2AG1FD0–. The theory of evolution in the light of facts. here still remain three cells, which may be regardedas a prothallus (the so-called three antipodes). Thereis never more than one ovum formed (Fig. 29). The determination of classeswithin these series is effectedmostly according to the construc-tion and the position of the spores—or the ovum and seed vessels,the formation and arrangement ofthe leaves, the small or tree-hkeconstitution of the stem (stalk),etc. From all this there results ahabit of growth which is fairlycharacteristic but can only be suf-ficiently known by seeing theplants. As an e
Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . ^^s-^ w h Fig. 144. Hemitelia (Amphicosmia) Walkerae. Development of pro-thallus. I, young prothallus ; w/t, rhizoid. 2 and 3, older prothalli, eachwith two vegetative points, f, v. Magnified ; 1 more highly so than 2 and 3. HEART-SHAPED PROTHALLI OF POLYPODIACEAE 201 much as such epiphytic prothalli evidently can only develop archegoniain special favourable conditions, and they live vegetatively between times ;. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/organography-of-plants-especially-of-the-archegoniatae-and-spermaphyta-s-w-h-fig-144-hemitelia-amphicosmia-walkerae-development-of-pro-thallus-i-young-prothallus-wt-rhizoid-2-and-3-older-prothalli-eachwith-two-vegetative-points-f-v-magnified-1-more-highly-so-than-2-and-3-heart-shaped-prothalli-of-polypodiaceae-201-much-as-such-epiphytic-prothalli-evidently-can-only-develop-archegoniain-special-favourable-conditions-and-they-live-vegetatively-between-times-image340205257.htmlRM2ANDK7N–Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . ^^s-^ w h Fig. 144. Hemitelia (Amphicosmia) Walkerae. Development of pro-thallus. I, young prothallus ; w/t, rhizoid. 2 and 3, older prothalli, eachwith two vegetative points, f, v. Magnified ; 1 more highly so than 2 and 3. HEART-SHAPED PROTHALLI OF POLYPODIACEAE 201 much as such epiphytic prothalli evidently can only develop archegoniain special favourable conditions, and they live vegetatively between times ;.
Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . eing better fed, where broad wings have developed,beneath which drops of water (in-dicated by dots) collect. very poor in nutriment. Prothalli of Polypodiaceae wanting the Heart-like Outline. Anogramme. The prothallus of the genus Anogramme connects withthe forms in which the formation of the two wings takes place at different How they arise we shall not stop to inquire. 2o6 CONFIGURATION OF THE PROTHALLUS OF PTERIDOPHYTA times. On account of its noteworthy adaptations it will be mentionedparticularly below ^. It produce Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/organography-of-plants-especially-of-the-archegoniatae-and-spermaphyta-eing-better-fed-where-broad-wings-have-developedbeneath-which-drops-of-water-in-dicated-by-dots-collect-very-poor-in-nutriment-prothalli-of-polypodiaceae-wanting-the-heart-like-outline-anogramme-the-prothallus-of-the-genus-anogramme-connects-withthe-forms-in-which-the-formation-of-the-two-wings-takes-place-at-different-how-they-arise-we-shall-not-stop-to-inquire-2o6-configuration-of-the-prothallus-of-pteridophyta-times-on-account-of-its-noteworthy-adaptations-it-will-be-mentionedparticularly-below-it-produce-image340203434.htmlRM2ANDGXJ–Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . eing better fed, where broad wings have developed,beneath which drops of water (in-dicated by dots) collect. very poor in nutriment. Prothalli of Polypodiaceae wanting the Heart-like Outline. Anogramme. The prothallus of the genus Anogramme connects withthe forms in which the formation of the two wings takes place at different How they arise we shall not stop to inquire. 2o6 CONFIGURATION OF THE PROTHALLUS OF PTERIDOPHYTA times. On account of its noteworthy adaptations it will be mentionedparticularly below ^. It produce
Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . rmationof sclerotia occurs in different cycles of affinity in the Hepaticie. See p. 66. 2i6 PHENOMENA OF ADAPTATION OF THE PROTHALLUS Anogramme belongs to that group of Filicineae in which the prothalluswith heart-like outline does not appear, and indeed we might regard theprothallus of Anogramme chaerophylla^, as it is shown in Fig. 158, as quitethat of Gymnogramme or of Pteris longifolia, on which the second winghad not yet been developed, and the meristem was lateral. Old prothalliare funnel-shaped, not flattened as i Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/organography-of-plants-especially-of-the-archegoniatae-and-spermaphyta-rmationof-sclerotia-occurs-in-different-cycles-of-affinity-in-the-hepaticie-see-p-66-2i6-phenomena-of-adaptation-of-the-prothallus-anogramme-belongs-to-that-group-of-filicineae-in-which-the-prothalluswith-heart-like-outline-does-not-appear-and-indeed-we-might-regard-theprothallus-of-anogramme-chaerophylla-as-it-is-shown-in-fig-158-as-quitethat-of-gymnogramme-or-of-pteris-longifolia-on-which-the-second-winghad-not-yet-been-developed-and-the-meristem-was-lateral-old-prothalliare-funnel-shaped-not-flattened-as-i-image340200130.htmlRM2ANDCMJ–Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . rmationof sclerotia occurs in different cycles of affinity in the Hepaticie. See p. 66. 2i6 PHENOMENA OF ADAPTATION OF THE PROTHALLUS Anogramme belongs to that group of Filicineae in which the prothalluswith heart-like outline does not appear, and indeed we might regard theprothallus of Anogramme chaerophylla^, as it is shown in Fig. 158, as quitethat of Gymnogramme or of Pteris longifolia, on which the second winghad not yet been developed, and the meristem was lateral. Old prothalliare funnel-shaped, not flattened as i
Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . ether adaptation can be proved in the other peculiar features of theprothallus. See p. 25. ^ See p. 180. FEMALE PROTHALLUS OF SALVINIACEAE •211 SALVINIACEAE. The female prothallus of Salviniaceae resembles thatof Marsiliaceae in so far as it is only formed at the apex of the megaspore(Fig. 156) ; the greater portion of the internal space of the megasporeremains as a reservoir of reser^e-material. The prothallus is chlorophyllousand in varying degree, that of Salvinia has much, that of Azolla carolinianavery little chlor Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/organography-of-plants-especially-of-the-archegoniatae-and-spermaphyta-ether-adaptation-can-be-proved-in-the-other-peculiar-features-of-theprothallus-see-p-25-see-p-180-female-prothallus-of-salviniaceae-211-salviniaceae-the-female-prothallus-of-salviniaceae-resembles-thatof-marsiliaceae-in-so-far-as-it-is-only-formed-at-the-apex-of-the-megasporefig-156-the-greater-portion-of-the-internal-space-of-the-megasporeremains-as-a-reservoir-of-resere-material-the-prothallus-is-chlorophyllousand-in-varying-degree-that-of-salvinia-has-much-that-of-azolla-carolinianavery-little-chlor-image340202497.htmlRM2ANDFN5–Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . ether adaptation can be proved in the other peculiar features of theprothallus. See p. 25. ^ See p. 180. FEMALE PROTHALLUS OF SALVINIACEAE •211 SALVINIACEAE. The female prothallus of Salviniaceae resembles thatof Marsiliaceae in so far as it is only formed at the apex of the megaspore(Fig. 156) ; the greater portion of the internal space of the megasporeremains as a reservoir of reser^e-material. The prothallus is chlorophyllousand in varying degree, that of Salvinia has much, that of Azolla carolinianavery little chlor
Lectures on the physiology of plants . bryo; w its root;s its stem-apex ; * its first leaf, which distendsthe prothallus ; si gelatinous envelope of thespore ; at first it forms the funnel above thepapilla, and it still envelopes the prothallium(50 hours after sowing). contam numerous microspores. EMBRYOLOGV OF SELAGINELLAE, ETC. 749 oosphere; the suppression of the fertilisation and development of the embryo whenthe access of antherozoids is prevented, however, is a certain proof of the necessityof the union for the formation of an embryo. The processes of reproduction which alone interest us Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/lectures-on-the-physiology-of-plants-bryo-w-its-roots-its-stem-apex-its-first-leaf-which-distendsthe-prothallus-si-gelatinous-envelope-of-thespore-at-first-it-forms-the-funnel-above-thepapilla-and-it-still-envelopes-the-prothallium50-hours-after-sowing-contam-numerous-microspores-embryologv-of-selaginellae-etc-749-oosphere-the-suppression-of-the-fertilisation-and-development-of-the-embryo-whenthe-access-of-antherozoids-is-prevented-however-is-a-certain-proof-of-the-necessityof-the-union-for-the-formation-of-an-embryo-the-processes-of-reproduction-which-alone-interest-us-image340077815.htmlRM2AN7TM7–Lectures on the physiology of plants . bryo; w its root;s its stem-apex ; * its first leaf, which distendsthe prothallus ; si gelatinous envelope of thespore ; at first it forms the funnel above thepapilla, and it still envelopes the prothallium(50 hours after sowing). contam numerous microspores. EMBRYOLOGV OF SELAGINELLAE, ETC. 749 oosphere; the suppression of the fertilisation and development of the embryo whenthe access of antherozoids is prevented, however, is a certain proof of the necessityof the union for the formation of an embryo. The processes of reproduction which alone interest us
Plants and their ways in South Africa . of the spore. These eachdivide twice, forming four nucleiat each end. Of these, three atthe micropylar end form the eggapparatus, the largest of the threebecoming the egg. Of the fourat the opposite end, three surroundthemselves with walls. They areregarded by some as constitutinga rudimentary prothallus and byothers as a second egg apparatuswhich no longer functions as such.One of the four nuclei at eachend passes to the centre of themegaspore. These fuse and afterfertilization, this, the second-ary nucleus develops the endo-sperm. It is an advantage fo Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/plants-and-their-ways-in-south-africa-of-the-spore-these-eachdivide-twice-forming-four-nucleiat-each-end-of-these-three-atthe-micropylar-end-form-the-eggapparatus-the-largest-of-the-threebecoming-the-egg-of-the-fourat-the-opposite-end-three-surroundthemselves-with-walls-they-areregarded-by-some-as-constitutinga-rudimentary-prothallus-and-byothers-as-a-second-egg-apparatuswhich-no-longer-functions-as-suchone-of-the-four-nuclei-at-eachend-passes-to-the-centre-of-themegaspore-these-fuse-and-afterfertilization-this-the-second-ary-nucleus-develops-the-endo-sperm-it-is-an-advantage-fo-image343268632.htmlRM2AXD6J0–Plants and their ways in South Africa . of the spore. These eachdivide twice, forming four nucleiat each end. Of these, three atthe micropylar end form the eggapparatus, the largest of the threebecoming the egg. Of the fourat the opposite end, three surroundthemselves with walls. They areregarded by some as constitutinga rudimentary prothallus and byothers as a second egg apparatuswhich no longer functions as such.One of the four nuclei at eachend passes to the centre of themegaspore. These fuse and afterfertilization, this, the second-ary nucleus develops the endo-sperm. It is an advantage fo
Recueil des travaux botaniques néerlandais . Position of the Embryo in the Prothallus.The Suspensor. According to Lyon (24), the position of the embryo is deter-mined by the suspensor, which develops first and later givesrise to the embryo (See also Bower (3)). He gives a figure ofthe young sporophyte, m which the suspensor is immediately. Fig. 3. connected with the neck of the archegonium. The position ofthe suspensor, however, varies considerably in the plants in-vestigated, as Fig. 3 shows. In plant 4, which is represented by a transverse section, theposition of the suspensor is almost as i Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/recueil-des-travaux-botaniques-nerlandais-position-of-the-embryo-in-the-prothallusthe-suspensor-according-to-lyon-24-the-position-of-the-embryo-is-deter-mined-by-the-suspensor-which-develops-first-and-later-givesrise-to-the-embryo-see-also-bower-3-he-gives-a-figure-ofthe-young-sporophyte-m-which-the-suspensor-is-immediately-fig-3-connected-with-the-neck-of-the-archegonium-the-position-ofthe-suspensor-however-varies-considerably-in-the-plants-in-vestigated-as-fig-3-shows-in-plant-4-which-is-represented-by-a-transverse-section-theposition-of-the-suspensor-is-almost-as-i-image338139957.htmlRM2AJ3GY1–Recueil des travaux botaniques néerlandais . Position of the Embryo in the Prothallus.The Suspensor. According to Lyon (24), the position of the embryo is deter-mined by the suspensor, which develops first and later givesrise to the embryo (See also Bower (3)). He gives a figure ofthe young sporophyte, m which the suspensor is immediately. Fig. 3. connected with the neck of the archegonium. The position ofthe suspensor, however, varies considerably in the plants in-vestigated, as Fig. 3 shows. In plant 4, which is represented by a transverse section, theposition of the suspensor is almost as i
The treasury of botany: a popular dictionary of the vegetable kingdom; with which is incorporated a glossary of botanical terms . onsequently unattached, and various-ly shaped and sculptured. They consist oftwo coats containing a grumous mass.On germination the outer coat bursts, andthe inner is elongated and protruded, andby cell-division becomes converted into athin marchantiform frond or prothallus.On the under-surface of the prothallus, twokinds of bodies are borne, one of which,the antherid, produces spiral ciliated sper-matozoids, while the other, which formsthe archegone or female cell, Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-treasury-of-botany-a-popular-dictionary-of-the-vegetable-kingdom-with-which-is-incorporated-a-glossary-of-botanical-terms-onsequently-unattached-and-various-ly-shaped-and-sculptured-they-consist-oftwo-coats-containing-a-grumous-masson-germination-the-outer-coat-bursts-andthe-inner-is-elongated-and-protruded-andby-cell-division-becomes-converted-into-athin-marchantiform-frond-or-prothalluson-the-under-surface-of-the-prothallus-twokinds-of-bodies-are-borne-one-of-whichthe-antherid-produces-spiral-ciliated-sper-matozoids-while-the-other-which-formsthe-archegone-or-female-cell-image338185783.htmlRM2AJ5KBK–The treasury of botany: a popular dictionary of the vegetable kingdom; with which is incorporated a glossary of botanical terms . onsequently unattached, and various-ly shaped and sculptured. They consist oftwo coats containing a grumous mass.On germination the outer coat bursts, andthe inner is elongated and protruded, andby cell-division becomes converted into athin marchantiform frond or prothallus.On the under-surface of the prothallus, twokinds of bodies are borne, one of which,the antherid, produces spiral ciliated sper-matozoids, while the other, which formsthe archegone or female cell,
Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . Fig. 152. Vittaria. 1-6, Formation of protliallus ; Ar, arcliegonia; E, embryo ; Br, gemmae,magnified. The others slightly magnified. I, highly margin passing into a permanent condition, and thus there is developeda highly irregular lobed body in some ways resembling the flat protonemaof Sphagnum, and it forms marginal groups of archegonia which, primarilyarising in the meriscem, are separated from it at a later time by the portionswhich have passed into the permanent condition. Hymenopliyllum. The form of prothallus of Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/organography-of-plants-especially-of-the-archegoniatae-and-spermaphyta-fig-152-vittaria-1-6-formation-of-protliallus-ar-arcliegonia-e-embryo-br-gemmaemagnified-the-others-slightly-magnified-i-highly-margin-passing-into-a-permanent-condition-and-thus-there-is-developeda-highly-irregular-lobed-body-in-some-ways-resembling-the-flat-protonemaof-sphagnum-and-it-forms-marginal-groups-of-archegonia-which-primarilyarising-in-the-meriscem-are-separated-from-it-at-a-later-time-by-the-portionswhich-have-passed-into-the-permanent-condition-hymenopliyllum-the-form-of-prothallus-of-image340203086.htmlRM2ANDGE6–Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . Fig. 152. Vittaria. 1-6, Formation of protliallus ; Ar, arcliegonia; E, embryo ; Br, gemmae,magnified. The others slightly magnified. I, highly margin passing into a permanent condition, and thus there is developeda highly irregular lobed body in some ways resembling the flat protonemaof Sphagnum, and it forms marginal groups of archegonia which, primarilyarising in the meriscem, are separated from it at a later time by the portionswhich have passed into the permanent condition. Hymenopliyllum. The form of prothallus of
Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . inst the gnawing of animals. The Dicksonieae furnish a transition tothe hair-formations of the Cyatheaceae. In them, both upon the upper andunder side, as well as upon the edge of the prothallus, there are gland-hairswhich have a basal foot-cell out of which a cell-row, sometimes branched,develops. Exceptions to the usual heart-like outline of the prothallus arefound in some epiphytic Polypodiaceae, as well as in the Vittariaceae ^ andspecies of Anogramme. These epiphytic forms have long band-like pro-thalli with no cush Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/organography-of-plants-especially-of-the-archegoniatae-and-spermaphyta-inst-the-gnawing-of-animals-the-dicksonieae-furnish-a-transition-tothe-hair-formations-of-the-cyatheaceae-in-them-both-upon-the-upper-andunder-side-as-well-as-upon-the-edge-of-the-prothallus-there-are-gland-hairswhich-have-a-basal-foot-cell-out-of-which-a-cell-row-sometimes-brancheddevelops-exceptions-to-the-usual-heart-like-outline-of-the-prothallus-arefound-in-some-epiphytic-polypodiaceae-as-well-as-in-the-vittariaceae-andspecies-of-anogramme-these-epiphytic-forms-have-long-band-like-pro-thalli-with-no-cush-image340207074.htmlRM2ANDNGJ–Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . inst the gnawing of animals. The Dicksonieae furnish a transition tothe hair-formations of the Cyatheaceae. In them, both upon the upper andunder side, as well as upon the edge of the prothallus, there are gland-hairswhich have a basal foot-cell out of which a cell-row, sometimes branched,develops. Exceptions to the usual heart-like outline of the prothallus arefound in some epiphytic Polypodiaceae, as well as in the Vittariaceae ^ andspecies of Anogramme. These epiphytic forms have long band-like pro-thalli with no cush
Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . onecycle of affinity, although, at the same time, it isa matter of indifference from the point of view ofthe manner of life which of them obtains. Thatthe heart-like outline of the prothallus is alwaysfinally attained to, although by different ways inthese forms, may find its explanation in this, itis a beneficial configuration. The wings lieloose, seeing that they develop no rhizoids,upon the surface of the soil, and under themdrops of water collect^ (Fig- I5i)> which then canbe readily absorbed by the middle portion Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/organography-of-plants-especially-of-the-archegoniatae-and-spermaphyta-onecycle-of-affinity-although-at-the-same-time-it-isa-matter-of-indifference-from-the-point-of-view-ofthe-manner-of-life-which-of-them-obtains-thatthe-heart-like-outline-of-the-prothallus-is-alwaysfinally-attained-to-although-by-different-ways-inthese-forms-may-find-its-explanation-in-this-itis-a-beneficial-configuration-the-wings-lieloose-seeing-that-they-develop-no-rhizoidsupon-the-surface-of-the-soil-and-under-themdrops-of-water-collect-fig-i5igt-which-then-canbe-readily-absorbed-by-the-middle-portion-image340203612.htmlRM2ANDH50–Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . onecycle of affinity, although, at the same time, it isa matter of indifference from the point of view ofthe manner of life which of them obtains. Thatthe heart-like outline of the prothallus is alwaysfinally attained to, although by different ways inthese forms, may find its explanation in this, itis a beneficial configuration. The wings lieloose, seeing that they develop no rhizoids,upon the surface of the soil, and under themdrops of water collect^ (Fig- I5i)> which then canbe readily absorbed by the middle portion
Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . i ; the remainder andlarger portion of the interior is divided by two oblique walls inclined towardsthe long axis of the spore into two flat cells, and a third which in opticallongitudinal section is tri-angular. I consider this lastone alone to be the anthe-ridial mother-cell-. It dividesby a periclinal wall into anouter cell, the opercular cell,Z>, and an inner cell, out ofwhich the four mother-cellsof the spermatozoids arise by?division. We should havethen a prothallus consistingof three sterile cells andone anther Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/organography-of-plants-especially-of-the-archegoniatae-and-spermaphyta-i-the-remainder-andlarger-portion-of-the-interior-is-divided-by-two-oblique-walls-inclined-towardsthe-long-axis-of-the-spore-into-two-flat-cells-and-a-third-which-in-opticallongitudinal-section-is-tri-angular-i-consider-this-lastone-alone-to-be-the-anthe-ridial-mother-cell-it-dividesby-a-periclinal-wall-into-anouter-cell-the-opercular-cellzgt-and-an-inner-cell-out-ofwhich-the-four-mother-cellsof-the-spermatozoids-arise-bydivision-we-should-havethen-a-prothallus-consistingof-three-sterile-cells-andone-anther-image340209618.htmlRM2ANDTRE–Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . i ; the remainder andlarger portion of the interior is divided by two oblique walls inclined towardsthe long axis of the spore into two flat cells, and a third which in opticallongitudinal section is tri-angular. I consider this lastone alone to be the anthe-ridial mother-cell-. It dividesby a periclinal wall into anouter cell, the opercular cell,Z>, and an inner cell, out ofwhich the four mother-cellsof the spermatozoids arise by?division. We should havethen a prothallus consistingof three sterile cells andone anther
. The Bible and science. FtG. 163.—1. Egg of Hylodes martinicensis, twelve days old. lower surface;2. Young of Hylodes as it leaves the egg; c, tail. b. Adult male Hylodes,natural size. and that of a fern. The spore of the fern developsfirst into a prothallus, from which a plant resemblingthe parent arises, whereas in the lycopod the prothallusis developed in the spore itself, so that the plantresembling the parent springs at once from the spore. In figs. 104 and 165 w^e have diagrams representingthe development of an ascidian and of an amphioxus. MOLLUSC Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-bible-and-science-ftg-1631-egg-of-hylodes-martinicensis-twelve-days-old-lower-surface2-young-of-hylodes-as-it-leaves-the-egg-c-tail-b-adult-male-hylodesnatural-size-and-that-of-a-fern-the-spore-of-the-fern-developsfirst-into-a-prothallus-from-which-a-plant-resemblingthe-parent-arises-whereas-in-the-lycopod-the-prothallusis-developed-in-the-spore-itself-so-that-the-plantresembling-the-parent-springs-at-once-from-the-spore-in-figs-104-and-165-we-have-diagrams-representingthe-development-of-an-ascidian-and-of-an-amphioxus-mollusc-image336623433.htmlRM2AFJEHD–. The Bible and science. FtG. 163.—1. Egg of Hylodes martinicensis, twelve days old. lower surface;2. Young of Hylodes as it leaves the egg; c, tail. b. Adult male Hylodes,natural size. and that of a fern. The spore of the fern developsfirst into a prothallus, from which a plant resemblingthe parent arises, whereas in the lycopod the prothallusis developed in the spore itself, so that the plantresembling the parent springs at once from the spore. In figs. 104 and 165 w^e have diagrams representingthe development of an ascidian and of an amphioxus. MOLLUSC
Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . l, Ober die Jugendzustande der PHanzen, in Flora, l.Kxii (1889^, p. 21.^ This term of Bowers is preferable to fruit-shoot, the one I used earlier. RELATIONSHIPS TO WATER. TUBERS 217 Anogramme leptophylla ^ are somewhat more complex. Its sporophyte isannual, as is that of A. chaerophylla. The prothallus, like that of A. chaero-phylla, is a spathulate cell-surface which is funnel-shaped and not flat(Fig. 159) and which can branch and form lobes somewhat after thefashion of that in Vittaria. The tuber-like archegoniophore, Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/organography-of-plants-especially-of-the-archegoniatae-and-spermaphyta-l-ober-die-jugendzustande-der-phanzen-in-flora-lkxii-1889-p-21-this-term-of-bowers-is-preferable-to-fruit-shoot-the-one-i-used-earlier-relationships-to-water-tubers-217-anogramme-leptophylla-are-somewhat-more-complex-its-sporophyte-isannual-as-is-that-of-a-chaerophylla-the-prothallus-like-that-of-a-chaero-phylla-is-a-spathulate-cell-surface-which-is-funnel-shaped-and-not-flatfig-159-and-which-can-branch-and-form-lobes-somewhat-after-thefashion-of-that-in-vittaria-the-tuber-like-archegoniophore-image340199953.htmlRM2ANDCE9–Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . l, Ober die Jugendzustande der PHanzen, in Flora, l.Kxii (1889^, p. 21.^ This term of Bowers is preferable to fruit-shoot, the one I used earlier. RELATIONSHIPS TO WATER. TUBERS 217 Anogramme leptophylla ^ are somewhat more complex. Its sporophyte isannual, as is that of A. chaerophylla. The prothallus, like that of A. chaero-phylla, is a spathulate cell-surface which is funnel-shaped and not flat(Fig. 159) and which can branch and form lobes somewhat after thefashion of that in Vittaria. The tuber-like archegoniophore,
Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . Fig. 145. Polypodium obliquatum.Prothallus seen from below. On themargin are bristle hairs and rhizoids,IVh. On the surface two groups ofarchegonia surrounded by rhizoids. Itis only at the points where these groupsare that the prothallus is many-layered.Magnified. Fig. 146. Apex of a band-like prothallus with bristle hairs. Oneof these bristle hairs shows a spiral line of rupture the result of swellino-in potash solution. Highly magnified. their free propagation by gemmae which will be presently mentioned ^ mayalso be co Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/organography-of-plants-especially-of-the-archegoniatae-and-spermaphyta-fig-145-polypodium-obliquatumprothallus-seen-from-below-on-themargin-are-bristle-hairs-and-rhizoidsivh-on-the-surface-two-groups-ofarchegonia-surrounded-by-rhizoids-itis-only-at-the-points-where-these-groupsare-that-the-prothallus-is-many-layeredmagnified-fig-146-apex-of-a-band-like-prothallus-with-bristle-hairs-oneof-these-bristle-hairs-shows-a-spiral-line-of-rupture-the-result-of-swellino-in-potash-solution-highly-magnified-their-free-propagation-by-gemmae-which-will-be-presently-mentioned-mayalso-be-co-image340204859.htmlRM2ANDJNF–Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . Fig. 145. Polypodium obliquatum.Prothallus seen from below. On themargin are bristle hairs and rhizoids,IVh. On the surface two groups ofarchegonia surrounded by rhizoids. Itis only at the points where these groupsare that the prothallus is many-layered.Magnified. Fig. 146. Apex of a band-like prothallus with bristle hairs. Oneof these bristle hairs shows a spiral line of rupture the result of swellino-in potash solution. Highly magnified. their free propagation by gemmae which will be presently mentioned ^ mayalso be co
Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . Fig. 155. Salvinia natans. /, megaspore germinat-ing; , archegonium; sk^ apical ridge. //; prothallusisolated seen from above ; three archegonia and themother-cell, ;«, of a fourth are visible ; sk, apical ridgeof meristem ; /% position whence the wings are de-veloped. Magnified. / After Pringsheim. // AfterBauke. Fig. 156. Salvinia natans. Germinated megaspore;prothallus and embrj-o in longitudinal section in the medianline of the prothallus. i^if, portion of wall of sporangium :/, perinium ; c, exine; j, cavity of the Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/organography-of-plants-especially-of-the-archegoniatae-and-spermaphyta-fig-155-salvinia-natans-megaspore-germinat-ing-archegonium-sk-apical-ridge-prothallusisolated-seen-from-above-three-archegonia-and-themother-cell-of-a-fourth-are-visible-sk-apical-ridgeof-meristem-position-whence-the-wings-are-de-veloped-magnified-after-pringsheim-afterbauke-fig-156-salvinia-natans-germinated-megasporeprothallus-and-embrj-o-in-longitudinal-section-in-the-medianline-of-the-prothallus-iif-portion-of-wall-of-sporangium-perinium-c-exine-j-cavity-of-the-image340202175.htmlRM2ANDF9K–Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . Fig. 155. Salvinia natans. /, megaspore germinat-ing; , archegonium; sk^ apical ridge. //; prothallusisolated seen from above ; three archegonia and themother-cell, ;«, of a fourth are visible ; sk, apical ridgeof meristem ; /% position whence the wings are de-veloped. Magnified. / After Pringsheim. // AfterBauke. Fig. 156. Salvinia natans. Germinated megaspore;prothallus and embrj-o in longitudinal section in the medianline of the prothallus. i^if, portion of wall of sporangium :/, perinium ; c, exine; j, cavity of the
Recueil des travaux botaniques néerlandais . exammed some of Lyons slides and published a shortof the embryology of the (orm. A detailed embryo- logical investigation of this form by Campbell is in press (11).The majority of the young plants proves to be still attached to the prothallus (Fig. 1); two were already free (Fig. 2). The size vaned from 1—20 mm. The developmental range was be- tween those in which the second root (and fourth leaf) were making their appearance.. Position of the Embryo in the Prothallus.The Suspensor. According to Lyon (24), the position of the embryo is deter-mined b Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/recueil-des-travaux-botaniques-nerlandais-exammed-some-of-lyons-slides-and-published-a-shortof-the-embryology-of-the-orm-a-detailed-embryo-logical-investigation-of-this-form-by-campbell-is-in-press-11the-majority-of-the-young-plants-proves-to-be-still-attached-to-the-prothallus-fig-1-two-were-already-free-fig-2-the-size-vaned-from-120-mm-the-developmental-range-was-be-tween-those-in-which-the-second-root-and-fourth-leaf-were-making-their-appearance-position-of-the-embryo-in-the-prothallusthe-suspensor-according-to-lyon-24-the-position-of-the-embryo-is-deter-mined-b-image338140079.htmlRM2AJ3H3B–Recueil des travaux botaniques néerlandais . exammed some of Lyons slides and published a shortof the embryology of the (orm. A detailed embryo- logical investigation of this form by Campbell is in press (11).The majority of the young plants proves to be still attached to the prothallus (Fig. 1); two were already free (Fig. 2). The size vaned from 1—20 mm. The developmental range was be- tween those in which the second root (and fourth leaf) were making their appearance.. Position of the Embryo in the Prothallus.The Suspensor. According to Lyon (24), the position of the embryo is deter-mined b
Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . Fig. 145. Polypodium obliquatum.Prothallus seen from below. On themargin are bristle hairs and rhizoids,IVh. On the surface two groups ofarchegonia surrounded by rhizoids. Itis only at the points where these groupsare that the prothallus is many-layered.Magnified. Fig. 146. Apex of a band-like prothallus with bristle hairs. Oneof these bristle hairs shows a spiral line of rupture the result of swellino-in potash solution. Highly magnified. their free propagation by gemmae which will be presently mentioned ^ mayalso be co Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/organography-of-plants-especially-of-the-archegoniatae-and-spermaphyta-fig-145-polypodium-obliquatumprothallus-seen-from-below-on-themargin-are-bristle-hairs-and-rhizoidsivh-on-the-surface-two-groups-ofarchegonia-surrounded-by-rhizoids-itis-only-at-the-points-where-these-groupsare-that-the-prothallus-is-many-layeredmagnified-fig-146-apex-of-a-band-like-prothallus-with-bristle-hairs-oneof-these-bristle-hairs-shows-a-spiral-line-of-rupture-the-result-of-swellino-in-potash-solution-highly-magnified-their-free-propagation-by-gemmae-which-will-be-presently-mentioned-mayalso-be-co-image340204964.htmlRM2ANDJW8–Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . Fig. 145. Polypodium obliquatum.Prothallus seen from below. On themargin are bristle hairs and rhizoids,IVh. On the surface two groups ofarchegonia surrounded by rhizoids. Itis only at the points where these groupsare that the prothallus is many-layered.Magnified. Fig. 146. Apex of a band-like prothallus with bristle hairs. Oneof these bristle hairs shows a spiral line of rupture the result of swellino-in potash solution. Highly magnified. their free propagation by gemmae which will be presently mentioned ^ mayalso be co
Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . ungsgeschichte des weiblichen Vorkeimes bei den heterosporeii Lvco-podiaccen, in Botanische Zeitung, liv (1896), p. 160. Adventitious shoots also appear in Lycopodium Phlcgmaria. • See Tart I, p. 49. * Buchtien, Entwicklungsgeschichte des rrothallium von Equisetum, in Bibliotheca Botanica, viii(iS87),p. 24. 214 ASEXUAL PROPAGATION OF THE PROTHALLUS of Lycopodium, and also in many Hymenophyllaceae and Vittariaceae, andthus, as in the Hepaticae, formation of gemmae has arisen frequently andindependently in different series Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/organography-of-plants-especially-of-the-archegoniatae-and-spermaphyta-ungsgeschichte-des-weiblichen-vorkeimes-bei-den-heterosporeii-lvco-podiaccen-in-botanische-zeitung-liv-1896-p-160-adventitious-shoots-also-appear-in-lycopodium-phlcgmaria-see-tart-i-p-49-buchtien-entwicklungsgeschichte-des-rrothallium-von-equisetum-in-bibliotheca-botanica-viiiis87p-24-214-asexual-propagation-of-the-prothallus-of-lycopodium-and-also-in-many-hymenophyllaceae-and-vittariaceae-andthus-as-in-the-hepaticae-formation-of-gemmae-has-arisen-frequently-andindependently-in-different-series-image340201917.htmlRM2ANDF0D–Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . ungsgeschichte des weiblichen Vorkeimes bei den heterosporeii Lvco-podiaccen, in Botanische Zeitung, liv (1896), p. 160. Adventitious shoots also appear in Lycopodium Phlcgmaria. • See Tart I, p. 49. * Buchtien, Entwicklungsgeschichte des rrothallium von Equisetum, in Bibliotheca Botanica, viii(iS87),p. 24. 214 ASEXUAL PROPAGATION OF THE PROTHALLUS of Lycopodium, and also in many Hymenophyllaceae and Vittariaceae, andthus, as in the Hepaticae, formation of gemmae has arisen frequently andindependently in different series
Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . the pro-thallus. The arrang-ement resembles somewhat that of Isoetes. but is. spm Fig. 176. Selaginella Martensii. Female pro-thallus, pr^ projecting from the ruptured wall, spin, ofthe megaspore ; ar, sterile archegonium ; etnb, embn.two eiiibryos embedded in the tissue of the prothallus;ct, et, suspensors. Magnified 124. Adjusted afterPfeffer. Lehrb. See Part I, p. 220. ? See Jeffrey, The (Jametophyte of Botrychium viri^iniaiuim, Studies from the University of Toronto,Biological Series, 1S98. ?? See Pruchmann, Ober di Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/organography-of-plants-especially-of-the-archegoniatae-and-spermaphyta-the-pro-thallus-the-arrang-ement-resembles-somewhat-that-of-isoetes-but-is-spm-fig-176-selaginella-martensii-female-pro-thallus-pr-projecting-from-the-ruptured-wall-spin-ofthe-megaspore-ar-sterile-archegonium-etnb-embntwo-eiiibryos-embedded-in-the-tissue-of-the-prothallusct-et-suspensors-magnified-124-adjusted-afterpfeffer-lehrb-see-part-i-p-220-see-jeffrey-the-jametophyte-of-botrychium-viriiniaiuim-studies-from-the-university-of-torontobiological-series-1s98-see-pruchmann-ober-di-image340191942.htmlRM2AND286–Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . the pro-thallus. The arrang-ement resembles somewhat that of Isoetes. but is. spm Fig. 176. Selaginella Martensii. Female pro-thallus, pr^ projecting from the ruptured wall, spin, ofthe megaspore ; ar, sterile archegonium ; etnb, embn.two eiiibryos embedded in the tissue of the prothallus;ct, et, suspensors. Magnified 124. Adjusted afterPfeffer. Lehrb. See Part I, p. 220. ? See Jeffrey, The (Jametophyte of Botrychium viri^iniaiuim, Studies from the University of Toronto,Biological Series, 1S98. ?? See Pruchmann, Ober di
Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . Fig. 140. Lycopodium inundatum. i, few-celled prothallus ;/?, basilar cell. 2, prothallus with antheridium, ^«; i/, injuredcell. 3, older prothallus with antheridia, Aft, and meristem, MU, injured cell; b, basilar cell. 4, prothallus with archegonia, A,and an embryo showing cotjdedon, Co, and protocorm, B. Allmagnified ; after De Bary. Fig. 141. Lycopo-dium.inundatum. Pro-thai us with arche-gonia, A. ^lagniCed. deal with an inherited character from a primitive chlorophyllous prothallusor with a condition produced by int Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/organography-of-plants-especially-of-the-archegoniatae-and-spermaphyta-fig-140-lycopodium-inundatum-i-few-celled-prothallus-basilar-cell-2-prothallus-with-antheridium-i-injuredcell-3-older-prothallus-with-antheridia-aft-and-meristem-mu-injured-cell-b-basilar-cell-4-prothallus-with-archegonia-aand-an-embryo-showing-cotjdedon-co-and-protocorm-b-allmagnified-after-de-bary-fig-141-lycopo-diuminundatum-pro-thai-us-with-arche-gonia-a-lagniced-deal-with-an-inherited-character-from-a-primitive-chlorophyllous-prothallusor-with-a-condition-produced-by-int-image340207699.htmlRM2ANDPAY–Organography of plants, especially of the archegoniatae and spermaphyta . Fig. 140. Lycopodium inundatum. i, few-celled prothallus ;/?, basilar cell. 2, prothallus with antheridium, ^«; i/, injuredcell. 3, older prothallus with antheridia, Aft, and meristem, MU, injured cell; b, basilar cell. 4, prothallus with archegonia, A,and an embryo showing cotjdedon, Co, and protocorm, B. Allmagnified ; after De Bary. Fig. 141. Lycopo-dium.inundatum. Pro-thai us with arche-gonia, A. ^lagniCed. deal with an inherited character from a primitive chlorophyllous prothallusor with a condition produced by int
Lectures on the physiology of plants . as it were cut off, furthercell-divisions occur in the remaining cells which constitute together, so to speak, areduced antheridium. This is well seen in I): each of these small cells gives rise toan antherozoid of very simi)le form, just as in the Mosses. Reluming to the germinating macrospore again, it is to be noticed that the 750 LECTURE XLII. true prothallus is separated off from the large spore-cavity by the diaphragm d d: inthis cavity there arises a large-celled tissue, such as we shall meet with later in theembryo-sac of flowering plants—the so-c Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/lectures-on-the-physiology-of-plants-as-it-were-cut-off-furthercell-divisions-occur-in-the-remaining-cells-which-constitute-together-so-to-speak-areduced-antheridium-this-is-well-seen-in-i-each-of-these-small-cells-gives-rise-toan-antherozoid-of-very-simile-form-just-as-in-the-mosses-reluming-to-the-germinating-macrospore-again-it-is-to-be-noticed-that-the-750-lecture-xlii-true-prothallus-is-separated-off-from-the-large-spore-cavity-by-the-diaphragm-d-d-inthis-cavity-there-arises-a-large-celled-tissue-such-as-we-shall-meet-with-later-in-theembryo-sac-of-flowering-plantsthe-so-c-image340077056.htmlRM2AN7RN4–Lectures on the physiology of plants . as it were cut off, furthercell-divisions occur in the remaining cells which constitute together, so to speak, areduced antheridium. This is well seen in I): each of these small cells gives rise toan antherozoid of very simi)le form, just as in the Mosses. Reluming to the germinating macrospore again, it is to be noticed that the 750 LECTURE XLII. true prothallus is separated off from the large spore-cavity by the diaphragm d d: inthis cavity there arises a large-celled tissue, such as we shall meet with later in theembryo-sac of flowering plants—the so-c
The elements of botany for beginners and for schools . Fig. 509. A young prothallus of a Maiden-hair, moderately enlarged, and anolder one with the first fern-leaf developed from near the notch. 510. Middle por-tion of the young one, much magnified, showing below, partly among the rootlets,the antheridia or fertilizing organs, and above, near the notch, three piatiUidia,to be fertilized. 160 CRYPTOGAMOUS OR FLOWERLESS PLANTS. [SECTION 17. closely resembles a small Liverwort. This is named a PEOTHAliUS (Tig.509): from some point of this a bud appears to originate, which producesthe first fern-l Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-elements-of-botany-for-beginners-and-for-schools-fig-509-a-young-prothallus-of-a-maiden-hair-moderately-enlarged-and-anolder-one-with-the-first-fern-leaf-developed-from-near-the-notch-510-middle-por-tion-of-the-young-one-much-magnified-showing-below-partly-among-the-rootletsthe-antheridia-or-fertilizing-organs-and-above-near-the-notch-three-piatiuidiato-be-fertilized-160-cryptogamous-or-flowerless-plants-section-17-closely-resembles-a-small-liverwort-this-is-named-a-peothalius-tig509-from-some-point-of-this-a-bud-appears-to-originate-which-producesthe-first-fern-l-image343021898.htmlRM2AX1YX2–The elements of botany for beginners and for schools . Fig. 509. A young prothallus of a Maiden-hair, moderately enlarged, and anolder one with the first fern-leaf developed from near the notch. 510. Middle por-tion of the young one, much magnified, showing below, partly among the rootlets,the antheridia or fertilizing organs, and above, near the notch, three piatiUidia,to be fertilized. 160 CRYPTOGAMOUS OR FLOWERLESS PLANTS. [SECTION 17. closely resembles a small Liverwort. This is named a PEOTHAliUS (Tig.509): from some point of this a bud appears to originate, which producesthe first fern-l
. The Bible and science. FtG. 163.—1. Egg of Hylodes martinicensis, twelve days old. lower surface;2. Young of Hylodes as it leaves the egg; c, tail. b. Adult male Hylodes,natural size. and that of a fern. The spore of the fern developsfirst into a prothallus, from which a plant resemblingthe parent arises, whereas in the lycopod the prothallusis developed in the spore itself, so that the plantresembling the parent springs at once from the spore. In figs. 104 and 165 w^e have diagrams representingthe development of an ascidian and of an amphioxus. MOLLUSC. Fjg. 164.—Development of an Ascidian. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-bible-and-science-ftg-1631-egg-of-hylodes-martinicensis-twelve-days-old-lower-surface2-young-of-hylodes-as-it-leaves-the-egg-c-tail-b-adult-male-hylodesnatural-size-and-that-of-a-fern-the-spore-of-the-fern-developsfirst-into-a-prothallus-from-which-a-plant-resemblingthe-parent-arises-whereas-in-the-lycopod-the-prothallusis-developed-in-the-spore-itself-so-that-the-plantresembling-the-parent-springs-at-once-from-the-spore-in-figs-104-and-165-we-have-diagrams-representingthe-development-of-an-ascidian-and-of-an-amphioxus-mollusc-fjg-164development-of-an-ascidian-image336623269.htmlRM2AFJEBH–. The Bible and science. FtG. 163.—1. Egg of Hylodes martinicensis, twelve days old. lower surface;2. Young of Hylodes as it leaves the egg; c, tail. b. Adult male Hylodes,natural size. and that of a fern. The spore of the fern developsfirst into a prothallus, from which a plant resemblingthe parent arises, whereas in the lycopod the prothallusis developed in the spore itself, so that the plantresembling the parent springs at once from the spore. In figs. 104 and 165 w^e have diagrams representingthe development of an ascidian and of an amphioxus. MOLLUSC. Fjg. 164.—Development of an Ascidian.
Recueil des travaux botaniques néerlandais . the second leaf not yet developed. Photo- graph I shows a young plant with the suspensor. The nextpenodof development Is one in which the first root is very much elongated. The three plants which represent this stage ail show a similar position of the suspensor attached at a much lower place. In ail the cases exa- mined, the root emerged from thelower surface, the cotylédon (a little later) from the uppersurface of the prothallus. There does not seem to be a definite relation between thesuspensor and the position of the first leaf. In Lyon s photo-g Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/recueil-des-travaux-botaniques-nerlandais-the-second-leaf-not-yet-developed-photo-graph-i-shows-a-young-plant-with-the-suspensor-the-nextpenodof-development-is-one-in-which-the-first-root-is-very-much-elongated-the-three-plants-which-represent-this-stage-ail-show-a-similar-position-of-the-suspensor-attached-at-a-much-lower-place-in-ail-the-cases-exa-mined-the-root-emerged-from-thelower-surface-the-cotyldon-a-little-later-from-the-uppersurface-of-the-prothallus-there-does-not-seem-to-be-a-definite-relation-between-thesuspensor-and-the-position-of-the-first-leaf-in-lyon-s-photo-g-image338139778.htmlRM2AJ3GMJ–Recueil des travaux botaniques néerlandais . the second leaf not yet developed. Photo- graph I shows a young plant with the suspensor. The nextpenodof development Is one in which the first root is very much elongated. The three plants which represent this stage ail show a similar position of the suspensor attached at a much lower place. In ail the cases exa- mined, the root emerged from thelower surface, the cotylédon (a little later) from the uppersurface of the prothallus. There does not seem to be a definite relation between thesuspensor and the position of the first leaf. In Lyon s photo-g
Recueil des travaux botaniques néerlandais . isible. A single vascular strand connectsroot and leaf. The position of the embryo m the prothallus is, as far ascould be seen, quite the same as that in B. lunaria. The only im-portant différence between this form and B. simplex up to thisstage is the large size of the first leaf in the latter. No trace ofa vascular bundle appears m the cotylédon at this stage. Theinitiais of the cotylédon could not be traced with any certainty. The Formation of the Stèle.The second root makes its appearence at the same place asin B. lunaria. A séries representing Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/recueil-des-travaux-botaniques-nerlandais-isible-a-single-vascular-strand-connectsroot-and-leaf-the-position-of-the-embryo-m-the-prothallus-is-as-far-ascould-be-seen-quite-the-same-as-that-in-b-lunaria-the-only-im-portant-diffrence-between-this-form-and-b-simplex-up-to-thisstage-is-the-large-size-of-the-first-leaf-in-the-latter-no-trace-ofa-vascular-bundle-appears-m-the-cotyldon-at-this-stage-theinitiais-of-the-cotyldon-could-not-be-traced-with-any-certainty-the-formation-of-the-stlethe-second-root-makes-its-appearence-at-the-same-place-asin-b-lunaria-a-sries-representing-image338137695.htmlRM2AJ3E27–Recueil des travaux botaniques néerlandais . isible. A single vascular strand connectsroot and leaf. The position of the embryo m the prothallus is, as far ascould be seen, quite the same as that in B. lunaria. The only im-portant différence between this form and B. simplex up to thisstage is the large size of the first leaf in the latter. No trace ofa vascular bundle appears m the cotylédon at this stage. Theinitiais of the cotylédon could not be traced with any certainty. The Formation of the Stèle.The second root makes its appearence at the same place asin B. lunaria. A séries representing
The elements of botany for beginners and for schools . Fig. 509. A young prothallus of a Maiden-hair, moderately enlarged, and anolder one with the first fern-leaf developed from near the notch. 510. Middle por-tion of the young one, much magnified, showing below, partly among the rootlets,the antheridia or fertilizing organs, and above, near the notch, three piatiUidia,to be fertilized. 160 CRYPTOGAMOUS OR FLOWERLESS PLANTS. [SECTION 17. closely resembles a small Liverwort. This is named a PEOTHAliUS (Tig.509): from some point of this a bud appears to originate, which producesthe first fern-l Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-elements-of-botany-for-beginners-and-for-schools-fig-509-a-young-prothallus-of-a-maiden-hair-moderately-enlarged-and-anolder-one-with-the-first-fern-leaf-developed-from-near-the-notch-510-middle-por-tion-of-the-young-one-much-magnified-showing-below-partly-among-the-rootletsthe-antheridia-or-fertilizing-organs-and-above-near-the-notch-three-piatiuidiato-be-fertilized-160-cryptogamous-or-flowerless-plants-section-17-closely-resembles-a-small-liverwort-this-is-named-a-peothalius-tig509-from-some-point-of-this-a-bud-appears-to-originate-which-producesthe-first-fern-l-image343022152.htmlRM2AX2074–The elements of botany for beginners and for schools . Fig. 509. A young prothallus of a Maiden-hair, moderately enlarged, and anolder one with the first fern-leaf developed from near the notch. 510. Middle por-tion of the young one, much magnified, showing below, partly among the rootlets,the antheridia or fertilizing organs, and above, near the notch, three piatiUidia,to be fertilized. 160 CRYPTOGAMOUS OR FLOWERLESS PLANTS. [SECTION 17. closely resembles a small Liverwort. This is named a PEOTHAliUS (Tig.509): from some point of this a bud appears to originate, which producesthe first fern-l
The elements of botany for beginners and for schools . spore-cases of two kinds,intermixed. The larger ones contain each a large spore, or macrospore;the smaller contain numerous microspores, immersed in mucilage. Atmaturity the fruit bursts or splits open at top, and the two kinds of sporesare discharged. The large ones in germination produce a small prothallus;upon which the contents of the microspores act in the same way as inPerns, and with a similar result. 496. AzoUa is a little floating plant, looking like a small Liverwort orMoss. Its branches are covered with minute and scale-shaped l Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-elements-of-botany-for-beginners-and-for-schools-spore-cases-of-two-kindsintermixed-the-larger-ones-contain-each-a-large-spore-or-macrosporethe-smaller-contain-numerous-microspores-immersed-in-mucilage-atmaturity-the-fruit-bursts-or-splits-open-at-top-and-the-two-kinds-of-sporesare-discharged-the-large-ones-in-germination-produce-a-small-prothallusupon-which-the-contents-of-the-microspores-act-in-the-same-way-as-inperns-and-with-a-similar-result-496-azoua-is-a-little-floating-plant-looking-like-a-small-liverwort-ormoss-its-branches-are-covered-with-minute-and-scale-shaped-l-image343021102.htmlRM2AX1XWJ–The elements of botany for beginners and for schools . spore-cases of two kinds,intermixed. The larger ones contain each a large spore, or macrospore;the smaller contain numerous microspores, immersed in mucilage. Atmaturity the fruit bursts or splits open at top, and the two kinds of sporesare discharged. The large ones in germination produce a small prothallus;upon which the contents of the microspores act in the same way as inPerns, and with a similar result. 496. AzoUa is a little floating plant, looking like a small Liverwort orMoss. Its branches are covered with minute and scale-shaped l
Lectures on the physiology of plants . Fig. ^?2Z.—.4dia)itum CapiUus-Veneris. Vesection through the prothalUis pp and the young Feli root-hairs; a archegonia; b first leaf, lu first roembryo (x about lo).. FIG. i,ir)..ldHtnti(m CapiUmfirst leaf; iV primary i Prothallium seen from below // with the young Iicondary root; h root-hairs of prothallus (x about i the first year, however, though it produces from its lower leaf-sheaths a few lateralshoots, which penetrate downwards into the soil to continue the growth.next year,since the plantlet arising directly from the embryo itself perishes in the Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/lectures-on-the-physiology-of-plants-fig-2z4diaitum-capiuus-veneris-vesection-through-the-prothaluis-pp-and-the-young-feli-root-hairs-a-archegonia-b-first-leaf-lu-first-roembryo-x-about-lo-fig-iirldhtntim-capiumfirst-leaf-iv-primary-i-prothallium-seen-from-below-with-the-young-iicondary-root-h-root-hairs-of-prothallus-x-about-i-the-first-year-however-though-it-produces-from-its-lower-leaf-sheaths-a-few-lateralshoots-which-penetrate-downwards-into-the-soil-to-continue-the-growthnext-yearsince-the-plantlet-arising-directly-from-the-embryo-itself-perishes-in-the-image340079169.htmlRM2AN7XCH–Lectures on the physiology of plants . Fig. ^?2Z.—.4dia)itum CapiUus-Veneris. Vesection through the prothalUis pp and the young Feli root-hairs; a archegonia; b first leaf, lu first roembryo (x about lo).. FIG. i,ir)..ldHtnti(m CapiUmfirst leaf; iV primary i Prothallium seen from below // with the young Iicondary root; h root-hairs of prothallus (x about i the first year, however, though it produces from its lower leaf-sheaths a few lateralshoots, which penetrate downwards into the soil to continue the growth.next year,since the plantlet arising directly from the embryo itself perishes in the
Lectures on the physiology of plants . Fig. 426 ertical section of the lobes of a vigorous female prothallus of Hquisetum at-vensc(after Hofmeister). At aaa two barren and onefertilised archegonium; h root-hairs (X about 60). FIG. 4=7.-Developn,ent of the embryo of H.,uisctum arvense (after Hofn.e.ster). -? v>:rt.cal section ofarchegoniim a with e.l.bryoyiX =00). B a free en.bryo further developed: Ö UK.p.ent «- --« i^-^^-J the first shoot (X =00). C vertical section of a lobe of a prothallus//w.th a young i-/«»./;»«. «.its first root,b b its leaf-sheaths (X 10). what is the same thing, th Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/lectures-on-the-physiology-of-plants-fig-426-ertical-section-of-the-lobes-of-a-vigorous-female-prothallus-of-hquisetum-at-venscafter-hofmeister-at-aaa-two-barren-and-onefertilised-archegonium-h-root-hairs-x-about-60-fig-4=7-developnent-of-the-embryo-of-huisctum-arvense-after-hofnester-vgtrtcal-section-ofarchegoniim-a-with-elbryoyix-=00-b-a-free-enbryo-further-developed-ukpent-i-j-the-first-shoot-x-=00-c-vertical-section-of-a-lobe-of-a-prothalluswth-a-young-i-its-first-rootb-b-its-leaf-sheaths-x-10-what-is-the-same-thing-th-image340079695.htmlRM2AN7Y3B–Lectures on the physiology of plants . Fig. 426 ertical section of the lobes of a vigorous female prothallus of Hquisetum at-vensc(after Hofmeister). At aaa two barren and onefertilised archegonium; h root-hairs (X about 60). FIG. 4=7.-Developn,ent of the embryo of H.,uisctum arvense (after Hofn.e.ster). -? v>:rt.cal section ofarchegoniim a with e.l.bryoyiX =00). B a free en.bryo further developed: Ö UK.p.ent «- --« i^-^^-J the first shoot (X =00). C vertical section of a lobe of a prothallus//w.th a young i-/«»./;»«. «.its first root,b b its leaf-sheaths (X 10). what is the same thing, th
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