RM2JM598C–Bucharest, Romania, January 1990. Rally in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communist officials that grabbed the power after the Revolution.
RM2JM57P8–Bucharest, Romania, January 1990. Days after the Romanian anti-communist Revolution of 1989, a man passes by a building where someone spray-painted 'Down with communism', an act unthinkable a month prior.
RM2JM598N–Bucharest, Romania, January 1990. Press photographers covering the rallies in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communist officials that grabbed the power after the Revolution.
RM2JM5857–Bucharest, Romania, January 1990. Rally in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communist officials that grabbed the power after the Revolution. Woman with a sign that says 'Out with the compromised teachers'.
RM2JM585J–Bucharest, Romania, January 1990. Rally in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communist officials that grabbed the power after the Revolution. The banner says 'The army asks for the truth. Stay united.'
RM2JPHD5Y–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. The protesters occupied and enclosed a large area in the University Square.
RM2JPHC2J–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. As president Iliescu called them 'golani' (hooligans), the protesters proudly adopted the term, and wore it as a badge.
RM2JPHCBX–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. As president Iliescu called them 'golani' (hooligans), the protesters proudly adopted the term, and wore it as a badge.
RM2JPHC4W–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. As president Iliescu called them 'golani' (hooligans), the protesters proudly adopted the term, and wore it as a badge.
RM2JPHCHE–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. As president Iliescu called them 'golani' (hooligans), the protesters proudly adopted the term, and wore it as a badge.
RM2JPHCBH–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. The protesters occupied and enclosed a large area in the University Square. The banner says 'Romania's neo-communism free zone'.
RM2JM57T6–Bucharest, Romania, January 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution. In this picture, the rose, symbol of the new party in power, F.S.N., was tied to the Communist Party booklet.
RM2JM58F7–Bucharest, Romania, May 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution. In this picture, a young man is holding the Romanian flag with the Socialist emblem cut off, an anti-communist symbol during the revolution.
RM2JPHC29–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. As president Iliescu called them 'golani' (hooligans), the protesters proudly adopted the term, and wore it as a badge. This banner says 'Respect for the free hooligans'
RM2JPHC32–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. A father is carrying his baby, tagged as a 'destabilizing element'. This came after the state-controlled media called the protesters various injurious names.
RM2JPHDAP–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. As president Iliescu called them 'golani' (hooligans), the protesters proudly adopted the term, and wore it as a badge. This elderly countryman is wearing a tag saying 'Romanian hooligan'.
RM2JPHBYX–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. As president Iliescu called them 'golani' (hooligans), the protesters proudly adopted the term, and wore it as a badge. This elderly countryman is wearing a tag saying 'Romanian hooligan'.
RM2JPHC7J–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. As president Iliescu called them 'golani' (hooligans), the protesters proudly adopted the term, and wore it as a badge. This woman is wearing a tag saying 'Elderly hooligan'.
RM2JPHCDR–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. As president Iliescu called them 'golani' (hooligans), the protesters proudly adopted the term, and wore it as a badge. This woman is wearing a tag saying 'Engineer hooligan'.
RM2JPHC0J–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. As president Iliescu called them 'golani' (hooligans), the protesters proudly adopted the term, and wore it as a badge. This people are holding a banner saying 'Hooligans of the country, unite!'
RM2JPHCEA–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. As president Iliescu called them 'golani' (hooligans), the protesters proudly adopted the term, and wore it as a badge. This woman is wearing a poster saying 'The hooligans studying Medicine are allergic to neocommunists '.
RM2JPHCC9–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. As president Iliescu called them 'golani' (hooligans), the protesters proudly adopted the term, and wore it as a badge. In the second row, a banner says 'Hooligans of the country, unite!'
RM2JPHCB4–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. The main demand was that no former party member would be allowed to run in the elections of May 20th. As president Iliescu called them 'golani' (hooligans), the protesters proudly adopted the term, and wore it as a badge.
RM2JM58T9–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution. The main demand was that no former party member would be allowed to run in the elections of May 20th. The Romanian flag with the Socialist emblem cut off was an anti-communist symbol during the revolution.
RM2JPHD5B–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. As president Iliescu called them 'golani' (hooligans), the protesters proudly adopted the term, and wore it as a badge. People were following the news more than ever before, as the number of publications exploded after the revolution.
RM2JM58EY–Bucharest, Romania, January 1990. Rally in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communist officials that grabbed the power after the Revolution. The Romanian flag with the Socialist emblem cut off was an anti-communist symbol during the revolution. Banners saying 'Our heroes, we will never forget you', 'Freedom will triumph', 'Down with the new censorship', 'We want assurances for free elections', 'Thank you, Radio Free Europe'.
RM2JPHC5E–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. The large poster says 'Comrade Ion Iliescu we do not trust him'. Iliescu, a former communist official, became the provisional president after the Revolution and was eventually elected president in the contested elections of May 1990.
RM2JM58M4–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution. The main demand was that no former party member would be allowed to run in the elections of May 20th. In this picture, a boy is waving the Romanian flag with the Socialist emblem cut off, an anti-communist symbol during the revolution.
RM2JM58KX–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution. The main demand was that no former party member would be allowed to run in the elections of May 20th. In this picture, a boy is waving the Romanian flag with the Socialist emblem cut off, an anti-communist symbol during the revolution.
RM2JPHC9J–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. The banner says 'Long live the Communist Party, leaded by Ion Iliescu'. Iliescu, a former communist official, became the provisional president after the Revolution and was eventually elected president in the contested elections of May 1990.
RM2JPHC7A–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. As president Iliescu called them 'golani' (hooligans), the protesters proudly adopted the term, and wore it as a badge. This man is wearing a picture showing himself as a wounded 'hooligan' during the revolution, being taken care of by a 'hooligan doctor'.
RM2JM57NW–Bucharest, Romania, January 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution. In this picture, the rose, symbol of the new party in power, F.S.N., is associated with the communist symbol. A large hand was tied so it won't be able to make the victory sign, alluding that the victory in the revolution was stolen from the people.
RM2JPHC7T–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. The main demand was that no former party member would be allowed to run in the elections of May 20th. On the sign, one wrote 'Jos Iliescu' (Down with Iliescu). Iliescu, a former communist official, became the provisional president after the Revolution and was eventually elected president in the contested elections of May 1990.
RM2JPHC85–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. The main demand was that no former party member would be allowed to run in the elections of May 20th. On the sign, one wrote 'Jos Iliescu' (Down with Iliescu). Iliescu, a former communist official, became the provisional president after the Revolution and was eventually elected president in the contested elections of May 1990.
RM2JM58FB–Bucharest, Romania, June 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution.
RM2JM58MB–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution. The main demand was that no former party member would be allowed to run in the elections of May 20th.
RM2JPHD9F–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. The main demand was that no former party member would be allowed to run in the elections of May 20th.
RM2JM585E–Bucharest, Romania, May 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution. The main demand was that no former party member would be allowed to run in the elections of May 20th.
RM2JM598J–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution. The main demand was that no former party member would be allowed to run in the elections of May 20th.
RM2JPHDBK–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. The balcony of the University building became 'the platform for democracy', used to address the crowd.
RM2JPHC9Y–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. The main demand was that no former party member would be allowed to run in the elections of May 20th.
RM2JPHC3H–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. The balcony of the University building became 'the platform for democracy', used to address the crowd.
RM2JPHC08–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. This banner says 'The Hooligans' League, founded by comrade Iliescu in April 24, 1990'
RM2JPHCA8–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. The main demand was that no former party member would be allowed to run in the elections of May 20th. The banner says 'The people's alliance'.
RM2JPHCHT–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. The balcony of the University building became 'the platform for democracy', used to address the crowd.
RM2JPHC5W–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. The main demand was that no former party member would be allowed to run in the elections of May 20th. The banner says 'Romania's neo-communism free zone'.
RM2JPHBYJ–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily, some staying overnight, to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. Two young men are resting in the square, with the newspaper 'Free Romania' between them.
RM2JM57EH–Bucharest, Romania, May 1990. Police forces during 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution.
RM2JM58KP–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution. The main demand was that no former party member would be allowed to run in the elections of May 20th.
RM2JM57F1–Bucharest, Romania, May 1990. Police forces during 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution.
RM2JM58FJ–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution. The main demand was that no former party member would be allowed to run in the elections of May 20th.
RM2JM57HX–Bucharest, Romania, May 1990. Police forces during 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution.
RM2JM57F7–Bucharest, Romania, May 1990. Police forces during 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution.
RM2JM57J3–Bucharest, Romania, May 1990. Police forces during 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution.
RM2JM57ER–Bucharest, Romania, May 1990. Police forces during 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution.
RM2JK2E3K–Bucharest, Romania, May 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution. The main demand was that no former party member would be allowed to run in the elections of May 20th. In this picture, taken in the days following the elections, people are literally camping in the square in protest of the 'rigged' elections. A banner says 'They did not died for Perestroika'.
RM2JPHBW7–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. Various posters were hanging by the University building.
RM2JPHC74–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. The balcony of the University building became 'the platform for democracy', used to address the crowd. The banner says 'Romania's neo-communism free zone'.
RM2JPHBWE–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. Various posters were hanging by the University building.
RM2JPHCDC–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. The main demand was that no former party member would be allowed to run in the elections of May 20th, as stated in the large banner in the University building.
RM2JK2E3G–Bucharest, Romania, May 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution. The main demand was that no former party member would be allowed to run in the elections of May 20th.
RM2JPHCEK–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. The balcony of the University building became 'the platform for democracy', used to address the crowd. The banner says 'Romania's neo-communism free zone'.
RM2JPHC56–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. The banner shows the hand of the party in power, F.S.N., manipulating the public television.
RM2JM57TD–Bucharest, Romania, January 1990. A banner hanging in the University Square says 'There is no democracy without truth', weeks after the anticommunist revolution of December 1989, as ex-communist officials grabbed the power.
RM2JK2E37–Bucharest, Romania, May 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution. The main demand was that no former party member would be allowed to run in the elections of May 20th. President Iliescu called the protesters 'golani' (hooligans). In this picture, a banner says 'The hooligans in Bucharest greet the hooligans in Timisoara'.
RM2JR138W–Bucharest, Romania, May 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution. The main demand was that no former party member would be allowed to run in the elections of May 20th. In this picture, taken in the days following the elections, people are literally camping in the square in protest of the 'rigged' elections.
RM2JR1393–Bucharest, Romania, May 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution. The main demand was that no former party member would be allowed to run in the elections of May 20th. In this picture, taken in the days following the elections, people are literally camping in the square in protest of the 'rigged' elections.
RM2JR13AY–Bucharest, Romania, May 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution. The main demand was that no former party member would be allowed to run in the elections of May 20th. In this picture, taken in the days following the elections, people are literally camping in the square in protest of the 'rigged' elections.
RM2JK2E60–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. People gathered in the University Square during 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People were protesting the ex-communists that grabbed the power after the Revolution. The main demand was that no former party member would be allowed to run in the elections of May 20th.
RM2JR139P–Bucharest, Romania, May 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution. Some people were camping in the square, staying there for weeks on end. The banner on this tent says: 'Different wolves, same pack', referring to F.S.N., the new party in power.
RM2JK2E95–Los Angeles, CA, USA, December 1989. Members of the Romanian community showing their support during the anticommunist revolution in Romania.
RM2JK2E3E–Bucharest, Romania, May 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution. The main demand was that no former party member would be allowed to run in the elections of May 20th. In this image, one wrote 'Jos Iliescu' (Down with Iliescu) on a street sign. Iliescu, a former communist official, became the provisional president after the Revolution and was eventually elected president in the contested elections of May 1990.
RM2JM57JC–Bucharest, Romania, January 1990. 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in the University Square following the Romanian Revolution of 1989. People would gather daily to protest the ex-communists that took the power after the Revolution. In the center-right, writer Mircea Santimbreanu.
RM2JK2E66–Bucharest, Romania, approx. 1991. Romanian writer & political figure Stelian Tanase speaking during a political rally organized by the Civic Alliance Foundation.
RM2HNH40R–Bucharest, Romania, April 1990. Journalist Ion Longin Popescu in front of the famous balcony of the University building, during 'Golaniada', a major anti-communism protest in Piata Universitatii, following the Romanian Revolution of 1989.
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