Mycelium bacteria Black and White Stock Photos & Images

. Microbes, ferments and moulds . Bacteria; Fungi; Fermentation. 62 MICEOBES, FEEMENTS, AND MOULDS. of soda, which neutralizes the acidity of the saliva. It is, above all, essential that the feeding-bottle, all the utensils employed for the infant, and the infant itself, should be kept perfectly clean; and, unfortu- nately, this condition is too rarely fulfilled, especially. Fig. 34.—OiAium albicans^ or Saccharomyces mycoderma; d, much-branched myce- lium ; g, chaplet or torula of spores, giving birtli at/, k to the mycelium. among the working classes in towns, and districts in which children Stock Photo

RMRDHTK3–. Microbes, ferments and moulds . Bacteria; Fungi; Fermentation. 62 MICEOBES, FEEMENTS, AND MOULDS. of soda, which neutralizes the acidity of the saliva. It is, above all, essential that the feeding-bottle, all the utensils employed for the infant, and the infant itself, should be kept perfectly clean; and, unfortu- nately, this condition is too rarely fulfilled, especially. Fig. 34.—OiAium albicans^ or Saccharomyces mycoderma; d, much-branched myce- lium ; g, chaplet or torula of spores, giving birtli at/, k to the mycelium. among the working classes in towns, and districts in which children

RF2HNF69K–Blood test Simple vector icon. Illustration symbol design template for web mobile UI element.

. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 3'54 DIVISION III.—MODE OF LIFE OF THE FDNGI. perforation of the-wall every trace of the proceeding has disappeared with the exception of a small projection which attaches the tube within the cell to the place of entrance. The tube now grows and ramifies inside the epidermal cell, and ultimately pierces through the inner wall of the cell and developes a mycelium in the tissue beneath it (Fig- 164). The majority of the intracellular Chytridieae, especially the Synchytr Stock Photo

RMPG4GXY–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 3'54 DIVISION III.—MODE OF LIFE OF THE FDNGI. perforation of the-wall every trace of the proceeding has disappeared with the exception of a small projection which attaches the tube within the cell to the place of entrance. The tube now grows and ramifies inside the epidermal cell, and ultimately pierces through the inner wall of the cell and developes a mycelium in the tissue beneath it (Fig- 164). The majority of the intracellular Chytridieae, especially the Synchytr

RF2FN3B2M–Mold icon isolated on white. Round mildew mycelium. Grey round fungal mucor surface. Condensation, damp, high humidity and respiratory problems.Vector

Practical dairy bacteriology, prepared for the use of students, dairymen, and all interested in the problems of the relation of milk to public health . FIG. II—MOLD SHOWING THREADS OF THE MYCELIUM (MAGNIFIED) Single celled plants, multiplying BY BUDDING. (Fig. 7) YEASTS Single celled plants, multiplying BY DIVISION. (Fig. 3) BACTERIA 1 Other fungi, like muslirooins, would belong here, but play no part indairying, and may here be neglected. WHAT ARE BACTERIA? 13 BACTERIA Spherical Bacteria: Dividing in one plain so as to form chains. (Fig. 3, d) Streptococcus Dividing in two plains and not form Stock Photo

RM2AKM9ER–Practical dairy bacteriology, prepared for the use of students, dairymen, and all interested in the problems of the relation of milk to public health . FIG. II—MOLD SHOWING THREADS OF THE MYCELIUM (MAGNIFIED) Single celled plants, multiplying BY BUDDING. (Fig. 7) YEASTS Single celled plants, multiplying BY DIVISION. (Fig. 3) BACTERIA 1 Other fungi, like muslirooins, would belong here, but play no part indairying, and may here be neglected. WHAT ARE BACTERIA? 13 BACTERIA Spherical Bacteria: Dividing in one plain so as to form chains. (Fig. 3, d) Streptococcus Dividing in two plains and not form

. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. AECIDIUM-FORMS. 407. iu the growth of the wood disturbs the elements, so that they are irregularly developed and more or less twisted.^ A mycelium inhabits the tissues of abnormal twigs and cankered swellings. It grows in the . intercellular spaces of the rind, between the bast cells and outer parts of the wood, and derives nutriment by means of haustoria; these either bore through the cell-walls, or only press clos Stock Photo

RMPG4ARX–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. AECIDIUM-FORMS. 407. iu the growth of the wood disturbs the elements, so that they are irregularly developed and more or less twisted.^ A mycelium inhabits the tissues of abnormal twigs and cankered swellings. It grows in the . intercellular spaces of the rind, between the bast cells and outer parts of the wood, and derives nutriment by means of haustoria; these either bore through the cell-walls, or only press clos

Essentials of bacteriology; being a concise and systematic introduction to the study of bacteria and allied microörganisms . ia g-ndculture-media. Form.—From the mycelium, hyphas spring which divideinto basidia (branches), from which tiny filaments arise(sterigmata), arranged like a brush or tuft. On each sterigmaa little bead or conidium forms, which is the spore. In thisparticular fungus the spores m mass appear green. Growth.—It develops only at ordinary temperatures, form-ing thick, grayish-green molds on bread-mash. At first theseappear white, but as soon as the spores form, the green pr Stock Photo

RM2AWTMDR–Essentials of bacteriology; being a concise and systematic introduction to the study of bacteria and allied microörganisms . ia g-ndculture-media. Form.—From the mycelium, hyphas spring which divideinto basidia (branches), from which tiny filaments arise(sterigmata), arranged like a brush or tuft. On each sterigmaa little bead or conidium forms, which is the spore. In thisparticular fungus the spores m mass appear green. Growth.—It develops only at ordinary temperatures, form-ing thick, grayish-green molds on bread-mash. At first theseappear white, but as soon as the spores form, the green pr

. Bacteria, yeasts and molds in the home. Bacteriology; Yeast fungi; Molds (Fungi). Fig. II. Altemarid, a com- mon mold found upon apples. Mycelium shown at a, and en- larged fruiting bodies at b.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Conn, H. W. (Herbert William), b. 1859. Boston, New York, Ginn and Company Stock Photo

RMPG2RH2–. Bacteria, yeasts and molds in the home. Bacteriology; Yeast fungi; Molds (Fungi). Fig. II. Altemarid, a com- mon mold found upon apples. Mycelium shown at a, and en- larged fruiting bodies at b.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Conn, H. W. (Herbert William), b. 1859. Boston, New York, Ginn and Company

. Microbes, ferments and moulds . Bacteria; Fungi; Fermentation. 28 MICROBES, FERMENTS, AND MOULDS. cells is larger than the other, and persists alone up to the moment when the oospore is mature. It must, therefore, be regarded, as the female cell; while the. Fig, 15.—Reproductive organs of Mucor mucedo (much magnified). other, which is smaller and soon withers away, is the male cell. The mycelium of the oomycetes is developed in a more or less liquid medium, like all other decomposing and putrefying substances. The ordinary spores are. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned Stock Photo

RMRDJ5CR–. Microbes, ferments and moulds . Bacteria; Fungi; Fermentation. 28 MICROBES, FERMENTS, AND MOULDS. cells is larger than the other, and persists alone up to the moment when the oospore is mature. It must, therefore, be regarded, as the female cell; while the. Fig, 15.—Reproductive organs of Mucor mucedo (much magnified). other, which is smaller and soon withers away, is the male cell. The mycelium of the oomycetes is developed in a more or less liquid medium, like all other decomposing and putrefying substances. The ordinary spores are. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned

RMPG42J1–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. NECTRIA. 187 grown over in course of time by the activity of neighbour- ing living tissues, but the rapid development of the mycelium of this Nectria prevents any such healing, and brings about death of more bark. As a result the so-called '" cankers" are. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance o

RMRDCERM–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 3'54 DIVISION III.—MODE OF LIFE OF THE FDNGI. perforation of the-wall every trace of the proceeding has disappeared with the exception of a small projection which attaches the tube within the cell to the place of entrance. The tube now grows and ramifies inside the epidermal cell, and ultimately pierces through the inner wall of the cell and developes a mycelium in the tissue beneath it (Fig- 164). The majority of the intracellular Chytridieae, especially the Synchytr

RMPG42X0–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 130 PHYCOMYCETES. wet season is very favourable to it. The mycelium is non- septate and spreads through the intercellular spaces of the host, nourished by button-like haustoria sunk into the host-cells. The antheridium comes into contact with the oogonium by a fertilization tube, which, however, remains closed. The oospores hibernate in leaves and fruit. Frevention} Ammoniacal copper carbonate solution, eau celeste,

. A text-book of bacteriology. Bacteriology. BACTERIA I THE AIR. G15 are borne upon projecting pedicles by which they are removed from the moist material upon which and in which the mycelium develops (Fig. 186), and, being dry, are easily carried away by currents of air. Bacteriologists have given much attention to the study of the mi- croorganisms suspended in the atmosphere, with especial reference to hygienic questions. The methods and results of these investigations will be considered in the present section. Pasteur (1860) demonstrated the presence of living bacteria in the atmosphere by Stock Photo

RMRE22AD–. A text-book of bacteriology. Bacteriology. BACTERIA I THE AIR. G15 are borne upon projecting pedicles by which they are removed from the moist material upon which and in which the mycelium develops (Fig. 186), and, being dry, are easily carried away by currents of air. Bacteriologists have given much attention to the study of the mi- croorganisms suspended in the atmosphere, with especial reference to hygienic questions. The methods and results of these investigations will be considered in the present section. Pasteur (1860) demonstrated the presence of living bacteria in the atmosphere by

. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. Fig. 155. Ctathrus cancellattts. Young compound sporophore in median longitudinal, section. f» mycelium, r, r sections through the strands of the receptaculum, surrounding the gleba, which is shaded. Further explanation in the text. The figure is diagrammatic after Tulasne's and Berkelej-'s drawings. Natural size.. Fig. 156. Clathrus cancettatus. Mature specimen; the receptaculum with comparatively narrow fissures has issued from the ruptured peridium. Sketched from a Stock Photo

RMPG2AJ9–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. Fig. 155. Ctathrus cancellattts. Young compound sporophore in median longitudinal, section. f» mycelium, r, r sections through the strands of the receptaculum, surrounding the gleba, which is shaded. Further explanation in the text. The figure is diagrammatic after Tulasne's and Berkelej-'s drawings. Natural size.. Fig. 156. Clathrus cancettatus. Mature specimen; the receptaculum with comparatively narrow fissures has issued from the ruptured peridium. Sketched from a

. Microbes, ferments and moulds . Bacteria; Fungi; Fermentation. PARASITIC FUNGI AND MOULDS. 13 In this case, the spores or seeds are developed in the cells of the mycelium itself. This latter mode of reproduction also occurs in the higher fungi, which therefore possess two modes,of reproduction and two kinds of spores: exogenous spores, which are externally developed, as we see on the hymenium (Fig. 2); and endogenous or internal spores, which are developed in the mycelium (Fig. 4). These spores not only differ in the site of their origin, but also in their form, size, structure, and in the e Stock Photo

RMRDJ5FE–. Microbes, ferments and moulds . Bacteria; Fungi; Fermentation. PARASITIC FUNGI AND MOULDS. 13 In this case, the spores or seeds are developed in the cells of the mycelium itself. This latter mode of reproduction also occurs in the higher fungi, which therefore possess two modes,of reproduction and two kinds of spores: exogenous spores, which are externally developed, as we see on the hymenium (Fig. 2); and endogenous or internal spores, which are developed in the mycelium (Fig. 4). These spores not only differ in the site of their origin, but also in their form, size, structure, and in the e

. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER I.—HISTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS. II later. Both the old mycelium and the walls of the perithecia of Eurotium are marked by a similar reddish yellow or golden yellow covering. Calcium oxalate is a substance so generally found in the Fungi that it is quite unnecessary to enumerate instances of its occurrence. I have noticed its absence in the Peronosporeae, in many Hyphomycetes, in species of Bovista and Lycoperdon, and in some Lichens which will be mentioned in Stock Photo

RMPG4FP0–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER I.—HISTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS. II later. Both the old mycelium and the walls of the perithecia of Eurotium are marked by a similar reddish yellow or golden yellow covering. Calcium oxalate is a substance so generally found in the Fungi that it is quite unnecessary to enumerate instances of its occurrence. I have noticed its absence in the Peronosporeae, in many Hyphomycetes, in species of Bovista and Lycoperdon, and in some Lichens which will be mentioned in

. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. 486 DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS FUNGI AND BACTERIA Fungi and bacteria are devoid of chlorophyll, therefore they cannot utilize the carbon of the air and are dependent, for their carbon supply, upon this element as elaborated by some other organism. When they take this food (often other nutrients as well) from living plants or animals, they become parasites, and if. Fig. 207. — Apple cells invaded by the mycelium of Volutella. OrigiDal. their thievery becomes considerable, a condition of disease is pro- duced. By growing in the plant body they may Stock Photo

RMRDEG4A–. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. 486 DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS FUNGI AND BACTERIA Fungi and bacteria are devoid of chlorophyll, therefore they cannot utilize the carbon of the air and are dependent, for their carbon supply, upon this element as elaborated by some other organism. When they take this food (often other nutrients as well) from living plants or animals, they become parasites, and if. Fig. 207. — Apple cells invaded by the mycelium of Volutella. OrigiDal. their thievery becomes considerable, a condition of disease is pro- duced. By growing in the plant body they may

RMPG4AR4–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 412 UPIEDINEAE. with resin, and as the same process goes on in bast and rind, the turpentine overflows from fissures or wounds in the bark. During the summer the mycelium grows amongst the dividing cambium-cells and kills them. Where this occurs the year-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these il

. Bacteria in relation to soil fertility. Soil microbiology; Bacteriology, Agricultural. SHAPE OF MICROORGANISMS 35 toward the bacteria which are invading the body of the individual who is suffering with boils. Molds,—^The body of a mold is composed of numerous cells, whereas the bodies of bacteria and yeasts are single cells. The thread-like processes which compose their body are known as mycelia (singular, mycelium). The individual threads are called hyphae. In the molds there is a division of la- bor. Some threads serve for the taking up of nu- trients and are called vegetative hyphae/ the Stock Photo

RMRD8X17–. Bacteria in relation to soil fertility. Soil microbiology; Bacteriology, Agricultural. SHAPE OF MICROORGANISMS 35 toward the bacteria which are invading the body of the individual who is suffering with boils. Molds,—^The body of a mold is composed of numerous cells, whereas the bodies of bacteria and yeasts are single cells. The thread-like processes which compose their body are known as mycelia (singular, mycelium). The individual threads are called hyphae. In the molds there is a division of la- bor. Some threads serve for the taking up of nu- trients and are called vegetative hyphae/ the

. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—VREDINEAE. 279 Section LXXX. In the second and much most common case the gena-tube of the aecidiospores does not become a promycelium, but forces its way by acropetal growth through a stoma into the interior of the host, and there developes directly into a mycelium. The mycelium ultimately forms gonidia on distinct hymenia and always by acrogenous abjunction ; and the gonidia, which can germinate either directly or after a period of rest Stock Photo

RMPG3CCE–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—VREDINEAE. 279 Section LXXX. In the second and much most common case the gena-tube of the aecidiospores does not become a promycelium, but forces its way by acropetal growth through a stoma into the interior of the host, and there developes directly into a mycelium. The mycelium ultimately forms gonidia on distinct hymenia and always by acrogenous abjunction ; and the gonidia, which can germinate either directly or after a period of rest

RMRDC24Y–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. NECTRIA. 187 grown over in course of time by the activity of neighbour- ing living tissues, but the rapid development of the mycelium of this Nectria prevents any such healing, and brings about death of more bark. As a result the so-called '" cankers" are. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance o

RMPG40H9–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—ASCOMYCETES.—ASCOBOLUS. 207 a series of simple apparently similar cells rich in protoplasm which grow to be about as long as broad, and then a preliminary cessation of this growth takes place. Slender branches which spring from the mycelium near the archicarp, and also branch, themselves, now grow in the direction of the archicarp and apply themselves and their branches closely to its free extremity (Fig. 95 /). They behave in this respe

. A text-book upon the pathogenic Bacteria and Protozoa for students of medicine and physicians. Bacteriology; Pathogenic bacteria; Protozoa. 42 Structure and Classification of Micro-organisms THE MOLDS, BRANCHED FUNGI OR HYPHOMYCETES In this group it is customary to place a miscellaneous collection of organisms having in common the formation of a well-marked mycelium, but being so diversified in other respects as to place them in widely separated groups in the systematic arrangement of the ^^,^.^-=^. Fig. lo.—Oidium, showing the various vegetative and reproductive elements. :| X 3 so (Grawitz Stock Photo

RMRE0HY3–. A text-book upon the pathogenic Bacteria and Protozoa for students of medicine and physicians. Bacteriology; Pathogenic bacteria; Protozoa. 42 Structure and Classification of Micro-organisms THE MOLDS, BRANCHED FUNGI OR HYPHOMYCETES In this group it is customary to place a miscellaneous collection of organisms having in common the formation of a well-marked mycelium, but being so diversified in other respects as to place them in widely separated groups in the systematic arrangement of the ^^,^.^-=^. Fig. lo.—Oidium, showing the various vegetative and reproductive elements. :| X 3 so (Grawitz

. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 3o8 DIVISION II.—COVRSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGI. Gastromycetes. Section LXXXIX. The Gastromycetes include the chief groups of the Hyme- nogastreae, Lyeoperdaceae, TTidularieae, and Fhalloideae; to these are joined a few smaller divisions composed partly of forms intermediate between them and partly of divergent genera and some small groups. The compound sporophores in these Fungi spring from a simple filamentous or from a compound mycelium (see page 2 2). They are for Stock Photo

RMPG1R9J–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 3o8 DIVISION II.—COVRSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGI. Gastromycetes. Section LXXXIX. The Gastromycetes include the chief groups of the Hyme- nogastreae, Lyeoperdaceae, TTidularieae, and Fhalloideae; to these are joined a few smaller divisions composed partly of forms intermediate between them and partly of divergent genera and some small groups. The compound sporophores in these Fungi spring from a simple filamentous or from a compound mycelium (see page 2 2). They are for

RMRDCT0G–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—ASCOMYCETES.—ASCOBOLUS. 207 a series of simple apparently similar cells rich in protoplasm which grow to be about as long as broad, and then a preliminary cessation of this growth takes place. Slender branches which spring from the mycelium near the archicarp, and also branch, themselves, now grow in the direction of the archicarp and apply themselves and their branches closely to its free extremity (Fig. 95 /). They behave in this respe

RMPG42KW–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. SPHAEROTHECA. 173 Sphaerotheca (Podosphaera) castagnei Lev. (Britain and U.S. America). The Hop-mildew. The mycelium is found on all parts of hop-plants, causing considerable damage, especially when it attacks the young inflorescences. The perithecia have recumbent, brown, simple appendages. This species appears chiefly on various Compositae, Eosaceae (esp. Spiraea Ulmaria), Gucurbitaceae, Geraniaceae, etc. Sorauer

RMRDCEW4–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. Fig. 155. Ctathrus cancellattts. Young compound sporophore in median longitudinal, section. f» mycelium, r, r sections through the strands of the receptaculum, surrounding the gleba, which is shaded. Further explanation in the text. The figure is diagrammatic after Tulasne's and Berkelej-'s drawings. Natural size.. Fig. 156. Clathrus cancettatus. Mature specimen; the receptaculum with comparatively narrow fissures has issued from the ruptured peridium. Sketched from a

. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. M DIVISION I,—GENERAL MORPHOLOGY. end. Agaricus melleus is chiefly a parasite on living European Abietineae (see Division III). It makes its way into the roots or the base of the stem beneath the ground, and the mycelium spreads in the cambium zone and in the young bast, forming. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly Stock Photo

RMPG4FCY–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. M DIVISION I,—GENERAL MORPHOLOGY. end. Agaricus melleus is chiefly a parasite on living European Abietineae (see Division III). It makes its way into the roots or the base of the stem beneath the ground, and the mycelium spreads in the cambium zone and in the young bast, forming. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly

RMRDD27J–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. M DIVISION I,—GENERAL MORPHOLOGY. end. Agaricus melleus is chiefly a parasite on living European Abietineae (see Division III). It makes its way into the roots or the base of the stem beneath the ground, and the mycelium spreads in the cambium zone and in the young bast, forming. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly

RMPG4B7K–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 314 USTILAGINEAE. epispore, and the clusters appear black or leaden-grey. Ger- mination as in Entyloma. Melanotaenium endoirenum (Unger) (Britain). This is found on Galium MoUiigo and G. verum. The mycelium permeates the whole intercellular system of the host, and is nourished by large tufted haustoria. The host-plants remain small, with shortened internodes, shrunk leaves, and undeveloped flowers. The spores occur

RMRDD7YN–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 314 USTILAGINEAE. epispore, and the clusters appear black or leaden-grey. Ger- mination as in Entyloma. Melanotaenium endoirenum (Unger) (Britain). This is found on Galium MoUiigo and G. verum. The mycelium permeates the whole intercellular system of the host, and is nourished by large tufted haustoria. The host-plants remain small, with shortened internodes, shrunk leaves, and undeveloped flowers. The spores occur

RMPG42NH–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 166 ASCOMYCETES. This is supported by Smith's investigations, in which an an- atomical comparison of diseased twigs of peach and almond showed no difference in the pathological effects. Exoascus crataegi Puck, occurs on Crataegus Oxyacantha^ and causes red swellings on the leaves and flowers, accom- panied by hypertrophy of shoots in which the mycelium perennates. Exoascus Tosquinetii (West). The deformation caused

RMRDDWK1–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 130 PHYCOMYCETES. wet season is very favourable to it. The mycelium is non- septate and spreads through the intercellular spaces of the host, nourished by button-like haustoria sunk into the host-cells. The antheridium comes into contact with the oogonium by a fertilization tube, which, however, remains closed. The oospores hibernate in leaves and fruit. Frevention} Ammoniacal copper carbonate solution, eau celeste,

RMPG0R68–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. CYSTOPUS. 123 Cystopus (Albugo). The mycelium is branched and grows between the cells of living plants, obtaining its nourishment by means of haustoria. The conidial cushions rupture the epidermis of the host. The conidia or sporangia are smooth-coated, and are produced acropetally in chains on short stalks from which they fall off separately when ripe. The sporangia germinate and discharge. Fig. 33.—Cystopvs candid

RMRDC28E–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. SPHAEROTHECA. 173 Sphaerotheca (Podosphaera) castagnei Lev. (Britain and U.S. America). The Hop-mildew. The mycelium is found on all parts of hop-plants, causing considerable damage, especially when it attacks the young inflorescences. The perithecia have recumbent, brown, simple appendages. This species appears chiefly on various Compositae, Eosaceae (esp. Spiraea Ulmaria), Gucurbitaceae, Geraniaceae, etc. Sorauer

RMPFTPPN–. Bacteria in relation to soil fertility. Soil microbiology; Bacteriology, Agricultural. SHAPE OF MICROORGANISMS 35 toward the bacteria which are invading the body of the individual who is suffering with boils. Molds,—^The body of a mold is composed of numerous cells, whereas the bodies of bacteria and yeasts are single cells. The thread-like processes which compose their body are known as mycelia (singular, mycelium). The individual threads are called hyphae. In the molds there is a division of la- bor. Some threads serve for the taking up of nu- trients and are called vegetative hyphae/ the

RMRDD28A–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER I.—HISTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS. II later. Both the old mycelium and the walls of the perithecia of Eurotium are marked by a similar reddish yellow or golden yellow covering. Calcium oxalate is a substance so generally found in the Fungi that it is quite unnecessary to enumerate instances of its occurrence. I have noticed its absence in the Peronosporeae, in many Hyphomycetes, in species of Bovista and Lycoperdon, and in some Lichens which will be mentioned in

RMPG42H2–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. CLAVICEPS. 193 conidiophores. A very sweet fluid, the so-called "houey-dew," is separated from the sphacelia; this attracts insects, which carry the conidia to other flowers. Since the conidia are capable of immediate germination, and give rise to a mycelium which penetrates through the outer coat of the ovary, the disease can be quickly disseminated during the flowering season of the grasses. After the fo

. Microbes, ferments and moulds . Bacteria; Fungi; Fermentation. 58 MICEOBES, FERMENTS, AND MOULDS. we cannot recognize any mycelium, and in this par- ticular they are allied with the ferments, of which we shall speak presently. The fungus consists of round cells, which multiply by budding. De Lanessan regards them as a separate group, to which he gives the name of Microsporese, whUe he designates those parasites of skin covered with hair which possess a distinct mycelium under the name of Trichophyta. The Pelade Fungus.—Pelade is another disease of. Fig. 29.—Pelade fungus: epidet . „. ^ — -S Stock Photo

RMRDHTKW–. Microbes, ferments and moulds . Bacteria; Fungi; Fermentation. 58 MICEOBES, FERMENTS, AND MOULDS. we cannot recognize any mycelium, and in this par- ticular they are allied with the ferments, of which we shall speak presently. The fungus consists of round cells, which multiply by budding. De Lanessan regards them as a separate group, to which he gives the name of Microsporese, whUe he designates those parasites of skin covered with hair which possess a distinct mycelium under the name of Trichophyta. The Pelade Fungus.—Pelade is another disease of. Fig. 29.—Pelade fungus: epidet . „. ^ — -S

RMPG45A0–. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. 486 DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS FUNGI AND BACTERIA Fungi and bacteria are devoid of chlorophyll, therefore they cannot utilize the carbon of the air and are dependent, for their carbon supply, upon this element as elaborated by some other organism. When they take this food (often other nutrients as well) from living plants or animals, they become parasites, and if. Fig. 207. — Apple cells invaded by the mycelium of Volutella. OrigiDal. their thievery becomes considerable, a condition of disease is pro- duced. By growing in the plant body they may

RMRDC22P–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. CLAVICEPS. 193 conidiophores. A very sweet fluid, the so-called "houey-dew," is separated from the sphacelia; this attracts insects, which carry the conidia to other flowers. Since the conidia are capable of immediate germination, and give rise to a mycelium which penetrates through the outer coat of the ovary, the disease can be quickly disseminated during the flowering season of the grasses. After the fo

RMPG4BC8–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 274: ASCOMYCETKS. glutinous; it consists of small eight-spored asci over which project septate paraphyses, and also non-septate paraphyse-like structures which discharge a brown secretion. The ascospores are unicellular, hyaline, and canoe-shaped; on germination they give off a germ-tube which immediately develops into a septate mycelium. The mycelium is found in the intercellular spaces of the rind-parenchyma, but

RMRDC2B6–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 166 ASCOMYCETES. This is supported by Smith's investigations, in which an an- atomical comparison of diseased twigs of peach and almond showed no difference in the pathological effects. Exoascus crataegi Puck, occurs on Crataegus Oxyacantha^ and causes red swellings on the leaves and flowers, accom- panied by hypertrophy of shoots in which the mycelium perennates. Exoascus Tosquinetii (West). The deformation caused

RMPG41Y7–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 446 BASIDIOMYCETES. bark of birch. Spathulate cystidia Spores colourless, and acutely ovate and forming crusts on the occur between the basidia. in shape. This is parasitic on birch. The mycelium kills and permeates the wood-parenchyma which forms the greater mass of the later-formed parts of each year-ring, with the result that the various year-rings of the wood separate from each other as concentric hollow cylinde

RMRDCF8J–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 3o8 DIVISION II.—COVRSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGI. Gastromycetes. Section LXXXIX. The Gastromycetes include the chief groups of the Hyme- nogastreae, Lyeoperdaceae, TTidularieae, and Fhalloideae; to these are joined a few smaller divisions composed partly of forms intermediate between them and partly of divergent genera and some small groups. The compound sporophores in these Fungi spring from a simple filamentous or from a compound mycelium (see page 2 2). They are for

RMPG4BBW–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. USTILAGO. 277 which at first swell up in a gelatinous manner. Spores are formed inside the ultimate ramifications of the mycelium, and as they reach maturity, the membrane loses its gelatinous character, the cells break up, and the spores are set free; they are dispersed as a dry dusty powder after rupture of the tissues. Fig. 14S.—UstUago maydis. The head has been exposed to view by dissecting away the enclosing le

RMRDC160–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 412 UPIEDINEAE. with resin, and as the same process goes on in bast and rind, the turpentine overflows from fissures or wounds in the bark. During the summer the mycelium grows amongst the dividing cambium-cells and kills them. Where this occurs the year-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these il

RMPG0R6Y–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 118 PHYCOMYCETES. first leaflets. The disease is spread during summer by conidia, or swarming cells produced from sporangia. The passage through winter is effected by means of oospores, resulting from fertiliza- tion of an ovum in the oogonium by a fertilization-tube from an aritheridium. The intercellular mycelium is at first nonseptate, later septate, and forms small haustoria. Seedlings of other plants, besides t

RMRDCY9F–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. AECIDIUM-FORMS. 407. iu the growth of the wood disturbs the elements, so that they are irregularly developed and more or less twisted.^ A mycelium inhabits the tissues of abnormal twigs and cankered swellings. It grows in the . intercellular spaces of the rind, between the bast cells and outer parts of the wood, and derives nutriment by means of haustoria; these either bore through the cell-walls, or only press clos

RMPG42AA–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 440 BASIDIOMYCETES. many generally grow near each other. The pores have a torn margin and cystids are frequent between the basidia. The sporophores are common in spruce plantations, and are accompanied by a very characteristic wood-destruction. The wood, in the earlier stages, becomes brownish-yellow and inter- sected by radial and vertical canals filled with a white mycelium (Fig. 270). Gradually, however, it break

RMRDDWN2–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. CYSTOPUS. 123 Cystopus (Albugo). The mycelium is branched and grows between the cells of living plants, obtaining its nourishment by means of haustoria. The conidial cushions rupture the epidermis of the host. The conidia or sporangia are smooth-coated, and are produced acropetally in chains on short stalks from which they fall off separately when ripe. The sporangia germinate and discharge. Fig. 33.—Cystopvs candid

RMPG4AKW–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. STEREUM. 431 !^**l^» ^^1 The very characteristic destruction of oak-wood caused by this fungus was investigated by E. Hartig. The diseased wood has a uniform dark-brown colour, broken at intervals by white rounded spots or hollow cavities; hence it receives the name of " partridge-wood." In the white spots the wood has by the action of the mycelium become transformed into cellulose, the middle lamellae and

RMRDEAC6–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—VREDINEAE. 279 Section LXXX. In the second and much most common case the gena-tube of the aecidiospores does not become a promycelium, but forces its way by acropetal growth through a stoma into the interior of the host, and there developes directly into a mycelium. The mycelium ultimately forms gonidia on distinct hymenia and always by acrogenous abjunction ; and the gonidia, which can germinate either directly or after a period of rest

RMPG4BM7–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. VALSA. 225 where leaves of the alder are dried in summer for use as winter-fodder for goats. In the branches attacked, a mycelium is developed in the vessels of the wood, whereby the supply of water is stopped and the bark dries up. Black lens-shaped stromata arise under the epidermis of the twig and rupture it. The perithecia are produced under the stromata in the bark, and communicate. Fig. 109.— Valsa oxy&tom

. Plant physiology. Plant physiology. 230 PHYSIOLOGY OF GROWTH AND CONFIGURATION oxygen is absorbed by the alkaline pyrogallol, and the bacteria of the inner tube are thus exposed to an atmosphere without oxygen. The form of the plant may also be controlled by the oxygen content of the surroundings. Thus Mucor, a very common mould, develops a much-branched mycelium in the presence of oxygen, and produces vertical sporangiophores that grow up from the mycelium, sometimes attaining a length as great as lo cm. (Fig. 108). If, however, the mycelium is grown in the bottom of a flask filled with bee Stock Photo

RMRDYFXW–. Plant physiology. Plant physiology. 230 PHYSIOLOGY OF GROWTH AND CONFIGURATION oxygen is absorbed by the alkaline pyrogallol, and the bacteria of the inner tube are thus exposed to an atmosphere without oxygen. The form of the plant may also be controlled by the oxygen content of the surroundings. Thus Mucor, a very common mould, develops a much-branched mycelium in the presence of oxygen, and produces vertical sporangiophores that grow up from the mycelium, sometimes attaining a length as great as lo cm. (Fig. 108). If, however, the mycelium is grown in the bottom of a flask filled with bee

RMPG42M6–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 172 ASCOMYCETES. Sphaerotheca pannosa Wallr. (Britain and U.S. America). The Eose-niildew. The mycelium forms a thin white coating on the leaves, and is nourished by lobed haustoria inserted into the epidermal cells. Young leaves or buds when attacked become more or less deformed, their function is interfered with, and death may result. In this way great damage is done in rose-gardens. This parasite also attacks you

. A text-book upon the pathogenic Bacteria and Protozoa for students of medicine and physicians. Bacteriology; Pathogenic bacteria; Protozoa. 8o6 Sporotrichosis their extremities or on branches. They are arranged in cylindrical cuffs about 10 IX in size and in glomeruli. As a matter of fact the spores are readily isolated from one another. They arise one by one in variable numbers along the mycelium, but as a rule in very large quantity in each segment of the thallus. There is no apparent order in their arrangement. So long as it reniains on the filament the spore appears pear-shaped. It is at Stock Photo

RMRE0HBC–. A text-book upon the pathogenic Bacteria and Protozoa for students of medicine and physicians. Bacteriology; Pathogenic bacteria; Protozoa. 8o6 Sporotrichosis their extremities or on branches. They are arranged in cylindrical cuffs about 10 IX in size and in glomeruli. As a matter of fact the spores are readily isolated from one another. They arise one by one in variable numbers along the mycelium, but as a rule in very large quantity in each segment of the thallus. There is no apparent order in their arrangement. So long as it reniains on the filament the spore appears pear-shaped. It is at

RMPG4AMP–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 424 BASIDIOMYCETES. cell-sap. Cells of the parenchyma in flower and stem enlarge to a still greater degree. Intercellular spaces are as a rule obliterated, but when present are filled with a fine mycelium. Wakker gives us further results of the fungoid attack; crystal-glands, normally numerous, are no longer formed, but are replaced to some extent by indistinctly defined crystals of calcium oxalate. Transitory starc

RMRDC0XM–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 440 BASIDIOMYCETES. many generally grow near each other. The pores have a torn margin and cystids are frequent between the basidia. The sporophores are common in spruce plantations, and are accompanied by a very characteristic wood-destruction. The wood, in the earlier stages, becomes brownish-yellow and inter- sected by radial and vertical canals filled with a white mycelium (Fig. 270). Gradually, however, it break

RMPG4AXC–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 394 UREDINEAE. marked swelling on one side only (Fig. 227). In the needle- form the swelling results from increased growth of the rind, with a simultaneous decrease of growth of the wood; in the twig-form the growth of both wood and rind is much increased. With the twig-inhabiting form the medullary rays and wood- parenchyma increase, and at the same time become filled with mycelium (Fig. 228); whereas with the othe

RMRDD723–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 384 UREDINEAE. spores grow on needles and twigs of Coniferae, the aecidia on the leaves of various Eosaeeae (Pomaceae). Five species occur in Germany, but there are many in America. Gymnosporangium clavariaeforme Jacquin. (Britain and U.S. America.) The mycelium of this species perennates in twigs of Juniperus communis. Infection is brought about by aecidiospores. In the following year a swelling of attacked places

RMPG4307–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 30 REACTION OF HOST TO PAKASITIC ATTACK. Still more striking are certain structures resembling witches' brooms, which are produced on Thujopsis dolabrafa in Japan, under the influence of the mycelium of Caeoma deformans (Fig. 8). These consist of leafless non-chlorophyllous axes, dichotomously branched, and with each branch ending in a disc. They arise from shoots or leaves of the Thujopsis where structures of the k

RMRDCY1M–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 498 FUNGI IMPERFECTI. exhibit reddish or yellow spots; therein the mycelium spreads rapidly and gives off tufts of eonidiophores which rupture the epidermis. The eonidiophores are septate, branched, and give off chains of unicellular oval conidia. Meanwhile the affected fruit becomes rotten and gradually shrivels up, it remains, however, hanging on the tree throughout the winter. During. Please note that these image

RMPG4B02–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 384 UREDINEAE. spores grow on needles and twigs of Coniferae, the aecidia on the leaves of various Eosaeeae (Pomaceae). Five species occur in Germany, but there are many in America. Gymnosporangium clavariaeforme Jacquin. (Britain and U.S. America.) The mycelium of this species perennates in twigs of Juniperus communis. Infection is brought about by aecidiospores. In the following year a swelling of attacked places

RMRDC2GX–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. PROTOMYCES. 139 distributing itself through the intercellular spaces, stimulates the parenchyma-cells of the host to growth and cell-division. The. Fig. 45.—Trotomyces macrosporus on leaf-stalk of Aegopodium Podagraria. A, Mycelium and sporangium in the tissue xinder the epidermis. S, Sporangia in stages of development, (v. Tubeuf del.) latter is a secondary process and consists (see Fig. 9) in the formation of exce

RMPG4BRK–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. HERPOTRICHIA. 199 Herpotrichia nigra Hartig.^ This parasite is distinguished by its grey mycelium, which covers and completely envelops twigs and young plants. On the dwarf mountain pine it is not uncommon to find branches bearing patches of blackened needles closely bound together by gossamer threads, the other parts remaining still green and forming a background against which the blackened masses show up prominent

. A text-book upon the pathogenic Bacteria and Protozoa for students of medicine and physicians. Bacteriology; Pathogenic bacteria; Protozoa. 40 Structure and Classification of Micro-organisms THE MOLDS In this group it is customary to place a miscellaneous collection of organisms having in common the formation of a well-marked ^. Fig. 9.—Oidium. (KoUe and Wassermann.) mycelium, but being so diversified in other respects as to place them in widely separated groups in the systematic arrangement of the. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digit Stock Photo

RMRE4JJG–. A text-book upon the pathogenic Bacteria and Protozoa for students of medicine and physicians. Bacteriology; Pathogenic bacteria; Protozoa. 40 Structure and Classification of Micro-organisms THE MOLDS In this group it is customary to place a miscellaneous collection of organisms having in common the formation of a well-marked ^. Fig. 9.—Oidium. (KoUe and Wassermann.) mycelium, but being so diversified in other respects as to place them in widely separated groups in the systematic arrangement of the. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digit

RMPG4300–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 34 REACTION OF HOST TO PAEASITIC ATTACK. Accumulation of starch is described by E. Hartig^ in spruce- needles attacked by Loplwdermium, macrosporum. In the pre- sence of the fungus-mycelium, an increased production and storage of starch takes place at a time when it is being only slowly formed in normal needles. If the needles become diseased during May, a season when they are already full of starch, this remains in

RMRDD7K3–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 372 UREDINEAE. influences young cells attacked by it during their period of growth, whereas cells already in the adult condition remain unaffected. Inside the diseased shoots a well-developed mycelium will be found between the epidermal cells, and nourished by haustoria.. Pig. 203.—Calyptospora Goeppertiana. Section through epidermis and cortical parenchyma of a diseased shoot of Vacdnium. The mycelium is intercellu

RMPG4B2C–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 372 UREDINEAE. influences young cells attacked by it during their period of growth, whereas cells already in the adult condition remain unaffected. Inside the diseased shoots a well-developed mycelium will be found between the epidermal cells, and nourished by haustoria.. Pig. 203.—Calyptospora Goeppertiana. Section through epidermis and cortical parenchyma of a diseased shoot of Vacdnium. The mycelium is intercellu

. Pathogenic micro-organisms. A text-book of microbiology for physicians and students of medicine. (Based upon Williams' Bacteriology). Bacteriology; Pathogenic bacteria. MOLDS AND YEASTS AND DISEASES CAUSED BY THEM 251 Sporotrichtim Schencki.—Schenck, at Baltimore in 1898, de- scribed this parasitic mold which he found in the lesions of a. Pig. 103.—Sporotrichum schenki. Various forms of mycelium with and without conidia. (After Gougerot.) peculiar disease, beginning as a localized ulcer, with later involve- ment of the neighboring lymph glands, in which cold abscesses. Please note that these Stock Photo

RMRE3H0D–. Pathogenic micro-organisms. A text-book of microbiology for physicians and students of medicine. (Based upon Williams' Bacteriology). Bacteriology; Pathogenic bacteria. MOLDS AND YEASTS AND DISEASES CAUSED BY THEM 251 Sporotrichtim Schencki.—Schenck, at Baltimore in 1898, de- scribed this parasitic mold which he found in the lesions of a. Pig. 103.—Sporotrichum schenki. Various forms of mycelium with and without conidia. (After Gougerot.) peculiar disease, beginning as a localized ulcer, with later involve- ment of the neighboring lymph glands, in which cold abscesses. Please note that these

RMPG4AN8–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 418 UREDINEAE. Caeoma. Caeoma abietis-pectinatae Eeess.^ The aecidiospores may be found on the lower surface of young needles of silver fir; the aecidia are yellow elongated cushions situated on either side of the needle mid-rib, and are without peridia. Pycnidia (spermogonia) are pro- duced before the aecidia. The mycelium is septate and intercellular with few haustoria. I have found the fungus fairly abundant on t

RMRDC15G–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. PEEIDERMIUM. 415 branch, the living portions of the ring grow on with increased vigour, and even attempt to close over the injured portion. This irregular growth, continued in many cases for years, pro- duces abnormal cross-sections (Fig. 248). The mycelium grows out centrifugally from diseased spots, so that the wounds continue to enlarge, and the disease becomes easily noticeable on account of the deep channels an

RMPG3T57–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 498 FUNGI IMPERFECTI. exhibit reddish or yellow spots; therein the mycelium spreads rapidly and gives off tufts of eonidiophores which rupture the epidermis. The eonidiophores are septate, branched, and give off chains of unicellular oval conidia. Meanwhile the affected fruit becomes rotten and gradually shrivels up, it remains, however, hanging on the tree throughout the winter. During. Please note that these image

RMRDC0TH–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 446 BASIDIOMYCETES. bark of birch. Spathulate cystidia Spores colourless, and acutely ovate and forming crusts on the occur between the basidia. in shape. This is parasitic on birch. The mycelium kills and permeates the wood-parenchyma which forms the greater mass of the later-formed parts of each year-ring, with the result that the various year-rings of the wood separate from each other as concentric hollow cylinde

RMPG4AR0–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. PEEIDERMIUM. 415 branch, the living portions of the ring grow on with increased vigour, and even attempt to close over the injured portion. This irregular growth, continued in many cases for years, pro- duces abnormal cross-sections (Fig. 248). The mycelium grows out centrifugally from diseased spots, so that the wounds continue to enlarge, and the disease becomes easily noticeable on account of the deep channels an

RMRDC132–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 424 BASIDIOMYCETES. cell-sap. Cells of the parenchyma in flower and stem enlarge to a still greater degree. Intercellular spaces are as a rule obliterated, but when present are filled with a fine mycelium. Wakker gives us further results of the fungoid attack; crystal-glands, normally numerous, are no longer formed, but are replaced to some extent by indistinctly defined crystals of calcium oxalate. Transitory starc

RMPG42W0–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. PROTOMYCES. 139 distributing itself through the intercellular spaces, stimulates the parenchyma-cells of the host to growth and cell-division. The. Fig. 45.—Trotomyces macrosporus on leaf-stalk of Aegopodium Podagraria. A, Mycelium and sporangium in the tissue xinder the epidermis. S, Sporangia in stages of development, (v. Tubeuf del.) latter is a secondary process and consists (see Fig. 9) in the formation of exce

RMRDDWP2–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 118 PHYCOMYCETES. first leaflets. The disease is spread during summer by conidia, or swarming cells produced from sporangia. The passage through winter is effected by means of oospores, resulting from fertiliza- tion of an ovum in the oogonium by a fertilization-tube from an aritheridium. The intercellular mycelium is at first nonseptate, later septate, and forms small haustoria. Seedlings of other plants, besides t

RMPG4BE8–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 258 ASCOMYCETES. conidia germinate and give off long septate hyphae which, follow- ing the course of the pollen-tube, reach the ovary, and soon iill all four loculi with a white mycelium. The growth of this mycelium proceeds from the central axis towards the walls, and forms a hollow sphere open above and below. The diseased berries cannot be distinguished till ripe; then, whereas the normal are red, the diseased ar

. A text-book upon the pathogenic Bacteria and Protozoa for students of medicine and physicians. Bacteriology; Pathogenic bacteria; Protozoa. 46 Structure and Classification of Micro-organisms are included in the group ot fungi imperfecti, and are characterized by a luxuriant tangled septate mycelium, with aerial fruit hyphs, ending in conidiophores, each of which divides into two or three sterigmata, the tip of which forms a chain of rounded spores. The. Fig. 15.—Aspergillus glaucus: A, A portion of the mycelium m, with a con- idiaphore c, and a young perithrecium F, magnified 190 diameters; Stock Photo

RMRE0HX2–. A text-book upon the pathogenic Bacteria and Protozoa for students of medicine and physicians. Bacteriology; Pathogenic bacteria; Protozoa. 46 Structure and Classification of Micro-organisms are included in the group ot fungi imperfecti, and are characterized by a luxuriant tangled septate mycelium, with aerial fruit hyphs, ending in conidiophores, each of which divides into two or three sterigmata, the tip of which forms a chain of rounded spores. The. Fig. 15.—Aspergillus glaucus: A, A portion of the mycelium m, with a con- idiaphore c, and a young perithrecium F, magnified 190 diameters;

RMPG42HK–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. so.—Nectfia ditissuna. Caukci- 011 a stem of Beech, (v. Tubeuf phot.) Fu;. SI.—Nectria ditissima. Canker on Hazel. The place of infection, a partially broken branch-fork. produced. The mycelium, at first gives off tiny unicellular conidia on the bark, then later white cushions bearing fine conidiophores, from which are abjointed multicellular conidia, shaped like a sickle. Infection is brought about by the germ

RMRDD86T–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. USTILAGO. 277 which at first swell up in a gelatinous manner. Spores are formed inside the ultimate ramifications of the mycelium, and as they reach maturity, the membrane loses its gelatinous character, the cells break up, and the spores are set free; they are dispersed as a dry dusty powder after rupture of the tissues. Fig. 14S.—UstUago maydis. The head has been exposed to view by dissecting away the enclosing le

RMPG428N–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. FlG. 270.—Poti/poTus horeaUs. Destruction of FlQ. 271.—Poli/porus horeatis. Later stage Spruce-wood. The white mycelium is present, of destruction.- The Spruce-wood is broken dividiDg the decayed wood into cubical pieces. up into cubical pieces, and the mycelium has (v. Tubeuf phot.) disappeared, (v. Tubeuf phot.) like pieces, particularly evident when the wood is broken (Fig. 271). The cell-walls are dissolved from

RMRDDWX6–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 34 REACTION OF HOST TO PAEASITIC ATTACK. Accumulation of starch is described by E. Hartig^ in spruce- needles attacked by Loplwdermium, macrosporum. In the pre- sence of the fungus-mycelium, an increased production and storage of starch takes place at a time when it is being only slowly formed in normal needles. If the needles become diseased during May, a season when they are already full of starch, this remains in

RMPG4B5H–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 344 UREDINEAE. through the epidermis. The yellow uredospores are abjointed singly from long sporophores; they are unicellular and ovoid, with a thin granular coat beset with germ-pores (Fig. 184). The uredo- spores are easily conveyed to other grass-plants and germinate at once, their germ-tubes entering by a stoma and developing into a mycelium, which can produce a new crop of uredospores in a. Fig. 184.—Puccinia p

RMRDC11D–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. STEREUM. 431 !^**l^» ^^1 The very characteristic destruction of oak-wood caused by this fungus was investigated by E. Hartig. The diseased wood has a uniform dark-brown colour, broken at intervals by white rounded spots or hollow cavities; hence it receives the name of " partridge-wood." In the white spots the wood has by the action of the mycelium become transformed into cellulose, the middle lamellae and

RMPG4BND–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 101.—Tuft of larch needles, the greater number of which are more or less attacked by SphaereUa laricina. (After R. Hartig.) The rod-shaped conidia infect particularly the lower needles of the crown, and three weeks thereafter new conidial cushions. Fig. 102.—SpJiaereUa laricina. Section through a diseased spot on a larch needle. The interior of the leaf is permeated with the intercellular mycelium. Two conidial

RMRDC21N–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. HERPOTRICHIA. 199 Herpotrichia nigra Hartig.^ This parasite is distinguished by its grey mycelium, which covers and completely envelops twigs and young plants. On the dwarf mountain pine it is not uncommon to find branches bearing patches of blackened needles closely bound together by gossamer threads, the other parts remaining still green and forming a background against which the blackened masses show up prominent

RMPG42YT–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. EFFECT OF PARASITIC FUNGI ON CELL-CONTENTS. 35. cellulose and a granulose part, Hartig describes the process thus {Fig. 11). The mycelium of species like Polyporus igniarius gives oft' some ferment which dissolves the starch-grains, by cor- roding them from the outside inwards, so as to form holes and canals similar to those in starch-grains in process of dissolution in the cells of a sprouting potato. In others, e.

. Microbes, ferments and moulds . Bacteria; Fungi; Fermentation. PAEASITIO FUNGI AND MOULDS, 29 very small, and are foiined within a small enlargement (sporangmm) borne on a free hypha of the mycelium. Their succession is constant and numerous as long as the plant is in a favourable medium in which it can flourish. The spores which are found in the same medium germinate, and reproduce a mycelium similar to that from which they had their origin.. Fig. 16.—Reproductive organs of Peronospora calotheea (mncta magniSed). The oospores may be as much as a thousand times larger in volume than ordinary Stock Photo

RMRDJ5CF–. Microbes, ferments and moulds . Bacteria; Fungi; Fermentation. PAEASITIO FUNGI AND MOULDS, 29 very small, and are foiined within a small enlargement (sporangmm) borne on a free hypha of the mycelium. Their succession is constant and numerous as long as the plant is in a favourable medium in which it can flourish. The spores which are found in the same medium germinate, and reproduce a mycelium similar to that from which they had their origin.. Fig. 16.—Reproductive organs of Peronospora calotheea (mncta magniSed). The oospores may be as much as a thousand times larger in volume than ordinary

RMPG40XN–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 504 FUNGI IMPERFECTI. Mastigosporinm. Conidia hyaline and four-celled, frequently bristled. Mastigosporium album Eiess. produces oblong dark spots with light margins on leaves of living grass. The conidia are produced on the margins of the spots (Fig. 308). Fusoma. Similar to Fusarium, but the mycelium is loose and not aggregated into a tuft. Conidia spindle-shaped and septate.. Fig. 309.—Fusoma parasiticum. Dis- ea

RMRDDWXK–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 30 REACTION OF HOST TO PAKASITIC ATTACK. Still more striking are certain structures resembling witches' brooms, which are produced on Thujopsis dolabrafa in Japan, under the influence of the mycelium of Caeoma deformans (Fig. 8). These consist of leafless non-chlorophyllous axes, dichotomously branched, and with each branch ending in a disc. They arise from shoots or leaves of the Thujopsis where structures of the k

RMPG4AGE–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. HYDNUM. 433 Hydnum Schiedermayeri Heufl. (U.S. America). Sporo- phores fleshy, with a sulphur-yellow colour both outside and inside, and with a smell of anise. They occur on living apple-trees, less frequently on other species of Pyrus. Accord- ing to Schroeter, Thiimen, and Ludwig, the mycelium spreads through the stems and kills the trees. Thumen ^ thus describes the diseased wood of the apple: "It has a gree

. Microbes, ferments and moulds . Bacteria; Fungi; Fermentation. VARASITIO FUNGI AND MOULDS. 55 spores, which are continually detached (Fig. 26). The. Fig. 26 Ti-ichnphyton tonsurans on the epidermic layers of a patch of circinnate herpes: a, spores; b, mycelium with luDg articulations; c, mycelium with short articulations ( x 400 diam.). mycelium is often ramified, and penetrates within the epidermic cells, especially at the base of the hairs. It is probably that the parasitic Sycosis which affects the beard, and circinnate herpes, two other skin-diseases, are only varieties of the same disea Stock Photo

RMRDJ5AG–. Microbes, ferments and moulds . Bacteria; Fungi; Fermentation. VARASITIO FUNGI AND MOULDS. 55 spores, which are continually detached (Fig. 26). The. Fig. 26 Ti-ichnphyton tonsurans on the epidermic layers of a patch of circinnate herpes: a, spores; b, mycelium with luDg articulations; c, mycelium with short articulations ( x 400 diam.). mycelium is often ramified, and penetrates within the epidermic cells, especially at the base of the hairs. It is probably that the parasitic Sycosis which affects the beard, and circinnate herpes, two other skin-diseases, are only varieties of the same disea

RMPG4APT–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. FiG. 246.—Fci-idennium pint (corticota). Youug twig bearing numerous aecidia. (v. Tubeuf phot.) Fig. 245.—Peiidei-vihim pini (cortkola). Branch and lateral twigs distinctly swollen where attacked. They also bear aecidia. (v. Tubeuf phot.) ring ceases to thicken, but as the mycelium seldom succeeds during the first year in killing the cambium all round a. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page

RMRDC28W–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 172 ASCOMYCETES. Sphaerotheca pannosa Wallr. (Britain and U.S. America). The Eose-niildew. The mycelium forms a thin white coating on the leaves, and is nourished by lobed haustoria inserted into the epidermal cells. Young leaves or buds when attacked become more or less deformed, their function is interfered with, and death may result. In this way great damage is done in rose-gardens. This parasite also attacks you

. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. a84 DIVISION II.^COVRSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGI. without a winter's rest. The further development of the sporidia abscised from the promycelium is perfectly known, at least in L. Dianthi, L. Malvacearum, and L. Circaeae; the germ-tubes from the sporidia penetrate at once into the proper host, either through the wall of an epidermal cell, as in L. Malvacearum, or through a stoma, as in L. Dianthi, and develope a mycelium which again produces only teleuto- spores. Aecid Stock Photo

RMPG2WX6–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. a84 DIVISION II.^COVRSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGI. without a winter's rest. The further development of the sporidia abscised from the promycelium is perfectly known, at least in L. Dianthi, L. Malvacearum, and L. Circaeae; the germ-tubes from the sporidia penetrate at once into the proper host, either through the wall of an epidermal cell, as in L. Malvacearum, or through a stoma, as in L. Dianthi, and develope a mycelium which again produces only teleuto- spores. Aecid

. Microbes, ferments and moulds . Bacteria; Fungi; Fermentation. PARA.SITIO FUXGI AND MOULDS. 53 The mycelium consists of elongated, cylindrical articulations, which find their way among the cells of the epidermis, especially in the vicinity of the edges of the patch, and may penetrate deeply into the dermis (Fig. 25). Some of the shorter filaments terminate in. Fig. 25.—Transverse section of skin, on the level of a spot of ringworm: o, epidermis; b, superficial layer of dermis; c, deep layer of tlie dermis; d d' mycelium with spores. chaplets of spores, which are successively detached from th Stock Photo

RMRDJ5AR–. Microbes, ferments and moulds . Bacteria; Fungi; Fermentation. PARA.SITIO FUXGI AND MOULDS. 53 The mycelium consists of elongated, cylindrical articulations, which find their way among the cells of the epidermis, especially in the vicinity of the edges of the patch, and may penetrate deeply into the dermis (Fig. 25). Some of the shorter filaments terminate in. Fig. 25.—Transverse section of skin, on the level of a spot of ringworm: o, epidermis; b, superficial layer of dermis; c, deep layer of tlie dermis; d d' mycelium with spores. chaplets of spores, which are successively detached from th

RMPG4AYM–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. GYMNOSPORANGIUM. 387 may be as long as 10 m.m. and are bent like a born (Fig. 219). A similar case is described by Barclay^ in wbich the peridia of aecidia on Rhamnus dahurica were very long if produced in dry weather, but short if in moist weather.^ The aecidiospores are shed during the early part of June, and germinate at once on the bark of young juniper-twigs; the mycelium growing thence into the spurs or branch

Mycelium bacteria Black & White Stock Photos

Mycelium bacteria Black & White Stock Photos

Download Confirmation

Password Confirmation

Search Results for Mycelium bacteria Black & White Stock Photos and Images (196)

Filter by agency collections

Search builder

Get great features with your free account

Get inspired for your next project!