Fusarium banana hi-res stock photography and images

Panama disease Fusarium oxysporum early symptoms on a banana plant South Africa Stock Photo

RMA8H8K8–Panama disease Fusarium oxysporum early symptoms on a banana plant South Africa

Banana plant with panama disease. Stock Photo

RMDPBYFY–Banana plant with panama disease.

Panama disease (Fusarium oxysporum) devastation in mature South African banana plantation Stock Photo

RMBX625X–Panama disease (Fusarium oxysporum) devastation in mature South African banana plantation

cucumber seedlings and banana peel Stock Photo

RF2F67ND2–cucumber seedlings and banana peel

banana contaminated by Fusarium oxysporum, text in English written name of the disease: TR 4 and extinction Stock Photo

RF2FMPTHY–banana contaminated by Fusarium oxysporum, text in English written name of the disease: TR 4 and extinction

scientist inspecting a banana plant affected by deadly Fusarium wilt disease Stock Photo

RM2WHFDG9–scientist inspecting a banana plant affected by deadly Fusarium wilt disease

Bananas growing on a tree in Zanzibar, Tanzania Stock Photo

RMBYBT2E–Bananas growing on a tree in Zanzibar, Tanzania

Overripe banana ready to eat, isolated on white background Stock Photo

RFGFENWB–Overripe banana ready to eat, isolated on white background

. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. . Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore Stock Photo

RMRJN7WJ–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. . Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fia. 439.—Fusarium on corn. After Burrill and Bar- rett. Fig. 440.—F. vasinfectum. A. Macro- conidia. B. Portion of a hypha. C. A germinating macroconidium. After Reed. moniliform, 6-10 n long; macroconidia falcate, acute, usually 3-septate, 25-40 ix long. It causes molding of com.*™ Several other undetermined species have been isolated from com on which they occur as the cause of dry rot of the grain."" A fusarium on banana is by Essed referred to Ustilaginoidella. See p. 214. F. vasinfectum Atk.^*""'*' Hyphse Stock Photo

RMPG45F3–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fia. 439.—Fusarium on corn. After Burrill and Bar- rett. Fig. 440.—F. vasinfectum. A. Macro- conidia. B. Portion of a hypha. C. A germinating macroconidium. After Reed. moniliform, 6-10 n long; macroconidia falcate, acute, usually 3-septate, 25-40 ix long. It causes molding of com.*™ Several other undetermined species have been isolated from com on which they occur as the cause of dry rot of the grain."" A fusarium on banana is by Essed referred to Ustilaginoidella. See p. 214. F. vasinfectum Atk.^*""'*' Hyphse

. Fig. 89 Macroconidia of Fusarium vasinfectum. Exactly like those of F. cuBENSE IN Size and Shape From a drawing by C. W. Carpenter in Journal of Agricultural Research be identical with Panama disease seriously affects the Gros Michel in St. Lucia. In Central America the disease is present in Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Honduras, and British Honduras. In South America it occurs in Surinam and British Guiana; there is no evidence of its existence in the large banana-growing districts of Colombia, which are irrigated. In India a disease which appears to correspond in all respects Stock Photo

RMMCTNWK–. Fig. 89 Macroconidia of Fusarium vasinfectum. Exactly like those of F. cuBENSE IN Size and Shape From a drawing by C. W. Carpenter in Journal of Agricultural Research be identical with Panama disease seriously affects the Gros Michel in St. Lucia. In Central America the disease is present in Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Honduras, and British Honduras. In South America it occurs in Surinam and British Guiana; there is no evidence of its existence in the large banana-growing districts of Colombia, which are irrigated. In India a disease which appears to correspond in all respects

David Peasley prunes banana with panama disease Stock Photo

RMDPBX9A–David Peasley prunes banana with panama disease

RF2GF92GT–banana contaminated by Fusarium oxysporum, text in English written name of the disease: TR 4 and extinction

banana plant affected by deadly Fusarium wilt disease Tropical Race 4 fungus Stock Photo

RM2WHFDGJ–banana plant affected by deadly Fusarium wilt disease Tropical Race 4 fungus

RMBYBN1H–Bananas growing on a tree in Zanzibar, Tanzania

. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, IX PLATE XXXIV. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore Stock Photo

RMRJN7KD–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, IX PLATE XXXIV. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore

RMPG45F9–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fia. 439.—Fusarium on corn. After Burrill and Bar- rett. Fig. 440.—F. vasinfectum. A. Macro- conidia. B. Portion of a hypha. C. A germinating macroconidium. After Reed. moniliform, 6-10 n long; macroconidia falcate, acute, usually 3-septate, 25-40 ix long. It causes molding of com.*™ Several other undetermined species have been isolated from com on which they occur as the cause of dry rot of the grain."" A fusarium on banana is by Essed referred to Ustilaginoidella. See p. 214. F. vasinfectum Atk.^*""'*' Hyphse

banana contaminated by Raça Tropical 4 from panama mal, text in english written Fusarium oxysporum Stock Photo

RF2GF92AX–banana contaminated by Raça Tropical 4 from panama mal, text in english written Fusarium oxysporum

banana plant heavily affected by deadly Fusarium wilt disease Tropical Race 4 fungus Stock Photo

RM2WHFDGA–banana plant heavily affected by deadly Fusarium wilt disease Tropical Race 4 fungus

. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. Brandes: Banana Wilt. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore Stock Photo

RMRJMF4H–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. Brandes: Banana Wilt. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore

RF2FMPTD4–banana contaminated by Raça Tropical 4 from panama mal, text in english written Fusarium oxysporum

Selective focus of a banana plant affected by deadly Fusarium wilt disease Tropical Race 4 fungus Stock Photo

RM2WHFDFP–Selective focus of a banana plant affected by deadly Fusarium wilt disease Tropical Race 4 fungus

RMRJN873–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. Brandes : Banana Wilt. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore

banana contaminated by Fusarium oxysporum fungus, called tr4, banana extinction risk. english text written TR 4 Stock Photo

RF2GF92GM–banana contaminated by Fusarium oxysporum fungus, called tr4, banana extinction risk. english text written TR 4

RM2WHFDE0–Selective focus of a banana plant affected by deadly Fusarium wilt disease Tropical Race 4 fungus

RMRJN7JE–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. Brandes- Banana Wilt. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore

RF2FMPTHR–banana contaminated by Fusarium oxysporum fungus, called tr4, banana extinction risk. english text written TR 4

Colonies of deadly Fusarium oxysporum sp. cubense tropical race 4 fungus growing in Petri dish Stock Photo

RM2WJDK3B–Colonies of deadly Fusarium oxysporum sp. cubense tropical race 4 fungus growing in Petri dish

RMRJN7Y0–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. Brandes: Banana Wilt. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore

banana contaminated by Raça Tropical 4 from panama mal, text in english written extinction Stock Photo

RF2FMPTJ1–banana contaminated by Raça Tropical 4 from panama mal, text in english written extinction

RMRJN7PY–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. Brandes: Banana Wilt. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore

RF2GF92H4–banana contaminated by Raça Tropical 4 from panama mal, text in english written extinction

RMRJN7M6–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. Brandes: Banana Wilt. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore

. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, IX PLATE XXXI. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore Stock Photo

RMRJN7RT–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, IX PLATE XXXI. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore

. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, IX PLATE XXVIII. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore Stock Photo

RMRJN806–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, IX PLATE XXVIII. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore

. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, IX PLATE XXXIII. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore Stock Photo

RMRJN7N5–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, IX PLATE XXXIII. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore

. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, IX PLATE XXIV. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore Stock Photo

RMRJN862–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, IX PLATE XXIV. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore

. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, IX PLATE XXIII. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore Stock Photo

RMRJMF45–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, IX PLATE XXIII. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore

. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, IX PLATE XXII. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore Stock Photo

RMRJMF57–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, IX PLATE XXII. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore

. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, IX PLATE XXIX. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore Stock Photo

RMRJN7X6–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, IX PLATE XXIX. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore

. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. < Q < « 23. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore Stock Photo

RMRJN80P–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. < Q < « 23. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore

. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. SMsk Br4ndes: Banana Wilt. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore Stock Photo

RMRJN856–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. SMsk Br4ndes: Banana Wilt. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore

. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, IX. PLATE XXXII V I --^PM. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore Stock Photo

RMRJN7PE–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, IX. PLATE XXXII V I --^PM. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore

. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, IX PLATE XXVI. «i Brandes: Banana Wilt. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore Stock Photo

RMRJN834–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, IX PLATE XXVI. «i Brandes: Banana Wilt. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore

. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PLATE XXXII V I --^PM. Brandes: Banana Wilt. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore Stock Photo

RMRJN7NJ–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PLATE XXXII V I --^PM. Brandes: Banana Wilt. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore

. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, IX PLATE XXV. K P < M P3. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore Stock Photo

RMRJN84A–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, IX PLATE XXV. K P < M P3. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore

. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, IX PLATE XXVII. < Q < « 23. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore Stock Photo

RMRJN822–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, IX PLATE XXVII. < Q < « 23. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore

. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, IX PLATE XXI. Brandes: Banana Wilt A banana plant of the Gros Michel variety in Costa Rica attacked by the wilt organism.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore Stock Photo

RMRJN8CP–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, IX PLATE XXI. Brandes: Banana Wilt A banana plant of the Gros Michel variety in Costa Rica attacked by the wilt organism.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Brandes, Elmer Walker, 1891- [from old catalog]. [Baltimore

. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. 372 Phytopathology [Vol. 9 There are good grounds for assuming that the fungus excretes substances that are poisonous to many plants. It would also appear that the roots of the cotton plant do not exercise any selective absorption with refer- ence to these excreted substances. Where an abundance of inoculum is inserted into the plant tissue through a wound, it seems to have the same toxic effect. The extent of the injury varies directly with the amount of inoculum used.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have b Stock Photo

RMRJMF6P–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. 372 Phytopathology [Vol. 9 There are good grounds for assuming that the fungus excretes substances that are poisonous to many plants. It would also appear that the roots of the cotton plant do not exercise any selective absorption with refer- ence to these excreted substances. Where an abundance of inoculum is inserted into the plant tissue through a wound, it seems to have the same toxic effect. The extent of the injury varies directly with the amount of inoculum used.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have b

. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. Fig. 5. Cotton Plant at the Right Inoculated Copiously at the Hypocotyl with macroconidia of fusarium cubense Control plant at left. Notice healed wound in control plant Altogether too little is known concerning the chemistry of the process of penetration of uninjured plant tissues by parasitic fungi. It is as- sumed from analogy that all such penetrations are brought about by the ability on the part of the fungus to excrete enzymes capable of dissolving cellulose, cutin or lignin. If that were the only essential property, so far as we know of the consti Stock Photo

RMRJMF64–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. Fig. 5. Cotton Plant at the Right Inoculated Copiously at the Hypocotyl with macroconidia of fusarium cubense Control plant at left. Notice healed wound in control plant Altogether too little is known concerning the chemistry of the process of penetration of uninjured plant tissues by parasitic fungi. It is as- sumed from analogy that all such penetrations are brought about by the ability on the part of the fungus to excrete enzymes capable of dissolving cellulose, cutin or lignin. If that were the only essential property, so far as we know of the consti

. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. VASCULAR DISEASES OF BANANA. 169 thoroughly sterilized by 1 : 1,000 mercurie-ehloride water before taking some of the interior, with sterilized instruments, for cultures. No further opportunity has occurred for the study of this disease, but the writer has no doubt (Jan. 1909) that the Cuban banana disease, whatever may be thought of the Jamaican one, will be found to be due to Fusarium cubense which is not unlike those described by him from cotton, melons, cowpeas, and cabbage. Inoculations begun by the writer in July and August 1909 demonstra Stock Photo

RMRFRFYW–. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. VASCULAR DISEASES OF BANANA. 169 thoroughly sterilized by 1 : 1,000 mercurie-ehloride water before taking some of the interior, with sterilized instruments, for cultures. No further opportunity has occurred for the study of this disease, but the writer has no doubt (Jan. 1909) that the Cuban banana disease, whatever may be thought of the Jamaican one, will be found to be due to Fusarium cubense which is not unlike those described by him from cotton, melons, cowpeas, and cabbage. Inoculations begun by the writer in July and August 1909 demonstra

. Bacteria in relation to plant diseases. Bacteria; Plant diseases. VASCULAR DISEASES OF BANANA. 169 thoroughly sterilized by 1 : 1,000 mercuric-chloride water before taking some of the interior, with sterilized instruments, for cultures. No further opportunity has occurred for the study of this disease, but the writer has no doubt (Jan. 1909) that the Cuban banana disease, whatever may be thought of the Jamaican one, will be found to be due to Fusarium cubense which is not unlike those described by him from cotton, melons, cowpeas, and cabbage. Inoculations begun by the writer in July and Aug Stock Photo

RMRJND7B–. Bacteria in relation to plant diseases. Bacteria; Plant diseases. VASCULAR DISEASES OF BANANA. 169 thoroughly sterilized by 1 : 1,000 mercuric-chloride water before taking some of the interior, with sterilized instruments, for cultures. No further opportunity has occurred for the study of this disease, but the writer has no doubt (Jan. 1909) that the Cuban banana disease, whatever may be thought of the Jamaican one, will be found to be due to Fusarium cubense which is not unlike those described by him from cotton, melons, cowpeas, and cabbage. Inoculations begun by the writer in July and Aug

. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. 1919] Brandes: Banana Wilt 371 mycelium growing on the surface of rotted roots was proved, upon cul- tivation to be the Fusarium used for inoculum. Cotton seedlings three weeks old were next inoculated with macro- conidia by making longitudinal slits in the hypocotyl with a sharp scalpel and inserting the inoculum with a platinum needle. The same number of plants and the same strains of Fusarium were used for this experi- ment as for the preceding. The results were not so uniform, still they were convincing. Where an abundance of inoculum was used the pl Stock Photo

RMRJMF7J–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. 1919] Brandes: Banana Wilt 371 mycelium growing on the surface of rotted roots was proved, upon cul- tivation to be the Fusarium used for inoculum. Cotton seedlings three weeks old were next inoculated with macro- conidia by making longitudinal slits in the hypocotyl with a sharp scalpel and inserting the inoculum with a platinum needle. The same number of plants and the same strains of Fusarium were used for this experi- ment as for the preceding. The results were not so uniform, still they were convincing. Where an abundance of inoculum was used the pl

. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. 368 Phytopathology [Vol. 9 crating and discharging large quantities of steam. The whole apparatus was mounted on a stone boat so that it could be moved to any desired point by a pair of oxen. In sterilizing the soil, the rigid series of pipes was driven into the rather light soil, and the steam turned on when it had attained a pressure of 80 pounds. This was maintained for two hours after which the steam was turned off and the pipes removed with sterile wrenches. Twenty minutes after the steam was turned on the soil at. Fig. 3. Apparatus Used for Sterili Stock Photo

RMRJMF8D–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. 368 Phytopathology [Vol. 9 crating and discharging large quantities of steam. The whole apparatus was mounted on a stone boat so that it could be moved to any desired point by a pair of oxen. In sterilizing the soil, the rigid series of pipes was driven into the rather light soil, and the steam turned on when it had attained a pressure of 80 pounds. This was maintained for two hours after which the steam was turned off and the pipes removed with sterile wrenches. Twenty minutes after the steam was turned on the soil at. Fig. 3. Apparatus Used for Sterili

. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. 366 Phytopathology [Vol. 9 hour the leaves hung perfectly limp, and even the tips of the stems drooped to one side. The check plants, both in uninoculated Richards solution and in water remained perfectly turgid for 24 hours after the experiment was started. The experiment was repeated, using bean seedlings in place of buck- wheat, with the same results (text fig. 2), except that the time required for wilting was somewhat longer, it being fully two hours before the plants were decidedly wilted. Banana leaves were now used with the result that it required Stock Photo

RMRJN8B7–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. 366 Phytopathology [Vol. 9 hour the leaves hung perfectly limp, and even the tips of the stems drooped to one side. The check plants, both in uninoculated Richards solution and in water remained perfectly turgid for 24 hours after the experiment was started. The experiment was repeated, using bean seedlings in place of buck- wheat, with the same results (text fig. 2), except that the time required for wilting was somewhat longer, it being fully two hours before the plants were decidedly wilted. Banana leaves were now used with the result that it required

. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. 1919] Brandes: Banana Wilt 355 of the growing tip of the main roots are borne the root hairs. The pri- mary meristem occupies only a very small portion behind the root cap, and is very tender. The main roots do not seem to adapt themselves well to irregularities in the soil, but upon meeting a stone or other ob- struction, the tips by rapid cell division and growth push into it and are crushed. The root dies back and a lateral thread-like root behind the apex takes the lead, and becomes the main root. It is not surprising that many roots are seen which a Stock Photo

RMRJN8BW–. Banana wilt. Fusarium wilt of banana. 1919] Brandes: Banana Wilt 355 of the growing tip of the main roots are borne the root hairs. The pri- mary meristem occupies only a very small portion behind the root cap, and is very tender. The main roots do not seem to adapt themselves well to irregularities in the soil, but upon meeting a stone or other ob- struction, the tips by rapid cell division and growth push into it and are crushed. The root dies back and a lateral thread-like root behind the apex takes the lead, and becomes the main root. It is not surprising that many roots are seen which a

RMRDE4TH–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fia. 439.—Fusarium on corn. After Burrill and Bar- rett. Fig. 440.—F. vasinfectum. A. Macro- conidia. B. Portion of a hypha. C. A germinating macroconidium. After Reed. moniliform, 6-10 n long; macroconidia falcate, acute, usually 3-septate, 25-40 ix long. It causes molding of com.*™ Several other undetermined species have been isolated from com on which they occur as the cause of dry rot of the grain."" A fusarium on banana is by Essed referred to Ustilaginoidella. See p. 214. F. vasinfectum Atk.^*""'*' Hyphse

RMRDE4TR–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fia. 439.—Fusarium on corn. After Burrill and Bar- rett. Fig. 440.—F. vasinfectum. A. Macro- conidia. B. Portion of a hypha. C. A germinating macroconidium. After Reed. moniliform, 6-10 n long; macroconidia falcate, acute, usually 3-septate, 25-40 ix long. It causes molding of com.*™ Several other undetermined species have been isolated from com on which they occur as the cause of dry rot of the grain."" A fusarium on banana is by Essed referred to Ustilaginoidella. See p. 214. F. vasinfectum Atk.^*""'*' Hyphse

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