Diseases of foliage Black and White Stock Photos & Images

. How to grow cut flowers. A practical treatise on the cultivation of the rose, carnation, chrysanthemum, voilet, and other winter flowering plants. Also greenhouse construction ... Floriculture; Greenhouses. Diseases of the Carnation. 173 These precautionary measures it is well to adopt if there is the least suspicion of the presence of the disease. If it should appear, avoid using water on the foliage save in the distribution of the solu- tion, and remove and burn all afl'ected plants at once. The other diseases to which the carnation is subject are: Leaf spot (Septoria), as shown in Fig 35. Stock Photo

RMRDPP1E–. How to grow cut flowers. A practical treatise on the cultivation of the rose, carnation, chrysanthemum, voilet, and other winter flowering plants. Also greenhouse construction ... Floriculture; Greenhouses. Diseases of the Carnation. 173 These precautionary measures it is well to adopt if there is the least suspicion of the presence of the disease. If it should appear, avoid using water on the foliage save in the distribution of the solu- tion, and remove and burn all afl'ected plants at once. The other diseases to which the carnation is subject are: Leaf spot (Septoria), as shown in Fig 35.

. Diseases of greenhouse crops and their control . Vegetables; Plant diseases; Plant diseases. Fig. 5. Leaf Blight Nematode. n. Infected begonia foliage, b. the blight on fern leaves (a-b, after Clinton).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Taubenhaus, Jacob Joseph, 1884-1937. New York : E. P. Dutton Stock Photo

RMPG0GMK–. Diseases of greenhouse crops and their control . Vegetables; Plant diseases; Plant diseases. Fig. 5. Leaf Blight Nematode. n. Infected begonia foliage, b. the blight on fern leaves (a-b, after Clinton).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Taubenhaus, Jacob Joseph, 1884-1937. New York : E. P. Dutton

Herbal Flower and Plant, Hand Drawn Illustration of Chamomile or Camomile Used for Traditional Medicine Has Effect on Health or Diseases. Stock Vector

RFWRD7Y5–Herbal Flower and Plant, Hand Drawn Illustration of Chamomile or Camomile Used for Traditional Medicine Has Effect on Health or Diseases.

. The trees of America [microform] : native and foreign, pictorially and botanically delineated and scientifically and popularly described, being considered principally with reference to their geography and history, soil and situation, propagation and culture, accidents and diseases .... Trees; Arbres. I HE Linden or Lime- tree, in its lull and luxuriant foliage, where sufficient room has been aflbrded it, and the soil has suited its constitution, is pronoiniced as one of the finest and most striking of European trees. In its native country, it often attains a height of eighty or one hundred f Stock Photo

RMREP2H8–. The trees of America [microform] : native and foreign, pictorially and botanically delineated and scientifically and popularly described, being considered principally with reference to their geography and history, soil and situation, propagation and culture, accidents and diseases .... Trees; Arbres. I HE Linden or Lime- tree, in its lull and luxuriant foliage, where sufficient room has been aflbrded it, and the soil has suited its constitution, is pronoiniced as one of the finest and most striking of European trees. In its native country, it often attains a height of eighty or one hundred f

. The encyclopedia of practical horticulture; a reference system of commercial horticulture, covering the practical and scientific phases of horticulture, with special reference to fruits and vegetables;. Gardening; Fruit-culture; Vegetable gardening. APPLE DISEASES 491 factory methods of application. Only good material should be used, and the follow- ing of the directions for making the solu- tion is important. The foliage must be thoroughly covered, but dripping from the leaves indicates an excessive or care- less application. The nozzles should be of a kind adapted to give a very fine spray Stock Photo

RMPFXKKB–. The encyclopedia of practical horticulture; a reference system of commercial horticulture, covering the practical and scientific phases of horticulture, with special reference to fruits and vegetables;. Gardening; Fruit-culture; Vegetable gardening. APPLE DISEASES 491 factory methods of application. Only good material should be used, and the follow- ing of the directions for making the solu- tion is important. The foliage must be thoroughly covered, but dripping from the leaves indicates an excessive or care- less application. The nozzles should be of a kind adapted to give a very fine spray

Herbal Flower and Plant, Hand Drawn Background of Chamomile or Camomile Used for Traditional Medicine Has Effect on Health or Diseases. Stock Vector

RF2C8K7PR–Herbal Flower and Plant, Hand Drawn Background of Chamomile or Camomile Used for Traditional Medicine Has Effect on Health or Diseases.

RMRD8TR1–. The encyclopedia of practical horticulture; a reference system of commercial horticulture, covering the practical and scientific phases of horticulture, with special reference to fruits and vegetables;. Gardening; Fruit-culture; Vegetable gardening. APPLE DISEASES 491 factory methods of application. Only good material should be used, and the follow- ing of the directions for making the solu- tion is important. The foliage must be thoroughly covered, but dripping from the leaves indicates an excessive or care- less application. The nozzles should be of a kind adapted to give a very fine spray

. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. PEACH DISEASES 307 of the normal number, so that the next year's crop of peaches will be materially lightened. Young trees suffer severely; when badly diseased, they become stunted and in some cases are permanently injured. It should be stated that black-spot affects not only the fruit, foliage and twigs of the peach, but also these same organs of the apricot, nectarine and plum, making four prominent and important stone-fruit trees in the category of hosts for the black-spot pathogene. This fact adds to the economic aspect of this disease. Of the peaches th Stock Photo

RMPG3P20–. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. PEACH DISEASES 307 of the normal number, so that the next year's crop of peaches will be materially lightened. Young trees suffer severely; when badly diseased, they become stunted and in some cases are permanently injured. It should be stated that black-spot affects not only the fruit, foliage and twigs of the peach, but also these same organs of the apricot, nectarine and plum, making four prominent and important stone-fruit trees in the category of hosts for the black-spot pathogene. This fact adds to the economic aspect of this disease. Of the peaches th

RMREP2RY–. The trees of America [microform] : native and foreign, pictorially and botanically delineated and scientifically and popularly described, being considered principally with reference to their geography and history, soil and situation, propagation and culture, accidents and diseases .... Trees; Arbres. Description, JV^ HE Magnolia auriculata is fc - romarkable for the beauty of its foliage, the size of its flowers, and the fra- grance ol their odour. It attains a height of thirty or forty feet, with a straight trunk, twelve or filtcen inches in diameter, often undivided for half of its length.

. The care of trees in lawn, street and park, with a list of trees and shrubs for decorative use. Trees; Trees. Cherries, Peaches, Plums 303 attention. Their ornamental value in form, ^foliage, and flower is en- hanced by that of the fruit. Although the flower display is rather short, its early appearance, and the easy growth and hardmess of these trees, bemg mostly of northern distribution, are commendable. Fig 108. — Japanese Almond Prunus Japonica Thunb. features. They are mostly light-needing, short-lived, and unfortunately liable to both insect and fungus diseases, and somewhat to frost. Stock Photo

RMPFXCD3–. The care of trees in lawn, street and park, with a list of trees and shrubs for decorative use. Trees; Trees. Cherries, Peaches, Plums 303 attention. Their ornamental value in form, ^foliage, and flower is en- hanced by that of the fruit. Although the flower display is rather short, its early appearance, and the easy growth and hardmess of these trees, bemg mostly of northern distribution, are commendable. Fig 108. — Japanese Almond Prunus Japonica Thunb. features. They are mostly light-needing, short-lived, and unfortunately liable to both insect and fungus diseases, and somewhat to frost.

. Diseases of truck crops and their control . Vegetables. Fig. 42. Watermelon Diseases. a. Stem end rot (after Meier), b. anthracnose of foliage, c. anthracnose on fruit, d. Fusarium wilt of young seedlings, e. blossom —' —*. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Taubenhaus, Jacob Joseph, 1884-1937. New York : E. P. Dutton & Co. Stock Photo

RMRDE0DM–. Diseases of truck crops and their control . Vegetables. Fig. 42. Watermelon Diseases. a. Stem end rot (after Meier), b. anthracnose of foliage, c. anthracnose on fruit, d. Fusarium wilt of young seedlings, e. blossom —' —*. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Taubenhaus, Jacob Joseph, 1884-1937. New York : E. P. Dutton & Co.

RMPG4CJN–. Diseases of truck crops and their control . Vegetables. Fig. 42. Watermelon Diseases. a. Stem end rot (after Meier), b. anthracnose of foliage, c. anthracnose on fruit, d. Fusarium wilt of young seedlings, e. blossom —' —*. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Taubenhaus, Jacob Joseph, 1884-1937. New York : E. P. Dutton & Co.

RMRDCXA4–. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. PEACH DISEASES 307 of the normal number, so that the next year's crop of peaches will be materially lightened. Young trees suffer severely; when badly diseased, they become stunted and in some cases are permanently injured. It should be stated that black-spot affects not only the fruit, foliage and twigs of the peach, but also these same organs of the apricot, nectarine and plum, making four prominent and important stone-fruit trees in the category of hosts for the black-spot pathogene. This fact adds to the economic aspect of this disease. Of the peaches th

. Manual of gardening : a practical guide to the making of home grounds and the growing of flowers, fruits, and vegetables for home use . Gardening. 180 MANUAL OF GARDENING. 214. Leaves and fruits injured by fungi, chiefly apple- scab. attack is commonly not so much in the individual leaves as in the stems, the sources of food supply being thereby cut off from the foliage. The symptoms of this class of ^^^ diseases are general weakening of plant when the disease affects the plant as a whole or when it attacks large branches; or sometimes the .leaves shrivel and die about the edges or in large Stock Photo

RMPG24B4–. Manual of gardening : a practical guide to the making of home grounds and the growing of flowers, fruits, and vegetables for home use . Gardening. 180 MANUAL OF GARDENING. 214. Leaves and fruits injured by fungi, chiefly apple- scab. attack is commonly not so much in the individual leaves as in the stems, the sources of food supply being thereby cut off from the foliage. The symptoms of this class of ^^^ diseases are general weakening of plant when the disease affects the plant as a whole or when it attacks large branches; or sometimes the .leaves shrivel and die about the edges or in large

. Florists' review [microform]. Floriculture. 22 The Florists^ Review Septkmber 22, 1921 the subject, that many of the hybrid forms are much superior to the old S. vulgaris—superior in size and texture of flower trusses, in richness and purity and variety of colors; superior, also, in resistance to mildew and other fungous diseases of the foliage. Undoubtedly that is all true, under ordinary condi- tions. But it is quite possible for the conditions to be so bad that even lilacs, though among the most dauntless of bloomers, will not bloom at all, and it seems that some of the hybrid forms are m Stock Photo

RMRRB76C–. Florists' review [microform]. Floriculture. 22 The Florists^ Review Septkmber 22, 1921 the subject, that many of the hybrid forms are much superior to the old S. vulgaris—superior in size and texture of flower trusses, in richness and purity and variety of colors; superior, also, in resistance to mildew and other fungous diseases of the foliage. Undoubtedly that is all true, under ordinary condi- tions. But it is quite possible for the conditions to be so bad that even lilacs, though among the most dauntless of bloomers, will not bloom at all, and it seems that some of the hybrid forms are m

. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. PROFTTS FliOM SPHAYING 51 ing quality of many kinds of produce is increased by spraying. Protection of the plant. — In many cases the benefits are apparent the second and succeeding rather than the. Fig. 16. — Potato field showing benefits of spraying. Portion at left received Bordeaux mixture and Paris green; portion at right received Paris green only. Original. first year, since spraying protects the foliage, the func- tion of which is to accumulate nourishment for the crop of the following year. Spraying should be regarded as insurance. It pro Stock Photo

RMPG4F8Y–. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. PROFTTS FliOM SPHAYING 51 ing quality of many kinds of produce is increased by spraying. Protection of the plant. — In many cases the benefits are apparent the second and succeeding rather than the. Fig. 16. — Potato field showing benefits of spraying. Portion at left received Bordeaux mixture and Paris green; portion at right received Paris green only. Original. first year, since spraying protects the foliage, the func- tion of which is to accumulate nourishment for the crop of the following year. Spraying should be regarded as insurance. It pro

RMRD8F9A–. The care of trees in lawn, street and park, with a list of trees and shrubs for decorative use. Trees; Trees. Cherries, Peaches, Plums 303 attention. Their ornamental value in form, ^foliage, and flower is en- hanced by that of the fruit. Although the flower display is rather short, its early appearance, and the easy growth and hardmess of these trees, bemg mostly of northern distribution, are commendable. Fig 108. — Japanese Almond Prunus Japonica Thunb. features. They are mostly light-needing, short-lived, and unfortunately liable to both insect and fungus diseases, and somewhat to frost.

. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. SPHAERELLA. 213 spring in the fallen needles, which lie on the ground over winter. The ascospores are mature and capable of infection at, the beginning of June. In forests of pure larch, or in mixture with spruce, the ascospores are easily distributed by wind. In larch, underplanted with beech, the spores are kept down towards the ground by the canopy of beech foliage, so that, during the summer, they cannot be carr Stock Photo

RMPG4BNA–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. SPHAERELLA. 213 spring in the fallen needles, which lie on the ground over winter. The ascospores are mature and capable of infection at, the beginning of June. In forests of pure larch, or in mixture with spruce, the ascospores are easily distributed by wind. In larch, underplanted with beech, the spores are kept down towards the ground by the canopy of beech foliage, so that, during the summer, they cannot be carr

. The American fruit culturist, containing directions for the propagation and culture of all fruits adapted to the United States. Fruit-culture. THE DISEASES OF FRUITS.. Fig 289.—Portion of Plum branch, show- ing both the normal fruit and the en- larged "pockets" due to the Bxoascits J-'riifii'Fcl. (From Galloway.) patches upon the leaves and causes the premature falling of the foliage. In general appearance the work of this fungus resembles that of the leaf blight of the pear. jRemedies.—Fairly good results have been obtained by the use of fungicides, and plum growers who suffer fro Stock Photo

RMRDDA6P–. The American fruit culturist, containing directions for the propagation and culture of all fruits adapted to the United States. Fruit-culture. THE DISEASES OF FRUITS.. Fig 289.—Portion of Plum branch, show- ing both the normal fruit and the en- larged "pockets" due to the Bxoascits J-'riifii'Fcl. (From Galloway.) patches upon the leaves and causes the premature falling of the foliage. In general appearance the work of this fungus resembles that of the leaf blight of the pear. jRemedies.—Fairly good results have been obtained by the use of fungicides, and plum growers who suffer fro

RMPG00TM–. The American fruit culturist, containing directions for the propagation and culture of all fruits adapted to the United States. Fruit-culture. THE DISEASES OF FRUITS.. Fig 289.—Portion of Plum branch, show- ing both the normal fruit and the en- larged "pockets" due to the Bxoascits J-'riifii'Fcl. (From Galloway.) patches upon the leaves and causes the premature falling of the foliage. In general appearance the work of this fungus resembles that of the leaf blight of the pear. jRemedies.—Fairly good results have been obtained by the use of fungicides, and plum growers who suffer fro

RMRD9NE2–. Manual of gardening : a practical guide to the making of home grounds and the growing of flowers, fruits, and vegetables for home use . Gardening. 180 MANUAL OF GARDENING. 214. Leaves and fruits injured by fungi, chiefly apple- scab. attack is commonly not so much in the individual leaves as in the stems, the sources of food supply being thereby cut off from the foliage. The symptoms of this class of ^^^ diseases are general weakening of plant when the disease affects the plant as a whole or when it attacks large branches; or sometimes the .leaves shrivel and die about the edges or in large

. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 217 When it is desired to make a barrel of bordeaux mixture, stir the stock solution thoroughly, dip six gallons from each barrel and place in separate tubs. Now dilute each to twenty-five gallons and pour together as already described. The use of the lime is to combine with the copper and form a compound that will not burn the foliage. It also tends to make the fungi- cide adhere to the plant upon which it is sprayed and later dis- solves slowly in rain and dew water to form .solutions poisonous to the fungus. To test the m Stock Photo

RMPG4F75–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 217 When it is desired to make a barrel of bordeaux mixture, stir the stock solution thoroughly, dip six gallons from each barrel and place in separate tubs. Now dilute each to twenty-five gallons and pour together as already described. The use of the lime is to combine with the copper and form a compound that will not burn the foliage. It also tends to make the fungi- cide adhere to the plant upon which it is sprayed and later dis- solves slowly in rain and dew water to form .solutions poisonous to the fungus. To test the m

RMRDC1WJ–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. SPHAERELLA. 213 spring in the fallen needles, which lie on the ground over winter. The ascospores are mature and capable of infection at, the beginning of June. In forests of pure larch, or in mixture with spruce, the ascospores are easily distributed by wind. In larch, underplanted with beech, the spores are kept down towards the ground by the canopy of beech foliage, so that, during the summer, they cannot be carr

. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. 220 Minnesota Plant Diseases. on standing." [Mass. Bull. No. 80â1902.] Only the clear blue fluid should be used. This solution is recommended only when the staining of the foliage and fruits by bordeaux is objectionable, e. g., in fruits nearing maturity and on green- house plants. It has been recom- mended for fungus parasites as the powdery mildews which possess a conspicuous and superficial mycelium. A solution of copper carbonate (one pound to forty gallons of water) with- out ammonia has also been recom- mended for fruit rots. Copper acetat Stock Photo

RMPG4F70–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. 220 Minnesota Plant Diseases. on standing." [Mass. Bull. No. 80â1902.] Only the clear blue fluid should be used. This solution is recommended only when the staining of the foliage and fruits by bordeaux is objectionable, e. g., in fruits nearing maturity and on green- house plants. It has been recom- mended for fungus parasites as the powdery mildews which possess a conspicuous and superficial mycelium. A solution of copper carbonate (one pound to forty gallons of water) with- out ammonia has also been recom- mended for fruit rots. Copper acetat

. Florists' review [microform]. Floriculture. cow manure will not infrequently cause a loss of foliage and even scorching. This would show more quickly on Kil- larney than on Maryland and the tougher foliaged Eichmond. It is likely that bety^een your several remedies, sulphuring the pipes, spraying with Bordeaux mixture, etc., the foliage has been injured. This damage would most probably be caused by the Bordeaux mixture. This is a splendid spray for fungoid diseases, though I have doubts as to its efficiency against mildew. Much would depend on how strong you used the Bordeaux. If, for instan Stock Photo

RMRRXYFT–. Florists' review [microform]. Floriculture. cow manure will not infrequently cause a loss of foliage and even scorching. This would show more quickly on Kil- larney than on Maryland and the tougher foliaged Eichmond. It is likely that bety^een your several remedies, sulphuring the pipes, spraying with Bordeaux mixture, etc., the foliage has been injured. This damage would most probably be caused by the Bordeaux mixture. This is a splendid spray for fungoid diseases, though I have doubts as to its efficiency against mildew. Much would depend on how strong you used the Bordeaux. If, for instan

. Diseases of greenhouse crops and their control . Vegetables; Plant diseases; Plant diseases. Fig. 66. Rose Diseases. a. Black spot on foliage, !>-g. various stages of Diplocarpon roste (after Wolf), h. Septoria rosic (after New Zealand Ann. Rept., 1915).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Taubenhaus, Jacob Joseph, 1884-1937. New York : E. P. Dutton Stock Photo

RMPG0G67–. Diseases of greenhouse crops and their control . Vegetables; Plant diseases; Plant diseases. Fig. 66. Rose Diseases. a. Black spot on foliage, !>-g. various stages of Diplocarpon roste (after Wolf), h. Septoria rosic (after New Zealand Ann. Rept., 1915).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Taubenhaus, Jacob Joseph, 1884-1937. New York : E. P. Dutton

RMRDEXAJ–. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. PROFTTS FliOM SPHAYING 51 ing quality of many kinds of produce is increased by spraying. Protection of the plant. — In many cases the benefits are apparent the second and succeeding rather than the. Fig. 16. — Potato field showing benefits of spraying. Portion at left received Bordeaux mixture and Paris green; portion at right received Paris green only. Original. first year, since spraying protects the foliage, the func- tion of which is to accumulate nourishment for the crop of the following year. Spraying should be regarded as insurance. It pro

. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. APPLE DISEASES 145 bark sinks in definite areas; these spots are dark, cracked, and have ragged margins (Fig. 39). These characters give rise to the name rough-bark. Some of the lesions spread uninter- ruptedly until the whole branch is involved. Small branches are thus occasionally killed as a result of girdling. Other affected areas are halted and the wounds are occluded. As a result of the above abnormalities the foliage as- sumes an unhealthy aspect; it be- comes pale and cannot function properly. The leaves are never directly affected under natural con- Stock Photo

RMPG3RDC–. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. APPLE DISEASES 145 bark sinks in definite areas; these spots are dark, cracked, and have ragged margins (Fig. 39). These characters give rise to the name rough-bark. Some of the lesions spread uninter- ruptedly until the whole branch is involved. Small branches are thus occasionally killed as a result of girdling. Other affected areas are halted and the wounds are occluded. As a result of the above abnormalities the foliage as- sumes an unhealthy aspect; it be- comes pale and cannot function properly. The leaves are never directly affected under natural con-

RMRDPP1A–. How to grow cut flowers. A practical treatise on the cultivation of the rose, carnation, chrysanthemum, voilet, and other winter flowering plants. Also greenhouse construction ... Floriculture; Greenhouses. Diseases of the Carnation. 175 then mix the two and dilute to the required strength. This is the so-called halt-strength Bordeaux mixture which has, in many instances, during the past season, proved as efiective as the full strength, and for car-. Fig. 37. nations will be strong enough. It is seen that this is a lime mixture and the foliage will be covered with a bluish white layer. But i

. Insect pests and plant diseases : containing remedies and suggestions recommended for adoption by farmers, fruit-growers, and gardeners of the province . Pests; Fungal diseases of plants; Insect pests. 38 Provincial Board or Hortioultuee. 1891 It is a four-winged fly, with a rather deep, yellow body, and may often be Imported ^^^ j^ spring sitting upon the foliage or flying about, when the leaves of the Currant Worm, ^^^gjjgg g^j.^ developing. It deposits its eggs on the principal veins of the undersides of the lower leaves. The larvaa soon hatch and commence to feed ravenously; bushes somet Stock Photo

RMPG0E49–. Insect pests and plant diseases : containing remedies and suggestions recommended for adoption by farmers, fruit-growers, and gardeners of the province . Pests; Fungal diseases of plants; Insect pests. 38 Provincial Board or Hortioultuee. 1891 It is a four-winged fly, with a rather deep, yellow body, and may often be Imported ^^^ j^ spring sitting upon the foliage or flying about, when the leaves of the Currant Worm, ^^^gjjgg g^j.^ developing. It deposits its eggs on the principal veins of the undersides of the lower leaves. The larvaa soon hatch and commence to feed ravenously; bushes somet

RMREP0NJ–. The trees of America [microform] : native and foreign, pictorially and botanically delineated and scientifically and popularly described, being considered principally with reference to their geography and history, soil and situation, propagation and culture, accidents and diseases .... Trees; Arbres. -^^ lellE Fraxinus ameri cana, from the quali ^y ^ tics of its Avood^ the iit^»^^ rapidity of its growth, and the beauty of its foliage, is one of the most interesting among American trees. In favour- able situations, it sometimes attains the height' ot eighty feet, with a trunk three feet in di

. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. 336 GENERAL PLANT PATHOLOGY Fission.—A division of a normally simple organ. Frondescence.—The prolifer- ation of a normally reduced petal to a foliage leaf with lamina. Gamomeiy (Engelmaim).— The condition in which the normally distinct petals are united into a gamopetalous corolla. Geminiparity.—^The condtion of leaves which develop adventi- tious buds. Gymnaxony (Ch. Morren).— The condition in which the placenta protrudes through the ovary of the flower. Gynophylly (Ch. Morren).— The Stock Photo

RMPG44MJ–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. 336 GENERAL PLANT PATHOLOGY Fission.—A division of a normally simple organ. Frondescence.—The prolifer- ation of a normally reduced petal to a foliage leaf with lamina. Gamomeiy (Engelmaim).— The condition in which the normally distinct petals are united into a gamopetalous corolla. Geminiparity.—^The condtion of leaves which develop adventi- tious buds. Gymnaxony (Ch. Morren).— The condition in which the placenta protrudes through the ovary of the flower. Gynophylly (Ch. Morren).— The

RMRDEX6P–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. 220 Minnesota Plant Diseases. on standing." [Mass. Bull. No. 80â1902.] Only the clear blue fluid should be used. This solution is recommended only when the staining of the foliage and fruits by bordeaux is objectionable, e. g., in fruits nearing maturity and on green- house plants. It has been recom- mended for fungus parasites as the powdery mildews which possess a conspicuous and superficial mycelium. A solution of copper carbonate (one pound to forty gallons of water) with- out ammonia has also been recom- mended for fruit rots. Copper acetat

RMPG1JFT–. Manual of gardening; a practical guide to the making of home grounds and the growing of flowers, fruits, and vegetables for home use. Gardening. 180 MANUAL OF GARDENING >5>. Leaves and fruits injured by fungi, chiefly apple- scab. attack is commonly not so much in the individual leaves as in the stems, the sources of food supply being thereby cut off from the foliage. The symptoms of this class of diseases are general weakening of plant when the disease affects the plant as a whole or when it attacks large branches; or sometimes the leaves shrivel and die about the edges or in large ir

RMRDBF9Y–. Diseases of greenhouse crops and their control . Vegetables; Plant diseases; Plant diseases. Fig. 66. Rose Diseases. a. Black spot on foliage, !>-g. various stages of Diplocarpon roste (after Wolf), h. Septoria rosic (after New Zealand Ann. Rept., 1915).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Taubenhaus, Jacob Joseph, 1884-1937. New York : E. P. Dutton

RMPG430J–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. EFFECT OF PARASITIC FUNGI ON THE FORM OF HOST-PLANT. 23 ranunculoides under the influence of Aecidium punctahim. In the simpler cases the floral leaves were narrow, elongated, and greenish, stamens were formed but not carpels; in more pro- nounced cases, the petals were only represented as small, simple,. Fig. 5.—Cherry tree in blossom, with three "witches' brooms" in foliage, (v. Tubeuf phot.) stalked, gr

RMRDEX71–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 217 When it is desired to make a barrel of bordeaux mixture, stir the stock solution thoroughly, dip six gallons from each barrel and place in separate tubs. Now dilute each to twenty-five gallons and pour together as already described. The use of the lime is to combine with the copper and form a compound that will not burn the foliage. It also tends to make the fungi- cide adhere to the plant upon which it is sprayed and later dis- solves slowly in rain and dew water to form .solutions poisonous to the fungus. To test the m

. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. 370 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES Symptoms. In the beginning the disease is confined to a single branch or twig; but from year to year other branches are affected until the whole tree is involved. Very frequently one or more twigs are killed before the trouble extends to the rest of the tree. In many cases three to six years elapse before the tree is wholly killed. The external signs of the disease are confined to the leaves. Affected foliage generally re- mains normal as to size and form, but the surfaces, instead of exhibiting the normal green color, show a pec Stock Photo

RMPG3MW4–. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. 370 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES Symptoms. In the beginning the disease is confined to a single branch or twig; but from year to year other branches are affected until the whole tree is involved. Very frequently one or more twigs are killed before the trouble extends to the rest of the tree. In many cases three to six years elapse before the tree is wholly killed. The external signs of the disease are confined to the leaves. Affected foliage generally re- mains normal as to size and form, but the surfaces, instead of exhibiting the normal green color, show a pec

RMRDE206–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. 336 GENERAL PLANT PATHOLOGY Fission.—A division of a normally simple organ. Frondescence.—The prolifer- ation of a normally reduced petal to a foliage leaf with lamina. Gamomeiy (Engelmaim).— The condition in which the normally distinct petals are united into a gamopetalous corolla. Geminiparity.—^The condtion of leaves which develop adventi- tious buds. Gymnaxony (Ch. Morren).— The condition in which the placenta protrudes through the ovary of the flower. Gynophylly (Ch. Morren).— The

. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. PEAR DISEASES 327 and a uniform browning of all the foliage simultaneously. Cankers most frequently surround the base of a spur (Fig. 85), watersprout, or small limb (Figs. 87 and 88). Cause. Fire-blight is caused by the bacterial pathogene Bacillus amylovorus. This pathogene passes its entire life-history within the tissues of the liv- ing host, except, of course, during dissemination from one place to another. It cannot survive long, even in the dead parts of the plant attacked. The organism passes the winter in an in- active condition in the tissues along Stock Photo

RMPG3NHN–. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. PEAR DISEASES 327 and a uniform browning of all the foliage simultaneously. Cankers most frequently surround the base of a spur (Fig. 85), watersprout, or small limb (Figs. 87 and 88). Cause. Fire-blight is caused by the bacterial pathogene Bacillus amylovorus. This pathogene passes its entire life-history within the tissues of the liv- ing host, except, of course, during dissemination from one place to another. It cannot survive long, even in the dead parts of the plant attacked. The organism passes the winter in an in- active condition in the tissues along

. Bacteria in relation to plant diseases. Bacteriology; Plant diseases. 66 BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. also occurs frequent!}' when the flowers, green fruits, or foliage are killed by other causes. In the leaves of ^IniarylUs ataiiiasco the writer obtained red stripes by injecting the A'ellow Bacterium hyacbithi^ but no bacterial disease followed, and the same plant reddens when bruised. Broomcorn shows conspicuous red blotches when attacked by the broomcorn organism, but the parasite itself does not produce a red pigment, while the plant reddens easil}' as the result of aphis-punc Stock Photo

RMRDT2MC–. Bacteria in relation to plant diseases. Bacteriology; Plant diseases. 66 BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. also occurs frequent!}' when the flowers, green fruits, or foliage are killed by other causes. In the leaves of ^IniarylUs ataiiiasco the writer obtained red stripes by injecting the A'ellow Bacterium hyacbithi^ but no bacterial disease followed, and the same plant reddens when bruised. Broomcorn shows conspicuous red blotches when attacked by the broomcorn organism, but the parasite itself does not produce a red pigment, while the plant reddens easil}' as the result of aphis-punc

. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 121 leaf or pocket, and at right-angles to its surface. They arise just under the cuticle which is pushed up and sloughed off as the spore-sacs ripen. No breeding act has been seen to pre- cede the spore-sac formation. The sac-spores are often capa- ble of budding in yeast fashion when placed in sugar solutions, and in some of the fungi they bud in this fashion before they are released from the sac so that the latter may then contain a large number of spores. In addition to the efifect upon fruit and foliage of plums, these Stock Photo

RMPG4FJH–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 121 leaf or pocket, and at right-angles to its surface. They arise just under the cuticle which is pushed up and sloughed off as the spore-sacs ripen. No breeding act has been seen to pre- cede the spore-sac formation. The sac-spores are often capa- ble of budding in yeast fashion when placed in sugar solutions, and in some of the fungi they bud in this fashion before they are released from the sac so that the latter may then contain a large number of spores. In addition to the efifect upon fruit and foliage of plums, these

RMRD7YDC–. Manual of gardening; a practical guide to the making of home grounds and the growing of flowers, fruits, and vegetables for home use. Gardening. 180 MANUAL OF GARDENING >5>. Leaves and fruits injured by fungi, chiefly apple- scab. attack is commonly not so much in the individual leaves as in the stems, the sources of food supply being thereby cut off from the foliage. The symptoms of this class of diseases are general weakening of plant when the disease affects the plant as a whole or when it attacks large branches; or sometimes the leaves shrivel and die about the edges or in large ir

. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. FUNGICIDES 37 For insects and fungous diseases on dormant trees a strength of 1 gallon of the solution to 9 to 11 gallons of water gives satisfactory results. Self-boiled Ume-sulphur wash. — The self-boiled lime- sulphur wash is a combination of lime and sulphur boiled. Fig. 10. — Making lime-sulphxir wash. After Sherman. with only the heat of the slaking lime, and is primarily intended for summer spraying as a substitute for Bordeaux mixture where the latter is injurious to foliage or fruit. For most purposes the Bordeaux mixture is as yet to be Stock Photo

RMPG4FA1–. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. FUNGICIDES 37 For insects and fungous diseases on dormant trees a strength of 1 gallon of the solution to 9 to 11 gallons of water gives satisfactory results. Self-boiled Ume-sulphur wash. — The self-boiled lime- sulphur wash is a combination of lime and sulphur boiled. Fig. 10. — Making lime-sulphxir wash. After Sherman. with only the heat of the slaking lime, and is primarily intended for summer spraying as a substitute for Bordeaux mixture where the latter is injurious to foliage or fruit. For most purposes the Bordeaux mixture is as yet to be

RMRDCXPW–. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. APPLE DISEASES 145 bark sinks in definite areas; these spots are dark, cracked, and have ragged margins (Fig. 39). These characters give rise to the name rough-bark. Some of the lesions spread uninter- ruptedly until the whole branch is involved. Small branches are thus occasionally killed as a result of girdling. Other affected areas are halted and the wounds are occluded. As a result of the above abnormalities the foliage as- sumes an unhealthy aspect; it be- comes pale and cannot function properly. The leaves are never directly affected under natural con-

. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. 108 DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS the buds are unfolding, first using an 8-10-50 mixture; second a 5-7-50 mixture. Leaf spot {Septoria piricola Desm.). — The leaf spot, while rarely completely destruc- tive to foliage or crop, does interfere with the general pro- ductiveness and health of the tree by diminishing its green surface and sometimes by caus- ing defoliation. It is known over a wide range. The leaf spot may be distin- guished from the scab and the blight by the fact that the dis- eased area is rather sharply defined and characteristically Stock Photo

RMPG4F33–. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. 108 DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS the buds are unfolding, first using an 8-10-50 mixture; second a 5-7-50 mixture. Leaf spot {Septoria piricola Desm.). — The leaf spot, while rarely completely destruc- tive to foliage or crop, does interfere with the general pro- ductiveness and health of the tree by diminishing its green surface and sometimes by caus- ing defoliation. It is known over a wide range. The leaf spot may be distin- guished from the scab and the blight by the fact that the dis- eased area is rather sharply defined and characteristically

. Florists' review [microform]. Floriculture. 24 The Florists' Review May It, 1921. dead and decaying foliage. Give them all possible sunshine and keep rubbish away from below the benches. Perfect cleanliness, careful watering, keeping the plants rather on the dry side, full sunlight and plenty of fresh air are the conditions that geraniums need. Avoid a close, stuffy atmosphere, which would breed such diseases as you have. C. W. INSUTFICIENT PROTECTION. We have some geraniums from cut- tings taken last fall which were outside all winter in frames. They were taken from pits, repotted into 3-in Stock Photo

RMRRDXCP–. Florists' review [microform]. Floriculture. 24 The Florists' Review May It, 1921. dead and decaying foliage. Give them all possible sunshine and keep rubbish away from below the benches. Perfect cleanliness, careful watering, keeping the plants rather on the dry side, full sunlight and plenty of fresh air are the conditions that geraniums need. Avoid a close, stuffy atmosphere, which would breed such diseases as you have. C. W. INSUTFICIENT PROTECTION. We have some geraniums from cut- tings taken last fall which were outside all winter in frames. They were taken from pits, repotted into 3-in

RMPG4BMH–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. VENTURIA. 219 placed them in the genus Venturia. His investigations are, however, not quite complete. The scab or black spot of apple and pear is a very familiar disease in America and elsewhere. It attacks leaves, young shoots, and fruits. Dirty greenish spots appear first, then enlarg- ing, they run together, and darken in colour till almost black. If the attack occur on young foliage, it may be dwarfed and killed

. The more important fruit tree diseases of Ontario [microform]. Fruit; Pulvérisation et poudrage en agriculture; Spraying and dusting in agriculture; Fruits; Exploitations agricoles. 24 inner or central portion have begun to show the disease. If the centre of the tree looks healthy but the outer branches because of a reddish-yellow colour look dis- eased, it will nearly always be found that such trees are not affected by Little Peach or Yellows, but are suffering from lack of nourishment. Care must of course be taken both with Yellows and Little Peach not to confuse the foliage symptoms of th Stock Photo

RMREN67F–. The more important fruit tree diseases of Ontario [microform]. Fruit; Pulvérisation et poudrage en agriculture; Spraying and dusting in agriculture; Fruits; Exploitations agricoles. 24 inner or central portion have begun to show the disease. If the centre of the tree looks healthy but the outer branches because of a reddish-yellow colour look dis- eased, it will nearly always be found that such trees are not affected by Little Peach or Yellows, but are suffering from lack of nourishment. Care must of course be taken both with Yellows and Little Peach not to confuse the foliage symptoms of th

. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. DISEASES OF SPECIAL CROPS 79 than a pinhole, while upon the lower surface of the dis- eased spot appear some weeks later the fringe-toothed cluster cups. This spot is sometimes so abundant that its presence upon orchards may be recog- nized at great distances by the characteristic hue imparted to the foliage mass as a whole. It robs the tree of nourishment and renders normal fruit- age impossible. A peculiar relation ex- ists, in that the causal fungus spends part of its life on one plant, the apple, and the remainder upon a totally different pla Stock Photo

RMPG4F6R–. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. DISEASES OF SPECIAL CROPS 79 than a pinhole, while upon the lower surface of the dis- eased spot appear some weeks later the fringe-toothed cluster cups. This spot is sometimes so abundant that its presence upon orchards may be recog- nized at great distances by the characteristic hue imparted to the foliage mass as a whole. It robs the tree of nourishment and renders normal fruit- age impossible. A peculiar relation ex- ists, in that the causal fungus spends part of its life on one plant, the apple, and the remainder upon a totally different pla

RMRDCH1F–. Insect pests and plant diseases : containing remedies and suggestions recommended for adoption by farmers, fruit-growers, and gardeners of the province . Pests; Fungal diseases of plants; Insect pests. 38 Provincial Board or Hortioultuee. 1891 It is a four-winged fly, with a rather deep, yellow body, and may often be Imported ^^^ j^ spring sitting upon the foliage or flying about, when the leaves of the Currant Worm, ^^^gjjgg g^j.^ developing. It deposits its eggs on the principal veins of the undersides of the lower leaves. The larvaa soon hatch and commence to feed ravenously; bushes somet

. Manual of tree diseases . Trees. ROOT DISEASES AND INJURIES 79 ondary part. The fungus is so prevalent as a saprophyte that its occurrence as a wound parasite and root-rotting fungus on trees is not surprising. Symptoms. The bark and wood of the roots are affected and the living tissues destroved. The deca^â ma- also extend up into the bark and sapwood of the lower part cf the trunk (Fig. 6). Trees with the root system partially destroyed display general symptoms of decline and poor health, such as dead limbs, scanty and light green foliage, and but little annual growth. In conifers a large Stock Photo

RMPG14XG–. Manual of tree diseases . Trees. ROOT DISEASES AND INJURIES 79 ondary part. The fungus is so prevalent as a saprophyte that its occurrence as a wound parasite and root-rotting fungus on trees is not surprising. Symptoms. The bark and wood of the roots are affected and the living tissues destroved. The deca^â ma- also extend up into the bark and sapwood of the lower part cf the trunk (Fig. 6). Trees with the root system partially destroyed display general symptoms of decline and poor health, such as dead limbs, scanty and light green foliage, and but little annual growth. In conifers a large

. Circular (Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture. Bureau of Zoology.), 1918. Agricultural pests; Agriculture. 14 blanched or rusty appearance of the foliage, espec- ially in dry seasons. These creatures are not insects, but are closely related. Ordinary insecticides do not control them. Control:—Thorough and frequent dusting of af- fected plants with finely powdered sulfur, or fre- quent hard syringing with water under pressure, will hold them in check. COMMON PLANT DISEASES. BEAN ANTHRACNOSE. This disease is generally observed as purplish or brownish sunken spots on bean pods, although it a Stock Photo

RMREM18M–. Circular (Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture. Bureau of Zoology.), 1918. Agricultural pests; Agriculture. 14 blanched or rusty appearance of the foliage, espec- ially in dry seasons. These creatures are not insects, but are closely related. Ordinary insecticides do not control them. Control:—Thorough and frequent dusting of af- fected plants with finely powdered sulfur, or fre- quent hard syringing with water under pressure, will hold them in check. COMMON PLANT DISEASES. BEAN ANTHRACNOSE. This disease is generally observed as purplish or brownish sunken spots on bean pods, although it a

. Manual of tree diseases . Trees. 322 MANUAL OF TREE DISEASES many upright laterals arise and in time large brooms are formed. The foliage of the brooms is yellowish and the leaves smaller than normal. The ultimate effect of the production of. FiQ. 62. — Witches'-broom on black spruce caused by a dwail mistletoe. several brooms, even on an older tree, is slow starvation of the remainder of the tree. As shown in the illustration (Fig. 63), the tree finally dies, the brooms being the last part to succumb.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been d Stock Photo

RMPG0D4B–. Manual of tree diseases . Trees. 322 MANUAL OF TREE DISEASES many upright laterals arise and in time large brooms are formed. The foliage of the brooms is yellowish and the leaves smaller than normal. The ultimate effect of the production of. FiQ. 62. — Witches'-broom on black spruce caused by a dwail mistletoe. several brooms, even on an older tree, is slow starvation of the remainder of the tree. As shown in the illustration (Fig. 63), the tree finally dies, the brooms being the last part to succumb.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been d

. Bacteria in relation to plant diseases. Bacteriology; Plant diseases. 258 BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. ledon had begun to shrivel. The first leaf up showed a trace of flabbyncss. The next afternoon the other cotyledon was drooping. The other leaves showed no sign of the wilt. Two days later the vine was bowed over at the root and all the foliage had wilted. When the stem was cut a stringy bacterial slime oozed out. The vessels were gorged with a schizomycete which had flooded out into the paren- chyma. Some of the rods were distinctly larger (longer and broader) than the rest. The Stock Photo

RMRDR7PX–. Bacteria in relation to plant diseases. Bacteriology; Plant diseases. 258 BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. ledon had begun to shrivel. The first leaf up showed a trace of flabbyncss. The next afternoon the other cotyledon was drooping. The other leaves showed no sign of the wilt. Two days later the vine was bowed over at the root and all the foliage had wilted. When the stem was cut a stringy bacterial slime oozed out. The vessels were gorged with a schizomycete which had flooded out into the paren- chyma. Some of the rods were distinctly larger (longer and broader) than the rest. The

. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. 98 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES extent that the tree may be blown over under the strain of a heavy crop of fruit; (3) affected trees in bearing usually fail to mature their fruit, particularly in cases of severe infection; or the fruit matures poorly, is stunted and is of an inferior quality; (4) diseased trees often lack the normal amount of foliage ; (5) affected plants make little or no growth. Syviptoms of Armillaria root-rot. Evidence of this trouble varies with the part affected and there are no visible signs until consider- able progress has been made by Stock Photo

RMPG40Y5–. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. 98 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES extent that the tree may be blown over under the strain of a heavy crop of fruit; (3) affected trees in bearing usually fail to mature their fruit, particularly in cases of severe infection; or the fruit matures poorly, is stunted and is of an inferior quality; (4) diseased trees often lack the normal amount of foliage ; (5) affected plants make little or no growth. Syviptoms of Armillaria root-rot. Evidence of this trouble varies with the part affected and there are no visible signs until consider- able progress has been made by

RMRDCX89–. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. PEAR DISEASES 327 and a uniform browning of all the foliage simultaneously. Cankers most frequently surround the base of a spur (Fig. 85), watersprout, or small limb (Figs. 87 and 88). Cause. Fire-blight is caused by the bacterial pathogene Bacillus amylovorus. This pathogene passes its entire life-history within the tissues of the liv- ing host, except, of course, during dissemination from one place to another. It cannot survive long, even in the dead parts of the plant attacked. The organism passes the winter in an in- active condition in the tissues along

. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. 204 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES seasons nearly complete defoliation occurs. This loss of foliage interferes with the maturing of both the wood and buds, and as a result the succeeding crop is injured. Perhaps the cumulative effects constitute the worst feature. Symptoms. During the month of June, lesions appear as small brown spots (Fig. 53) on the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves. The spots may number few or several to a leaf. Each dis- eased area enlarges until it has reached a diameter of about one-eighth of an inch, and the center becomes pale with sm Stock Photo

RMPG3PEW–. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. 204 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES seasons nearly complete defoliation occurs. This loss of foliage interferes with the maturing of both the wood and buds, and as a result the succeeding crop is injured. Perhaps the cumulative effects constitute the worst feature. Symptoms. During the month of June, lesions appear as small brown spots (Fig. 53) on the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves. The spots may number few or several to a leaf. Each dis- eased area enlarges until it has reached a diameter of about one-eighth of an inch, and the center becomes pale with sm

RMRDEX6J–. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. DISEASES OF SPECIAL CROPS 79 than a pinhole, while upon the lower surface of the dis- eased spot appear some weeks later the fringe-toothed cluster cups. This spot is sometimes so abundant that its presence upon orchards may be recog- nized at great distances by the characteristic hue imparted to the foliage mass as a whole. It robs the tree of nourishment and renders normal fruit- age impossible. A peculiar relation ex- ists, in that the causal fungus spends part of its life on one plant, the apple, and the remainder upon a totally different pla

. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. Fig. 41. — Coryneum-blight disease on apricot fruits.. Fig. 42. - Coryneum-blight disease on apricot leaves. been recorded from Australia as early as 1882, and an epiphytotic was reported from Algeria in 1904. Small, reddish spots at first with light centers then becoming dark-green to black, are produced on the fruits (Fig. 41). The foliage is spotted; the affected areas are brown, but soon these fall away, leaving a shot-hole effect in the leaf (Fig. 42). Fruit-buds are sometimes killed as a result. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned Stock Photo

RMPG3R80–. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. Fig. 41. — Coryneum-blight disease on apricot fruits.. Fig. 42. - Coryneum-blight disease on apricot leaves. been recorded from Australia as early as 1882, and an epiphytotic was reported from Algeria in 1904. Small, reddish spots at first with light centers then becoming dark-green to black, are produced on the fruits (Fig. 41). The foliage is spotted; the affected areas are brown, but soon these fall away, leaving a shot-hole effect in the leaf (Fig. 42). Fruit-buds are sometimes killed as a result. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned

RMRDCXJR–. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. 204 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES seasons nearly complete defoliation occurs. This loss of foliage interferes with the maturing of both the wood and buds, and as a result the succeeding crop is injured. Perhaps the cumulative effects constitute the worst feature. Symptoms. During the month of June, lesions appear as small brown spots (Fig. 53) on the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves. The spots may number few or several to a leaf. Each dis- eased area enlarges until it has reached a diameter of about one-eighth of an inch, and the center becomes pale with sm

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fia. 416.—Sporodesmium antiquum. After Sac- caxdo. S. exitiosum var. solani Schenck is reported as the cause of a potato disease. S. solani-varians Yanha is the cause of potato disease in Europe, the foliage bearing brown spots and finally dying in a manner resembling death caused by Phytophthora. Cladosporium and pycnidial forms are said to exist. S. mucosum Sacc. was reported by Ader- holt on cucumber fruit and leaves causing disease. S. scorzonerae Aderh. causes a salsify stem and leaf disease.'^* Other parasitic species are: S. Stock Photo

RMPG45GJ–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fia. 416.—Sporodesmium antiquum. After Sac- caxdo. S. exitiosum var. solani Schenck is reported as the cause of a potato disease. S. solani-varians Yanha is the cause of potato disease in Europe, the foliage bearing brown spots and finally dying in a manner resembling death caused by Phytophthora. Cladosporium and pycnidial forms are said to exist. S. mucosum Sacc. was reported by Ader- holt on cucumber fruit and leaves causing disease. S. scorzonerae Aderh. causes a salsify stem and leaf disease.'^* Other parasitic species are: S.

RMRDDWYH–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. EFFECT OF PARASITIC FUNGI ON THE FORM OF HOST-PLANT. 23 ranunculoides under the influence of Aecidium punctahim. In the simpler cases the floral leaves were narrow, elongated, and greenish, stamens were formed but not carpels; in more pro- nounced cases, the petals were only represented as small, simple,. Fig. 5.—Cherry tree in blossom, with three "witches' brooms" in foliage, (v. Tubeuf phot.) stalked, gr

. Diseases of truck crops and their control . Vegetables. Fig. 65. Tomato Diseases. a. Various forms of vegetative cells of the yeast rot fungus, 6. ascus, j. ascosporet of the yeast rot fungus (a. to c. after Schneider), d. Phoma rot on foliage, e. Phoma rot on fruit,/, pycnidium of the Phoma rot organism, g. cross-section of a pycnidium of the Phoma funpii?;. h. T^^'^elium, *. pycnospores of same (d. to »". after Jamieson).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illu Stock Photo

RMPG4CD4–. Diseases of truck crops and their control . Vegetables. Fig. 65. Tomato Diseases. a. Various forms of vegetative cells of the yeast rot fungus, 6. ascus, j. ascosporet of the yeast rot fungus (a. to c. after Schneider), d. Phoma rot on foliage, e. Phoma rot on fruit,/, pycnidium of the Phoma rot organism, g. cross-section of a pycnidium of the Phoma funpii?;. h. T^^'^elium, *. pycnospores of same (d. to »". after Jamieson).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illu

. The care of trees, in lawn, street and park [microform] : with a list of trees and shrubs for decorative use. Trees; Jardins; Arbres; Landscape gardening. 6o Diagnosing of Diseases I. from the foliage, the newly formed rootlets dying in the dry soil. This results in premature yellowing of leaves on single branches, a shortening of the year's shoot and the drying out first of portions of the bark and finally of entire branches. In light sandy soils this deficiency of water at the root may be due to over-drainage, or, in compact soils, to the packing and caking of the surface layers, preventin Stock Photo

RMREN0DD–. The care of trees, in lawn, street and park [microform] : with a list of trees and shrubs for decorative use. Trees; Jardins; Arbres; Landscape gardening. 6o Diagnosing of Diseases I. from the foliage, the newly formed rootlets dying in the dry soil. This results in premature yellowing of leaves on single branches, a shortening of the year's shoot and the drying out first of portions of the bark and finally of entire branches. In light sandy soils this deficiency of water at the root may be due to over-drainage, or, in compact soils, to the packing and caking of the surface layers, preventin

RMPG42PW–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 162 ASCOMYCETES. into the inner tissues of newly-formed twigs and leaves. The mycelium of Ex. alpinus passes the winter in the buds, spreading thence in spring into young twigs and leaves.. Fig. 57.—Exoascus cerasi on Prunns Ceratm. Cherry-tree in blossom, with the exception of four witches' brooms. The tree is as yet leafless except the brooms, which are in full foliage and show up dark. (v. Tubeuf phot.J Exoascus

RMRDCXX2–. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. 98 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES extent that the tree may be blown over under the strain of a heavy crop of fruit; (3) affected trees in bearing usually fail to mature their fruit, particularly in cases of severe infection; or the fruit matures poorly, is stunted and is of an inferior quality; (4) diseased trees often lack the normal amount of foliage ; (5) affected plants make little or no growth. Syviptoms of Armillaria root-rot. Evidence of this trouble varies with the part affected and there are no visible signs until consider- able progress has been made by

. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. 412 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES lesions are found most commonh' on the canes (Fig. 120), although the berries may be directly affected. All or only a portion of a cane is involved, in which case the foliage suddenly wilts and becomes dry. Often only a single branch wilts; the remainder of the plant then continues normal activities and appearances (Fig. 120). Frequently only a portion of a cane is blighted, such symptoms becoming evident as soon as the leaves unfold in the spring. Lesions commonly center about a wound left in prun- ing, from which point they ext Stock Photo

RMPG3Y3A–. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. 412 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES lesions are found most commonh' on the canes (Fig. 120), although the berries may be directly affected. All or only a portion of a cane is involved, in which case the foliage suddenly wilts and becomes dry. Often only a single branch wilts; the remainder of the plant then continues normal activities and appearances (Fig. 120). Frequently only a portion of a cane is blighted, such symptoms becoming evident as soon as the leaves unfold in the spring. Lesions commonly center about a wound left in prun- ing, from which point they ext

RMRDFE5E–. Manual of tree diseases . Trees. ROOT DISEASES AND INJURIES 79 ondary part. The fungus is so prevalent as a saprophyte that its occurrence as a wound parasite and root-rotting fungus on trees is not surprising. Symptoms. The bark and wood of the roots are affected and the living tissues destroved. The deca^â ma- also extend up into the bark and sapwood of the lower part cf the trunk (Fig. 6). Trees with the root system partially destroyed display general symptoms of decline and poor health, such as dead limbs, scanty and light green foliage, and but little annual growth. In conifers a large

. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. CHERRY DISEASES 183 for several years. Finally an affected branch or trunk ma.y be girdled, as a result of which the foHage becomes yellow, then brown, and finally withers and dies. Sucli foliage hangs on the tree for some time. Below a girdled trunk, suckers may spring up from the healthy part. In addition to the cankers just described another phase of bacterial-gummosis is found in a blighting of the .spurs and buds. The first indication of this is usually not noticed until. Fig. 50. — Cherry twigs affected with bacterial-gummosis; cankera about the base o Stock Photo

RMPG3PNK–. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. CHERRY DISEASES 183 for several years. Finally an affected branch or trunk ma.y be girdled, as a result of which the foHage becomes yellow, then brown, and finally withers and dies. Sucli foliage hangs on the tree for some time. Below a girdled trunk, suckers may spring up from the healthy part. In addition to the cankers just described another phase of bacterial-gummosis is found in a blighting of the .spurs and buds. The first indication of this is usually not noticed until. Fig. 50. — Cherry twigs affected with bacterial-gummosis; cankera about the base o

. Vegetable growing projects. Vegetable gardening; Project method in teaching. ROOT CROP PROJECTS 193 13. Combating insects and diseases. — Root crops are injured by insects that suck the leaf juices, eat the foliage, or mine the leaves or roots. Radishes destroyed by root maggots and flea beetles, or carrots injured by the carrot rust fly, are interesting examples. The spinach louse (spinach aphis) is a very common pest of truck crops, feeding generally on a number of different plants in the field, or in the greenhouses where it may pass the winter. The pinkish or pale yellow soft- bodied lic Stock Photo

RMRE3JXD–. Vegetable growing projects. Vegetable gardening; Project method in teaching. ROOT CROP PROJECTS 193 13. Combating insects and diseases. — Root crops are injured by insects that suck the leaf juices, eat the foliage, or mine the leaves or roots. Radishes destroyed by root maggots and flea beetles, or carrots injured by the carrot rust fly, are interesting examples. The spinach louse (spinach aphis) is a very common pest of truck crops, feeding generally on a number of different plants in the field, or in the greenhouses where it may pass the winter. The pinkish or pale yellow soft- bodied lic

. Diseases of truck crops and their control . Vegetables. Fig. 6i. Potato Diseases. a. Black wart (after Gussow), b. late blight on foliage, c, late blight on tuber, d. successive stages of the development of the conidia of Phyiophthora infestans (6. and d. after L. R. Jones), e, germination of conidia of Phytophthora infestans, by means of zoopores (after Ward),/, mature oogonium of P. infestans (after Clinton), g. melters, surface view, early stage of infection, h. pycnidium of Phoma tuherosa (after Melhus and Rosenbaum).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images Stock Photo

RMPG4CEH–. Diseases of truck crops and their control . Vegetables. Fig. 6i. Potato Diseases. a. Black wart (after Gussow), b. late blight on foliage, c, late blight on tuber, d. successive stages of the development of the conidia of Phyiophthora infestans (6. and d. after L. R. Jones), e, germination of conidia of Phytophthora infestans, by means of zoopores (after Ward),/, mature oogonium of P. infestans (after Clinton), g. melters, surface view, early stage of infection, h. pycnidium of Phoma tuherosa (after Melhus and Rosenbaum).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images

RMRDC1TD–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. VENTURIA. 219 placed them in the genus Venturia. His investigations are, however, not quite complete. The scab or black spot of apple and pear is a very familiar disease in America and elsewhere. It attacks leaves, young shoots, and fruits. Dirty greenish spots appear first, then enlarg- ing, they run together, and darken in colour till almost black. If the attack occur on young foliage, it may be dwarfed and killed

. Diseases of truck crops and their control . Vegetables. Pig. 64. Tomato Diseases. a. Various stages of mosaic on foliage, i. c. blossom end rot, d. downy mildew, Phytophlhora infestans, e. conidia of buck-eye rot Pkytophlhora lerreslris. f. conidia of P. terrestris, germinating by means of zoospores, g. zoospores, h. mature oospores of P. terrestris, i. buck-eye rot (e. to i, after SherbakofF).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resembl Stock Photo

RMPG4CE9–. Diseases of truck crops and their control . Vegetables. Pig. 64. Tomato Diseases. a. Various stages of mosaic on foliage, i. c. blossom end rot, d. downy mildew, Phytophlhora infestans, e. conidia of buck-eye rot Pkytophlhora lerreslris. f. conidia of P. terrestris, germinating by means of zoospores, g. zoospores, h. mature oospores of P. terrestris, i. buck-eye rot (e. to i, after SherbakofF).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resembl

RMRDEXC2–. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. FUNGICIDES 37 For insects and fungous diseases on dormant trees a strength of 1 gallon of the solution to 9 to 11 gallons of water gives satisfactory results. Self-boiled Ume-sulphur wash. — The self-boiled lime- sulphur wash is a combination of lime and sulphur boiled. Fig. 10. — Making lime-sulphxir wash. After Sherman. with only the heat of the slaking lime, and is primarily intended for summer spraying as a substitute for Bordeaux mixture where the latter is injurious to foliage or fruit. For most purposes the Bordeaux mixture is as yet to be

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 617. Fia. 416.—Sporodesmium antiquum. After Sac- caxdo. S. exitiosum var. solani Schenck is reported as the cause of a potato disease. S. solani-varians Yanha is the cause of potato disease in Europe, the foliage bearing brown spots and finally dying in a manner resembling death caused by Phytophthora. Cladosporium and pycnidial forms are said to exist. S. mucosum Sacc. was reported by Ader- holt on cucumber fruit and leaves causing disease. S. scorzonerae Aderh. causes a salsify stem and leaf di Stock Photo

RMPG45GR–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 617. Fia. 416.—Sporodesmium antiquum. After Sac- caxdo. S. exitiosum var. solani Schenck is reported as the cause of a potato disease. S. solani-varians Yanha is the cause of potato disease in Europe, the foliage bearing brown spots and finally dying in a manner resembling death caused by Phytophthora. Cladosporium and pycnidial forms are said to exist. S. mucosum Sacc. was reported by Ader- holt on cucumber fruit and leaves causing disease. S. scorzonerae Aderh. causes a salsify stem and leaf di

RMREP01A–. The trees of America [microform] : native and foreign, pictorially and botanically delineated and scientifically and popularly described, being considered principally with reference to their geography and history, soil and situation, propagation and culture, accidents and diseases .... Trees; Arbres. AMERICAN ELM. 613 ââi ""ii'"Â«-si oiange, a tint that contrasts aereeablv. at this spT;r.n wiii, .1.^ pale-yellow, sober foliage of the hirch and the beech, wUh the diffSeiu'sh, 1 Jr brom, ,â the bass-wood and the ash, or with the buSlot â the larcif t1 g gei. s mt'am" Thi'^s

. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. 264 DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS spots generally show first near the tip or margin, probably because surface water remains longer on these parts. The diseased area soon dies and blackens. It may temporarily dry out and curl up if the progress of the fungus is checked by drought, or it may, in rainy weather, rap-. FiG. 119. — Potato late blight. Rows at left sprayed with Borde:iux mixture and Paris green; rows at right received Paris green only. Original. idly proceed to transform the entire foliage into a moist, putrid mass. In the earlier stage t Stock Photo

RMPG4EK1–. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. 264 DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS spots generally show first near the tip or margin, probably because surface water remains longer on these parts. The diseased area soon dies and blackens. It may temporarily dry out and curl up if the progress of the fungus is checked by drought, or it may, in rainy weather, rap-. FiG. 119. — Potato late blight. Rows at left sprayed with Borde:iux mixture and Paris green; rows at right received Paris green only. Original. idly proceed to transform the entire foliage into a moist, putrid mass. In the earlier stage t

. Diseases of cattle, sheep, goats and swine. Veterinary medicine. Fig. 84.—Dwarf larkspur (Drljihiniian tricorne), one-third natural size. Fi(i. S.5.—Cursud crowfoot (Eanunciiliis scclcratnu.) It is reported to he the most troublesome plant to stock in AVyoming. the dark-green tufts of foliage being especially tempting in spring when the prairies are otherwise dry and barren. Delphinium recuryatum.—This species of larkspur grows in wet sub- saline soil in the southern half of California. It has been reported from San Luis Obispo county as fahil to animals. Delphinium scopulorum.—The tall moun Stock Photo

RMRE03DX–. Diseases of cattle, sheep, goats and swine. Veterinary medicine. Fig. 84.—Dwarf larkspur (Drljihiniian tricorne), one-third natural size. Fi(i. S.5.—Cursud crowfoot (Eanunciiliis scclcratnu.) It is reported to he the most troublesome plant to stock in AVyoming. the dark-green tufts of foliage being especially tempting in spring when the prairies are otherwise dry and barren. Delphinium recuryatum.—This species of larkspur grows in wet sub- saline soil in the southern half of California. It has been reported from San Luis Obispo county as fahil to animals. Delphinium scopulorum.—The tall moun

. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. 284 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES. the number of peach trees destroyed by yellows between the years 1874 and 1890 is estimated at more than one-half million. Symptoms. The marked symptoms of peach-yellows consist (1) in a premature ripening of the fruit (Fig. 76) ; (2) a red spotting on the surface of the fruit; (3) the development of secondary shoots in great numbers (Fig. 77), these being dwarfed and unhealthy in appear- ance ; (4) the de- velopment of short shoot-axes with sickly foliage of a yellowish or red- dish brown color, having a tendency to roll sidewi Stock Photo

RMPG3YG9–. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. 284 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES. the number of peach trees destroyed by yellows between the years 1874 and 1890 is estimated at more than one-half million. Symptoms. The marked symptoms of peach-yellows consist (1) in a premature ripening of the fruit (Fig. 76) ; (2) a red spotting on the surface of the fruit; (3) the development of secondary shoots in great numbers (Fig. 77), these being dwarfed and unhealthy in appear- ance ; (4) the de- velopment of short shoot-axes with sickly foliage of a yellowish or red- dish brown color, having a tendency to roll sidewi

RMRDE4FH–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 121 leaf or pocket, and at right-angles to its surface. They arise just under the cuticle which is pushed up and sloughed off as the spore-sacs ripen. No breeding act has been seen to pre- cede the spore-sac formation. The sac-spores are often capa- ble of budding in yeast fashion when placed in sugar solutions, and in some of the fungi they bud in this fashion before they are released from the sac so that the latter may then contain a large number of spores. In addition to the efifect upon fruit and foliage of plums, these

. Diseases of truck crops and their control . Vegetables. Fig. 48. Diseases of Lima Bean. a. h. c. different stages of downy mildew on pods, d. tuft of conidiophores and conidia of Phythophthora phaseoli, e. same as d. but greatly enlarged, /. g. conidia germinating by means of a germ tube, h. i. j. k. germination of conidia by means of zoospores, /. germinating zoospores (d. to I. after Thaxter), m. «. fertilization of the oogonium by the anthendium, o. Phoma blight on foliage, p. Phoma blight on pods {0. and p. after Halsted), r. mature oospores of P. phaseoli (o. to c, m. n. and r. after Cl Stock Photo

RMPG4CHM–. Diseases of truck crops and their control . Vegetables. Fig. 48. Diseases of Lima Bean. a. h. c. different stages of downy mildew on pods, d. tuft of conidiophores and conidia of Phythophthora phaseoli, e. same as d. but greatly enlarged, /. g. conidia germinating by means of a germ tube, h. i. j. k. germination of conidia by means of zoospores, /. germinating zoospores (d. to I. after Thaxter), m. «. fertilization of the oogonium by the anthendium, o. Phoma blight on foliage, p. Phoma blight on pods {0. and p. after Halsted), r. mature oospores of P. phaseoli (o. to c, m. n. and r. after Cl

RMRDEWYY–. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. 108 DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS the buds are unfolding, first using an 8-10-50 mixture; second a 5-7-50 mixture. Leaf spot {Septoria piricola Desm.). — The leaf spot, while rarely completely destruc- tive to foliage or crop, does interfere with the general pro- ductiveness and health of the tree by diminishing its green surface and sometimes by caus- ing defoliation. It is known over a wide range. The leaf spot may be distin- guished from the scab and the blight by the fact that the dis- eased area is rather sharply defined and characteristically

. The care of trees in lawn, street and park, with a list of trees and shrubs for decorative use. Trees; Trees. 296 Trees for Shade and Ornament Two Japanese Crabs, both perfectly hardy and free from insects and diseases, are often planted. Fig 103 — Pirus haccata Linn P fionhunda Nichols (255), one of the most ornamental of its kind, a dwarf, with a profusion of rich rose red flowers m eaily spring, contmu mg into the summer, followed by a red fruit on long stalks The van ety Parhnami (255^7), with rich dark foliage and semi double flowers, has proed less hardy - R. Tonngo Sieb (256), also a Stock Photo

RMPFXCDR–. The care of trees in lawn, street and park, with a list of trees and shrubs for decorative use. Trees; Trees. 296 Trees for Shade and Ornament Two Japanese Crabs, both perfectly hardy and free from insects and diseases, are often planted. Fig 103 — Pirus haccata Linn P fionhunda Nichols (255), one of the most ornamental of its kind, a dwarf, with a profusion of rich rose red flowers m eaily spring, contmu mg into the summer, followed by a red fruit on long stalks The van ety Parhnami (255^7), with rich dark foliage and semi double flowers, has proed less hardy - R. Tonngo Sieb (256), also a

. Florists' review [microform]. Floriculture. 18 The Florists^ Review April 8, 1»20 per fort specimen for the lawn or formal uvonuo. "The bur oak, scarlet oak and white oak are all , which ought always to bo 'ransplauted before it exceeds two have high value for street planting througli their resistance to dust, gas an(i smoke. Foremost of these is the orien- tal ])lane or European sycamore, a large, spreading species somewhat similar to its American j)rototype, but in most re- gards a finer, more desirable tree. The foliage of this plane is quite free from the fungous diseases that disfi Stock Photo

RMRRJ2EY–. Florists' review [microform]. Floriculture. 18 The Florists^ Review April 8, 1»20 per fort specimen for the lawn or formal uvonuo. "The bur oak, scarlet oak and white oak are all , which ought always to bo 'ransplauted before it exceeds two have high value for street planting througli their resistance to dust, gas an(i smoke. Foremost of these is the orien- tal ])lane or European sycamore, a large, spreading species somewhat similar to its American j)rototype, but in most re- gards a finer, more desirable tree. The foliage of this plane is quite free from the fungous diseases that disfi

. Florists' review [microform]. Floriculture. dead and decaying foliage. Give them all possible sunshine and keep rubbish away from below the benches. Perfect cleanliness, careful watering, keeping the plants rather on the dry side, full sunlight and plenty of fresh air are the conditions that geraniums need. Avoid a close, stuffy atmosphere, which would breed such diseases as you have. C. W. INSUTFICIENT PROTECTION. We have some geraniums from cut- tings taken last fall which were outside all winter in frames. They were taken from pits, repotted into 3-inch, 4-inch and 5-inch pots and placed Stock Photo

RMRRDXCG–. Florists' review [microform]. Floriculture. dead and decaying foliage. Give them all possible sunshine and keep rubbish away from below the benches. Perfect cleanliness, careful watering, keeping the plants rather on the dry side, full sunlight and plenty of fresh air are the conditions that geraniums need. Avoid a close, stuffy atmosphere, which would breed such diseases as you have. C. W. INSUTFICIENT PROTECTION. We have some geraniums from cut- tings taken last fall which were outside all winter in frames. They were taken from pits, repotted into 3-inch, 4-inch and 5-inch pots and placed

. Bacteria in relation to plant diseases. Bacteriology; Plant diseases. BLACK ROT OP CRUCIFEROUS PLANTS. 301 SIGNS OF THE DISEASE. There is usually little difficulty in determining the existence of this disease. It is not a soft rot, although it may be complicated by the appearance of soft rots. A striking characteristic, especially in cabbages, is the yellowing of the foliage accompanied by a black stain in the vascular system. This stain in the veins often causes patches of the leaf to appear as a conspicuous black network on a yellowish or light brown background (fig. 98). The reader may co Stock Photo

RMRDR7K9–. Bacteria in relation to plant diseases. Bacteriology; Plant diseases. BLACK ROT OP CRUCIFEROUS PLANTS. 301 SIGNS OF THE DISEASE. There is usually little difficulty in determining the existence of this disease. It is not a soft rot, although it may be complicated by the appearance of soft rots. A striking characteristic, especially in cabbages, is the yellowing of the foliage accompanied by a black stain in the vascular system. This stain in the veins often causes patches of the leaf to appear as a conspicuous black network on a yellowish or light brown background (fig. 98). The reader may co

RMRDCX53–. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. 370 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES Symptoms. In the beginning the disease is confined to a single branch or twig; but from year to year other branches are affected until the whole tree is involved. Very frequently one or more twigs are killed before the trouble extends to the rest of the tree. In many cases three to six years elapse before the tree is wholly killed. The external signs of the disease are confined to the leaves. Affected foliage generally re- mains normal as to size and form, but the surfaces, instead of exhibiting the normal green color, show a pec

. Insects and plant diseases [microform] : instructions in spraying. Spraying and dusting in agriculture; Agricultural pests; Pulvérisation et poudrage en agriculture; Ennemis des cultures, Lutte contre les. Tent Caterpillar : a and '.. caterpillarN ; c effs cluster ; '/, cocoon. Tent Caterpillar .Moth. These inaecta weave large webs in the branchoa of the apple tree and do much damage feed ing upon the foliage of the treea They alao attack the plum and cherry. The egga—200 to 300 —»re laid in nnga upon the twigs of the frees and can be readily aeen, ao that many of them might be easily deatro Stock Photo

RMREMT97–. Insects and plant diseases [microform] : instructions in spraying. Spraying and dusting in agriculture; Agricultural pests; Pulvérisation et poudrage en agriculture; Ennemis des cultures, Lutte contre les. Tent Caterpillar : a and '.. caterpillarN ; c effs cluster ; '/, cocoon. Tent Caterpillar .Moth. These inaecta weave large webs in the branchoa of the apple tree and do much damage feed ing upon the foliage of the treea They alao attack the plum and cherry. The egga—200 to 300 —»re laid in nnga upon the twigs of the frees and can be readily aeen, ao that many of them might be easily deatro

. Spraying for the prevention of fungous diseases [microform]. Fruit; Fruit-culture; Potatoes; Fruits; Arboriculture fruitiFre; Pomme de terre. 18 PEARS. Pear trees were sprayed to prevent " leaf blight » and the " crack- ing and spotting » of the fruit. The best results gained showed that i'lemish Beauty pears sprayed, yielded 75 per cent more marketable truit than those unsprayed, Beurr^ Giffard gave practically the same results. The foliage of the treated trees was vastly superior to that on trees unsprayed. Two sprayings before the blossoms opened gave better results than three s Stock Photo

RMREKJ88–. Spraying for the prevention of fungous diseases [microform]. Fruit; Fruit-culture; Potatoes; Fruits; Arboriculture fruitiFre; Pomme de terre. 18 PEARS. Pear trees were sprayed to prevent " leaf blight » and the " crack- ing and spotting » of the fruit. The best results gained showed that i'lemish Beauty pears sprayed, yielded 75 per cent more marketable truit than those unsprayed, Beurr^ Giffard gave practically the same results. The foliage of the treated trees was vastly superior to that on trees unsprayed. Two sprayings before the blossoms opened gave better results than three s

RMRDC2D7–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 162 ASCOMYCETES. into the inner tissues of newly-formed twigs and leaves. The mycelium of Ex. alpinus passes the winter in the buds, spreading thence in spring into young twigs and leaves.. Fig. 57.—Exoascus cerasi on Prunns Ceratm. Cherry-tree in blossom, with the exception of four witches' brooms. The tree is as yet leafless except the brooms, which are in full foliage and show up dark. (v. Tubeuf phot.J Exoascus

RMRDE0AD–. Diseases of truck crops and their control . Vegetables. Fig. 6i. Potato Diseases. a. Black wart (after Gussow), b. late blight on foliage, c, late blight on tuber, d. successive stages of the development of the conidia of Phyiophthora infestans (6. and d. after L. R. Jones), e, germination of conidia of Phytophthora infestans, by means of zoopores (after Ward),/, mature oogonium of P. infestans (after Clinton), g. melters, surface view, early stage of infection, h. pycnidium of Phoma tuherosa (after Melhus and Rosenbaum).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images

. Horticulture; a text book for high schools and normals. Gardening; Vegetable gardening; Fruit-culture. PEACH YELLOWS 219 Peach Leaf Curl.—This is a fungous disease which affects the foliage of stone fruits and often causes severe dropping of leaves. Fig. 148.- -Brown rot (monilia) on peach and plum. It affects the fruit, twigs, and leaves of all stone fruits. in early summer or later (Fig. 149). The trouble is usually- controlled without special effort while spraying orchards with fungicides for other diseases such as brown rot and scab. Peach Scab is a serious disease of the peach in some s Stock Photo

RMRDXN6N–. Horticulture; a text book for high schools and normals. Gardening; Vegetable gardening; Fruit-culture. PEACH YELLOWS 219 Peach Leaf Curl.—This is a fungous disease which affects the foliage of stone fruits and often causes severe dropping of leaves. Fig. 148.- -Brown rot (monilia) on peach and plum. It affects the fruit, twigs, and leaves of all stone fruits. in early summer or later (Fig. 149). The trouble is usually- controlled without special effort while spraying orchards with fungicides for other diseases such as brown rot and scab. Peach Scab is a serious disease of the peach in some s

RMRDE4Y7–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fia. 416.—Sporodesmium antiquum. After Sac- caxdo. S. exitiosum var. solani Schenck is reported as the cause of a potato disease. S. solani-varians Yanha is the cause of potato disease in Europe, the foliage bearing brown spots and finally dying in a manner resembling death caused by Phytophthora. Cladosporium and pycnidial forms are said to exist. S. mucosum Sacc. was reported by Ader- holt on cucumber fruit and leaves causing disease. S. scorzonerae Aderh. causes a salsify stem and leaf disease.'^* Other parasitic species are: S.

RMRDCXP2–. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. Fig. 41. — Coryneum-blight disease on apricot fruits.. Fig. 42. - Coryneum-blight disease on apricot leaves. been recorded from Australia as early as 1882, and an epiphytotic was reported from Algeria in 1904. Small, reddish spots at first with light centers then becoming dark-green to black, are produced on the fruits (Fig. 41). The foliage is spotted; the affected areas are brown, but soon these fall away, leaving a shot-hole effect in the leaf (Fig. 42). Fruit-buds are sometimes killed as a result. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned

RMREP22P–. The trees of America [microform] : native and foreign, pictorially and botanically delineated and scientifically and popularly described, being considered principally with reference to their geography and history, soil and situation, propagation and culture, accidents and diseases .... Trees; Arbres. %V t^'f^ rubrum, wliether kOFP 1-1 ^'"^^*^'' "'â "^ foliage, .^)^JJ^(@ I'ke Its congeners, is a beautiful tree. Although ir^TTTT"*^" s(RssÂ«.A^ia oeautitul tree. A!thouo-h It neither attanis tlio size nor the hei-ht of thp sugar maple, it much resembles ha^^t^ee L ts gen

RMRDE08J–. Diseases of truck crops and their control . Vegetables. Fig. 65. Tomato Diseases. a. Various forms of vegetative cells of the yeast rot fungus, 6. ascus, j. ascosporet of the yeast rot fungus (a. to c. after Schneider), d. Phoma rot on foliage, e. Phoma rot on fruit,/, pycnidium of the Phoma rot organism, g. cross-section of a pycnidium of the Phoma funpii?;. h. T^^'^elium, *. pycnospores of same (d. to »". after Jamieson).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illu

RMRDC0MP–. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. 412 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES lesions are found most commonh' on the canes (Fig. 120), although the berries may be directly affected. All or only a portion of a cane is involved, in which case the foliage suddenly wilts and becomes dry. Often only a single branch wilts; the remainder of the plant then continues normal activities and appearances (Fig. 120). Frequently only a portion of a cane is blighted, such symptoms becoming evident as soon as the leaves unfold in the spring. Lesions commonly center about a wound left in prun- ing, from which point they ext

. Bacteria in relation to plant diseases. Bacteriology; Plant diseases. 302 BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. of cabbages and the basal part of the stem are generally quite woody; these parts, therefore, are not usually affected except in young plants. Sometimes a well-grown cabbage plant badly diseased in the foliage will show a few insignificant black specks in its woody base, but more commonly there will be none whatever unless the plant has been diseased from the time it was a seedling. In turnips the most striking signs are usually in the fleshy root which may not be well developed, Stock Photo

RMRDR7K5–. Bacteria in relation to plant diseases. Bacteriology; Plant diseases. 302 BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. of cabbages and the basal part of the stem are generally quite woody; these parts, therefore, are not usually affected except in young plants. Sometimes a well-grown cabbage plant badly diseased in the foliage will show a few insignificant black specks in its woody base, but more commonly there will be none whatever unless the plant has been diseased from the time it was a seedling. In turnips the most striking signs are usually in the fleshy root which may not be well developed,

. Spraying for the prevention of fungous diseases [microform]. Fruit; Fruit-culture; Potatoes; Fruits; Arboriculture fruitiFre; Pomme de terre. Besides protecting apple trees from the attacks of the Codling Moth,. m2 with Paris green immediately after the flowers have fallen will spray destroy many other worms, Tent caterpillars, etc. enemies which fcecion the foliage, such as the Canker larva hatchc cations. T is by poison immunity o Curcuiio ; I trouble and growers has cal of all tli; The beetl of i[ay and take place I with Siilphat ounces Paris fungons dise, ing should b( subsequent s] suf Stock Photo

RMREKJ6X–. Spraying for the prevention of fungous diseases [microform]. Fruit; Fruit-culture; Potatoes; Fruits; Arboriculture fruitiFre; Pomme de terre. Besides protecting apple trees from the attacks of the Codling Moth,. m2 with Paris green immediately after the flowers have fallen will spray destroy many other worms, Tent caterpillars, etc. enemies which fcecion the foliage, such as the Canker larva hatchc cations. T is by poison immunity o Curcuiio ; I trouble and growers has cal of all tli; The beetl of i[ay and take place I with Siilphat ounces Paris fungons dise, ing should b( subsequent s] suf

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