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Ctenidia Stock Photos and Images
Close up of Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) at night. Egypt, Red Sea Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-close-up-of-cuttlefish-sepia-officinalis-at-night-egypt-red-sea-37936822.htmlRMC5M4PE–Close up of Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) at night. Egypt, Red Sea
. Outlines of zoology. phridia. The rest of the cavity of the body is hamocoelic.The vascular system is almost always well developed, butpart of the circulation is in most cases lacunar; the hearttypically consists of a ventricle and two auricles. Respiratoryorgans are most typically represented by gills or ctenidia,consisting of an axis attached to the body and bearing lamellcR,hut the gills may have simpler forms, or may be absent, andin the terrestrial snails the mantle cavity is adapted foraerial respiration. At the base of the gills there is getierallyan olfactory organ or vsphradium. The Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/outlines-of-zoology-phridia-the-rest-of-the-cavity-of-the-body-is-hamocoelicthe-vascular-system-is-almost-always-well-developed-butpart-of-the-circulation-is-in-most-cases-lacunar-the-hearttypically-consists-of-a-ventricle-and-two-auricles-respiratoryorgans-are-most-typically-represented-by-gills-or-ctenidiaconsisting-of-an-axis-attached-to-the-body-and-bearing-lamellcrhut-the-gills-may-have-simpler-forms-or-may-be-absent-andin-the-terrestrial-snails-the-mantle-cavity-is-adapted-foraerial-respiration-at-the-base-of-the-gills-there-is-getierallyan-olfactory-organ-or-vsphradium-the-image337147498.htmlRM2AGEB22–. Outlines of zoology. phridia. The rest of the cavity of the body is hamocoelic.The vascular system is almost always well developed, butpart of the circulation is in most cases lacunar; the hearttypically consists of a ventricle and two auricles. Respiratoryorgans are most typically represented by gills or ctenidia,consisting of an axis attached to the body and bearing lamellcR,hut the gills may have simpler forms, or may be absent, andin the terrestrial snails the mantle cavity is adapted foraerial respiration. At the base of the gills there is getierallyan olfactory organ or vsphradium. The
Longfin Inshore Squid (Loligo pealeii), also known as the Atlantic Long-Finned Squid. New England, USA, North Atlantic Ocean Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-longfin-inshore-squid-loligo-pealeii-also-known-as-the-atlantic-long-37936819.htmlRMC5M4PB–Longfin Inshore Squid (Loligo pealeii), also known as the Atlantic Long-Finned Squid. New England, USA, North Atlantic Ocean
. A manual of zoology. Zoology. II. ACEPHALA: PROTOCHONCHLE 323 Order I. Protochonchiae. The primitive character of these forms is shown by the structure of the gills, which are either ctenidia (Protobranchiata) or filamentary (Fili- branchiata), yet here and there, as in the scallops and oysters (Pseudo- lamellibranchiata), the fusion of gill filaments is already begun. Hinge and ligament are symmetrical wdth regard to the umbo, or vary little from symmetry. Hinge teeth may be lacking, and the ligament is wholly or in part internal. The mantle edges are free, and rarely is there the first tra Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-zoology-ii-acephala-protochonchle-323-order-i-protochonchiae-the-primitive-character-of-these-forms-is-shown-by-the-structure-of-the-gills-which-are-either-ctenidia-protobranchiata-or-filamentary-fili-branchiata-yet-here-and-there-as-in-the-scallops-and-oysters-pseudo-lamellibranchiata-the-fusion-of-gill-filaments-is-already-begun-hinge-and-ligament-are-symmetrical-wdth-regard-to-the-umbo-or-vary-little-from-symmetry-hinge-teeth-may-be-lacking-and-the-ligament-is-wholly-or-in-part-internal-the-mantle-edges-are-free-and-rarely-is-there-the-first-tra-image216446725.htmlRMPG4005–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. II. ACEPHALA: PROTOCHONCHLE 323 Order I. Protochonchiae. The primitive character of these forms is shown by the structure of the gills, which are either ctenidia (Protobranchiata) or filamentary (Fili- branchiata), yet here and there, as in the scallops and oysters (Pseudo- lamellibranchiata), the fusion of gill filaments is already begun. Hinge and ligament are symmetrical wdth regard to the umbo, or vary little from symmetry. Hinge teeth may be lacking, and the ligament is wholly or in part internal. The mantle edges are free, and rarely is there the first tra
Quarterly journal of microscopical science . accepted nearly by all morphologists, thatthe ancestral form of molluscs was of bilaterally symmetricalbuild, and that the anus (A.) and mantle (M.) cavity weresituated at the aboral end of the animal. Spengel,^ Biitschli(5), Ray Lankester (21), Lang (17), and others have built uptheir theories on the asymmetry and torsion on this hypo-thesis. The existence of the bilateral symmetry furtherimplies that the ancestral form possessed paired ctenidia{Br.), osphradia, and nephridia (N.). The nephridia weretubes with a medium glandular portion having a co Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/quarterly-journal-of-microscopical-science-accepted-nearly-by-all-morphologists-thatthe-ancestral-form-of-molluscs-was-of-bilaterally-symmetricalbuild-and-that-the-anus-a-and-mantle-m-cavity-weresituated-at-the-aboral-end-of-the-animal-spengel-biitschli5-ray-lankester-21-lang-17-and-others-have-built-uptheir-theories-on-the-asymmetry-and-torsion-on-this-hypo-thesis-the-existence-of-the-bilateral-symmetry-furtherimplies-that-the-ancestral-form-possessed-paired-ctenidiabr-osphradia-and-nephridia-n-the-nephridia-weretubes-with-a-medium-glandular-portion-having-a-co-image338196434.htmlRM2AJ6502–Quarterly journal of microscopical science . accepted nearly by all morphologists, thatthe ancestral form of molluscs was of bilaterally symmetricalbuild, and that the anus (A.) and mantle (M.) cavity weresituated at the aboral end of the animal. Spengel,^ Biitschli(5), Ray Lankester (21), Lang (17), and others have built uptheir theories on the asymmetry and torsion on this hypo-thesis. The existence of the bilateral symmetry furtherimplies that the ancestral form possessed paired ctenidia{Br.), osphradia, and nephridia (N.). The nephridia weretubes with a medium glandular portion having a co
Short-fin Squid (Illex illecebrosus) swims in open ocean. New England (USA) - North Atlantic Ocean. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-short-fin-squid-illex-illecebrosus-swims-in-open-ocean-new-england-37936817.htmlRMC5M4P9–Short-fin Squid (Illex illecebrosus) swims in open ocean. New England (USA) - North Atlantic Ocean.
. A manual of zoology. Zoology. IV. GASTEROPODA; PROSOBRANCHIA 333 In the development the great constancy with which the veliger stage (figs. 313, 314) appears is noticeable. Most marine Iarv£c swim at the surface by their velum before creeping at the bottom. But in those cases where the snail leaves the egg in the adult form the velum is usually developed in embryonic life, sometimes so strongly that the embryo rotates in the surrounding ihiid. « Order I. Prosobranchia. In the prosobranchs the twisting of the body has brought the ctenidia and consequently the auricles in front of the ventricl Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-zoology-iv-gasteropoda-prosobranchia-333-in-the-development-the-great-constancy-with-which-the-veliger-stage-figs-313-314-appears-is-noticeable-most-marine-iarvc-swim-at-the-surface-by-their-velum-before-creeping-at-the-bottom-but-in-those-cases-where-the-snail-leaves-the-egg-in-the-adult-form-the-velum-is-usually-developed-in-embryonic-life-sometimes-so-strongly-that-the-embryo-rotates-in-the-surrounding-ihiid-order-i-prosobranchia-in-the-prosobranchs-the-twisting-of-the-body-has-brought-the-ctenidia-and-consequently-the-auricles-in-front-of-the-ventricl-image216446628.htmlRMPG3YTM–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. IV. GASTEROPODA; PROSOBRANCHIA 333 In the development the great constancy with which the veliger stage (figs. 313, 314) appears is noticeable. Most marine Iarv£c swim at the surface by their velum before creeping at the bottom. But in those cases where the snail leaves the egg in the adult form the velum is usually developed in embryonic life, sometimes so strongly that the embryo rotates in the surrounding ihiid. « Order I. Prosobranchia. In the prosobranchs the twisting of the body has brought the ctenidia and consequently the auricles in front of the ventricl
Short-fin Squid (Illex coindetti) swimming at night. Egypt, Red Sea Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-short-fin-squid-illex-coindetti-swimming-at-night-egypt-red-sea-37936852.htmlRMC5M4RG–Short-fin Squid (Illex coindetti) swimming at night. Egypt, Red Sea
. Guide leaflet. al spines and, in distinction from Neofrsylla,the eyes are distinct. In Ceratophyllus the head has no ctenidia butthe pronotum does; the last tarsal joint has five pairs of lateral spines.In Pulcx and Xenopsylla neither the head nor the pronotum hasctenidia. The distinction between these two genera is chiefly based 49 AMERICAN MUSEUM GUIDE LEAFLETS on internal anatomy. Ceratophyllus fasciatus is the rat and plagueflea of temperate regions. It feeds on rats, mice, skunks, and man.In America, it seems to be confined to California; but it also occursabundantly in Europe. Xenopsyl Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/guide-leaflet-al-spines-and-in-distinction-from-neofrsyllathe-eyes-are-distinct-in-ceratophyllus-the-head-has-no-ctenidia-butthe-pronotum-does-the-last-tarsal-joint-has-five-pairs-of-lateral-spinesin-pulcx-and-xenopsylla-neither-the-head-nor-the-pronotum-hasctenidia-the-distinction-between-these-two-genera-is-chiefly-based-49-american-museum-guide-leaflets-on-internal-anatomy-ceratophyllus-fasciatus-is-the-rat-and-plagueflea-of-temperate-regions-it-feeds-on-rats-mice-skunks-and-manin-america-it-seems-to-be-confined-to-california-but-it-also-occursabundantly-in-europe-xenopsyl-image370306591.htmlRM2CECWRB–. Guide leaflet. al spines and, in distinction from Neofrsylla,the eyes are distinct. In Ceratophyllus the head has no ctenidia butthe pronotum does; the last tarsal joint has five pairs of lateral spines.In Pulcx and Xenopsylla neither the head nor the pronotum hasctenidia. The distinction between these two genera is chiefly based 49 AMERICAN MUSEUM GUIDE LEAFLETS on internal anatomy. Ceratophyllus fasciatus is the rat and plagueflea of temperate regions. It feeds on rats, mice, skunks, and man.In America, it seems to be confined to California; but it also occursabundantly in Europe. Xenopsyl
. A manual of zoology. Zoology. IV. GASTEROPODA 331 supraintestinal), while the left passes under the intestine to the right side (subintestinal), the cerebrovisceral commissures being twisted like the figure 8. The strong development of the pharynx is accompanied by buccal ganglia. Gills, heart, and nephridia are best treated together. Certain genera {Haliolis,Fissurella, etc.) recall the Acephala in having the heart traversed by the intestine, the paired ctenidia, nephridia and nephridial ducts, and two auricles to the heart. As a rule the asymmetry induced by the torsion of the body has res Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-zoology-iv-gasteropoda-331-supraintestinal-while-the-left-passes-under-the-intestine-to-the-right-side-subintestinal-the-cerebrovisceral-commissures-being-twisted-like-the-figure-8-the-strong-development-of-the-pharynx-is-accompanied-by-buccal-ganglia-gills-heart-and-nephridia-are-best-treated-together-certain-genera-haliolisfissurella-etc-recall-the-acephala-in-having-the-heart-traversed-by-the-intestine-the-paired-ctenidia-nephridia-and-nephridial-ducts-and-two-auricles-to-the-heart-as-a-rule-the-asymmetry-induced-by-the-torsion-of-the-body-has-res-image216446641.htmlRMPG3YW5–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. IV. GASTEROPODA 331 supraintestinal), while the left passes under the intestine to the right side (subintestinal), the cerebrovisceral commissures being twisted like the figure 8. The strong development of the pharynx is accompanied by buccal ganglia. Gills, heart, and nephridia are best treated together. Certain genera {Haliolis,Fissurella, etc.) recall the Acephala in having the heart traversed by the intestine, the paired ctenidia, nephridia and nephridial ducts, and two auricles to the heart. As a rule the asymmetry induced by the torsion of the body has res
Short-fin Squid (Illex coindetti) swimming at night. Egypt, Red Sea Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-short-fin-squid-illex-coindetti-swimming-at-night-egypt-red-sea-37936828.htmlRMC5M4PM–Short-fin Squid (Illex coindetti) swimming at night. Egypt, Red Sea
. A manual of zoology. Zoology. II. ACEPHALA: PROTOCHONCHLE 323 Order I. Protochonchiae. The primitive character of these forms is shown by the structure of the gills, which are either ctenidia (Protobranchiata) or filamentary (Fili- branchiata), yet here and there, as in the scallops and oysters (Pseudo- lamellibranchiata), the fusion of gill filaments is already begun. Hinge and ligament are symmetrical wdth regard to the umbo, or vary little from symmetry. Hinge teeth may be lacking, and the ligament is wholly or in part internal. The mantle edges are free, and rarely is there the first tra Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-zoology-ii-acephala-protochonchle-323-order-i-protochonchiae-the-primitive-character-of-these-forms-is-shown-by-the-structure-of-the-gills-which-are-either-ctenidia-protobranchiata-or-filamentary-fili-branchiata-yet-here-and-there-as-in-the-scallops-and-oysters-pseudo-lamellibranchiata-the-fusion-of-gill-filaments-is-already-begun-hinge-and-ligament-are-symmetrical-wdth-regard-to-the-umbo-or-vary-little-from-symmetry-hinge-teeth-may-be-lacking-and-the-ligament-is-wholly-or-in-part-internal-the-mantle-edges-are-free-and-rarely-is-there-the-first-tra-image232132776.htmlRMRDJFM8–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. II. ACEPHALA: PROTOCHONCHLE 323 Order I. Protochonchiae. The primitive character of these forms is shown by the structure of the gills, which are either ctenidia (Protobranchiata) or filamentary (Fili- branchiata), yet here and there, as in the scallops and oysters (Pseudo- lamellibranchiata), the fusion of gill filaments is already begun. Hinge and ligament are symmetrical wdth regard to the umbo, or vary little from symmetry. Hinge teeth may be lacking, and the ligament is wholly or in part internal. The mantle edges are free, and rarely is there the first tra
. A manual of zoology. Zoology. Fig. 343. Fig. 344. Fig. 343.—Hyalcea complanala from above (after Gegenbaur). a, anus; br, gill; c, heart; g, gonad; h, liver; m, mantle; oe, oesophagus; re, nephridium; ^', stomach; //, pedal ganglion and otocyst. Fig. 344.—A, Clione papilionacea.* Cavolinid^ make the 'pterpod ooze' of the deep seas. GYMNOSOMATA; shell lacking. Pneumodermon, Clioiie* Sub Order III. NUDIBRANCHIA. Shell, ctenidia, and osphradia lacking; most possessing accessory gills (cerata) of varying form and distribution. Doridiid^ (Fig. 345J. Tritoniid^, JEolivx. Please note that these ima Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-zoology-fig-343-fig-344-fig-343hyalcea-complanala-from-above-after-gegenbaur-a-anus-br-gill-c-heart-g-gonad-h-liver-m-mantle-oe-oesophagus-re-nephridium-stomach-pedal-ganglion-and-otocyst-fig-344a-clione-papilionacea-cavolinid-make-the-pterpod-ooze-of-the-deep-seas-gymnosomata-shell-lacking-pneumodermon-clioiie-sub-order-iii-nudibranchia-shell-ctenidia-and-osphradia-lacking-most-possessing-accessory-gills-cerata-of-varying-form-and-distribution-doridiid-fig-345j-tritoniid-jeolivx-please-note-that-these-ima-image216446612.htmlRMPG3YT4–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. Fig. 343. Fig. 344. Fig. 343.—Hyalcea complanala from above (after Gegenbaur). a, anus; br, gill; c, heart; g, gonad; h, liver; m, mantle; oe, oesophagus; re, nephridium; ^', stomach; //, pedal ganglion and otocyst. Fig. 344.—A, Clione papilionacea.* Cavolinid^ make the 'pterpod ooze' of the deep seas. GYMNOSOMATA; shell lacking. Pneumodermon, Clioiie* Sub Order III. NUDIBRANCHIA. Shell, ctenidia, and osphradia lacking; most possessing accessory gills (cerata) of varying form and distribution. Doridiid^ (Fig. 345J. Tritoniid^, JEolivx. Please note that these ima
Bigfin Reef Squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) and diver. Egypt - Red Sea. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-bigfin-reef-squid-sepioteuthis-lessoniana-and-diver-egypt-red-sea-37936839.htmlRMC5M4R3–Bigfin Reef Squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) and diver. Egypt - Red Sea.
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Marine biology. ADAPTATIONS IN MALLEUS AND ISOGNOMON 401 in growth gradients involving straightening and extension of the ctenidia. The difference between /. ephippium and /. isognomon (cf. Figs. 7 and 8) is brought about in this way and is associated with change to a vertical posture and a modified mode of life.. Figure 13. Pteriacea: drawings illustrating major adaptations and habitats of representa- tive genera and species. A, Pinctada or Isognomon ephippium (alivincular and multivincular ligaments, respectively), rounded lying on right valve, by Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-biological-bulletin-biology-zoology-marine-biology-adaptations-in-malleus-and-isognomon-401-in-growth-gradients-involving-straightening-and-extension-of-the-ctenidia-the-difference-between-ephippium-and-isognomon-cf-figs-7-and-8-is-brought-about-in-this-way-and-is-associated-with-change-to-a-vertical-posture-and-a-modified-mode-of-life-figure-13-pteriacea-drawings-illustrating-major-adaptations-and-habitats-of-representa-tive-genera-and-species-a-pinctada-or-isognomon-ephippium-alivincular-and-multivincular-ligaments-respectively-rounded-lying-on-right-valve-by-image234612853.htmlRMRHKF2D–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Marine biology. ADAPTATIONS IN MALLEUS AND ISOGNOMON 401 in growth gradients involving straightening and extension of the ctenidia. The difference between /. ephippium and /. isognomon (cf. Figs. 7 and 8) is brought about in this way and is associated with change to a vertical posture and a modified mode of life.. Figure 13. Pteriacea: drawings illustrating major adaptations and habitats of representa- tive genera and species. A, Pinctada or Isognomon ephippium (alivincular and multivincular ligaments, respectively), rounded lying on right valve, by
. A manual of zoology. PHYLUM MOLLUSCA 283 ficial layer of the shell valves. The megalsesthetes may take the form of eyes, with cornea, lens, pigment layer with iris, and retina. There are two symmetrical nephridia (Fig. 170) opening internally into the pericardium by a ciliated funnel-like opening (n. fieri, afi), and clen. €Z7L Fig. 170. — Chiton, nephridial and genital systems, an, anus; cten, ctenidia; gen. ap, genital aperture; gon, gonad; gouod, gonoduct; mo, mouth; neph. ap, nephridial aperture; n.peri. ap, aperture from nephridia to pericardium. (From Simroth, after Haller and Lang.) o Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-phylum-mollusca-283-ficial-layer-of-the-shell-valves-the-megalsesthetes-may-take-the-form-of-eyes-with-cornea-lens-pigment-layer-with-iris-and-retina-there-are-two-symmetrical-nephridia-fig-170-opening-internally-into-the-pericardium-by-a-ciliated-funnel-like-opening-n-fieri-afi-and-clen-z7l-fig-170-chiton-nephridial-and-genital-systems-an-anus-cten-ctenidia-gen-ap-genital-aperture-gon-gonad-gouod-gonoduct-mo-mouth-neph-ap-nephridial-aperture-nperi-ap-aperture-from-nephridia-to-pericardium-from-simroth-after-haller-and-lang-o-image216446887.htmlRMPG405Y–. A manual of zoology. PHYLUM MOLLUSCA 283 ficial layer of the shell valves. The megalsesthetes may take the form of eyes, with cornea, lens, pigment layer with iris, and retina. There are two symmetrical nephridia (Fig. 170) opening internally into the pericardium by a ciliated funnel-like opening (n. fieri, afi), and clen. €Z7L Fig. 170. — Chiton, nephridial and genital systems, an, anus; cten, ctenidia; gen. ap, genital aperture; gon, gonad; gouod, gonoduct; mo, mouth; neph. ap, nephridial aperture; n.peri. ap, aperture from nephridia to pericardium. (From Simroth, after Haller and Lang.) o
Short-fin Squid (Illex coindetti) swimming at night. Egypt, Red Sea Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-short-fin-squid-illex-coindetti-swimming-at-night-egypt-red-sea-37936827.htmlRMC5M4PK–Short-fin Squid (Illex coindetti) swimming at night. Egypt, Red Sea
![. A textbook of invertebrate morphology [microform]. Invertebrates; Morphology (Animals); Invertébrés; Morphologie (Animaux). TYPK M0LLU8CA. 359 rated from the rest of the h)be—that of the left side becoraiug modilied into a couical structure, himelhited at the extremity and destitute of tentacles, formin«^ what is termed the spadix, ])rol)al)ly homolojjjous with the hectocotyli/ed arm of the male Octopods and Decapods. ii. Orclor Dibranchia. The members of this order, which includes the majoiitv of living Ceplialopods, ])ossess but a sinj^lo pair of ctenidia, ne|)liri(lia, and aurich^s, and l Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RJ3B38/a-textbook-of-invertebrate-morphology-microform-invertebrates-morphology-animals-invertbrs-morphologie-animaux-typk-m0llu8ca-359-rated-from-the-rest-of-the-hbethat-of-the-left-side-becoraiug-modilied-into-a-couical-structure-himelhited-at-the-extremity-and-destitute-of-tentacles-formin-what-is-termed-the-spadix-rolally-homolojjjous-with-the-hectocotylied-arm-of-the-male-octopods-and-decapods-ii-orclor-dibranchia-the-members-of-this-order-which-includes-the-majoiitv-of-living-ceplialopods-ossess-but-a-sinjlo-pair-of-ctenidia-nelirilia-and-aurichs-and-l-RJ3B38.jpg ". A textbook of invertebrate morphology [microform]. Invertebrates; Morphology (Animals); Invertébrés; Morphologie (Animaux). TYPK M0LLU8CA. 359 rated from the rest of the h)be—that of the left side becoraiug modilied into a couical structure, himelhited at the extremity and destitute of tentacles, formin«^ what is termed the spadix, ])rol)al)ly homolojjjous with the hectocotyli/ed arm of the male Octopods and Decapods. ii. Orclor Dibranchia. The members of this order, which includes the majoiitv of living Ceplialopods, ])ossess but a sinj^lo pair of ctenidia, ne|)liri(lia, and aurich^s, and l Stock Photo")
. A textbook of invertebrate morphology [microform]. Invertebrates; Morphology (Animals); Invertébrés; Morphologie (Animaux). TYPK M0LLU8CA. 359 rated from the rest of the h)be—that of the left side becoraiug modilied into a couical structure, himelhited at the extremity and destitute of tentacles, formin«^ what is termed the spadix, ])rol)al)ly homolojjjous with the hectocotyli/ed arm of the male Octopods and Decapods. ii. Orclor Dibranchia. The members of this order, which includes the majoiitv of living Ceplialopods, ])ossess but a sinj^lo pair of ctenidia, ne|)liri(lia, and aurich^s, and l Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-textbook-of-invertebrate-morphology-microform-invertebrates-morphology-animals-invertbrs-morphologie-animaux-typk-m0llu8ca-359-rated-from-the-rest-of-the-hbethat-of-the-left-side-becoraiug-modilied-into-a-couical-structure-himelhited-at-the-extremity-and-destitute-of-tentacles-formin-what-is-termed-the-spadix-rolally-homolojjjous-with-the-hectocotylied-arm-of-the-male-octopods-and-decapods-ii-orclor-dibranchia-the-members-of-this-order-which-includes-the-majoiitv-of-living-ceplialopods-ossess-but-a-sinjlo-pair-of-ctenidia-nelirilia-and-aurichs-and-l-image234873164.htmlRMRJ3B38–. A textbook of invertebrate morphology [microform]. Invertebrates; Morphology (Animals); Invertébrés; Morphologie (Animaux). TYPK M0LLU8CA. 359 rated from the rest of the h)be—that of the left side becoraiug modilied into a couical structure, himelhited at the extremity and destitute of tentacles, formin«^ what is termed the spadix, ])rol)al)ly homolojjjous with the hectocotyli/ed arm of the male Octopods and Decapods. ii. Orclor Dibranchia. The members of this order, which includes the majoiitv of living Ceplialopods, ])ossess but a sinj^lo pair of ctenidia, ne|)liri(lia, and aurich^s, and l
. A manual of zoology. 292 MANUAL OF ZOOLOGY In the limpets {Patella and its allies1) (Fig. 179) the true ctenidia are represented only by a pair of vestiges, and respiration is carried on by a number of secondary branchiae (g. /) in the form of lamella; situated between the short lateral fold of the mantle and the foot. In the Pul- monata, and in some members of other groups, ctenidia are absent, and the mantle-cavity, completely enclosed except. Fig. 179.—Patella vulgata, seen from the ventral side, f, foot;^./, circlet of gill lamella;; m. e, edge of the mantle; mit, attachment muscle; si, Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-292-manual-of-zoology-in-the-limpets-patella-and-its-allies1-fig-179-the-true-ctenidia-are-represented-only-by-a-pair-of-vestiges-and-respiration-is-carried-on-by-a-number-of-secondary-branchiae-g-in-the-form-of-lamella-situated-between-the-short-lateral-fold-of-the-mantle-and-the-foot-in-the-pul-monata-and-in-some-members-of-other-groups-ctenidia-are-absent-and-the-mantle-cavity-completely-enclosed-except-fig-179patella-vulgata-seen-from-the-ventral-side-f-foot-circlet-of-gill-lamella-m-e-edge-of-the-mantle-mit-attachment-muscle-si-image216446843.htmlRMPG404B–. A manual of zoology. 292 MANUAL OF ZOOLOGY In the limpets {Patella and its allies1) (Fig. 179) the true ctenidia are represented only by a pair of vestiges, and respiration is carried on by a number of secondary branchiae (g. /) in the form of lamella; situated between the short lateral fold of the mantle and the foot. In the Pul- monata, and in some members of other groups, ctenidia are absent, and the mantle-cavity, completely enclosed except. Fig. 179.—Patella vulgata, seen from the ventral side, f, foot;^./, circlet of gill lamella;; m. e, edge of the mantle; mit, attachment muscle; si,
Bioluminescent Bobtail Squid (Sepiolida) at night. Egypt, Red Sea. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-bioluminescent-bobtail-squid-sepiolida-at-night-egypt-red-sea-37936848.htmlRMC5M4RC–Bioluminescent Bobtail Squid (Sepiolida) at night. Egypt, Red Sea.
. A manual of zoology. Zoology. IV. GASTEROPODA 331 supraintestinal), while the left passes under the intestine to the right side (subintestinal), the cerebrovisceral commissures being twisted like the figure 8. The strong development of the pharynx is accompanied by buccal ganglia. Gills, heart, and nephridia are best treated together. Certain genera {Haliolis,Fissurella, etc.) recall the Acephala in having the heart traversed by the intestine, the paired ctenidia, nephridia and nephridial ducts, and two auricles to the heart. As a rule the asymmetry induced by the torsion of the body has res Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-zoology-iv-gasteropoda-331-supraintestinal-while-the-left-passes-under-the-intestine-to-the-right-side-subintestinal-the-cerebrovisceral-commissures-being-twisted-like-the-figure-8-the-strong-development-of-the-pharynx-is-accompanied-by-buccal-ganglia-gills-heart-and-nephridia-are-best-treated-together-certain-genera-haliolisfissurella-etc-recall-the-acephala-in-having-the-heart-traversed-by-the-intestine-the-paired-ctenidia-nephridia-and-nephridial-ducts-and-two-auricles-to-the-heart-as-a-rule-the-asymmetry-induced-by-the-torsion-of-the-body-has-res-image232132643.htmlRMRDJFFF–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. IV. GASTEROPODA 331 supraintestinal), while the left passes under the intestine to the right side (subintestinal), the cerebrovisceral commissures being twisted like the figure 8. The strong development of the pharynx is accompanied by buccal ganglia. Gills, heart, and nephridia are best treated together. Certain genera {Haliolis,Fissurella, etc.) recall the Acephala in having the heart traversed by the intestine, the paired ctenidia, nephridia and nephridial ducts, and two auricles to the heart. As a rule the asymmetry induced by the torsion of the body has res
. A manual of zoology. Zoology. Fig. 343. Fig. 344. Fig. 343.—Hyalcea complanala from above (after Gegenbaur). a, anus; br, gill; c, heart; g, gonad; h, liver; m, mantle; oe, oesophagus; re, nephridium; ^', stomach; //, pedal ganglion and otocyst. Fig. 344.—A, Clione papilionacea.* Cavolinid^ make the 'pterpod ooze' of the deep seas. GYMNOSOMATA; shell lacking. Pneumodermon, Clioiie* Sub Order III. NUDIBRANCHIA. Shell, ctenidia, and osphradia lacking; most possessing accessory gills (cerata) of varying form and distribution. Doridiid^ (Fig. 345J. Tritoniid^, JEolivx. Fig. 345.—Doris bilamellat Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-zoology-fig-343-fig-344-fig-343hyalcea-complanala-from-above-after-gegenbaur-a-anus-br-gill-c-heart-g-gonad-h-liver-m-mantle-oe-oesophagus-re-nephridium-stomach-pedal-ganglion-and-otocyst-fig-344a-clione-papilionacea-cavolinid-make-the-pterpod-ooze-of-the-deep-seas-gymnosomata-shell-lacking-pneumodermon-clioiie-sub-order-iii-nudibranchia-shell-ctenidia-and-osphradia-lacking-most-possessing-accessory-gills-cerata-of-varying-form-and-distribution-doridiid-fig-345j-tritoniid-jeolivx-fig-345doris-bilamellat-image216446607.htmlRMPG3YRY–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. Fig. 343. Fig. 344. Fig. 343.—Hyalcea complanala from above (after Gegenbaur). a, anus; br, gill; c, heart; g, gonad; h, liver; m, mantle; oe, oesophagus; re, nephridium; ^', stomach; //, pedal ganglion and otocyst. Fig. 344.—A, Clione papilionacea.* Cavolinid^ make the 'pterpod ooze' of the deep seas. GYMNOSOMATA; shell lacking. Pneumodermon, Clioiie* Sub Order III. NUDIBRANCHIA. Shell, ctenidia, and osphradia lacking; most possessing accessory gills (cerata) of varying form and distribution. Doridiid^ (Fig. 345J. Tritoniid^, JEolivx. Fig. 345.—Doris bilamellat
Bioluminescent Bobtail Squid (Sepiolida) at night. Egypt, Red Sea. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-bioluminescent-bobtail-squid-sepiolida-at-night-egypt-red-sea-37936849.htmlRMC5M4RD–Bioluminescent Bobtail Squid (Sepiolida) at night. Egypt, Red Sea.
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. ADAPTATIONS IN MALLEUS AND ISOGNOMON 401 in growth gradients involving straightening and extension of the ctenidia. The difference between /. ephippium and /. isognomon (cf. Figs. 7 and 8) is brought about in this way and is associated with change to a vertical posture and a modified mode of life.. FIGURE 13. Pteriacea: drawings illustrating major adaptations and habitats of representa- tive genera and species. A, Pinctada or Isognomon ephippium (alivincular and multivincular ligaments, respectively), rounded lying on right Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-biological-bulletin-biology-zoology-biology-marine-biology-adaptations-in-malleus-and-isognomon-401-in-growth-gradients-involving-straightening-and-extension-of-the-ctenidia-the-difference-between-ephippium-and-isognomon-cf-figs-7-and-8-is-brought-about-in-this-way-and-is-associated-with-change-to-a-vertical-posture-and-a-modified-mode-of-life-figure-13-pteriacea-drawings-illustrating-major-adaptations-and-habitats-of-representa-tive-genera-and-species-a-pinctada-or-isognomon-ephippium-alivincular-and-multivincular-ligaments-respectively-rounded-lying-on-right-image234651512.htmlRMRHN8B4–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. ADAPTATIONS IN MALLEUS AND ISOGNOMON 401 in growth gradients involving straightening and extension of the ctenidia. The difference between /. ephippium and /. isognomon (cf. Figs. 7 and 8) is brought about in this way and is associated with change to a vertical posture and a modified mode of life.. FIGURE 13. Pteriacea: drawings illustrating major adaptations and habitats of representa- tive genera and species. A, Pinctada or Isognomon ephippium (alivincular and multivincular ligaments, respectively), rounded lying on right
. A manual of zoology. Zoology. Fro. 360.—Male of Argonaula argo (after Muller, from Hatschek). 1-4, arms of right side; 1.-4., arms of left side; 3, heclocotylised arm, at the left in its sac, at tlie right protruded.. Fig. 361.—Embryos of Loligo pealei (orig.). a, arms; e, eyes;/, fin; g, ctenidia; h, statocyst; m, mantle; s, siphonal folds and siphon; v, anus; y, yoLk sac. The Cephalopoda are e.xclusively marine. Some inhabit rocky shores, others the high seas. All are carnivorous and in turn are preyed upon by fishes, etc. Classification is based upon the number of gills and number and cha Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-zoology-fro-360male-of-argonaula-argo-after-muller-from-hatschek-1-4-arms-of-right-side-1-4-arms-of-left-side-3-heclocotylised-arm-at-the-left-in-its-sac-at-tlie-right-protruded-fig-361embryos-of-loligo-pealei-orig-a-arms-e-eyes-fin-g-ctenidia-h-statocyst-m-mantle-s-siphonal-folds-and-siphon-v-anus-y-yolk-sac-the-cephalopoda-are-exclusively-marine-some-inhabit-rocky-shores-others-the-high-seas-all-are-carnivorous-and-in-turn-are-preyed-upon-by-fishes-etc-classification-is-based-upon-the-number-of-gills-and-number-and-cha-image216446526.htmlRMPG3YN2–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. Fro. 360.—Male of Argonaula argo (after Muller, from Hatschek). 1-4, arms of right side; 1.-4., arms of left side; 3, heclocotylised arm, at the left in its sac, at tlie right protruded.. Fig. 361.—Embryos of Loligo pealei (orig.). a, arms; e, eyes;/, fin; g, ctenidia; h, statocyst; m, mantle; s, siphonal folds and siphon; v, anus; y, yoLk sac. The Cephalopoda are e.xclusively marine. Some inhabit rocky shores, others the high seas. All are carnivorous and in turn are preyed upon by fishes, etc. Classification is based upon the number of gills and number and cha
Bioluminescent Bobtail Squid (Sepiolida) at night. Egypt, Red Sea. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-bioluminescent-bobtail-squid-sepiolida-at-night-egypt-red-sea-37936850.htmlRMC5M4RE–Bioluminescent Bobtail Squid (Sepiolida) at night. Egypt, Red Sea.
. A manual of zoology. Zoology. IV. GASTEROPODA; PROSOBRANCHIA 333 In the development the great constancy with which the veliger stage (figs. 313, 314) appears is noticeable. Most marine Iarv£c swim at the surface by their velum before creeping at the bottom. But in those cases where the snail leaves the egg in the adult form the velum is usually developed in embryonic life, sometimes so strongly that the embryo rotates in the surrounding ihiid. « Order I. Prosobranchia. In the prosobranchs the twisting of the body has brought the ctenidia and consequently the auricles in front of the ventricl Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-zoology-iv-gasteropoda-prosobranchia-333-in-the-development-the-great-constancy-with-which-the-veliger-stage-figs-313-314-appears-is-noticeable-most-marine-iarvc-swim-at-the-surface-by-their-velum-before-creeping-at-the-bottom-but-in-those-cases-where-the-snail-leaves-the-egg-in-the-adult-form-the-velum-is-usually-developed-in-embryonic-life-sometimes-so-strongly-that-the-embryo-rotates-in-the-surrounding-ihiid-order-i-prosobranchia-in-the-prosobranchs-the-twisting-of-the-body-has-brought-the-ctenidia-and-consequently-the-auricles-in-front-of-the-ventricl-image232132624.htmlRMRDJFET–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. IV. GASTEROPODA; PROSOBRANCHIA 333 In the development the great constancy with which the veliger stage (figs. 313, 314) appears is noticeable. Most marine Iarv£c swim at the surface by their velum before creeping at the bottom. But in those cases where the snail leaves the egg in the adult form the velum is usually developed in embryonic life, sometimes so strongly that the embryo rotates in the surrounding ihiid. « Order I. Prosobranchia. In the prosobranchs the twisting of the body has brought the ctenidia and consequently the auricles in front of the ventricl
. A manual of zoology. 293 MANUAL OF ZOOLOGY tion, and surrounds the mouth. A distinct head is pres- ent, and the foot assumes the appearance of a system of appendages of the head. In the cuttle-fishes (Fig. 182), jaws inf cart Tnank ruLd-. mus, 7r1a.nl '- Fig. 183.—Nautilus pompilius, diagrammatic lateral view of a female specimen enclosed in its shell, cart, cartilage; ctt;t, ctenidia; hd, hood; inf, funnel; jaws, jaws; mant, mantle: mant', dorsal mantle-fold overlapping the coil of the shell; mus, position of lateral mass of muscle; nid, nidamental glands; sept, first septum; siph, siphuncl Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-293-manual-of-zoology-tion-and-surrounds-the-mouth-a-distinct-head-is-pres-ent-and-the-foot-assumes-the-appearance-of-a-system-of-appendages-of-the-head-in-the-cuttle-fishes-fig-182-jaws-inf-cart-tnank-ruld-mus-7r1anl-fig-183nautilus-pompilius-diagrammatic-lateral-view-of-a-female-specimen-enclosed-in-its-shell-cart-cartilage-cttt-ctenidia-hd-hood-inf-funnel-jaws-jaws-mant-mantle-mant-dorsal-mantle-fold-overlapping-the-coil-of-the-shell-mus-position-of-lateral-mass-of-muscle-nid-nidamental-glands-sept-first-septum-siph-siphuncl-image216446817.htmlRMPG403D–. A manual of zoology. 293 MANUAL OF ZOOLOGY tion, and surrounds the mouth. A distinct head is pres- ent, and the foot assumes the appearance of a system of appendages of the head. In the cuttle-fishes (Fig. 182), jaws inf cart Tnank ruLd-. mus, 7r1a.nl '- Fig. 183.—Nautilus pompilius, diagrammatic lateral view of a female specimen enclosed in its shell, cart, cartilage; ctt;t, ctenidia; hd, hood; inf, funnel; jaws, jaws; mant, mantle: mant', dorsal mantle-fold overlapping the coil of the shell; mus, position of lateral mass of muscle; nid, nidamental glands; sept, first septum; siph, siphuncl
Pelagic Bigfin Reef Squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) caught by a fisherman. Egypt - Red Sea. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-pelagic-bigfin-reef-squid-sepioteuthis-lessoniana-caught-by-a-fisherman-37936842.htmlRMC5M4R6–Pelagic Bigfin Reef Squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) caught by a fisherman. Egypt - Red Sea.
![. A textbook of invertebrate morphology [microform]. Invertebrates; Morphology (Animals); Invertébrés; Morphologie (Animaux). 322 INVERTEBRATE MORPHOLOGY. u priori grounds seems improbable ; but there seems to be no good reason, if the aquatic forms are derived directly from marine ancestors, why their ctenidia should have become replaced by a lung, since in the aquatic Pro- sobranch Paladina the ctenidium is still retained. On the other hand, it may be again mentioned that the terrestrial Prosobranchs such as Cydu- stoma, Acicula, etc., have lost their ctenidium and resemble a Pulmonale in th Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/REP41P/a-textbook-of-invertebrate-morphology-microform-invertebrates-morphology-animals-invertbrs-morphologie-animaux-322-invertebrate-morphology-u-priori-grounds-seems-improbable-but-there-seems-to-be-no-good-reason-if-the-aquatic-forms-are-derived-directly-from-marine-ancestors-why-their-ctenidia-should-have-become-replaced-by-a-lung-since-in-the-aquatic-pro-sobranch-paladina-the-ctenidium-is-still-retained-on-the-other-hand-it-may-be-again-mentioned-that-the-terrestrial-prosobranchs-such-as-cydu-stoma-acicula-etc-have-lost-their-ctenidium-and-resemble-a-pulmonale-in-th-REP41P.jpg ". A textbook of invertebrate morphology [microform]. Invertebrates; Morphology (Animals); Invertébrés; Morphologie (Animaux). 322 INVERTEBRATE MORPHOLOGY. u priori grounds seems improbable ; but there seems to be no good reason, if the aquatic forms are derived directly from marine ancestors, why their ctenidia should have become replaced by a lung, since in the aquatic Pro- sobranch Paladina the ctenidium is still retained. On the other hand, it may be again mentioned that the terrestrial Prosobranchs such as Cydu- stoma, Acicula, etc., have lost their ctenidium and resemble a Pulmonale in th Stock Photo")
. A textbook of invertebrate morphology [microform]. Invertebrates; Morphology (Animals); Invertébrés; Morphologie (Animaux). 322 INVERTEBRATE MORPHOLOGY. u priori grounds seems improbable ; but there seems to be no good reason, if the aquatic forms are derived directly from marine ancestors, why their ctenidia should have become replaced by a lung, since in the aquatic Pro- sobranch Paladina the ctenidium is still retained. On the other hand, it may be again mentioned that the terrestrial Prosobranchs such as Cydu- stoma, Acicula, etc., have lost their ctenidium and resemble a Pulmonale in th Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-textbook-of-invertebrate-morphology-microform-invertebrates-morphology-animals-invertbrs-morphologie-animaux-322-invertebrate-morphology-u-priori-grounds-seems-improbable-but-there-seems-to-be-no-good-reason-if-the-aquatic-forms-are-derived-directly-from-marine-ancestors-why-their-ctenidia-should-have-become-replaced-by-a-lung-since-in-the-aquatic-pro-sobranch-paladina-the-ctenidium-is-still-retained-on-the-other-hand-it-may-be-again-mentioned-that-the-terrestrial-prosobranchs-such-as-cydu-stoma-acicula-etc-have-lost-their-ctenidium-and-resemble-a-pulmonale-in-th-image232826098.htmlRMREP41P–. A textbook of invertebrate morphology [microform]. Invertebrates; Morphology (Animals); Invertébrés; Morphologie (Animaux). 322 INVERTEBRATE MORPHOLOGY. u priori grounds seems improbable ; but there seems to be no good reason, if the aquatic forms are derived directly from marine ancestors, why their ctenidia should have become replaced by a lung, since in the aquatic Pro- sobranch Paladina the ctenidium is still retained. On the other hand, it may be again mentioned that the terrestrial Prosobranchs such as Cydu- stoma, Acicula, etc., have lost their ctenidium and resemble a Pulmonale in th
. A manual of zoology. Zoology. 520 .MOLLl'SCA into the brancliial chaml>cv. lu front of the gills are two pairs of leaf-like lobes, Lhe Libia! palpi, beiweeii wliich is ihe moulh. Tlic Xuculiibc âthe most iirimiiie of hving Aeephala have true ctenidia consistiai; of an axis i;rovn to the bod)- and an inner and an outer row ol pll leaws itv,'. :;J01, Froiu this the jilihranrh lyi>e is i'a,-;il- deried. Tlie ixill leaes gaxrw out into long thread.-, eaeti bent on itself so liuil it presents two limbs, pa pr ,; ^â > ::' â ) v i i:^- 'â ''⢠''. oh ib b »i c Fig. 322.âAnatome of . Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-zoology-520-molllsca-into-the-brancliial-chamlgtcv-lu-front-of-the-gills-are-two-pairs-of-leaf-like-lobes-lhe-libia!-palpi-beiweeii-wliich-is-ihe-moulh-tlic-xuculiibc-the-most-iirimiiie-of-hving-aeephala-have-true-ctenidia-consistiai-of-an-axis-irovn-to-the-bod-and-an-inner-and-an-outer-row-ol-pll-leaws-itv-j01-froiu-this-the-jilihranrh-lyigte-is-ia-il-deried-tlie-ixill-leaes-gaxrw-out-into-long-thread-eaeti-bent-on-itself-so-liuil-it-presents-two-limbs-pa-pr-gt-v-i-i-oh-ib-b-i-c-fig-322anatome-of-image216446750.htmlRMPG4012–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. 520 .MOLLl'SCA into the brancliial chaml>cv. lu front of the gills are two pairs of leaf-like lobes, Lhe Libia! palpi, beiweeii wliich is ihe moulh. Tlic Xuculiibc âthe most iirimiiie of hving Aeephala have true ctenidia consistiai; of an axis i;rovn to the bod)- and an inner and an outer row ol pll leaws itv,'. :;J01, Froiu this the jilihranrh lyi>e is i'a,-;il- deried. Tlie ixill leaes gaxrw out into long thread.-, eaeti bent on itself so liuil it presents two limbs, pa pr ,; ^â > ::' â ) v i i:^- 'â ''⢠''. oh ib b »i c Fig. 322.âAnatome of .
Bigfin Reef Squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) swims in open ocean, Egypt - Red Sea. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-bigfin-reef-squid-sepioteuthis-lessoniana-swims-in-open-ocean-egypt-37936833.htmlRMC5M4PW–Bigfin Reef Squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) swims in open ocean, Egypt - Red Sea.
. Outlines of zoology. Zoology. AMPHINEURA. 345 body wall (ctenidia or gills), but one or both of these may be absent. At the base of the gills there is generally an olfac- tory organ or osphradium. JFrequently there are two larval stages, the Trochosphere, which resembles the same stage in some Annelids, and the more characteristic Veliger; but the development is often direct. Class I. Amphineura. Syn. Gasteropoda Isopleura, e.g.. Chiton. General Characters.—The Amphineura are marine Molluscs, mo7-e or less elongated in form, with bilateral symmetry. They are often ranked along with Gasteropo Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/outlines-of-zoology-zoology-amphineura-345-body-wall-ctenidia-or-gills-but-one-or-both-of-these-may-be-absent-at-the-base-of-the-gills-there-is-generally-an-olfac-tory-organ-or-osphradium-jfrequently-there-are-two-larval-stages-the-trochosphere-which-resembles-the-same-stage-in-some-annelids-and-the-more-characteristic-veliger-but-the-development-is-often-direct-class-i-amphineura-syn-gasteropoda-isopleura-eg-chiton-general-charactersthe-amphineura-are-marine-molluscs-mo7-e-or-less-elongated-in-form-with-bilateral-symmetry-they-are-often-ranked-along-with-gasteropo-image232346072.htmlRMRE07P0–. Outlines of zoology. Zoology. AMPHINEURA. 345 body wall (ctenidia or gills), but one or both of these may be absent. At the base of the gills there is generally an olfac- tory organ or osphradium. JFrequently there are two larval stages, the Trochosphere, which resembles the same stage in some Annelids, and the more characteristic Veliger; but the development is often direct. Class I. Amphineura. Syn. Gasteropoda Isopleura, e.g.. Chiton. General Characters.—The Amphineura are marine Molluscs, mo7-e or less elongated in form, with bilateral symmetry. They are often ranked along with Gasteropo
52735 Chiton, ventral view- an, anus; cten, ctenidia; f1, foot; mant, mantle-edge; mo, mouth Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-52735-chiton-ventral-view-an-anus-cten-ctenidia-f1-foot-mant-mantle-115080631.htmlRMGK6AEF–52735 Chiton, ventral view- an, anus; cten, ctenidia; f1, foot; mant, mantle-edge; mo, mouth
Bigfin Reef Squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) swims in open ocean, Egypt - Red Sea. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-bigfin-reef-squid-sepioteuthis-lessoniana-swims-in-open-ocean-egypt-37936847.htmlRMC5M4RB–Bigfin Reef Squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) swims in open ocean, Egypt - Red Sea.
Pelagic Bigfin Reef Squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) hunts at night in open ocean. Dolphin Reef, Eilat, Israel - Red Sea. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-pelagic-bigfin-reef-squid-sepioteuthis-lessoniana-hunts-at-night-in-37936854.htmlRMC5M4RJ–Pelagic Bigfin Reef Squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) hunts at night in open ocean. Dolphin Reef, Eilat, Israel - Red Sea.
Diver examining Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) at night. Ustica Island, Italy - Mediterranean Sea Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-diver-examining-cuttlefish-sepia-officinalis-at-night-ustica-island-37936867.htmlRMC5M4T3–Diver examining Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) at night. Ustica Island, Italy - Mediterranean Sea
. Elementary text-book of zoology. 274 MOLLUSC A. We have already referred to the adductor muscles for closing the shells and the protractors and retractors of the foot. The main substance of the foot is mus- cular and it is thrust out ventrally at the will of the animal, acting as a burrowing organ. The heart is situated dorsally and is three-chambered. The median ventricle envelops the intestine and passes for- Bi od â wards and backwards into main arteries. It is fed by paired lateral auricles which open into it by valves. They receive blood from the ctenidia. The heart and this part of t Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elementary-text-book-of-zoology-274-mollusc-a-we-have-already-referred-to-the-adductor-muscles-for-closing-the-shells-and-the-protractors-and-retractors-of-the-foot-the-main-substance-of-the-foot-is-mus-cular-and-it-is-thrust-out-ventrally-at-the-will-of-the-animal-acting-as-a-burrowing-organ-the-heart-is-situated-dorsally-and-is-three-chambered-the-median-ventricle-envelops-the-intestine-and-passes-for-bi-od-wards-and-backwards-into-main-arteries-it-is-fed-by-paired-lateral-auricles-which-open-into-it-by-valves-they-receive-blood-from-the-ctenidia-the-heart-and-this-part-of-t-image232098904.htmlRMRDH0EG–. Elementary text-book of zoology. 274 MOLLUSC A. We have already referred to the adductor muscles for closing the shells and the protractors and retractors of the foot. The main substance of the foot is mus- cular and it is thrust out ventrally at the will of the animal, acting as a burrowing organ. The heart is situated dorsally and is three-chambered. The median ventricle envelops the intestine and passes for- Bi od â wards and backwards into main arteries. It is fed by paired lateral auricles which open into it by valves. They receive blood from the ctenidia. The heart and this part of t
Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) swims away at night in a defensive movement. Ustica Island, Italy - Mediterranean Sea. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-cuttlefish-sepia-officinalis-swims-away-at-night-in-a-defensive-movement-37936859.htmlRMC5M4RR–Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) swims away at night in a defensive movement. Ustica Island, Italy - Mediterranean Sea.
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. FEEDING MECHANISMS OF ANADARA 109 wood (1903). In all three species studied, latero-frontal and aboral cilia are absent. There are no significant differences in the anatomy and histology of the ctenidia among each of the three species in this study and A. trapezia as described by Sullivan (1961). Some slight anatomical and histological differences do occur among the three species investigated. Comparatively the size of the ctenidia is largest in A. cuneata —volume for volume of mantle cavity. There is no appreciable differen Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-biological-bulletin-biology-zoology-biology-marine-biology-feeding-mechanisms-of-anadara-109-wood-1903-in-all-three-species-studied-latero-frontal-and-aboral-cilia-are-absent-there-are-no-significant-differences-in-the-anatomy-and-histology-of-the-ctenidia-among-each-of-the-three-species-in-this-study-and-a-trapezia-as-described-by-sullivan-1961-some-slight-anatomical-and-histological-differences-do-occur-among-the-three-species-investigated-comparatively-the-size-of-the-ctenidia-is-largest-in-a-cuneata-volume-for-volume-of-mantle-cavity-there-is-no-appreciable-differen-image234663988.htmlRMRHNT8M–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. FEEDING MECHANISMS OF ANADARA 109 wood (1903). In all three species studied, latero-frontal and aboral cilia are absent. There are no significant differences in the anatomy and histology of the ctenidia among each of the three species in this study and A. trapezia as described by Sullivan (1961). Some slight anatomical and histological differences do occur among the three species investigated. Comparatively the size of the ctenidia is largest in A. cuneata —volume for volume of mantle cavity. There is no appreciable differen
Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) held by a diver at night. Ustica Island, Italy - Mediterranean Sea Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-cuttlefish-sepia-officinalis-held-by-a-diver-at-night-ustica-island-37936856.htmlRMC5M4RM–Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) held by a diver at night. Ustica Island, Italy - Mediterranean Sea
. Bulletin. Natural history; Natuurlijke historie. ot and sculature. siphons and ctenidia total similarity ecological characters Fig. 67. An abstract of data compiled in Figure 66, showing the unweighted similarities between species pairs ofSpengleria rostrata (S.), Gastrochaena (Rocellaria) ovata (R) and Gastrochaena (Gastrochaena) hians (G.). Each line connecting the species indicates a similarity.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly res Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/bulletin-natural-history-natuurlijke-historie-ot-and-sculature-siphons-and-ctenidia-total-similarity-ecological-characters-fig-67-an-abstract-of-data-compiled-in-figure-66-showing-the-unweighted-similarities-between-species-pairs-ofspengleria-rostrata-s-gastrochaena-rocellaria-ovata-r-and-gastrochaena-gastrochaena-hians-g-each-line-connecting-the-species-indicates-a-similarity-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-res-image234209054.htmlRMRH1412–. Bulletin. Natural history; Natuurlijke historie. ot and sculature. siphons and ctenidia total similarity ecological characters Fig. 67. An abstract of data compiled in Figure 66, showing the unweighted similarities between species pairs ofSpengleria rostrata (S.), Gastrochaena (Rocellaria) ovata (R) and Gastrochaena (Gastrochaena) hians (G.). Each line connecting the species indicates a similarity.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly res
. A text-book of invertebrate morphology. Invertebrates. TYPE MOLLUSC A. 323 ure whose concaye surface is furnished with ciliated cells and also towards the margin with unicellular glands. These structures have been supposed to represent the ctenidia of the other Mollusca, but this view cannot, in the present condition of our information concerning their structure and devel- opment, be accepted without reser- vation. The mouth opens into a short oesophagus provided with a single chitinous jaw-tooth apparently formed by a fusion of two chitinous masses, and behind this there is a pharynx provid Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-text-book-of-invertebrate-morphology-invertebrates-type-mollusc-a-323-ure-whose-concaye-surface-is-furnished-with-ciliated-cells-and-also-towards-the-margin-with-unicellular-glands-these-structures-have-been-supposed-to-represent-the-ctenidia-of-the-other-mollusca-but-this-view-cannot-in-the-present-condition-of-our-information-concerning-their-structure-and-devel-opment-be-accepted-without-reser-vation-the-mouth-opens-into-a-short-oesophagus-provided-with-a-single-chitinous-jaw-tooth-apparently-formed-by-a-fusion-of-two-chitinous-masses-and-behind-this-there-is-a-pharynx-provid-image232351145.htmlRMRE0E75–. A text-book of invertebrate morphology. Invertebrates. TYPE MOLLUSC A. 323 ure whose concaye surface is furnished with ciliated cells and also towards the margin with unicellular glands. These structures have been supposed to represent the ctenidia of the other Mollusca, but this view cannot, in the present condition of our information concerning their structure and devel- opment, be accepted without reser- vation. The mouth opens into a short oesophagus provided with a single chitinous jaw-tooth apparently formed by a fusion of two chitinous masses, and behind this there is a pharynx provid
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 4 F. R. BERNARD This gravimetric mechanism may be termed the preliminary sorting method, and observations undertaken upon several other bivalve families and genera show that it is probably universal among the ctenidial Bivalvia. It prevents the impinge- ment of mineral particles upon the delicate tissue of the ctenidium and it is probable that the greater proportion of inorganic material rejected in the pseudofeces has not been in contact with either the ctenidia or labial palpi, but settled directly upon the inhalant chambe Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-biological-bulletin-biology-zoology-biology-marine-biology-4-f-r-bernard-this-gravimetric-mechanism-may-be-termed-the-preliminary-sorting-method-and-observations-undertaken-upon-several-other-bivalve-families-and-genera-show-that-it-is-probably-universal-among-the-ctenidial-bivalvia-it-prevents-the-impinge-ment-of-mineral-particles-upon-the-delicate-tissue-of-the-ctenidium-and-it-is-probable-that-the-greater-proportion-of-inorganic-material-rejected-in-the-pseudofeces-has-not-been-in-contact-with-either-the-ctenidia-or-labial-palpi-but-settled-directly-upon-the-inhalant-chambe-image234651494.htmlRMRHN8AE–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 4 F. R. BERNARD This gravimetric mechanism may be termed the preliminary sorting method, and observations undertaken upon several other bivalve families and genera show that it is probably universal among the ctenidial Bivalvia. It prevents the impinge- ment of mineral particles upon the delicate tissue of the ctenidium and it is probable that the greater proportion of inorganic material rejected in the pseudofeces has not been in contact with either the ctenidia or labial palpi, but settled directly upon the inhalant chambe
. A text-book of invertebrate morphology. Invertebrates. TYPE MOLLUSOA. 359 rated from tlie rest of the lobe—tliat of the left side becoming modified into a conical structure, lamellated at the extremity and destitute of tentacles, forming what is termed the spadix, probably homologous with the hectocotylized arm of the male Octopods and Decapods. 2. Order Dibranchia. The members of this order, which includes the majority of living Cephalopods, possess but a single pair of ctenidia, nephridia, and auricles, and lack the direct communication of the viscero-pericardial cavity with the exterior a Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-text-book-of-invertebrate-morphology-invertebrates-type-mollusoa-359-rated-from-tlie-rest-of-the-lobetliat-of-the-left-side-becoming-modified-into-a-conical-structure-lamellated-at-the-extremity-and-destitute-of-tentacles-forming-what-is-termed-the-spadix-probably-homologous-with-the-hectocotylized-arm-of-the-male-octopods-and-decapods-2-order-dibranchia-the-members-of-this-order-which-includes-the-majority-of-living-cephalopods-possess-but-a-single-pair-of-ctenidia-nephridia-and-auricles-and-lack-the-direct-communication-of-the-viscero-pericardial-cavity-with-the-exterior-a-image232351015.htmlRMRE0E2F–. A text-book of invertebrate morphology. Invertebrates. TYPE MOLLUSOA. 359 rated from tlie rest of the lobe—tliat of the left side becoming modified into a conical structure, lamellated at the extremity and destitute of tentacles, forming what is termed the spadix, probably homologous with the hectocotylized arm of the male Octopods and Decapods. 2. Order Dibranchia. The members of this order, which includes the majority of living Cephalopods, possess but a single pair of ctenidia, nephridia, and auricles, and lack the direct communication of the viscero-pericardial cavity with the exterior a
. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. 434 BULLETIN OF THE. Diagrammatic Sketch of different Forms of the Ctenidia in Mollusks. The length of the filaments or lamellae in the first five figures of the diagram is made for convenience disproportionally small. A. Cross-section of gill of Dimya, showing large blood-vessel in the stem, and the position occupied by the filaments upon the stem. B. Cross-section of the gill in Amusium Dalli, the filaments touching but not organically united above. C. The same of Area ectocomata, showing the tubular filaments plant Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/bulletin-of-the-museum-of-comparative-zoology-at-harvard-college-zoology-434-bulletin-of-the-diagrammatic-sketch-of-different-forms-of-the-ctenidia-in-mollusks-the-length-of-the-filaments-or-lamellae-in-the-first-five-figures-of-the-diagram-is-made-for-convenience-disproportionally-small-a-cross-section-of-gill-of-dimya-showing-large-blood-vessel-in-the-stem-and-the-position-occupied-by-the-filaments-upon-the-stem-b-cross-section-of-the-gill-in-amusium-dalli-the-filaments-touching-but-not-organically-united-above-c-the-same-of-area-ectocomata-showing-the-tubular-filaments-plant-image233921691.htmlRMRGG1E3–. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. 434 BULLETIN OF THE. Diagrammatic Sketch of different Forms of the Ctenidia in Mollusks. The length of the filaments or lamellae in the first five figures of the diagram is made for convenience disproportionally small. A. Cross-section of gill of Dimya, showing large blood-vessel in the stem, and the position occupied by the filaments upon the stem. B. Cross-section of the gill in Amusium Dalli, the filaments touching but not organically united above. C. The same of Area ectocomata, showing the tubular filaments plant
![. A textbook of invertebrate morphology [microform]. Invertebrates; Morphology (Animals); Invertébrés; Morphologie (Animaux). TYPE MOLLUSC A. 323 81) mc> ure whose concave surface is furuislied with ciliated cells and also towards the margin with unicellular glands. These structures have been supposed to rei^resent the ctenidia of the other MoUusca, but this view cannot, in the present condition of our information concerning their structure and devel- opment, be accepted without reser- vati<jn. The mouth opens into a short oesophagus provided with a single chitinous jaw-tooth apparentl Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RJ3B8B/a-textbook-of-invertebrate-morphology-microform-invertebrates-morphology-animals-invertbrs-morphologie-animaux-type-mollusc-a-323-81-mcgt-ure-whose-concave-surface-is-furuislied-with-ciliated-cells-and-also-towards-the-margin-with-unicellular-glands-these-structures-have-been-supposed-to-reiresent-the-ctenidia-of-the-other-mouusca-but-this-view-cannot-in-the-present-condition-of-our-information-concerning-their-structure-and-devel-opment-be-accepted-without-reser-vatiltjn-the-mouth-opens-into-a-short-oesophagus-provided-with-a-single-chitinous-jaw-tooth-apparentl-RJ3B8B.jpg ". A textbook of invertebrate morphology [microform]. Invertebrates; Morphology (Animals); Invertébrés; Morphologie (Animaux). TYPE MOLLUSC A. 323 81) mc> ure whose concave surface is furuislied with ciliated cells and also towards the margin with unicellular glands. These structures have been supposed to rei^resent the ctenidia of the other MoUusca, but this view cannot, in the present condition of our information concerning their structure and devel- opment, be accepted without reser- vati<jn. The mouth opens into a short oesophagus provided with a single chitinous jaw-tooth apparentl Stock Photo")
. A textbook of invertebrate morphology [microform]. Invertebrates; Morphology (Animals); Invertébrés; Morphologie (Animaux). TYPE MOLLUSC A. 323 81) mc> ure whose concave surface is furuislied with ciliated cells and also towards the margin with unicellular glands. These structures have been supposed to rei^resent the ctenidia of the other MoUusca, but this view cannot, in the present condition of our information concerning their structure and devel- opment, be accepted without reser- vati<jn. The mouth opens into a short oesophagus provided with a single chitinous jaw-tooth apparentl Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-textbook-of-invertebrate-morphology-microform-invertebrates-morphology-animals-invertbrs-morphologie-animaux-type-mollusc-a-323-81-mcgt-ure-whose-concave-surface-is-furuislied-with-ciliated-cells-and-also-towards-the-margin-with-unicellular-glands-these-structures-have-been-supposed-to-reiresent-the-ctenidia-of-the-other-mouusca-but-this-view-cannot-in-the-present-condition-of-our-information-concerning-their-structure-and-devel-opment-be-accepted-without-reser-vatiltjn-the-mouth-opens-into-a-short-oesophagus-provided-with-a-single-chitinous-jaw-tooth-apparentl-image234873307.htmlRMRJ3B8B–. A textbook of invertebrate morphology [microform]. Invertebrates; Morphology (Animals); Invertébrés; Morphologie (Animaux). TYPE MOLLUSC A. 323 81) mc> ure whose concave surface is furuislied with ciliated cells and also towards the margin with unicellular glands. These structures have been supposed to rei^resent the ctenidia of the other MoUusca, but this view cannot, in the present condition of our information concerning their structure and devel- opment, be accepted without reser- vati<jn. The mouth opens into a short oesophagus provided with a single chitinous jaw-tooth apparentl
. Elementary text-book of zoology. CEPHALOPODA. 285 The order Tetrabranchiata contains the pearly nautilus (Nautilus) and a number of extinct allies. The nephridia and ctenidia are reduplicated, hence there are two pairs. The tentacles have no suckers and there is a large external shell. The shell of the pearly nautilus is chambered. The animal inhabits the last chamber. A median hole through each septum transmits a long process of the body called the sifh uncle. Fig. 201.—Lateral View of a Nautilus in its Shell. (After Owen.). Note the hollow chambered shell and the numerous short tentacles. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elementary-text-book-of-zoology-cephalopoda-285-the-order-tetrabranchiata-contains-the-pearly-nautilus-nautilus-and-a-number-of-extinct-allies-the-nephridia-and-ctenidia-are-reduplicated-hence-there-are-two-pairs-the-tentacles-have-no-suckers-and-there-is-a-large-external-shell-the-shell-of-the-pearly-nautilus-is-chambered-the-animal-inhabits-the-last-chamber-a-median-hole-through-each-septum-transmits-a-long-process-of-the-body-called-the-sifh-uncle-fig-201lateral-view-of-a-nautilus-in-its-shell-after-owen-note-the-hollow-chambered-shell-and-the-numerous-short-tentacles-image232098765.htmlRMRDH09H–. Elementary text-book of zoology. CEPHALOPODA. 285 The order Tetrabranchiata contains the pearly nautilus (Nautilus) and a number of extinct allies. The nephridia and ctenidia are reduplicated, hence there are two pairs. The tentacles have no suckers and there is a large external shell. The shell of the pearly nautilus is chambered. The animal inhabits the last chamber. A median hole through each septum transmits a long process of the body called the sifh uncle. Fig. 201.—Lateral View of a Nautilus in its Shell. (After Owen.). Note the hollow chambered shell and the numerous short tentacles.
. A manual of zoology. Zoology. MOLLUSC A. 353 always unjiaired, while the gills may retain their primitive jiaired condition. The gills in the mantle eavity are called ctenidia, from their resem- blance to combs with two rows of teeth. Each consists of an axial portion (back of the comb), containing the chief blood-vessels and two rows of branchial leaves. The whole is united to the wall of the branchial cavity by the axis (fig. 385). In many aquatic forms the ctenidia are lacking, and then the respiration is either diffuse by the skin or by accessory gills which by structure (usually outside Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-zoology-mollusc-a-353-always-unjiaired-while-the-gills-may-retain-their-primitive-jiaired-condition-the-gills-in-the-mantle-eavity-are-called-ctenidia-from-their-resem-blance-to-combs-with-two-rows-of-teeth-each-consists-of-an-axial-portion-back-of-the-comb-containing-the-chief-blood-vessels-and-two-rows-of-branchial-leaves-the-whole-is-united-to-the-wall-of-the-branchial-cavity-by-the-axis-fig-385-in-many-aquatic-forms-the-ctenidia-are-lacking-and-then-the-respiration-is-either-diffuse-by-the-skin-or-by-accessory-gills-which-by-structure-usually-outside-image232347150.htmlRMRE094E–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. MOLLUSC A. 353 always unjiaired, while the gills may retain their primitive jiaired condition. The gills in the mantle eavity are called ctenidia, from their resem- blance to combs with two rows of teeth. Each consists of an axial portion (back of the comb), containing the chief blood-vessels and two rows of branchial leaves. The whole is united to the wall of the branchial cavity by the axis (fig. 385). In many aquatic forms the ctenidia are lacking, and then the respiration is either diffuse by the skin or by accessory gills which by structure (usually outside
. A manual of zoology. Zoology. 3r,y MOLLUSC A. chamber and the larger lower respiratory cavity. Into the cloaca empty tlie anus and the water which has passed over the gills; it opens to the exterior through the excurrent siphon. The inciirrent siphon leads into the branchial chamber. In front of the gills are two more pairs of leaf-like lobes, the labial palpi, between which is the mouth. The gills are variouslj' developed. The Nuculidfe—the most primitive of living Acephala—have true ctenidia consisting of an axis grown to the body and an inner and an outer row of gill leaves (fig. 355). Fr Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-zoology-3ry-mollusc-a-chamber-and-the-larger-lower-respiratory-cavity-into-the-cloaca-empty-tlie-anus-and-the-water-which-has-passed-over-the-gills-it-opens-to-the-exterior-through-the-excurrent-siphon-the-inciirrent-siphon-leads-into-the-branchial-chamber-in-front-of-the-gills-are-two-more-pairs-of-leaf-like-lobes-the-labial-palpi-between-which-is-the-mouth-the-gills-are-variouslj-developed-the-nuculidfethe-most-primitive-of-living-acephalahave-true-ctenidia-consisting-of-an-axis-grown-to-the-body-and-an-inner-and-an-outer-row-of-gill-leaves-fig-355-fr-image232347088.htmlRMRE0928–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. 3r,y MOLLUSC A. chamber and the larger lower respiratory cavity. Into the cloaca empty tlie anus and the water which has passed over the gills; it opens to the exterior through the excurrent siphon. The inciirrent siphon leads into the branchial chamber. In front of the gills are two more pairs of leaf-like lobes, the labial palpi, between which is the mouth. The gills are variouslj' developed. The Nuculidfe—the most primitive of living Acephala—have true ctenidia consisting of an axis grown to the body and an inner and an outer row of gill leaves (fig. 355). Fr
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 30 PETER V. FANKBONER portion of the tissue septum separating the exhalant and inhalant siphons. The probable function of this structure will be discussed later. The ctenidia are heterorhabdic (possessing both principal and ordinary fila- ments) and eleutherorhabdic (filaments not united by organic interfiliamenter junctions). However, the filaments maintain a unit integrity as they are bound GC TC. LFC FC I S FIGURE 3. A frontal view of the ventral portion of a ctenidial filament of A. falcata and its ciliary currents. The Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-biological-bulletin-biology-zoology-biology-marine-biology-30-peter-v-fankboner-portion-of-the-tissue-septum-separating-the-exhalant-and-inhalant-siphons-the-probable-function-of-this-structure-will-be-discussed-later-the-ctenidia-are-heterorhabdic-possessing-both-principal-and-ordinary-fila-ments-and-eleutherorhabdic-filaments-not-united-by-organic-interfiliamenter-junctions-however-the-filaments-maintain-a-unit-integrity-as-they-are-bound-gc-tc-lfc-fc-i-s-figure-3-a-frontal-view-of-the-ventral-portion-of-a-ctenidial-filament-of-a-falcata-and-its-ciliary-currents-the-image234652666.htmlRMRHN9TA–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 30 PETER V. FANKBONER portion of the tissue septum separating the exhalant and inhalant siphons. The probable function of this structure will be discussed later. The ctenidia are heterorhabdic (possessing both principal and ordinary fila- ments) and eleutherorhabdic (filaments not united by organic interfiliamenter junctions). However, the filaments maintain a unit integrity as they are bound GC TC. LFC FC I S FIGURE 3. A frontal view of the ventral portion of a ctenidial filament of A. falcata and its ciliary currents. The
. Elementary text-book of zoology. ANODONTA, 273 supra-branchial chambers from the mantle-cavity below. Posteriorly these lead into the exhalent chamber. The water appears to pass between the gill-filaments directly into the supra-branchial and exhalent chambers, aerating the blood in the gill-filaments in its course. The food-particles appear to pass forward to the mouth, which is situated just under the anterior adductor muscle. They are assisted by a pair of fiat triangular labial palps in each side. From this it is seen that the ctenidia serve the two purposes of alimentation Fig. ig2.—Dis Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elementary-text-book-of-zoology-anodonta-273-supra-branchial-chambers-from-the-mantle-cavity-below-posteriorly-these-lead-into-the-exhalent-chamber-the-water-appears-to-pass-between-the-gill-filaments-directly-into-the-supra-branchial-and-exhalent-chambers-aerating-the-blood-in-the-gill-filaments-in-its-course-the-food-particles-appear-to-pass-forward-to-the-mouth-which-is-situated-just-under-the-anterior-adductor-muscle-they-are-assisted-by-a-pair-of-fiat-triangular-labial-palps-in-each-side-from-this-it-is-seen-that-the-ctenidia-serve-the-two-purposes-of-alimentation-fig-ig2dis-image232098923.htmlRMRDH0F7–. Elementary text-book of zoology. ANODONTA, 273 supra-branchial chambers from the mantle-cavity below. Posteriorly these lead into the exhalent chamber. The water appears to pass between the gill-filaments directly into the supra-branchial and exhalent chambers, aerating the blood in the gill-filaments in its course. The food-particles appear to pass forward to the mouth, which is situated just under the anterior adductor muscle. They are assisted by a pair of fiat triangular labial palps in each side. From this it is seen that the ctenidia serve the two purposes of alimentation Fig. ig2.—Dis
![. Elementary text-book of zoology [electronic resource]. Zoology. ANODONTA, 273 branchial chambers from the mantle-cavity below. Pos- teriorly these lead into the exhalent chamber. The water appears to pass between the gill-filaments directly into the supra-branchial and exhalent chambers aerating the blood in the gill-filaments in its course. The food-particles appear to pass forward to the mouth, which is situated just under the anterior adductor muscle. They are assisted by a pair of flat triangular labial palps in each side. From this it is seen that the ctenidia serve the two purposes of Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RJNAX4/elementary-text-book-of-zoology-electronic-resource-zoology-anodonta-273-branchial-chambers-from-the-mantle-cavity-below-pos-teriorly-these-lead-into-the-exhalent-chamber-the-water-appears-to-pass-between-the-gill-filaments-directly-into-the-supra-branchial-and-exhalent-chambers-aerating-the-blood-in-the-gill-filaments-in-its-course-the-food-particles-appear-to-pass-forward-to-the-mouth-which-is-situated-just-under-the-anterior-adductor-muscle-they-are-assisted-by-a-pair-of-flat-triangular-labial-palps-in-each-side-from-this-it-is-seen-that-the-ctenidia-serve-the-two-purposes-of-RJNAX4.jpg ". Elementary text-book of zoology [electronic resource]. Zoology. ANODONTA, 273 branchial chambers from the mantle-cavity below. Pos- teriorly these lead into the exhalent chamber. The water appears to pass between the gill-filaments directly into the supra-branchial and exhalent chambers aerating the blood in the gill-filaments in its course. The food-particles appear to pass forward to the mouth, which is situated just under the anterior adductor muscle. They are assisted by a pair of flat triangular labial palps in each side. From this it is seen that the ctenidia serve the two purposes of Stock Photo")
. Elementary text-book of zoology [electronic resource]. Zoology. ANODONTA, 273 branchial chambers from the mantle-cavity below. Pos- teriorly these lead into the exhalent chamber. The water appears to pass between the gill-filaments directly into the supra-branchial and exhalent chambers aerating the blood in the gill-filaments in its course. The food-particles appear to pass forward to the mouth, which is situated just under the anterior adductor muscle. They are assisted by a pair of flat triangular labial palps in each side. From this it is seen that the ctenidia serve the two purposes of Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elementary-text-book-of-zoology-electronic-resource-zoology-anodonta-273-branchial-chambers-from-the-mantle-cavity-below-pos-teriorly-these-lead-into-the-exhalent-chamber-the-water-appears-to-pass-between-the-gill-filaments-directly-into-the-supra-branchial-and-exhalent-chambers-aerating-the-blood-in-the-gill-filaments-in-its-course-the-food-particles-appear-to-pass-forward-to-the-mouth-which-is-situated-just-under-the-anterior-adductor-muscle-they-are-assisted-by-a-pair-of-flat-triangular-labial-palps-in-each-side-from-this-it-is-seen-that-the-ctenidia-serve-the-two-purposes-of-image235268156.htmlRMRJNAX4–. Elementary text-book of zoology [electronic resource]. Zoology. ANODONTA, 273 branchial chambers from the mantle-cavity below. Pos- teriorly these lead into the exhalent chamber. The water appears to pass between the gill-filaments directly into the supra-branchial and exhalent chambers aerating the blood in the gill-filaments in its course. The food-particles appear to pass forward to the mouth, which is situated just under the anterior adductor muscle. They are assisted by a pair of flat triangular labial palps in each side. From this it is seen that the ctenidia serve the two purposes of
. A text-book of invertebrate morphology. Invertebrates. TYPE MOLLUSOA. 279 of the blood with those of the water contained in the mantle- cavity being thus readily effected, a renewal of the water con- stantly taking place in consequence of the action of the ecto- dermal cilia. The thin-walled mantle-fold is, however, a very efficient adjunct to the branchiae in respiration, the spaces within the fold being portions of the lacunar coelom and con- sequently containing blood; indeed in some cases the mantle assumes completely the respiratory function, the ctenidia becoming rudimentary. The diges Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-text-book-of-invertebrate-morphology-invertebrates-type-mollusoa-279-of-the-blood-with-those-of-the-water-contained-in-the-mantle-cavity-being-thus-readily-effected-a-renewal-of-the-water-con-stantly-taking-place-in-consequence-of-the-action-of-the-ecto-dermal-cilia-the-thin-walled-mantle-fold-is-however-a-very-efficient-adjunct-to-the-branchiae-in-respiration-the-spaces-within-the-fold-being-portions-of-the-lacunar-coelom-and-con-sequently-containing-blood-indeed-in-some-cases-the-mantle-assumes-completely-the-respiratory-function-the-ctenidia-becoming-rudimentary-the-diges-image232278547.htmlRMRDW5JB–. A text-book of invertebrate morphology. Invertebrates. TYPE MOLLUSOA. 279 of the blood with those of the water contained in the mantle- cavity being thus readily effected, a renewal of the water con- stantly taking place in consequence of the action of the ecto- dermal cilia. The thin-walled mantle-fold is, however, a very efficient adjunct to the branchiae in respiration, the spaces within the fold being portions of the lacunar coelom and con- sequently containing blood; indeed in some cases the mantle assumes completely the respiratory function, the ctenidia becoming rudimentary. The diges
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 394 C. M. YONGE 4cm.. ABR FIGURE 8. /. isognomon, fully expanded animal within right valve, left mantle lobe removed. Plain arrows indicate direction of collecting currents on the ctenidia, also of inhalant and ex- halant currents; feathered arrows direction of cleansing currents.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Marine Biological Laborato Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-biological-bulletin-biology-zoology-biology-marine-biology-394-c-m-yonge-4cm-abr-figure-8-isognomon-fully-expanded-animal-within-right-valve-left-mantle-lobe-removed-plain-arrows-indicate-direction-of-collecting-currents-on-the-ctenidia-also-of-inhalant-and-ex-halant-currents-feathered-arrows-direction-of-cleansing-currents-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-marine-biological-laborato-image234651640.htmlRMRHN8FM–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 394 C. M. YONGE 4cm.. ABR FIGURE 8. /. isognomon, fully expanded animal within right valve, left mantle lobe removed. Plain arrows indicate direction of collecting currents on the ctenidia, also of inhalant and ex- halant currents; feathered arrows direction of cleansing currents.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Marine Biological Laborato
. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology; Zoology. 434 BULLETIN OF THE. Diagrammatic Sketch of different Forms of the Ctenidia in Mollusks. The length of the filaments or lamella; in the first five figures of the diagram is made for convenience disproportionally small. A. Cross-section of gill of Dimya, showing large blood-vessel in the stem, and the position occupied by the filaments upon the stem. B. Cross-section of the gill in Amusium Dalli, the filaments touching but not organically united above. C. The same of Area ectocomata, showing the tubular filame Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/bulletin-of-the-museum-of-comparative-zoology-at-harvard-college-zoology-zoology-434-bulletin-of-the-diagrammatic-sketch-of-different-forms-of-the-ctenidia-in-mollusks-the-length-of-the-filaments-or-lamella-in-the-first-five-figures-of-the-diagram-is-made-for-convenience-disproportionally-small-a-cross-section-of-gill-of-dimya-showing-large-blood-vessel-in-the-stem-and-the-position-occupied-by-the-filaments-upon-the-stem-b-cross-section-of-the-gill-in-amusium-dalli-the-filaments-touching-but-not-organically-united-above-c-the-same-of-area-ectocomata-showing-the-tubular-filame-image233935658.htmlRMRGGK8X–. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology; Zoology. 434 BULLETIN OF THE. Diagrammatic Sketch of different Forms of the Ctenidia in Mollusks. The length of the filaments or lamella; in the first five figures of the diagram is made for convenience disproportionally small. A. Cross-section of gill of Dimya, showing large blood-vessel in the stem, and the position occupied by the filaments upon the stem. B. Cross-section of the gill in Amusium Dalli, the filaments touching but not organically united above. C. The same of Area ectocomata, showing the tubular filame
. A manual of zoology. Zoology. I. AMPHINEURA. 35 i mantle extends beyond the shell and is covered with spines, while in the mantle cavity beneath are, right and left, a series of ctenidia. Xerves enter the shell and end with noticeable sense organs (ajs-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Hertwig, Richard, 1850-1937; Kingsley, J. S. (John Sterling), 1854-1929. New York, H. Holt and Company Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-zoology-i-amphineura-35-i-mantle-extends-beyond-the-shell-and-is-covered-with-spines-while-in-the-mantle-cavity-beneath-are-right-and-left-a-series-of-ctenidia-xerves-enter-the-shell-and-end-with-noticeable-sense-organs-ajs-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-hertwig-richard-1850-1937-kingsley-j-s-john-sterling-1854-1929-new-york-h-holt-and-company-image232347137.htmlRMRE0941–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. I. AMPHINEURA. 35 i mantle extends beyond the shell and is covered with spines, while in the mantle cavity beneath are, right and left, a series of ctenidia. Xerves enter the shell and end with noticeable sense organs (ajs-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Hertwig, Richard, 1850-1937; Kingsley, J. S. (John Sterling), 1854-1929. New York, H. Holt and Company
![. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. CILIARY CURRENTS OF ADULA FALCATA fV tSff)* ISO " V-* , t FIGURE 1. A lateral view of the burrow of A. falcata. The mudstone burrow has been cracked open to expose the left side of the enclosed bivalve.. RESULTS The ciliary currents of feeding The mantle cavity and its organs are illustrated in Figure 2. A. falcata feeds in the usual bivalve manner by extending its siphonal process and filtering particle-laden water through its ctenidia. Of particular interest in the mantle cavity is a flap of tissue, the siphonal valve Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RHN9X1/the-biological-bulletin-biology-zoology-biology-marine-biology-ciliary-currents-of-adula-falcata-fv-tsff-iso-quot-v-t-figure-1-a-lateral-view-of-the-burrow-of-a-falcata-the-mudstone-burrow-has-been-cracked-open-to-expose-the-left-side-of-the-enclosed-bivalve-results-the-ciliary-currents-of-feeding-the-mantle-cavity-and-its-organs-are-illustrated-in-figure-2-a-falcata-feeds-in-the-usual-bivalve-manner-by-extending-its-siphonal-process-and-filtering-particle-laden-water-through-its-ctenidia-of-particular-interest-in-the-mantle-cavity-is-a-flap-of-tissue-the-siphonal-valve-RHN9X1.jpg ". The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. CILIARY CURRENTS OF ADULA FALCATA fV tSff)* ISO " V-* , t FIGURE 1. A lateral view of the burrow of A. falcata. The mudstone burrow has been cracked open to expose the left side of the enclosed bivalve.. RESULTS The ciliary currents of feeding The mantle cavity and its organs are illustrated in Figure 2. A. falcata feeds in the usual bivalve manner by extending its siphonal process and filtering particle-laden water through its ctenidia. Of particular interest in the mantle cavity is a flap of tissue, the siphonal valve Stock Photo")
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. CILIARY CURRENTS OF ADULA FALCATA fV tSff)* ISO " V-* , t FIGURE 1. A lateral view of the burrow of A. falcata. The mudstone burrow has been cracked open to expose the left side of the enclosed bivalve.. RESULTS The ciliary currents of feeding The mantle cavity and its organs are illustrated in Figure 2. A. falcata feeds in the usual bivalve manner by extending its siphonal process and filtering particle-laden water through its ctenidia. Of particular interest in the mantle cavity is a flap of tissue, the siphonal valve Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-biological-bulletin-biology-zoology-biology-marine-biology-ciliary-currents-of-adula-falcata-fv-tsff-iso-quot-v-t-figure-1-a-lateral-view-of-the-burrow-of-a-falcata-the-mudstone-burrow-has-been-cracked-open-to-expose-the-left-side-of-the-enclosed-bivalve-results-the-ciliary-currents-of-feeding-the-mantle-cavity-and-its-organs-are-illustrated-in-figure-2-a-falcata-feeds-in-the-usual-bivalve-manner-by-extending-its-siphonal-process-and-filtering-particle-laden-water-through-its-ctenidia-of-particular-interest-in-the-mantle-cavity-is-a-flap-of-tissue-the-siphonal-valve-image234652713.htmlRMRHN9X1–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. CILIARY CURRENTS OF ADULA FALCATA fV tSff)* ISO " V-* , t FIGURE 1. A lateral view of the burrow of A. falcata. The mudstone burrow has been cracked open to expose the left side of the enclosed bivalve.. RESULTS The ciliary currents of feeding The mantle cavity and its organs are illustrated in Figure 2. A. falcata feeds in the usual bivalve manner by extending its siphonal process and filtering particle-laden water through its ctenidia. Of particular interest in the mantle cavity is a flap of tissue, the siphonal valve
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. FIGURE 1. Phacoidcs pcctinatus Gmelin. Length 5 cm. Dorsal side uppermost. The large dark mass shown by the dissected animal is the right ctenidium; the dark color is due to hemoglobin. Note the colorless edge of the demibranch, which is an indication of the hemoglobin- free, ciliated cells of the exterior of the gill. Members of the family Lucinidae have only the outer demibranch (Purchon, 1939). Absorption spectra Centrifuged homogenates of ctenidia, in phosphate buffers ranging in pH from 6.8 to 7.5 and molarity from 0.06 Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-biological-bulletin-biology-zoology-biology-marine-biology-figure-1-phacoidcs-pcctinatus-gmelin-length-5-cm-dorsal-side-uppermost-the-large-dark-mass-shown-by-the-dissected-animal-is-the-right-ctenidium-the-dark-color-is-due-to-hemoglobin-note-the-colorless-edge-of-the-demibranch-which-is-an-indication-of-the-hemoglobin-free-ciliated-cells-of-the-exterior-of-the-gill-members-of-the-family-lucinidae-have-only-the-outer-demibranch-purchon-1939-absorption-spectra-centrifuged-homogenates-of-ctenidia-in-phosphate-buffers-ranging-in-ph-from-68-to-75-and-molarity-from-006-image234620433.htmlRMRHKTN5–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. FIGURE 1. Phacoidcs pcctinatus Gmelin. Length 5 cm. Dorsal side uppermost. The large dark mass shown by the dissected animal is the right ctenidium; the dark color is due to hemoglobin. Note the colorless edge of the demibranch, which is an indication of the hemoglobin- free, ciliated cells of the exterior of the gill. Members of the family Lucinidae have only the outer demibranch (Purchon, 1939). Absorption spectra Centrifuged homogenates of ctenidia, in phosphate buffers ranging in pH from 6.8 to 7.5 and molarity from 0.06
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 248 L. H. SNYDER AND V. J. CROZIER. difference can be correlated with relative activity. New gills are in all probability added at the posterior end of the ctenidial series. Occasionally gill plumes are observed with divided tips (such as have been figured by Pelseneer, 1920, p. 204). 100. Length of valve 4 in mm. FlG. I. It appears from Fig. i that the full number of ctenidia is estab- lished before maximum growth is attained. It is unlikely that there is a real decrease in the number of ctenidia with extreme age (cf. Tabl Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-biological-bulletin-biology-zoology-biology-marine-biology-248-l-h-snyder-and-v-j-crozier-difference-can-be-correlated-with-relative-activity-new-gills-are-in-all-probability-added-at-the-posterior-end-of-the-ctenidial-series-occasionally-gill-plumes-are-observed-with-divided-tips-such-as-have-been-figured-by-pelseneer-1920-p-204-100-length-of-valve-4-in-mm-flg-i-it-appears-from-fig-i-that-the-full-number-of-ctenidia-is-estab-lished-before-maximum-growth-is-attained-it-is-unlikely-that-there-is-a-real-decrease-in-the-number-of-ctenidia-with-extreme-age-cf-tabl-image234693763.htmlRMRHR683–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 248 L. H. SNYDER AND V. J. CROZIER. difference can be correlated with relative activity. New gills are in all probability added at the posterior end of the ctenidial series. Occasionally gill plumes are observed with divided tips (such as have been figured by Pelseneer, 1920, p. 204). 100. Length of valve 4 in mm. FlG. I. It appears from Fig. i that the full number of ctenidia is estab- lished before maximum growth is attained. It is unlikely that there is a real decrease in the number of ctenidia with extreme age (cf. Tabl
![. Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. 2 Annals of the South African Museum. The Animal.—Chitons are " stomach-footed " as in the Gasteropoda, are furnished with gills or ctenidia on either side, which, according to the family, may extend from only a quarter to the full length of the foot ; the head is separated from the foot and is furnished in common with other Gasteropoda with a radula, a flexible tongue or lingual ribbon, which is armed with teeth and is used for rasping food, con- sisting chiefly of various forms of alga. T Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RMHWKF/annals-of-the-south-african-museum-=-annale-van-die-suid-afrikaanse-museum-natural-history-2-annals-of-the-south-african-museum-the-animalchitons-are-quot-stomach-footed-quot-as-in-the-gasteropoda-are-furnished-with-gills-or-ctenidia-on-either-side-which-according-to-the-family-may-extend-from-only-a-quarter-to-the-full-length-of-the-foot-the-head-is-separated-from-the-foot-and-is-furnished-in-common-with-other-gasteropoda-with-a-radula-a-flexible-tongue-or-lingual-ribbon-which-is-armed-with-teeth-and-is-used-for-rasping-food-con-sisting-chiefly-of-various-forms-of-alga-t-RMHWKF.jpg ". Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. 2 Annals of the South African Museum. The Animal.—Chitons are " stomach-footed " as in the Gasteropoda, are furnished with gills or ctenidia on either side, which, according to the family, may extend from only a quarter to the full length of the foot ; the head is separated from the foot and is furnished in common with other Gasteropoda with a radula, a flexible tongue or lingual ribbon, which is armed with teeth and is used for rasping food, con- sisting chiefly of various forms of alga. T Stock Photo")
. Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. 2 Annals of the South African Museum. The Animal.—Chitons are " stomach-footed " as in the Gasteropoda, are furnished with gills or ctenidia on either side, which, according to the family, may extend from only a quarter to the full length of the foot ; the head is separated from the foot and is furnished in common with other Gasteropoda with a radula, a flexible tongue or lingual ribbon, which is armed with teeth and is used for rasping food, con- sisting chiefly of various forms of alga. T Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/annals-of-the-south-african-museum-=-annale-van-die-suid-afrikaanse-museum-natural-history-2-annals-of-the-south-african-museum-the-animalchitons-are-quot-stomach-footed-quot-as-in-the-gasteropoda-are-furnished-with-gills-or-ctenidia-on-either-side-which-according-to-the-family-may-extend-from-only-a-quarter-to-the-full-length-of-the-foot-the-head-is-separated-from-the-foot-and-is-furnished-in-common-with-other-gasteropoda-with-a-radula-a-flexible-tongue-or-lingual-ribbon-which-is-armed-with-teeth-and-is-used-for-rasping-food-con-sisting-chiefly-of-various-forms-of-alga-t-image236421235.htmlRMRMHWKF–. Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. 2 Annals of the South African Museum. The Animal.—Chitons are " stomach-footed " as in the Gasteropoda, are furnished with gills or ctenidia on either side, which, according to the family, may extend from only a quarter to the full length of the foot ; the head is separated from the foot and is furnished in common with other Gasteropoda with a radula, a flexible tongue or lingual ribbon, which is armed with teeth and is used for rasping food, con- sisting chiefly of various forms of alga. T
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Marine biology. 394 C. M. YONGE 4cm.. Figure 8. /. isognomon, fully expanded animal within right valve, left mantle lobe removed. Plain arrows indicate direction of collecting currents on the ctenidia, also of inhalant and ex- halant currents; feathered arrows direction of cleansing currents. I. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Lillie, Frank Rattray, 1870-1947; Moo Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-biological-bulletin-biology-zoology-marine-biology-394-c-m-yonge-4cm-figure-8-isognomon-fully-expanded-animal-within-right-valve-left-mantle-lobe-removed-plain-arrows-indicate-direction-of-collecting-currents-on-the-ctenidia-also-of-inhalant-and-ex-halant-currents-feathered-arrows-direction-of-cleansing-currents-i-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-lillie-frank-rattray-1870-1947-moo-image234540130.htmlRMRHG696–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Marine biology. 394 C. M. YONGE 4cm.. Figure 8. /. isognomon, fully expanded animal within right valve, left mantle lobe removed. Plain arrows indicate direction of collecting currents on the ctenidia, also of inhalant and ex- halant currents; feathered arrows direction of cleansing currents. I. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Lillie, Frank Rattray, 1870-1947; Moo
![. Elementary text-book of zoology [electronic resource]. Zoology. CEPHALOPODA. 2S5 The order Tetrabranchiata contains the pearly nautilus (Nautilus), and a number of extinct allies. The nephridia and ctenidia are reduplicated, hence there are two pairs. The tentacles have no suckers, and there is a large external shell. I he shell of the pearly nautilus is chambered 'J'he animal inhabits the last chamber. A median hole through each septum transmits a long process of the body called the siphuncle. Fig. 199.—Lateral View of a Nautilus in its Shell. (After Owen.) P t. 9 Note the hollow chambered Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RJNAMC/elementary-text-book-of-zoology-electronic-resource-zoology-cephalopoda-2s5-the-order-tetrabranchiata-contains-the-pearly-nautilus-nautilus-and-a-number-of-extinct-allies-the-nephridia-and-ctenidia-are-reduplicated-hence-there-are-two-pairs-the-tentacles-have-no-suckers-and-there-is-a-large-external-shell-i-he-shell-of-the-pearly-nautilus-is-chambered-jhe-animal-inhabits-the-last-chamber-a-median-hole-through-each-septum-transmits-a-long-process-of-the-body-called-the-siphuncle-fig-199lateral-view-of-a-nautilus-in-its-shell-after-owen-p-t-9-note-the-hollow-chambered-RJNAMC.jpg ". Elementary text-book of zoology [electronic resource]. Zoology. CEPHALOPODA. 2S5 The order Tetrabranchiata contains the pearly nautilus (Nautilus), and a number of extinct allies. The nephridia and ctenidia are reduplicated, hence there are two pairs. The tentacles have no suckers, and there is a large external shell. I he shell of the pearly nautilus is chambered 'J'he animal inhabits the last chamber. A median hole through each septum transmits a long process of the body called the siphuncle. Fig. 199.—Lateral View of a Nautilus in its Shell. (After Owen.) P t. 9 Note the hollow chambered Stock Photo")
. Elementary text-book of zoology [electronic resource]. Zoology. CEPHALOPODA. 2S5 The order Tetrabranchiata contains the pearly nautilus (Nautilus), and a number of extinct allies. The nephridia and ctenidia are reduplicated, hence there are two pairs. The tentacles have no suckers, and there is a large external shell. I he shell of the pearly nautilus is chambered 'J'he animal inhabits the last chamber. A median hole through each septum transmits a long process of the body called the siphuncle. Fig. 199.—Lateral View of a Nautilus in its Shell. (After Owen.) P t. 9 Note the hollow chambered Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elementary-text-book-of-zoology-electronic-resource-zoology-cephalopoda-2s5-the-order-tetrabranchiata-contains-the-pearly-nautilus-nautilus-and-a-number-of-extinct-allies-the-nephridia-and-ctenidia-are-reduplicated-hence-there-are-two-pairs-the-tentacles-have-no-suckers-and-there-is-a-large-external-shell-i-he-shell-of-the-pearly-nautilus-is-chambered-jhe-animal-inhabits-the-last-chamber-a-median-hole-through-each-septum-transmits-a-long-process-of-the-body-called-the-siphuncle-fig-199lateral-view-of-a-nautilus-in-its-shell-after-owen-p-t-9-note-the-hollow-chambered-image235267996.htmlRMRJNAMC–. Elementary text-book of zoology [electronic resource]. Zoology. CEPHALOPODA. 2S5 The order Tetrabranchiata contains the pearly nautilus (Nautilus), and a number of extinct allies. The nephridia and ctenidia are reduplicated, hence there are two pairs. The tentacles have no suckers, and there is a large external shell. I he shell of the pearly nautilus is chambered 'J'he animal inhabits the last chamber. A median hole through each septum transmits a long process of the body called the siphuncle. Fig. 199.—Lateral View of a Nautilus in its Shell. (After Owen.) P t. 9 Note the hollow chambered
. A text-book of invertebrate morphology. Invertebrates. T7PE MOLLUSC A. 291 while another pair pass to a pair of ganglia lying below the radula and in intimate connection with a peculiar subradular organ, probably sensory, lying in this region.. Fig. 130.—Diagram of Nervous and Excretory Systems of Chiton siculus (combination of two figures by Hallee). an = anus. no = nephridial orifice. Br = ctenidia. oe = oesophagus. go = geuital orifice. pe = pedal nerve cord. n = nephridium. pi = pleural nerve-cord. As regards sense-organs, in addition to this subradular organ whose function is entirely p Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-text-book-of-invertebrate-morphology-invertebrates-t7pe-mollusc-a-291-while-another-pair-pass-to-a-pair-of-ganglia-lying-below-the-radula-and-in-intimate-connection-with-a-peculiar-subradular-organ-probably-sensory-lying-in-this-region-fig-130diagram-of-nervous-and-excretory-systems-of-chiton-siculus-combination-of-two-figures-by-hallee-an-=-anus-no-=-nephridial-orifice-br-=-ctenidia-oe-=-oesophagus-go-=-geuital-orifice-pe-=-pedal-nerve-cord-n-=-nephridium-pi-=-pleural-nerve-cord-as-regards-sense-organs-in-addition-to-this-subradular-organ-whose-function-is-entirely-p-image232351224.htmlRMRE0EA0–. A text-book of invertebrate morphology. Invertebrates. T7PE MOLLUSC A. 291 while another pair pass to a pair of ganglia lying below the radula and in intimate connection with a peculiar subradular organ, probably sensory, lying in this region.. Fig. 130.—Diagram of Nervous and Excretory Systems of Chiton siculus (combination of two figures by Hallee). an = anus. no = nephridial orifice. Br = ctenidia. oe = oesophagus. go = geuital orifice. pe = pedal nerve cord. n = nephridium. pi = pleural nerve-cord. As regards sense-organs, in addition to this subradular organ whose function is entirely p
. A manual of zoology. Zoology. Fig. 343. Fig. 344. Fig. 343.—Hyalcea complanala from above (after Gegenbaur). a, anus; br, gill; c, heart; g, gonad; h, liver; m, mantle; oe, oesophagus; re, nephridium; ^', stomach; //, pedal ganglion and otocyst. Fig. 344.—A, Clione papilionacea.* Cavolinid^ make the 'pterpod ooze' of the deep seas. GYMNOSOMATA; shell lacking. Pneumodermon, Clioiie* Sub Order III. NUDIBRANCHIA. Shell, ctenidia, and osphradia lacking; most possessing accessory gills (cerata) of varying form and distribution. Doridiid^ (Fig. 345J. Tritoniid^, JEolivx. Fig. 345.—Doris bilamellat Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-zoology-fig-343-fig-344-fig-343hyalcea-complanala-from-above-after-gegenbaur-a-anus-br-gill-c-heart-g-gonad-h-liver-m-mantle-oe-oesophagus-re-nephridium-stomach-pedal-ganglion-and-otocyst-fig-344a-clione-papilionacea-cavolinid-make-the-pterpod-ooze-of-the-deep-seas-gymnosomata-shell-lacking-pneumodermon-clioiie-sub-order-iii-nudibranchia-shell-ctenidia-and-osphradia-lacking-most-possessing-accessory-gills-cerata-of-varying-form-and-distribution-doridiid-fig-345j-tritoniid-jeolivx-fig-345doris-bilamellat-image232132599.htmlRMRDJFDY–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. Fig. 343. Fig. 344. Fig. 343.—Hyalcea complanala from above (after Gegenbaur). a, anus; br, gill; c, heart; g, gonad; h, liver; m, mantle; oe, oesophagus; re, nephridium; ^', stomach; //, pedal ganglion and otocyst. Fig. 344.—A, Clione papilionacea.* Cavolinid^ make the 'pterpod ooze' of the deep seas. GYMNOSOMATA; shell lacking. Pneumodermon, Clioiie* Sub Order III. NUDIBRANCHIA. Shell, ctenidia, and osphradia lacking; most possessing accessory gills (cerata) of varying form and distribution. Doridiid^ (Fig. 345J. Tritoniid^, JEolivx. Fig. 345.—Doris bilamellat
. A manual of zoology. PHYLUM MOLLUSCA 283 ficial layer of the shell valves. The megalsesthetes may take the form of eyes, with cornea, lens, pigment layer with iris, and retina. There are two symmetrical nephridia (Fig. 170) opening internally into the pericardium by a ciliated funnel-like opening (n. fieri, afi), and clen. €Z7L Fig. 170. — Chiton, nephridial and genital systems, an, anus; cten, ctenidia; gen. ap, genital aperture; gon, gonad; gouod, gonoduct; mo, mouth; neph. ap, nephridial aperture; n.peri. ap, aperture from nephridia to pericardium. (From Simroth, after Haller and Lang.) o Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-phylum-mollusca-283-ficial-layer-of-the-shell-valves-the-megalsesthetes-may-take-the-form-of-eyes-with-cornea-lens-pigment-layer-with-iris-and-retina-there-are-two-symmetrical-nephridia-fig-170-opening-internally-into-the-pericardium-by-a-ciliated-funnel-like-opening-n-fieri-afi-and-clen-z7l-fig-170-chiton-nephridial-and-genital-systems-an-anus-cten-ctenidia-gen-ap-genital-aperture-gon-gonad-gouod-gonoduct-mo-mouth-neph-ap-nephridial-aperture-nperi-ap-aperture-from-nephridia-to-pericardium-from-simroth-after-haller-and-lang-o-image232133054.htmlRMRDJG26–. A manual of zoology. PHYLUM MOLLUSCA 283 ficial layer of the shell valves. The megalsesthetes may take the form of eyes, with cornea, lens, pigment layer with iris, and retina. There are two symmetrical nephridia (Fig. 170) opening internally into the pericardium by a ciliated funnel-like opening (n. fieri, afi), and clen. €Z7L Fig. 170. — Chiton, nephridial and genital systems, an, anus; cten, ctenidia; gen. ap, genital aperture; gon, gonad; gouod, gonoduct; mo, mouth; neph. ap, nephridial aperture; n.peri. ap, aperture from nephridia to pericardium. (From Simroth, after Haller and Lang.) o
. A manual of zoology. Zoology. FlG. 344—C/iifon SQurir))0.si(s, dorsal view. (After Haller.) .4, the entire animal; /?, after removal of shell and viseera. a, anus; C, brain; K, ctenidia; o, mouth; /', xjedal nerve cord; pi, pleurovisceral nerve cord. thetes and, in some, eyes, fig. 345). The symmetry of the Ijody is also expressed in the viscera. The aims is medial, and right and. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-zoology-flg-344ciifon-squrir0sis-dorsal-view-after-haller-4-the-entire-animal-after-removal-of-shell-and-viseera-a-anus-c-brain-k-ctenidia-o-mouth-xjedal-nerve-cord-pi-pleurovisceral-nerve-cord-thetes-and-in-some-eyes-fig-345-the-symmetry-of-the-ijody-is-also-expressed-in-the-viscera-the-aims-is-medial-and-right-and-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-image232347132.htmlRMRE093T–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. FlG. 344—C/iifon SQurir))0.si(s, dorsal view. (After Haller.) .4, the entire animal; /?, after removal of shell and viseera. a, anus; C, brain; K, ctenidia; o, mouth; /', xjedal nerve cord; pi, pleurovisceral nerve cord. thetes and, in some, eyes, fig. 345). The symmetry of the Ijody is also expressed in the viscera. The aims is medial, and right and. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. PARASITISM IN TR1CHOTROPIS 353 two calyptraeids (P < 0.00 h Fig. 2). Relative growth rates of ctenidia, as indicated by the slopes of regressions of ctenidium area on body mass for T. cancellata and the two calpyptraeids. were not significantly different (0.1 < P < 0.2). Importance of parasitism to growth, survival, and reproduction Experimental snails behaved similarly to other T. can- cellata observed in the laboratory. In particular, those raised with live hosts moved to the openings of host tubes within a few da Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-biological-bulletin-biology-zoology-biology-marine-biology-parasitism-in-tr1chotropis-353-two-calyptraeids-p-lt-000-h-fig-2-relative-growth-rates-of-ctenidia-as-indicated-by-the-slopes-of-regressions-of-ctenidium-area-on-body-mass-for-t-cancellata-and-the-two-calpyptraeids-were-not-significantly-different-01-lt-p-lt-02-importance-of-parasitism-to-growth-survival-and-reproduction-experimental-snails-behaved-similarly-to-other-t-can-cellata-observed-in-the-laboratory-in-particular-those-raised-with-live-hosts-moved-to-the-openings-of-host-tubes-within-a-few-da-image234630494.htmlRMRHM9GE–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. PARASITISM IN TR1CHOTROPIS 353 two calyptraeids (P < 0.00 h Fig. 2). Relative growth rates of ctenidia, as indicated by the slopes of regressions of ctenidium area on body mass for T. cancellata and the two calpyptraeids. were not significantly different (0.1 < P < 0.2). Importance of parasitism to growth, survival, and reproduction Experimental snails behaved similarly to other T. can- cellata observed in the laboratory. In particular, those raised with live hosts moved to the openings of host tubes within a few da
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Marine biology. 382 C. M. YONGE. AOL Figure 2. M. regula. A, fully expanded animal within right valve, left mantle lobe removed. Plain arrows indicate direction of collecting currents on the ctenidia, also of inhalant currents; feathered arrows direction of cleansing currents. B. Section through valve and mantle distal to adductor showing three marginal mantle folds with periostracum (broken line), outer prismatic layer (oblique lines) and inner nacreous layer (black) of the valve. Waste material carried marginally and then, where marked with x, con Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-biological-bulletin-biology-zoology-marine-biology-382-c-m-yonge-aol-figure-2-m-regula-a-fully-expanded-animal-within-right-valve-left-mantle-lobe-removed-plain-arrows-indicate-direction-of-collecting-currents-on-the-ctenidia-also-of-inhalant-currents-feathered-arrows-direction-of-cleansing-currents-b-section-through-valve-and-mantle-distal-to-adductor-showing-three-marginal-mantle-folds-with-periostracum-broken-line-outer-prismatic-layer-oblique-lines-and-inner-nacreous-layer-black-of-the-valve-waste-material-carried-marginally-and-then-where-marked-with-x-con-image234612950.htmlRMRHKF5X–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Marine biology. 382 C. M. YONGE. AOL Figure 2. M. regula. A, fully expanded animal within right valve, left mantle lobe removed. Plain arrows indicate direction of collecting currents on the ctenidia, also of inhalant currents; feathered arrows direction of cleansing currents. B. Section through valve and mantle distal to adductor showing three marginal mantle folds with periostracum (broken line), outer prismatic layer (oblique lines) and inner nacreous layer (black) of the valve. Waste material carried marginally and then, where marked with x, con
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. RESULTS The ciliary currents of feeding The mantle cavity and its organs are illustrated in Figure 2. A. falcata feeds in the usual bivalve manner by extending its siphonal process and filtering particle-laden water through its ctenidia. Of particular interest in the mantle cavity is a flap of tissue, the siphonal valve, extending ventrally from the anterior VM PA ROLP AN •APR. IN RILP 0.5CM FIGURE 2. The organs and ciliary currents of the mantle cavity of A. falcata after removal of the right shell valve, the right mantle l Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-biological-bulletin-biology-zoology-biology-marine-biology-results-the-ciliary-currents-of-feeding-the-mantle-cavity-and-its-organs-are-illustrated-in-figure-2-a-falcata-feeds-in-the-usual-bivalve-manner-by-extending-its-siphonal-process-and-filtering-particle-laden-water-through-its-ctenidia-of-particular-interest-in-the-mantle-cavity-is-a-flap-of-tissue-the-siphonal-valve-extending-ventrally-from-the-anterior-vm-pa-rolp-an-apr-in-rilp-05cm-figure-2-the-organs-and-ciliary-currents-of-the-mantle-cavity-of-a-falcata-after-removal-of-the-right-shell-valve-the-right-mantle-l-image234652694.htmlRMRHN9WA–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. RESULTS The ciliary currents of feeding The mantle cavity and its organs are illustrated in Figure 2. A. falcata feeds in the usual bivalve manner by extending its siphonal process and filtering particle-laden water through its ctenidia. Of particular interest in the mantle cavity is a flap of tissue, the siphonal valve, extending ventrally from the anterior VM PA ROLP AN •APR. IN RILP 0.5CM FIGURE 2. The organs and ciliary currents of the mantle cavity of A. falcata after removal of the right shell valve, the right mantle l
. A manual of zoology. 292 MANUAL OF ZOOLOGY In the limpets {Patella and its allies1) (Fig. 179) the true ctenidia are represented only by a pair of vestiges, and respiration is carried on by a number of secondary branchiae (g. /) in the form of lamella; situated between the short lateral fold of the mantle and the foot. In the Pul- monata, and in some members of other groups, ctenidia are absent, and the mantle-cavity, completely enclosed except. Fig. 179.—Patella vulgata, seen from the ventral side, f, foot;^./, circlet of gill lamella;; m. e, edge of the mantle; mit, attachment muscle; si, Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-292-manual-of-zoology-in-the-limpets-patella-and-its-allies1-fig-179-the-true-ctenidia-are-represented-only-by-a-pair-of-vestiges-and-respiration-is-carried-on-by-a-number-of-secondary-branchiae-g-in-the-form-of-lamella-situated-between-the-short-lateral-fold-of-the-mantle-and-the-foot-in-the-pul-monata-and-in-some-members-of-other-groups-ctenidia-are-absent-and-the-mantle-cavity-completely-enclosed-except-fig-179patella-vulgata-seen-from-the-ventral-side-f-foot-circlet-of-gill-lamella-m-e-edge-of-the-mantle-mit-attachment-muscle-si-image232132988.htmlRMRDJFYT–. A manual of zoology. 292 MANUAL OF ZOOLOGY In the limpets {Patella and its allies1) (Fig. 179) the true ctenidia are represented only by a pair of vestiges, and respiration is carried on by a number of secondary branchiae (g. /) in the form of lamella; situated between the short lateral fold of the mantle and the foot. In the Pul- monata, and in some members of other groups, ctenidia are absent, and the mantle-cavity, completely enclosed except. Fig. 179.—Patella vulgata, seen from the ventral side, f, foot;^./, circlet of gill lamella;; m. e, edge of the mantle; mit, attachment muscle; si,
. Comparative anatomy and physiology. B. Fig. 36.—Diagrams of the Typical Structure of a Mollusc. A, from above; B, from below. a, Tentacles of head ; 6, head ; c, edge of mantle ; e, outline of foot seen through the mantle, which is supposed to he transparent; /, edge of shell-follicle; g, shell; h, osphradium (Sprengel's olfactory organ); i, ctenidia (gills); k, generative orifice (paired); I, aperture of one of the nephrldia (excretory organs); m, anus; «, foot where it extends beyond the visceral mass; o, mouth ; p, plantar surface of foot. (After Ray Lankester.) and posterior; right and l Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/comparative-anatomy-and-physiology-b-fig-36diagrams-of-the-typical-structure-of-a-mollusc-a-from-above-b-from-below-a-tentacles-of-head-6-head-c-edge-of-mantle-e-outline-of-foot-seen-through-the-mantle-which-is-supposed-to-he-transparent-edge-of-shell-follicle-g-shell-h-osphradium-sprengels-olfactory-organ-i-ctenidia-gills-k-generative-orifice-paired-i-aperture-of-one-of-the-nephrldia-excretory-organs-m-anus-foot-where-it-extends-beyond-the-visceral-mass-o-mouth-p-plantar-surface-of-foot-after-ray-lankester-and-posterior-right-and-l-image232683381.htmlRMREFJ0N–. Comparative anatomy and physiology. B. Fig. 36.—Diagrams of the Typical Structure of a Mollusc. A, from above; B, from below. a, Tentacles of head ; 6, head ; c, edge of mantle ; e, outline of foot seen through the mantle, which is supposed to he transparent; /, edge of shell-follicle; g, shell; h, osphradium (Sprengel's olfactory organ); i, ctenidia (gills); k, generative orifice (paired); I, aperture of one of the nephrldia (excretory organs); m, anus; «, foot where it extends beyond the visceral mass; o, mouth ; p, plantar surface of foot. (After Ray Lankester.) and posterior; right and l
. A manual of zoology. Zoology. Fig. 343. Fig. 344. Fig. 343.—Hyalcea complanala from above (after Gegenbaur). a, anus; br, gill; c, heart; g, gonad; h, liver; m, mantle; oe, oesophagus; re, nephridium; ^', stomach; //, pedal ganglion and otocyst. Fig. 344.—A, Clione papilionacea.* Cavolinid^ make the 'pterpod ooze' of the deep seas. GYMNOSOMATA; shell lacking. Pneumodermon, Clioiie* Sub Order III. NUDIBRANCHIA. Shell, ctenidia, and osphradia lacking; most possessing accessory gills (cerata) of varying form and distribution. Doridiid^ (Fig. 345J. Tritoniid^, JEolivx. Please note that these ima Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-zoology-fig-343-fig-344-fig-343hyalcea-complanala-from-above-after-gegenbaur-a-anus-br-gill-c-heart-g-gonad-h-liver-m-mantle-oe-oesophagus-re-nephridium-stomach-pedal-ganglion-and-otocyst-fig-344a-clione-papilionacea-cavolinid-make-the-pterpod-ooze-of-the-deep-seas-gymnosomata-shell-lacking-pneumodermon-clioiie-sub-order-iii-nudibranchia-shell-ctenidia-and-osphradia-lacking-most-possessing-accessory-gills-cerata-of-varying-form-and-distribution-doridiid-fig-345j-tritoniid-jeolivx-please-note-that-these-ima-image232132603.htmlRMRDJFE3–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. Fig. 343. Fig. 344. Fig. 343.—Hyalcea complanala from above (after Gegenbaur). a, anus; br, gill; c, heart; g, gonad; h, liver; m, mantle; oe, oesophagus; re, nephridium; ^', stomach; //, pedal ganglion and otocyst. Fig. 344.—A, Clione papilionacea.* Cavolinid^ make the 'pterpod ooze' of the deep seas. GYMNOSOMATA; shell lacking. Pneumodermon, Clioiie* Sub Order III. NUDIBRANCHIA. Shell, ctenidia, and osphradia lacking; most possessing accessory gills (cerata) of varying form and distribution. Doridiid^ (Fig. 345J. Tritoniid^, JEolivx. Please note that these ima
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 382 C. M. YONGE PR OF. POL IL' AOL FIGURE 2. M. regula. A, fully expanded animal within right valve, left mantle lobe removed. Plain arrows indicate direction of collecting currents on the ctenidia, also of inhalant currents; feathered arrows direction of cleansing currents. B. Section through valve and mantle distal to adductor showing three marginal mantle folds with periostracum (broken line), outer prismatic layer (oblique lines) and inner nacreous layer (black) of the valve. Waste material carried marginally and then, w Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-biological-bulletin-biology-zoology-biology-marine-biology-382-c-m-yonge-pr-of-pol-il-aol-figure-2-m-regula-a-fully-expanded-animal-within-right-valve-left-mantle-lobe-removed-plain-arrows-indicate-direction-of-collecting-currents-on-the-ctenidia-also-of-inhalant-currents-feathered-arrows-direction-of-cleansing-currents-b-section-through-valve-and-mantle-distal-to-adductor-showing-three-marginal-mantle-folds-with-periostracum-broken-line-outer-prismatic-layer-oblique-lines-and-inner-nacreous-layer-black-of-the-valve-waste-material-carried-marginally-and-then-w-image234651846.htmlRMRHN8R2–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 382 C. M. YONGE PR OF. POL IL' AOL FIGURE 2. M. regula. A, fully expanded animal within right valve, left mantle lobe removed. Plain arrows indicate direction of collecting currents on the ctenidia, also of inhalant currents; feathered arrows direction of cleansing currents. B. Section through valve and mantle distal to adductor showing three marginal mantle folds with periostracum (broken line), outer prismatic layer (oblique lines) and inner nacreous layer (black) of the valve. Waste material carried marginally and then, w
. A manual of zoology. Zoology. Fifi. 37a. Fio. :)r3. Fig. .372. âF^issMrcffct padigoiiica, ventral view. (From Broun.) /»â , the paired gills; )), foot. Fio. 373.âAcm(jio testudinalia, limpet. (From Binnuy-Uoiild.) one or no ctenidium ; intestine not passing through heart, shell conical. AcMTEiD^ with ctenidium. Acma'a * (fig. 373). Patellid.e, ctenidia lacking, replaced by a ring-like mantle gill. Patella (fig. 363, ^4). ZYGO-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illus Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-zoology-fifi-37a-fio-r3-fig-372-fissmrcffct-padigoiiica-ventral-view-from-broun-the-paired-gills-foot-fio-373acmjio-testudinalia-limpet-from-binnuy-uoiild-one-or-no-ctenidium-intestine-not-passing-through-heart-shell-conical-acmteid-with-ctenidium-acmaa-fig-373-patellide-ctenidia-lacking-replaced-by-a-ring-like-mantle-gill-patella-fig-363-4-zygo-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illus-image232346983.htmlRMRE08XF–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. Fifi. 37a. Fio. :)r3. Fig. .372. âF^issMrcffct padigoiiica, ventral view. (From Broun.) /»â , the paired gills; )), foot. Fio. 373.âAcm(jio testudinalia, limpet. (From Binnuy-Uoiild.) one or no ctenidium ; intestine not passing through heart, shell conical. AcMTEiD^ with ctenidium. Acma'a * (fig. 373). Patellid.e, ctenidia lacking, replaced by a ring-like mantle gill. Patella (fig. 363, ^4). ZYGO-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illus
![. Elementary text-book of zoology [electronic resource]. Zoology. 272 MOLLUSC A. On either side of the foot there hang the gill-lamellcE, or ctenidia. These are four plates or lamellae on each side, Re "r t formed in each case by a gill-plate folded in itself, the outer gill-plate outwards and the inner inwards. The gill-plates are themselves composed of a num- ber of gill-JHatnerits, which hang perpendicularly in a single row from a horizontal axis, which is fused with the body- wall.. A ctenidium, therefore, consists of a medium axis with two rows of gill-filaments, each row forming a g Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RJNAY0/elementary-text-book-of-zoology-electronic-resource-zoology-272-mollusc-a-on-either-side-of-the-foot-there-hang-the-gill-lamellce-or-ctenidia-these-are-four-plates-or-lamellae-on-each-side-re-quotr-t-formed-in-each-case-by-a-gill-plate-folded-in-itself-the-outer-gill-plate-outwards-and-the-inner-inwards-the-gill-plates-are-themselves-composed-of-a-num-ber-of-gill-jhatnerits-which-hang-perpendicularly-in-a-single-row-from-a-horizontal-axis-which-is-fused-with-the-body-wall-a-ctenidium-therefore-consists-of-a-medium-axis-with-two-rows-of-gill-filaments-each-row-forming-a-g-RJNAY0.jpg ". Elementary text-book of zoology [electronic resource]. Zoology. 272 MOLLUSC A. On either side of the foot there hang the gill-lamellcE, or ctenidia. These are four plates or lamellae on each side, Re "r t formed in each case by a gill-plate folded in itself, the outer gill-plate outwards and the inner inwards. The gill-plates are themselves composed of a num- ber of gill-JHatnerits, which hang perpendicularly in a single row from a horizontal axis, which is fused with the body- wall.. A ctenidium, therefore, consists of a medium axis with two rows of gill-filaments, each row forming a g Stock Photo")
. Elementary text-book of zoology [electronic resource]. Zoology. 272 MOLLUSC A. On either side of the foot there hang the gill-lamellcE, or ctenidia. These are four plates or lamellae on each side, Re "r t formed in each case by a gill-plate folded in itself, the outer gill-plate outwards and the inner inwards. The gill-plates are themselves composed of a num- ber of gill-JHatnerits, which hang perpendicularly in a single row from a horizontal axis, which is fused with the body- wall.. A ctenidium, therefore, consists of a medium axis with two rows of gill-filaments, each row forming a g Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elementary-text-book-of-zoology-electronic-resource-zoology-272-mollusc-a-on-either-side-of-the-foot-there-hang-the-gill-lamellce-or-ctenidia-these-are-four-plates-or-lamellae-on-each-side-re-quotr-t-formed-in-each-case-by-a-gill-plate-folded-in-itself-the-outer-gill-plate-outwards-and-the-inner-inwards-the-gill-plates-are-themselves-composed-of-a-num-ber-of-gill-jhatnerits-which-hang-perpendicularly-in-a-single-row-from-a-horizontal-axis-which-is-fused-with-the-body-wall-a-ctenidium-therefore-consists-of-a-medium-axis-with-two-rows-of-gill-filaments-each-row-forming-a-g-image235268180.htmlRMRJNAY0–. Elementary text-book of zoology [electronic resource]. Zoology. 272 MOLLUSC A. On either side of the foot there hang the gill-lamellcE, or ctenidia. These are four plates or lamellae on each side, Re "r t formed in each case by a gill-plate folded in itself, the outer gill-plate outwards and the inner inwards. The gill-plates are themselves composed of a num- ber of gill-JHatnerits, which hang perpendicularly in a single row from a horizontal axis, which is fused with the body- wall.. A ctenidium, therefore, consists of a medium axis with two rows of gill-filaments, each row forming a g
![. A textbook of invertebrate morphology [microform]. Invertebrates; Morphology (Animals); Invertébrés; Morphologie (Animaux). TYPE MOLLUSC A. 363 Qtle and r a thin of those [i yolk, in modified, ems clear, ence of a stry of the t in forms ipe of the 3sts forms tocardiate doubt but is they do primitive ent of the le ctenidia tion. The the Octo- the former 1 called to to the An- d out that n ancestor inderstand imilarities, ia, but ex- o respects, ophore; it eadily ex- ures origi- lal—a plic- admittod, icemen t are nphineura. le former a ^nized. If ited that it, than in the lilar struct- !y acqu Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/REP3XN/a-textbook-of-invertebrate-morphology-microform-invertebrates-morphology-animals-invertbrs-morphologie-animaux-type-mollusc-a-363-qtle-and-r-a-thin-of-those-i-yolk-in-modified-ems-clear-ence-of-a-stry-of-the-t-in-forms-ipe-of-the-3sts-forms-tocardiate-doubt-but-is-they-do-primitive-ent-of-the-le-ctenidia-tion-the-the-octo-the-former-1-called-to-to-the-an-d-out-that-n-ancestor-inderstand-imilarities-ia-but-ex-o-respects-ophore-it-eadily-ex-ures-origi-lala-plic-admittod-icemen-t-are-nphineura-le-former-a-nized-if-ited-that-it-than-in-the-lilar-struct-!y-acqu-REP3XN.jpg ". A textbook of invertebrate morphology [microform]. Invertebrates; Morphology (Animals); Invertébrés; Morphologie (Animaux). TYPE MOLLUSC A. 363 Qtle and r a thin of those [i yolk, in modified, ems clear, ence of a stry of the t in forms ipe of the 3sts forms tocardiate doubt but is they do primitive ent of the le ctenidia tion. The the Octo- the former 1 called to to the An- d out that n ancestor inderstand imilarities, ia, but ex- o respects, ophore; it eadily ex- ures origi- lal—a plic- admittod, icemen t are nphineura. le former a ^nized. If ited that it, than in the lilar struct- !y acqu Stock Photo")
. A textbook of invertebrate morphology [microform]. Invertebrates; Morphology (Animals); Invertébrés; Morphologie (Animaux). TYPE MOLLUSC A. 363 Qtle and r a thin of those [i yolk, in modified, ems clear, ence of a stry of the t in forms ipe of the 3sts forms tocardiate doubt but is they do primitive ent of the le ctenidia tion. The the Octo- the former 1 called to to the An- d out that n ancestor inderstand imilarities, ia, but ex- o respects, ophore; it eadily ex- ures origi- lal—a plic- admittod, icemen t are nphineura. le former a ^nized. If ited that it, than in the lilar struct- !y acqu Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-textbook-of-invertebrate-morphology-microform-invertebrates-morphology-animals-invertbrs-morphologie-animaux-type-mollusc-a-363-qtle-and-r-a-thin-of-those-i-yolk-in-modified-ems-clear-ence-of-a-stry-of-the-t-in-forms-ipe-of-the-3sts-forms-tocardiate-doubt-but-is-they-do-primitive-ent-of-the-le-ctenidia-tion-the-the-octo-the-former-1-called-to-to-the-an-d-out-that-n-ancestor-inderstand-imilarities-ia-but-ex-o-respects-ophore-it-eadily-ex-ures-origi-lala-plic-admittod-icemen-t-are-nphineura-le-former-a-nized-if-ited-that-it-than-in-the-lilar-struct-!y-acqu-image232826013.htmlRMREP3XN–. A textbook of invertebrate morphology [microform]. Invertebrates; Morphology (Animals); Invertébrés; Morphologie (Animaux). TYPE MOLLUSC A. 363 Qtle and r a thin of those [i yolk, in modified, ems clear, ence of a stry of the t in forms ipe of the 3sts forms tocardiate doubt but is they do primitive ent of the le ctenidia tion. The the Octo- the former 1 called to to the An- d out that n ancestor inderstand imilarities, ia, but ex- o respects, ophore; it eadily ex- ures origi- lal—a plic- admittod, icemen t are nphineura. le former a ^nized. If ited that it, than in the lilar struct- !y acqu
. A manual of zoology. 293 MANUAL OF ZOOLOGY tion, and surrounds the mouth. A distinct head is pres- ent, and the foot assumes the appearance of a system of appendages of the head. In the cuttle-fishes (Fig. 182), jaws inf cart Tnank ruLd-. mus, 7r1a.nl '- Fig. 183.—Nautilus pompilius, diagrammatic lateral view of a female specimen enclosed in its shell, cart, cartilage; ctt;t, ctenidia; hd, hood; inf, funnel; jaws, jaws; mant, mantle: mant', dorsal mantle-fold overlapping the coil of the shell; mus, position of lateral mass of muscle; nid, nidamental glands; sept, first septum; siph, siphuncl Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-293-manual-of-zoology-tion-and-surrounds-the-mouth-a-distinct-head-is-pres-ent-and-the-foot-assumes-the-appearance-of-a-system-of-appendages-of-the-head-in-the-cuttle-fishes-fig-182-jaws-inf-cart-tnank-ruld-mus-7r1anl-fig-183nautilus-pompilius-diagrammatic-lateral-view-of-a-female-specimen-enclosed-in-its-shell-cart-cartilage-cttt-ctenidia-hd-hood-inf-funnel-jaws-jaws-mant-mantle-mant-dorsal-mantle-fold-overlapping-the-coil-of-the-shell-mus-position-of-lateral-mass-of-muscle-nid-nidamental-glands-sept-first-septum-siph-siphuncl-image232132946.htmlRMRDJFXA–. A manual of zoology. 293 MANUAL OF ZOOLOGY tion, and surrounds the mouth. A distinct head is pres- ent, and the foot assumes the appearance of a system of appendages of the head. In the cuttle-fishes (Fig. 182), jaws inf cart Tnank ruLd-. mus, 7r1a.nl '- Fig. 183.—Nautilus pompilius, diagrammatic lateral view of a female specimen enclosed in its shell, cart, cartilage; ctt;t, ctenidia; hd, hood; inf, funnel; jaws, jaws; mant, mantle: mant', dorsal mantle-fold overlapping the coil of the shell; mus, position of lateral mass of muscle; nid, nidamental glands; sept, first septum; siph, siphuncl
. A manual of zoology. Zoology. Fio. 395.—Two stages of the germinal area of Sepia. (From Balfour, .ifter Kolliker.) an, anus; fcr, ctenidia ; /, siphon folds ; m, mouth ; mt, mantle with shell gland ; oe, eye ; 2?, head lol>es ; J-r^ arms.. Fig .3'.)e —Embryos of LoUiji) prMei (orig.). a, arms ; f, eyes; /, fln ; y, ctenidia ; h, ot- ocyst; »i, mantle ; .s, siphonal folds and siphon ; i anus ; y, yolk sac. tial discoidal segmentation (fig. 103). The blastoderm, on the end of the ovalet'C' forms the anlagen of the separate organs (eyes, arras, siphon, and. Please note that these images are Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-zoology-fio-395two-stages-of-the-germinal-area-of-sepia-from-balfour-ifter-kolliker-an-anus-fcr-ctenidia-siphon-folds-m-mouth-mt-mantle-with-shell-gland-oe-eye-2-head-lolgtes-j-r-arms-fig-3e-embryos-of-louiji-prmei-orig-a-arms-f-eyes-fln-y-ctenidia-h-ot-ocyst-i-mantle-s-siphonal-folds-and-siphon-i-anus-y-yolk-sac-tial-discoidal-segmentation-fig-103-the-blastoderm-on-the-end-of-the-ovaletc-forms-the-anlagen-of-the-separate-organs-eyes-arras-siphon-and-please-note-that-these-images-are-image232346873.htmlRMRE08PH–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. Fio. 395.—Two stages of the germinal area of Sepia. (From Balfour, .ifter Kolliker.) an, anus; fcr, ctenidia ; /, siphon folds ; m, mouth ; mt, mantle with shell gland ; oe, eye ; 2?, head lol>es ; J-r^ arms.. Fig .3'.)e —Embryos of LoUiji) prMei (orig.). a, arms ; f, eyes; /, fln ; y, ctenidia ; h, ot- ocyst; »i, mantle ; .s, siphonal folds and siphon ; i anus ; y, yolk sac. tial discoidal segmentation (fig. 103). The blastoderm, on the end of the ovalet'C' forms the anlagen of the separate organs (eyes, arras, siphon, and. Please note that these images are
. A manual of zoology. Zoology. Fro. 360.—Male of Argonaula argo (after Muller, from Hatschek). 1-4, arms of right side; 1.-4., arms of left side; 3, heclocotylised arm, at the left in its sac, at tlie right protruded.. Fig. 361.—Embryos of Loligo pealei (orig.). a, arms; e, eyes;/, fin; g, ctenidia; h, statocyst; m, mantle; s, siphonal folds and siphon; v, anus; y, yoLk sac. The Cephalopoda are e.xclusively marine. Some inhabit rocky shores, others the high seas. All are carnivorous and in turn are preyed upon by fishes, etc. Classification is based upon the number of gills and number and cha Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-zoology-fro-360male-of-argonaula-argo-after-muller-from-hatschek-1-4-arms-of-right-side-1-4-arms-of-left-side-3-heclocotylised-arm-at-the-left-in-its-sac-at-tlie-right-protruded-fig-361embryos-of-loligo-pealei-orig-a-arms-e-eyes-fin-g-ctenidia-h-statocyst-m-mantle-s-siphonal-folds-and-siphon-v-anus-y-yolk-sac-the-cephalopoda-are-exclusively-marine-some-inhabit-rocky-shores-others-the-high-seas-all-are-carnivorous-and-in-turn-are-preyed-upon-by-fishes-etc-classification-is-based-upon-the-number-of-gills-and-number-and-cha-image232132486.htmlRMRDJF9X–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. Fro. 360.—Male of Argonaula argo (after Muller, from Hatschek). 1-4, arms of right side; 1.-4., arms of left side; 3, heclocotylised arm, at the left in its sac, at tlie right protruded.. Fig. 361.—Embryos of Loligo pealei (orig.). a, arms; e, eyes;/, fin; g, ctenidia; h, statocyst; m, mantle; s, siphonal folds and siphon; v, anus; y, yoLk sac. The Cephalopoda are e.xclusively marine. Some inhabit rocky shores, others the high seas. All are carnivorous and in turn are preyed upon by fishes, etc. Classification is based upon the number of gills and number and cha
. Elementary text-book of zoology. 272 MOLLUSC A. On either side of the foot there hang the gill-lamella, or ctenidia. These are lamellae on each side, formed in each J, . case by a gill-plate folded on itself, the outer gill-plate outwards and the inner inwards. The gill-plates are themselves composed of a number of gill- Jilaments, which hang perpendicularly in a single row from a horizontal axis which is fused with the body-wall. Fig. 191—View of Anodonta with Left Mantle-Flap thrown Bacic. (Ad nat.) Left Mantle Flap.. Inhalent Aperture. Outer Gill. Renal Inner Gill. Foot. Labial Genital Ap Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elementary-text-book-of-zoology-272-mollusc-a-on-either-side-of-the-foot-there-hang-the-gill-lamella-or-ctenidia-these-are-lamellae-on-each-side-formed-in-each-j-case-by-a-gill-plate-folded-on-itself-the-outer-gill-plate-outwards-and-the-inner-inwards-the-gill-plates-are-themselves-composed-of-a-number-of-gill-jilaments-which-hang-perpendicularly-in-a-single-row-from-a-horizontal-axis-which-is-fused-with-the-body-wall-fig-191view-of-anodonta-with-left-mantle-flap-thrown-bacic-ad-nat-left-mantle-flap-inhalent-aperture-outer-gill-renal-inner-gill-foot-labial-genital-ap-image232098951.htmlRMRDH0G7–. Elementary text-book of zoology. 272 MOLLUSC A. On either side of the foot there hang the gill-lamella, or ctenidia. These are lamellae on each side, formed in each J, . case by a gill-plate folded on itself, the outer gill-plate outwards and the inner inwards. The gill-plates are themselves composed of a number of gill- Jilaments, which hang perpendicularly in a single row from a horizontal axis which is fused with the body-wall. Fig. 191—View of Anodonta with Left Mantle-Flap thrown Bacic. (Ad nat.) Left Mantle Flap.. Inhalent Aperture. Outer Gill. Renal Inner Gill. Foot. Labial Genital Ap
. A manual of zoology. Zoology. 390 MOLLUSC A.. Fig. 390.—Anatomy of Octopus vulgaris, a, amis; tio, aorta: ct vena cava with ne- phi'idial appendage ; rf, intestine ; go, optic ganglion ; /i, S3'stemic lieart; (. nrop ; K, head ; k, ctenidia ; kli, branchial heart; kn, cartilage; /, (', liver and gall duct, the liver indicated by dotted line; il/, mantle; o, ovary ; od, oviduct; p. pedal ganglion ; s buccal mass with salivary glands; st, stellate ganglion ; sy, stomach and sympathetic ganglion ; T, basis of tentacles ; t, ink sac ; c, visceral ganglion: vk, auricle of systemic heart; *, spir Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-zoology-390-mollusc-a-fig-390anatomy-of-octopus-vulgaris-a-amis-tio-aorta-ct-vena-cava-with-ne-phiidial-appendage-rf-intestine-go-optic-ganglion-i-s3stemic-lieart-nrop-k-head-k-ctenidia-kli-branchial-heart-kn-cartilage-liver-and-gall-duct-the-liver-indicated-by-dotted-line-il-mantle-o-ovary-od-oviduct-p-pedal-ganglion-s-buccal-mass-with-salivary-glands-st-stellate-ganglion-sy-stomach-and-sympathetic-ganglion-t-basis-of-tentacles-t-ink-sac-c-visceral-ganglion-vk-auricle-of-systemic-heart-spir-image232346904.htmlRMRE08RM–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. 390 MOLLUSC A.. Fig. 390.—Anatomy of Octopus vulgaris, a, amis; tio, aorta: ct vena cava with ne- phi'idial appendage ; rf, intestine ; go, optic ganglion ; /i, S3'stemic lieart; (. nrop ; K, head ; k, ctenidia ; kli, branchial heart; kn, cartilage; /, (', liver and gall duct, the liver indicated by dotted line; il/, mantle; o, ovary ; od, oviduct; p. pedal ganglion ; s buccal mass with salivary glands; st, stellate ganglion ; sy, stomach and sympathetic ganglion ; T, basis of tentacles ; t, ink sac ; c, visceral ganglion: vk, auricle of systemic heart; *, spir
. A manual of zoology. Zoology. Fig. 390.—Anatomy of Octopus vulgaris, a, amis; tio, aorta: ct vena cava with ne- phi'idial appendage ; rf, intestine ; go, optic ganglion ; /i, S3'stemic lieart; (. nrop ; K, head ; k, ctenidia ; kli, branchial heart; kn, cartilage; /, (', liver and gall duct, the liver indicated by dotted line; il/, mantle; o, ovary ; od, oviduct; p. pedal ganglion ; s buccal mass with salivary glands; st, stellate ganglion ; sy, stomach and sympathetic ganglion ; T, basis of tentacles ; t, ink sac ; c, visceral ganglion: vk, auricle of systemic heart; *, spiral blind sac. gl Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-zoology-fig-390anatomy-of-octopus-vulgaris-a-amis-tio-aorta-ct-vena-cava-with-ne-phiidial-appendage-rf-intestine-go-optic-ganglion-i-s3stemic-lieart-nrop-k-head-k-ctenidia-kli-branchial-heart-kn-cartilage-liver-and-gall-duct-the-liver-indicated-by-dotted-line-il-mantle-o-ovary-od-oviduct-p-pedal-ganglion-s-buccal-mass-with-salivary-glands-st-stellate-ganglion-sy-stomach-and-sympathetic-ganglion-t-basis-of-tentacles-t-ink-sac-c-visceral-ganglion-vk-auricle-of-systemic-heart-spiral-blind-sac-gl-image232346900.htmlRMRE08RG–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. Fig. 390.—Anatomy of Octopus vulgaris, a, amis; tio, aorta: ct vena cava with ne- phi'idial appendage ; rf, intestine ; go, optic ganglion ; /i, S3'stemic lieart; (. nrop ; K, head ; k, ctenidia ; kli, branchial heart; kn, cartilage; /, (', liver and gall duct, the liver indicated by dotted line; il/, mantle; o, ovary ; od, oviduct; p. pedal ganglion ; s buccal mass with salivary glands; st, stellate ganglion ; sy, stomach and sympathetic ganglion ; T, basis of tentacles ; t, ink sac ; c, visceral ganglion: vk, auricle of systemic heart; *, spiral blind sac. gl
. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum Zoology. 98 J.D. TAYLOR AND E.A. GLOVER. Fig. 3 Cardiolucina australopilula new species, a, Holotype, hinge in the right valve; b. Holotype, hinge in the left valve; c, Paratype, left valve, detail of cardinal teeth; d, outer shell surface showing radial striations on radial ribs. Scale bars a=2.0mm, b=2.5mm, c=1.0mm, d=500um. aperture. The exhalant aperture consists of a muscular tube with a flared distal end, which is inverted in preserved specimens, but can presumably be protracted. The ctenidia comprise inner demibranchs only. These have large, thic Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/bulletin-of-the-natural-history-museum-zoology-98-jd-taylor-and-ea-glover-fig-3-cardiolucina-australopilula-new-species-a-holotype-hinge-in-the-right-valve-b-holotype-hinge-in-the-left-valve-c-paratype-left-valve-detail-of-cardinal-teeth-d-outer-shell-surface-showing-radial-striations-on-radial-ribs-scale-bars-a=20mm-b=25mm-c=10mm-d=500um-aperture-the-exhalant-aperture-consists-of-a-muscular-tube-with-a-flared-distal-end-which-is-inverted-in-preserved-specimens-but-can-presumably-be-protracted-the-ctenidia-comprise-inner-demibranchs-only-these-have-large-thic-image233869489.htmlRMRGDJWN–. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum Zoology. 98 J.D. TAYLOR AND E.A. GLOVER. Fig. 3 Cardiolucina australopilula new species, a, Holotype, hinge in the right valve; b. Holotype, hinge in the left valve; c, Paratype, left valve, detail of cardinal teeth; d, outer shell surface showing radial striations on radial ribs. Scale bars a=2.0mm, b=2.5mm, c=1.0mm, d=500um. aperture. The exhalant aperture consists of a muscular tube with a flared distal end, which is inverted in preserved specimens, but can presumably be protracted. The ctenidia comprise inner demibranchs only. These have large, thic
. A manual of zoology. Zoology. 520 .MOLLl'SCA into the brancliial chaml>cv. lu front of the gills are two pairs of leaf-like lobes, Lhe Libia! palpi, beiweeii wliich is ihe moulh. Tlic Xuculiibc âthe most iirimiiie of hving Aeephala have true ctenidia consistiai; of an axis i;rovn to the bod)- and an inner and an outer row ol pll leaws itv,'. :;J01, Froiu this the jilihranrh lyi>e is i'a,-;il- deried. Tlie ixill leaes gaxrw out into long thread.-, eaeti bent on itself so liuil it presents two limbs, pa pr ,; ^â > ::' â ) v i i:^- 'â ''⢠''. oh ib b »i c Fig. 322.âAnatome of . Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-zoology-520-molllsca-into-the-brancliial-chamlgtcv-lu-front-of-the-gills-are-two-pairs-of-leaf-like-lobes-lhe-libia!-palpi-beiweeii-wliich-is-ihe-moulh-tlic-xuculiibc-the-most-iirimiiie-of-hving-aeephala-have-true-ctenidia-consistiai-of-an-axis-irovn-to-the-bod-and-an-inner-and-an-outer-row-ol-pll-leaws-itv-j01-froiu-this-the-jilihranrh-lyigte-is-ia-il-deried-tlie-ixill-leaes-gaxrw-out-into-long-thread-eaeti-bent-on-itself-so-liuil-it-presents-two-limbs-pa-pr-gt-v-i-i-oh-ib-b-i-c-fig-322anatome-of-image232132819.htmlRMRDJFNR–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. 520 .MOLLl'SCA into the brancliial chaml>cv. lu front of the gills are two pairs of leaf-like lobes, Lhe Libia! palpi, beiweeii wliich is ihe moulh. Tlic Xuculiibc âthe most iirimiiie of hving Aeephala have true ctenidia consistiai; of an axis i;rovn to the bod)- and an inner and an outer row ol pll leaws itv,'. :;J01, Froiu this the jilihranrh lyi>e is i'a,-;il- deried. Tlie ixill leaes gaxrw out into long thread.-, eaeti bent on itself so liuil it presents two limbs, pa pr ,; ^â > ::' â ) v i i:^- 'â ''⢠''. oh ib b »i c Fig. 322.âAnatome of .
. A manual of zoology. Zoology. FlG. 344—C/iifon SQurir))0.si(s, dorsal view. (After Haller.) .4, the entire animal; /?, after removal of shell and viseera. a, anus; C, brain; K, ctenidia; o, mouth; /', xjedal nerve cord; pi, pleurovisceral nerve cord. thetes and, in some, eyes, fig. 345). The symmetry of the Ijody is also expressed in the viscera. The aims is medial, and right and. Pm ;i4.-, Eye and a?sthetes „t Ai:m,lhnplrnf(t xpiniui-r. (After :Mo3eley.) «, macraE-s- thete; 'i, micra-sthete; f. calcareous cornea; ;;, lens; li, iris; t, pigmented cap- sule; H, jJ, nerves; ?', retina. left o Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-zoology-flg-344ciifon-squrir0sis-dorsal-view-after-haller-4-the-entire-animal-after-removal-of-shell-and-viseera-a-anus-c-brain-k-ctenidia-o-mouth-xjedal-nerve-cord-pi-pleurovisceral-nerve-cord-thetes-and-in-some-eyes-fig-345-the-symmetry-of-the-ijody-is-also-expressed-in-the-viscera-the-aims-is-medial-and-right-and-pm-i4-eye-and-asthetes-t-aimlhnplrnft-xpiniui-r-after-mo3eley-macrae-s-thete-i-micra-sthete-f-calcareous-cornea-lens-li-iris-t-pigmented-cap-sule-h-jj-nerves-retina-left-o-image232347120.htmlRMRE093C–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. FlG. 344—C/iifon SQurir))0.si(s, dorsal view. (After Haller.) .4, the entire animal; /?, after removal of shell and viseera. a, anus; C, brain; K, ctenidia; o, mouth; /', xjedal nerve cord; pi, pleurovisceral nerve cord. thetes and, in some, eyes, fig. 345). The symmetry of the Ijody is also expressed in the viscera. The aims is medial, and right and. Pm ;i4.-, Eye and a?sthetes „t Ai:m,lhnplrnf(t xpiniui-r. (After :Mo3eley.) «, macraE-s- thete; 'i, micra-sthete; f. calcareous cornea; ;;, lens; li, iris; t, pigmented cap- sule; H, jJ, nerves; ?', retina. left o
. Bulletin. Natural history; Natuurlijke historie. 78 PEABODY MUSEUM BULLETIN 41 SHELL & LIGAMENT s. R. G. periostraca spikes truncated posterior posterior sulcus myophore anterior reduction ligamental nymph ligament strength P P P A W S S A A A A M W W A A A P S S S FOOT & MUSCULATURE s. pedal retractors pedal elevators adductor inequality pedal protractors ventral adductor pallial sinus pedal disc (width) 1 P M 3 A M S 2 A S 4 A M W 2 A S 4 P S M SIPHONS & CTENIDIA s. R. G. coarse tentacles separated siphons annular membrane (inhalant) velar flap siphon length ctenidial plication Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/bulletin-natural-history-natuurlijke-historie-78-peabody-museum-bulletin-41-shell-amp-ligament-s-r-g-periostraca-spikes-truncated-posterior-posterior-sulcus-myophore-anterior-reduction-ligamental-nymph-ligament-strength-p-p-p-a-w-s-s-a-a-a-a-m-w-w-a-a-a-p-s-s-s-foot-amp-musculature-s-pedal-retractors-pedal-elevators-adductor-inequality-pedal-protractors-ventral-adductor-pallial-sinus-pedal-disc-width-1-p-m-3-a-m-s-2-a-s-4-a-m-w-2-a-s-4-p-s-m-siphons-amp-ctenidia-s-r-g-coarse-tentacles-separated-siphons-annular-membrane-inhalant-velar-flap-siphon-length-ctenidial-plication-image234209091.htmlRMRH142B–. Bulletin. Natural history; Natuurlijke historie. 78 PEABODY MUSEUM BULLETIN 41 SHELL & LIGAMENT s. R. G. periostraca spikes truncated posterior posterior sulcus myophore anterior reduction ligamental nymph ligament strength P P P A W S S A A A A M W W A A A P S S S FOOT & MUSCULATURE s. pedal retractors pedal elevators adductor inequality pedal protractors ventral adductor pallial sinus pedal disc (width) 1 P M 3 A M S 2 A S 4 A M W 2 A S 4 P S M SIPHONS & CTENIDIA s. R. G. coarse tentacles separated siphons annular membrane (inhalant) velar flap siphon length ctenidial plication
. Discovery reports. Discovery (Ship); Scientific expeditions; Ocean; Antarctica; Falkland Islands. SIGALIONIDAE I OS Remarks. I know no other Sigalion in which there are no compound bristles with single-jointed blades. Genus Leanira, Kinberg Body long and slender with numerous segments. There is a median tentacle which usually has a ceratophore and a pair of ctenidia. The lateral tentacles are fused with the first foot, which carries dorsal and ventral tentacular cirri, a bundle of simple bristles, a cephalic scoop and a prebuccal lamella. There is a pair of long palps. Cirriform gills are pr Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/discovery-reports-discovery-ship-scientific-expeditions-ocean-antarctica-falkland-islands-sigalionidae-i-os-remarks-i-know-no-other-sigalion-in-which-there-are-no-compound-bristles-with-single-jointed-blades-genus-leanira-kinberg-body-long-and-slender-with-numerous-segments-there-is-a-median-tentacle-which-usually-has-a-ceratophore-and-a-pair-of-ctenidia-the-lateral-tentacles-are-fused-with-the-first-foot-which-carries-dorsal-and-ventral-tentacular-cirri-a-bundle-of-simple-bristles-a-cephalic-scoop-and-a-prebuccal-lamella-there-is-a-pair-of-long-palps-cirriform-gills-are-pr-image231422512.htmlRMRCE5NM–. Discovery reports. Discovery (Ship); Scientific expeditions; Ocean; Antarctica; Falkland Islands. SIGALIONIDAE I OS Remarks. I know no other Sigalion in which there are no compound bristles with single-jointed blades. Genus Leanira, Kinberg Body long and slender with numerous segments. There is a median tentacle which usually has a ceratophore and a pair of ctenidia. The lateral tentacles are fused with the first foot, which carries dorsal and ventral tentacular cirri, a bundle of simple bristles, a cephalic scoop and a prebuccal lamella. There is a pair of long palps. Cirriform gills are pr
. Discovery reports. Discovery (Ship); Scientific expeditions; Ocean; Antarctica; Falkland Islands. 104 DISCOVERY REPORTS The dorsal ramus (Monro, loc. cit., fig. lo) carries three ctenidia and a long cirriform stylode at its apex. The dorsal bristles are long, slender, capillary and denticulated and have very delicate bidentate tips. The neuropodium has a small papilla probably a bract, on its upper face. Above the neuropodial aciculum there are four kinds of bristles: (i) about half a dozen simple barbed bristles tapering to a point; (2) slender multi-articulate compound bristles (Fig. 12 c) Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/discovery-reports-discovery-ship-scientific-expeditions-ocean-antarctica-falkland-islands-104-discovery-reports-the-dorsal-ramus-monro-loc-cit-fig-lo-carries-three-ctenidia-and-a-long-cirriform-stylode-at-its-apex-the-dorsal-bristles-are-long-slender-capillary-and-denticulated-and-have-very-delicate-bidentate-tips-the-neuropodium-has-a-small-papilla-probably-a-bract-on-its-upper-face-above-the-neuropodial-aciculum-there-are-four-kinds-of-bristles-i-about-half-a-dozen-simple-barbed-bristles-tapering-to-a-point-2-slender-multi-articulate-compound-bristles-fig-12-c-image231422519.htmlRMRCE5NY–. Discovery reports. Discovery (Ship); Scientific expeditions; Ocean; Antarctica; Falkland Islands. 104 DISCOVERY REPORTS The dorsal ramus (Monro, loc. cit., fig. lo) carries three ctenidia and a long cirriform stylode at its apex. The dorsal bristles are long, slender, capillary and denticulated and have very delicate bidentate tips. The neuropodium has a small papilla probably a bract, on its upper face. Above the neuropodial aciculum there are four kinds of bristles: (i) about half a dozen simple barbed bristles tapering to a point; (2) slender multi-articulate compound bristles (Fig. 12 c)
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