Colony of hydroids hi-res stock photography and images

Jellyfish Blue button in the water, porpita porpita, surface, marine organism consisting of a colony of hydroids, Anthoathecata Stock Photo

RF2E6DM1A–Jellyfish Blue button in the water, porpita porpita, surface, marine organism consisting of a colony of hydroids, Anthoathecata

Colony of Hydroids, Zygophylax sp., Raja Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia Stock Photo

RMDXY12C–Colony of Hydroids, Zygophylax sp., Raja Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia

RF2E6DKAX–Jellyfish Blue button in the water, porpita porpita, surface, marine organism consisting of a colony of hydroids, Anthoathecata

RF2R0DM3N–Blue Button Jellyfish

Porpita porpita, commonly known as blue button is a colony of hydroids. Not a jellyfish. (macro) Stock Photo

RF2H5N50D–Porpita porpita, commonly known as blue button is a colony of hydroids. Not a jellyfish. (macro)

Colony of sea squirts and hydroids, underwater in the Flores Sea. Komodo National Park. Underwater photography. Stock Photo

RMBJ3JTH–Colony of sea squirts and hydroids, underwater in the Flores Sea. Komodo National Park. Underwater photography.

A large Palmate sea fan (Leptogoria palma) with a colony of Tubular hydroids (Tubularia warreni) growing on it underwater Stock Photo

RF2WB9NJP–A large Palmate sea fan (Leptogoria palma) with a colony of Tubular hydroids (Tubularia warreni) growing on it underwater

Blue ascidian, or tunicate, Rhopalaea and a cluster of small green and white ascidians, Atriolum robustum. Stock Photo

RMBXXG32–Blue ascidian, or tunicate, Rhopalaea and a cluster of small green and white ascidians, Atriolum robustum.

Blue button jellyfish (Porpita porpita) washed up on shore, Koh Samui, Thailand Stock Photo

RMRXKNR2–Blue button jellyfish (Porpita porpita) washed up on shore, Koh Samui, Thailand

sea fan hydroids, Solanderia secunda (Inaba, 1892) Depth18m. Closeup Stock Photo

RFK1RDDF–sea fan hydroids, Solanderia secunda (Inaba, 1892) Depth18m. Closeup

RF2ADNNYM–Hydroids colony

Nudibranch on hydroids, Oresund, Denmark. Stock Photo

RFR0K84B–Nudibranch on hydroids, Oresund, Denmark.

Large colony of branching fire coral (Millipora sp.). Spratly Islands, South China Sea. Stock Photo

RFWAGXNB–Large colony of branching fire coral (Millipora sp.). Spratly Islands, South China Sea.

Encrusting Sponge and Colonial Anemones (Nemanthus annamensis). Egypt - Red Sea Stock Photo

RMC7Y0AD–Encrusting Sponge and Colonial Anemones (Nemanthus annamensis). Egypt - Red Sea

Knotted Thread Hydroid, Obelia geniculata, growing on help, Rockport, Massachusetts, USA, Atlantic Ocean Stock Photo

RF2CFCHRG–Knotted Thread Hydroid, Obelia geniculata, growing on help, Rockport, Massachusetts, USA, Atlantic Ocean

Top view of mysterious and beautiful creature, bioluminescent Blue Button or Porpita porpita washed ashore at Velneshwar beach situated on the coast o Stock Photo

RF2DNWMT2–Top view of mysterious and beautiful creature, bioluminescent Blue Button or Porpita porpita washed ashore at Velneshwar beach situated on the coast o

Colony of marine invertebrates, including ascidians, soft corals, hydroids and featherstars, on black coral sea whip. Manado, Indonesia Stock Photo

RM2AB6YTD–Colony of marine invertebrates, including ascidians, soft corals, hydroids and featherstars, on black coral sea whip. Manado, Indonesia

Scotland, Isle of May, UW photo, Hydroids colony (FILM SCAN) Stock Photo

RMEK4XT9–Scotland, Isle of May, UW photo, Hydroids colony (FILM SCAN)

. St. Nicholas [serial]. ich float solazily yet gracefully through thewater, or lie spread out upon thebeach, having been thrown thereby the waves. Few animals aremore beautiful than some of thesedelicate, transparent jellyfisheswhen thev are in the water, or / PART OF A COL- Hj ONY OF HYDROIDS(PORPITA LINNJE.NA) THAT SOME-WHAT SUGGESTSBUDS AND TWIGS. This close re-semblance oftenmakes these ani-mals regarded as A VERY SMALL part of a colony of hydroids »,l,„fc K,, tW„ (PENNARIA T1ARELLA). plants by those?who have notstudied them. (PENNARIA TIARELLA). The future jellyfishes arise as buds from Stock Photo

RM2AG2EN6–. St. Nicholas [serial]. ich float solazily yet gracefully through thewater, or lie spread out upon thebeach, having been thrown thereby the waves. Few animals aremore beautiful than some of thesedelicate, transparent jellyfisheswhen thev are in the water, or / PART OF A COL- Hj ONY OF HYDROIDS(PORPITA LINNJE.NA) THAT SOME-WHAT SUGGESTSBUDS AND TWIGS. This close re-semblance oftenmakes these ani-mals regarded as A VERY SMALL part of a colony of hydroids »,l,„fc K,, tW„ (PENNARIA T1ARELLA). plants by those?who have notstudied them. (PENNARIA TIARELLA). The future jellyfishes arise as buds from

Colony of Anemones Aiptasia pulchella feeding dead Mastigias Jellyfish Mastigias sp Palau s Jellyfish Salt Lake Palau Islands Stock Photo

RMBBTTFK–Colony of Anemones Aiptasia pulchella feeding dead Mastigias Jellyfish Mastigias sp Palau s Jellyfish Salt Lake Palau Islands

. Animal activities; a first book in zoo?logy. Zoology; Animal behavior. sea-weeds, on logs and sticks, and are sometimes at- tached to the shells of mussels. Find them at low tide and transfer them to a marine aquarium, made by filling ajar with salt water and introducing some marine plants collected on the rocks where the campanularians are found. Some closely related colonies are called sertularians. Hydractinia is the name given to a colony consisting of pink, salt-water hydroids found growing on the snail-shells occu- pied by hermit-crabs. Sea-anemones. These animals are hardy and may be Stock Photo

RMPG0AHD–. Animal activities; a first book in zoo?logy. Zoology; Animal behavior. sea-weeds, on logs and sticks, and are sometimes at- tached to the shells of mussels. Find them at low tide and transfer them to a marine aquarium, made by filling ajar with salt water and introducing some marine plants collected on the rocks where the campanularians are found. Some closely related colonies are called sertularians. Hydractinia is the name given to a colony consisting of pink, salt-water hydroids found growing on the snail-shells occu- pied by hermit-crabs. Sea-anemones. These animals are hardy and may be

RF2E6DJB8–Jellyfish Blue button in the water, porpita porpita, surface, marine organism consisting of a colony of hydroids, Anthoathecata

. Dwellers of the sea and shore . COLONY OF BARNACLES LIVING ON A ROCK. crab, with a load of silt and debris tangled w^ith the bristles on its back. Beauty is also present. Attached to the submerged plants are silky sprays of the wonder- ful hydroids, but a good glass is required to reveal the delicate and exquisite structure of their plantlike bodies. Indeed, there is no end to the charming revelations one can make with a glass, and this holds equally true for the waters of every character of shore. Rocky shores with their clefts and crannies and Stock Photo

RMMAAYG9–. Dwellers of the sea and shore . COLONY OF BARNACLES LIVING ON A ROCK. crab, with a load of silt and debris tangled w^ith the bristles on its back. Beauty is also present. Attached to the submerged plants are silky sprays of the wonder- ful hydroids, but a good glass is required to reveal the delicate and exquisite structure of their plantlike bodies. Indeed, there is no end to the charming revelations one can make with a glass, and this holds equally true for the waters of every character of shore. Rocky shores with their clefts and crannies and

RF2H5N8P7–Porpita porpita, commonly known as blue button is a colony of hydroids. Not a jellyfish. (macro)

Discovery reports (1956) Discovery reports discoveryreports27inst Year: 1956 SYSTEMATIC AND BIOLOGICAL ACCOUNT 71 hydroids, but I am not aware of any work that may have been done on gradient phenomena in other coelenterate bud-colonies. That such phenomena occur, for instance, in Aglaophenid hydroids becomes evident when the denticulation of the theca-margin from the stem-region to the tip of a hydrocladium is examined; and there are axial gradients, too, from top to base of the colony. Lately I have come across similar growth-gradient phenomena whilst making a tedious study of the bracts of Stock Photo

RMT1HA7P–Discovery reports (1956) Discovery reports discoveryreports27inst Year: 1956 SYSTEMATIC AND BIOLOGICAL ACCOUNT 71 hydroids, but I am not aware of any work that may have been done on gradient phenomena in other coelenterate bud-colonies. That such phenomena occur, for instance, in Aglaophenid hydroids becomes evident when the denticulation of the theca-margin from the stem-region to the tip of a hydrocladium is examined; and there are axial gradients, too, from top to base of the colony. Lately I have come across similar growth-gradient phenomena whilst making a tedious study of the bracts of

A female scuba diver looking at a large Palmate sea fan (Leptogoria palma) with a colony of Tubular hydroids (Tubularia warreni) growing on it underwa Stock Photo

RF2WB9P1W–A female scuba diver looking at a large Palmate sea fan (Leptogoria palma) with a colony of Tubular hydroids (Tubularia warreni) growing on it underwa

Blue button jellyfishes (Porpita porpita) washed up on shore, Koh Samui, Thailand Stock Photo

RMRXKNT5–Blue button jellyfishes (Porpita porpita) washed up on shore, Koh Samui, Thailand

RFR0K849–Nudibranch on hydroids, Oresund, Denmark.

. The American Museum of Natural History : pictorial guide. American Museum of Natural History; Natural history museums. GLASS MODEL OF GLOBIGERINA BULLOIDES here by enlarged hand-blown glass mod- els, created over a period of 40 years by Herman O. Mueller and now mounted in clear plastic panels as if suspended in water. Nearby, under four enlarged fireflies flashing against a night sky, the visitor can observe the greenish light of trans- lucent jellyfishes, the bluish-white light from a colony of hydroids, the glow of Antarctic krill, and the "headlights" on a South American click Stock Photo

RMRPR6JY–. The American Museum of Natural History : pictorial guide. American Museum of Natural History; Natural history museums. GLASS MODEL OF GLOBIGERINA BULLOIDES here by enlarged hand-blown glass mod- els, created over a period of 40 years by Herman O. Mueller and now mounted in clear plastic panels as if suspended in water. Nearby, under four enlarged fireflies flashing against a night sky, the visitor can observe the greenish light of trans- lucent jellyfishes, the bluish-white light from a colony of hydroids, the glow of Antarctic krill, and the "headlights" on a South American click

. Animal activities; a first book in zoo?logy. Zoology; Animal behavior. MATERJ/tL FOR STUDY. 15. sea-weeds, on logs and sticks, and are sometimes at- tached to the shells of mussels. Find them at low tide and transfer them to a marine aquarium, made by filling ajar with salt water and introducing some marine plants collected on the rocks where the campanularians are found. Some closely related colonies are called sertularians. Hydractinia is the name given to a colony consisting of pink, salt-water hydroids found growing on the snail-shells occu- pied by hermit-crabs. Sea-anemones. These anim Stock Photo

RMPG0AHF–. Animal activities; a first book in zoo?logy. Zoology; Animal behavior. MATERJ/tL FOR STUDY. 15. sea-weeds, on logs and sticks, and are sometimes at- tached to the shells of mussels. Find them at low tide and transfer them to a marine aquarium, made by filling ajar with salt water and introducing some marine plants collected on the rocks where the campanularians are found. Some closely related colonies are called sertularians. Hydractinia is the name given to a colony consisting of pink, salt-water hydroids found growing on the snail-shells occu- pied by hermit-crabs. Sea-anemones. These anim

RF2E6DJWH–Jellyfish Blue button in the water, porpita porpita, surface, marine organism consisting of a colony of hydroids, Anthoathecata

. Dwellers of the sea and shore . clava; a colony of tubularian hydroids. (enlarged.) spend hours in plucking off the clusters—plucking off many more, in fact, than he can possibly consume. Now in regard to the hermit crab and its appetite, an odd sight sometimes presents itself. Often one of these creatures will be seen searching assiduously for food while the shell which it bears is literally covered with living hydroids. Yet, though its craving may be ever so keen, it will not touch them. These hydroids, too, are tubularians, and are generally of the genus Stock Photo

RMMAAYE9–. Dwellers of the sea and shore . clava; a colony of tubularian hydroids. (enlarged.) spend hours in plucking off the clusters—plucking off many more, in fact, than he can possibly consume. Now in regard to the hermit crab and its appetite, an odd sight sometimes presents itself. Often one of these creatures will be seen searching assiduously for food while the shell which it bears is literally covered with living hydroids. Yet, though its craving may be ever so keen, it will not touch them. These hydroids, too, are tubularians, and are generally of the genus

RF2H5N5NF–Porpita porpita, commonly known as blue button is a colony of hydroids. Not a jellyfish. (macro)

Dwellers of the sea and shore dwellersofseasho00crow Year: 1935 ILLUSTRATIONS Ccelenterates Frontispiece FACK A promising spot for the naturalist 5 Colony of barnacles living on a rock G Caprella; a small shore crustacean 9 Strongylocentrotus; a sea urchin lO Ophiocoma; a brittle star lO A whelk shell covered with seaweeds, hydroids and tube- building worms (found in a tide pool) II Pentaca; a sea cucumber I2 Sea squirt; attached to a fragment of a clam shell (photo- graph taken in the water) 13 Seaweed debris left at the tide marks 22 Orchestia, the sand flea . 23 The white anemone 28 Hol Stock Photo

RMRYEGG0–Dwellers of the sea and shore dwellersofseasho00crow Year: 1935 ILLUSTRATIONS Ccelenterates Frontispiece FACK A promising spot for the naturalist 5 Colony of barnacles living on a rock G Caprella; a small shore crustacean 9 Strongylocentrotus; a sea urchin lO Ophiocoma; a brittle star lO A whelk shell covered with seaweeds, hydroids and tube- building worms (found in a tide pool) II Pentaca; a sea cucumber I2 Sea squirt; attached to a fragment of a clam shell (photo- graph taken in the water) 13 Seaweed debris left at the tide marks 22 Orchestia, the sand flea . 23 The white anemone 28 Hol

RMRXKNR6–Blue button jellyfish (Porpita porpita) washed up on shore, Koh Samui, Thailand

RFR0K84E–Nudibranch on hydroids, Oresund, Denmark.

Chambers's encyclopaedia; a dictionary of universal knowledge . f Sertoriuschanged to cruelty and, tyranny. But when atthe height of his powerhe was regarded with al-most superstitious vener-ation by the Lnsitanians,and the feeling was en-hanced by the fact thatthe great comniander wasconstantly followed aboutliy a tame fawn. , Sertiiliiria. a com-mon genus of Hydroids,in wliicli the branchedhorny investment of theplant-like colony forms asessile cup around eachpolyp. The polyps arearranged in a double row,and the colony is attachedtostones, shells, .seaweeds,and the like. Among thehydrotheca Stock Photo

RM2AJ4F56–Chambers's encyclopaedia; a dictionary of universal knowledge . f Sertoriuschanged to cruelty and, tyranny. But when atthe height of his powerhe was regarded with al-most superstitious vener-ation by the Lnsitanians,and the feeling was en-hanced by the fact thatthe great comniander wasconstantly followed aboutliy a tame fawn. , Sertiiliiria. a com-mon genus of Hydroids,in wliicli the branchedhorny investment of theplant-like colony forms asessile cup around eachpolyp. The polyps arearranged in a double row,and the colony is attachedtostones, shells, .seaweeds,and the like. Among thehydrotheca

. The Danish Ingolf-expedition. Marine animals; Marine animals; Hydrography; Hydrography; Scientific expeditions. Fig. XIII. Halecium Beanii. a. Internode with hydrothecae. b. Gonotheca Q. From the Faroe Islands, Boronaes 13 miles in N.75W. (X 60. Halecium scutum Clark. 1876 Halecium scutum, Clark, Report on the Hydroids Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, p. 210, pi. 10, figs. 13—14. Robust colonies with polysiphonic main stem. The outermost small branches exhibit an almost regular pinnate ramification in the same principal plane as that in which the branching of the colony falls; more rarely, t Stock Photo

RMPFHW6A–. The Danish Ingolf-expedition. Marine animals; Marine animals; Hydrography; Hydrography; Scientific expeditions. Fig. XIII. Halecium Beanii. a. Internode with hydrothecae. b. Gonotheca Q. From the Faroe Islands, Boronaes 13 miles in N.75W. (X 60. Halecium scutum Clark. 1876 Halecium scutum, Clark, Report on the Hydroids Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, p. 210, pi. 10, figs. 13—14. Robust colonies with polysiphonic main stem. The outermost small branches exhibit an almost regular pinnate ramification in the same principal plane as that in which the branching of the colony falls; more rarely, t

RF2E6DHG4–Jellyfish Blue button in the water, porpita porpita, surface, marine organism consisting of a colony of hydroids, Anthoathecata

. Dwellers of the sea and shore . ILLUSTRATIONS Ccelenterates Frontispiece FACK A promising spot for the naturalist 5 Colony of barnacles living on a rock G Caprella; a small shore crustacean 9 Strongylocentrotus; a sea urchin lO Ophiocoma; a brittle star lO A whelk shell covered with seaweeds, hydroids and tube- building worms (found in a tide pool) II Pentaca; a sea cucumber I2 Sea squirt; attached to a fragment of a clam shell (photo- graph taken in the water) 13 Seaweed debris left at the tide marks 22 Orchestia, the sand flea . 23 The white anemone 28 Hole drilled in the shell of a mussel Stock Photo

RMMAAYG7–. Dwellers of the sea and shore . ILLUSTRATIONS Ccelenterates Frontispiece FACK A promising spot for the naturalist 5 Colony of barnacles living on a rock G Caprella; a small shore crustacean 9 Strongylocentrotus; a sea urchin lO Ophiocoma; a brittle star lO A whelk shell covered with seaweeds, hydroids and tube- building worms (found in a tide pool) II Pentaca; a sea cucumber I2 Sea squirt; attached to a fragment of a clam shell (photo- graph taken in the water) 13 Seaweed debris left at the tide marks 22 Orchestia, the sand flea . 23 The white anemone 28 Hole drilled in the shell of a mussel

RMRXKNR0–Blue button jellyfish (Porpita porpita) washed up on shore, Koh Samui, Thailand

RFR0K850–Nudibranch on hydroids, Oresund, Denmark.

The porifera and coelentera . >ecomes continuous with the ectoderm of the zooids, and appear.sto form a circular operculum over them when retracted completely.Elsewhere than in this sheet, ectoderm, mesogloea, and endodermbear to one another the relations usual in Hydrozoa. The hydroids (Fig. 13) are of two kinds. The gastrozooids, the THE HYDROMEDUSAE nutritive zooids of the colony, may possess capitate tentacles(Millepora), generally four, six, or twelve in number, or maybe entirely devoid of tentacles (Astylus). The endoderm cellsnear their mouths are swollen and secretory. The dacfylozo Stock Photo

RM2AXGM8F–The porifera and coelentera . >ecomes continuous with the ectoderm of the zooids, and appear.sto form a circular operculum over them when retracted completely.Elsewhere than in this sheet, ectoderm, mesogloea, and endodermbear to one another the relations usual in Hydrozoa. The hydroids (Fig. 13) are of two kinds. The gastrozooids, the THE HYDROMEDUSAE nutritive zooids of the colony, may possess capitate tentacles(Millepora), generally four, six, or twelve in number, or maybe entirely devoid of tentacles (Astylus). The endoderm cellsnear their mouths are swollen and secretory. The dacfylozo

. The Danish Ingolf-expedition. Marine animals -- Arctic regions; Scientific expeditions; Arctic regions. Fig. XIII. Halecium Beanii. Inteniode with hydrothecse. b. Gonotheca ?. From the Faroe Islands, Boronais 13 miles in N.ysW. X 6o- Halecium scutum Clark. 1876 Halecium scultiut, Clark, Report on the Hydroids Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, p. 2io, pi. 10, fig.s. 13—14. Robust colonies with polysiphonic main stem. The outermost small branches exhibit an almost regular pinnate ramification in the same principal plane as that in which the branching of the colony falls; more rarely, the coloni Stock Photo

RMPFJMCT–. The Danish Ingolf-expedition. Marine animals -- Arctic regions; Scientific expeditions; Arctic regions. Fig. XIII. Halecium Beanii. Inteniode with hydrothecse. b. Gonotheca ?. From the Faroe Islands, Boronais 13 miles in N.ysW. X 6o- Halecium scutum Clark. 1876 Halecium scultiut, Clark, Report on the Hydroids Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, p. 2io, pi. 10, fig.s. 13—14. Robust colonies with polysiphonic main stem. The outermost small branches exhibit an almost regular pinnate ramification in the same principal plane as that in which the branching of the colony falls; more rarely, the coloni

RF2E6DGW8–Jellyfish Blue button in the water, porpita porpita, surface, marine organism consisting of a colony of hydroids, Anthoathecata

RMRXKNR1–Blue button jellyfish (Porpita porpita) washed up on shore, Koh Samui, Thailand

RFR0K851–Nudibranch on hydroids, Oresund, Denmark.

Colorful tunicates, sponges, hydroids, and other invertebrates grow on a reef. Stock Photo

RFR0K6FB–Colorful tunicates, sponges, hydroids, and other invertebrates grow on a reef.

The animal life of our seashore With special reference to the New Jersey coast and the southern shore of Long Island . attached hy-droids measuring less than an inch in length. Among the rarer species of jelly-fish occurringon the New Jersey coast is the Portuguese-Man-of-War (Physalia), which is wafted thither fromthe southern waters on the current of the GulfStream. In this species of remarkable form andexquisite coloring we have a compound colony offree-swimming hydroids and attached medusae, allunited, as it were, under a single roof—the largeswimming bell or float. Equally rare are theclo Stock Photo

RM2AJ0WN2–The animal life of our seashore With special reference to the New Jersey coast and the southern shore of Long Island . attached hy-droids measuring less than an inch in length. Among the rarer species of jelly-fish occurringon the New Jersey coast is the Portuguese-Man-of-War (Physalia), which is wafted thither fromthe southern waters on the current of the GulfStream. In this species of remarkable form andexquisite coloring we have a compound colony offree-swimming hydroids and attached medusae, allunited, as it were, under a single roof—the largeswimming bell or float. Equally rare are theclo

. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition. Scientific expeditions; Arctic Ocean. a b Fig. XIII. Halecium Beanii. a. Internode with hydrothecae. i. Gonotheca 5. From the Faroe Islands. Boronaes 13 miles in N.75W. X 60. Halecium scutum Clark. 1876 Halecium scutum, Clark, Report on the Hydroids Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, p. 210, pi. 10, figs. 13—14. Robust colonies with polysiphouic main stem. The outermost small branches exhibit an almost regular pinnate ramification in the same principal plane as that in which the branching of the colony falls; more rarely, the colonies may be quite irregularly bush Stock Photo

RMPFHWWY–. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition. Scientific expeditions; Arctic Ocean. a b Fig. XIII. Halecium Beanii. a. Internode with hydrothecae. i. Gonotheca 5. From the Faroe Islands. Boronaes 13 miles in N.75W. X 60. Halecium scutum Clark. 1876 Halecium scutum, Clark, Report on the Hydroids Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, p. 210, pi. 10, figs. 13—14. Robust colonies with polysiphouic main stem. The outermost small branches exhibit an almost regular pinnate ramification in the same principal plane as that in which the branching of the colony falls; more rarely, the colonies may be quite irregularly bush

RMRXKNT3–Blue button jellyfish (Porpita porpita) washed up on shore, Koh Samui, Thailand

RFR0K6F7–Colorful tunicates, sponges, hydroids, and other invertebrates grow on a reef.

RFR0K6NG–Colorful tunicates, sponges, hydroids, and other invertebrates grow on a reef.

RFRT51JF–Colorful tunicates, sponges, hydroids, and other invertebrates grow on a reef.

. St. Nicholas [serial]. A HYDEOID COLONY OF BEAUTIFUL MINIATURETREE-LIKE APPEARANCE. Jellyfishes are not really complete, but onlyparts of animals. The animals from which theycome are known as hydroids. They are verysmall, sometimes no larger around than acommon cambric-needle, seldom larger than aknitting-needle, and rarely more than a half-inch or an inch in length. They grow in clus- HYDROIDS THAT SUGGEST A CLUMP OF MOSS. (Also showing root-like attachments to the soil.)They grow in clusters, usually attached to stones or shells orlogs, and are mistaken by most persons for bits of moss or Stock Photo

RM2AG2E56–. St. Nicholas [serial]. A HYDEOID COLONY OF BEAUTIFUL MINIATURETREE-LIKE APPEARANCE. Jellyfishes are not really complete, but onlyparts of animals. The animals from which theycome are known as hydroids. They are verysmall, sometimes no larger around than acommon cambric-needle, seldom larger than aknitting-needle, and rarely more than a half-inch or an inch in length. They grow in clus- HYDROIDS THAT SUGGEST A CLUMP OF MOSS. (Also showing root-like attachments to the soil.)They grow in clusters, usually attached to stones or shells orlogs, and are mistaken by most persons for bits of moss or

RMRXKNR3–Blue button jellyfishes (Porpita porpita) washed up on shore, Koh Samui, Thailand

RFRT51KE–Colorful tunicates, sponges, hydroids, and other invertebrates grow on a reef.

A reference handbook of the medical sciences, embracing the entire range of scientific and practical medicine and allied science . Fig. 1167.—Two Specimen.^ of Hydra, Magnified. One con-tracted, the other in a state of moderate expansion and bearingtwo buds in different stages, m. mouth: or.c. oral cone. (AfterBorradaile, 1912.) sponges, corals, hydroids, siphonophores, bryozoa, andascidians. A colony may float free in the ocean, asis the case with siphonophores. Fig. 1169, and pelagicascidians; but usually the colonies are attached tosome solid body, and they may be very large and of. RPB dtl Stock Photo

RM2AJJYD9–A reference handbook of the medical sciences, embracing the entire range of scientific and practical medicine and allied science . Fig. 1167.—Two Specimen.^ of Hydra, Magnified. One con-tracted, the other in a state of moderate expansion and bearingtwo buds in different stages, m. mouth: or.c. oral cone. (AfterBorradaile, 1912.) sponges, corals, hydroids, siphonophores, bryozoa, andascidians. A colony may float free in the ocean, asis the case with siphonophores. Fig. 1169, and pelagicascidians; but usually the colonies are attached tosome solid body, and they may be very large and of. RPB dtl

Sea cucumbers, tunicates, hydroids, and other invertebrates cling to a reef. Stock Photo

RF2A14745–Sea cucumbers, tunicates, hydroids, and other invertebrates cling to a reef.

Head of Hydroid, Lillebaelt, Denmark. Stock Photo

RFR0K87B–Head of Hydroid, Lillebaelt, Denmark.

RMRXKNPY–Blue button jellyfish (Porpita porpita) washed up on shore, Koh Samui, Thailand

RM2AKB0R2–Report of the Commissioner - United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries . Fig. 274. No. bU No. 007 EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXVII. Figure 275.—Zygodactyla Gro?nlandica, (p. 729 ;) profile view, one-half natural size.276.—Bougainvillia superciliaris, (p. 733;) a branch, much enlarged.277.—Pennaria tiarella, (p. 735;) a branch, natural size.278.—The same; one of the hydroids, with meduspe, buds developing at the base of the proboscis.279.—Sertularia pumila, (p. 732; part of a colony on a frond of sea-weed, natural size.280.—Sertularia argentea, (p. 732;) a branch bearing reproductive capsules,

RFR0K87E–Head of Hydroid, Lillebaelt, Denmark.

RMRXKNPW–Blue button jellyfish (Porpita porpita) washed up on shore, Koh Samui, Thailand

RM2AKB13C–Report of the Commissioner - United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries . No. 608 Fig. 272.. Fig. 274. No. bU No. 007 EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXVII. Figure 275.—Zygodactyla Gro?nlandica, (p. 729 ;) profile view, one-half natural size.276.—Bougainvillia superciliaris, (p. 733;) a branch, much enlarged.277.—Pennaria tiarella, (p. 735;) a branch, natural size.278.—The same; one of the hydroids, with meduspe, buds developing at the base of the proboscis.279.—Sertularia pumila, (p. 732; part of a colony on a frond of sea-weed, natural size.280.—Sertularia argentea, (p. 732;) a branch bearing repr

. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). 388 HYDROIDS OF THE FAMILY CYTAEIDAE L. AGASSIZ 1862. Fig. 4. Cytaeis niida sp.n. ; a vertical section of the hydroid colony embedded in the sponge.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History). London : BM(NH) Stock Photo

RMRGJH19–. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). 388 HYDROIDS OF THE FAMILY CYTAEIDAE L. AGASSIZ 1862. Fig. 4. Cytaeis niida sp.n. ; a vertical section of the hydroid colony embedded in the sponge.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History). London : BM(NH)

. Zoölogy [microform] : descriptive and practical. Zoology; Zoologie. 322 Descriptive Zoology. 'I i individual they produce sperms. The gonads set free their contents in the water, and the eggs are fertilized by the sperms. After fertilization, the egg develops first into a simple hydralike polyp, and later, by budding, into a branched hydroid like the form that produced the medusa. Alternation of Generations. — Thus we see that these hydroids have two forms, and neither one is complete. The hydroid form can spread as a colony, but it can form no new colony. But by means of the medusae, which Stock Photo

RMRENT86–. Zoölogy [microform] : descriptive and practical. Zoology; Zoologie. 322 Descriptive Zoology. 'I i individual they produce sperms. The gonads set free their contents in the water, and the eggs are fertilized by the sperms. After fertilization, the egg develops first into a simple hydralike polyp, and later, by budding, into a branched hydroid like the form that produced the medusa. Alternation of Generations. — Thus we see that these hydroids have two forms, and neither one is complete. The hydroid form can spread as a colony, but it can form no new colony. But by means of the medusae, which

. Principles of economic zoo?logy. Zoology, Economic. HYDROZOA the corresponding division of hil)or. These Hydradiii'ia live upon the surface of the shells of sea-snails or whelks, which are inhabited by hermit crabs, and afford another good example of symbiosis. The Hydraclinia gets free transportation, aiding it in secur- ing food; it also probably feeds upon minute fragments of the crab's food; while the crab, in turn, is protected from intruders by the stinging cells of the Hijilrnclinia. If the hydroids are in any way torn from the shell, the crab finds another colony, and, tearing it loo Stock Photo

RMRDR7JG–. Principles of economic zoo?logy. Zoology, Economic. HYDROZOA the corresponding division of hil)or. These Hydradiii'ia live upon the surface of the shells of sea-snails or whelks, which are inhabited by hermit crabs, and afford another good example of symbiosis. The Hydraclinia gets free transportation, aiding it in secur- ing food; it also probably feeds upon minute fragments of the crab's food; while the crab, in turn, is protected from intruders by the stinging cells of the Hijilrnclinia. If the hydroids are in any way torn from the shell, the crab finds another colony, and, tearing it loo

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Marine biology. COLONY DEVELOPMENT IN HYDROIDS 63. COLONY Figure 3. Each bar represents the polyp area divided by the total area of the colony (filled portion) and the area of empty coverslip enclosed within the colony divided by the total area of the colony (open portion) for//, svmbiolongkarpus (A) and P. camea (B). Numbers correspond to individual colonies; letters correspond to the times at which colonies were measured. Each colony was measured at the time of stolonal mat formation in //. symbiolongicarpus (a = stage 2), at the time of covering Stock Photo

RMRHM7KK–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Marine biology. COLONY DEVELOPMENT IN HYDROIDS 63. COLONY Figure 3. Each bar represents the polyp area divided by the total area of the colony (filled portion) and the area of empty coverslip enclosed within the colony divided by the total area of the colony (open portion) for//, svmbiolongkarpus (A) and P. camea (B). Numbers correspond to individual colonies; letters correspond to the times at which colonies were measured. Each colony was measured at the time of stolonal mat formation in //. symbiolongicarpus (a = stage 2), at the time of covering

. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. 382 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Plumularia inermis Nutting. Plumularia inermis Nutting, American Hydroids, pt. I, 1900. p. 6r. Trophosome.—Colony simple, unbranched, reaching the height of about half an inch; divided into regular, long, slender intemodes, each of which bears a hydrocladium from a process at its distal end. The hydrocladia are divided into regular intemodes, T all of which, including the proximal, bear hydrothecse, except very occasionally when there may be an in Stock Photo

RMRGCXW8–. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. 382 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Plumularia inermis Nutting. Plumularia inermis Nutting, American Hydroids, pt. I, 1900. p. 6r. Trophosome.—Colony simple, unbranched, reaching the height of about half an inch; divided into regular, long, slender intemodes, each of which bears a hydrocladium from a process at its distal end. The hydrocladia are divided into regular intemodes, T all of which, including the proximal, bear hydrothecse, except very occasionally when there may be an in

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Marine biology. STAGE 3. Figure 1. Schemata illustrating the stages of colony development in hydractiniid hydroids. Both Po- docoryne camea and Hydractinia symbiolongicarpiis initiate colony development as primary polyps (stage 1). Stage 2 is defined as the time that H. symbiolongicarpiis colonies first develop a stolonal mat (the basal area with many branching and anastomosing stolons). At stage 3, colonies are nearly covering the substratum.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced Stock Photo

RMRHM7NP–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Marine biology. STAGE 3. Figure 1. Schemata illustrating the stages of colony development in hydractiniid hydroids. Both Po- docoryne camea and Hydractinia symbiolongicarpiis initiate colony development as primary polyps (stage 1). Stage 2 is defined as the time that H. symbiolongicarpiis colonies first develop a stolonal mat (the basal area with many branching and anastomosing stolons). At stage 3, colonies are nearly covering the substratum.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced

. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. HYDROIDS OF BEAUFORT, NORTH CAROLINA. 349 Eudendrium cameum Clarke Eudendrium cameum Clarke. Hydroids of Chesapeake Bay, 1882, p. 137. Nutting. Hydroids of Woods Hole Region, 1901, P- 333- Trophosome.—Colony much branched, attaining a height of 4 or 5 inches; stem fascicled; annulations at the base of the branches and pedicels.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these i Stock Photo

RMRGCJ7P–. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. HYDROIDS OF BEAUFORT, NORTH CAROLINA. 349 Eudendrium cameum Clarke Eudendrium cameum Clarke. Hydroids of Chesapeake Bay, 1882, p. 137. Nutting. Hydroids of Woods Hole Region, 1901, P- 333- Trophosome.—Colony much branched, attaining a height of 4 or 5 inches; stem fascicled; annulations at the base of the branches and pedicels.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these i

. Contributions to Canadian biology. Marine biology; Natural history. HYDROIDS OF EASTERN CANADA 143 Genus Syncoryne. Trophosome. Colony nnbranched or slightly branched; tentacles strongly capi- tate. Gonosome. Gonophores producing free medusae with four radial canals and four rudimentary tentacles. ' Syncoryne mirahilis (Agassiz). Trophosome. Colony unbranched or slightly and irregularly branched; hydranth stout; tentacles 15 or more. Gonosome. Gonophores nearly spherical, borne among or below the proximal tentacles.. Family BIMEKID.E. Trophosome. Hydranth with conical or dome-shaped probosci Stock Photo

RMREA1XE–. Contributions to Canadian biology. Marine biology; Natural history. HYDROIDS OF EASTERN CANADA 143 Genus Syncoryne. Trophosome. Colony nnbranched or slightly branched; tentacles strongly capi- tate. Gonosome. Gonophores producing free medusae with four radial canals and four rudimentary tentacles. ' Syncoryne mirahilis (Agassiz). Trophosome. Colony unbranched or slightly and irregularly branched; hydranth stout; tentacles 15 or more. Gonosome. Gonophores nearly spherical, borne among or below the proximal tentacles.. Family BIMEKID.E. Trophosome. Hydranth with conical or dome-shaped probosci

. Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Zoology; Chelonia (Genus); Ctenophora; Cnidaria; Animals. Chap. III. HYDRACTINIA POLYCLINA. 231 Fig. 34.. Tlie retiform stolon of Hy- dractinia polyclina. From na- ture, by H. J. Clark. The inner wall {Fig. 3, h) is very thick, and constitutes the greater bulk of the body; it has the same extent as the outer wall, and is in more intimate connection with the active functions of the Avhole colony, forming the immediate lining of the digestive cavity {d), which receives the chymiferous fluid, in common with the other hydroids Stock Photo

RMRE9EBN–. Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Zoology; Chelonia (Genus); Ctenophora; Cnidaria; Animals. Chap. III. HYDRACTINIA POLYCLINA. 231 Fig. 34.. Tlie retiform stolon of Hy- dractinia polyclina. From na- ture, by H. J. Clark. The inner wall {Fig. 3, h) is very thick, and constitutes the greater bulk of the body; it has the same extent as the outer wall, and is in more intimate connection with the active functions of the Avhole colony, forming the immediate lining of the digestive cavity {d), which receives the chymiferous fluid, in common with the other hydroids

. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. Fig. 34.—Hebella calcarata (A. Agassiz). A, colony growing over Pasylhea quadridentata; B, gonosome from stolon growing over the same hydroid; C, stolon growing on the surface of gulfweed, with hydrothecae and gonangia. As indicated in my paper on " West Coast Hydroids," I have felt that there was no proper place for the genus Hebella among the Calyptoblastic families that up to the present have been established. To this difficulty another was added, w'hen I came to the study o Stock Photo

RMRGCY33–. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. Fig. 34.—Hebella calcarata (A. Agassiz). A, colony growing over Pasylhea quadridentata; B, gonosome from stolon growing over the same hydroid; C, stolon growing on the surface of gulfweed, with hydrothecae and gonangia. As indicated in my paper on " West Coast Hydroids," I have felt that there was no proper place for the genus Hebella among the Calyptoblastic families that up to the present have been established. To this difficulty another was added, w'hen I came to the study o

. Principles of economic zoo?logy. Zoology, Economic. HYDROZOA 21 waves, or the transporting, by the same means, of the debris to whieh they are attached in later hfe. Symbiosis is exemplified by Hyd'ra vir'iili.s, or the green Hxjdra, the color probably being due to the presence of small green algce. Another species found in Russia, Polypo'dium hydrifor'jne, of which little is known, is parasitic on sturgeon eggs.' A Hydroid Colony (Fig. 11).—Suppose a hydra-hke animal to bud and branch until it looked like a tiny bushy shrub. This will give you some idea of these plant-like hydroids. These h Stock Photo

RMRDR7K4–. Principles of economic zoo?logy. Zoology, Economic. HYDROZOA 21 waves, or the transporting, by the same means, of the debris to whieh they are attached in later hfe. Symbiosis is exemplified by Hyd'ra vir'iili.s, or the green Hxjdra, the color probably being due to the presence of small green algce. Another species found in Russia, Polypo'dium hydrifor'jne, of which little is known, is parasitic on sturgeon eggs.' A Hydroid Colony (Fig. 11).—Suppose a hydra-hke animal to bud and branch until it looked like a tiny bushy shrub. This will give you some idea of these plant-like hydroids. These h

RMRDE4YT–. Animal activities; a first book in zoo?logy. Zoology; Animal behavior. MATERJ/tL FOR STUDY. 15. sea-weeds, on logs and sticks, and are sometimes at- tached to the shells of mussels. Find them at low tide and transfer them to a marine aquarium, made by filling ajar with salt water and introducing some marine plants collected on the rocks where the campanularians are found. Some closely related colonies are called sertularians. Hydractinia is the name given to a colony consisting of pink, salt-water hydroids found growing on the snail-shells occu- pied by hermit-crabs. Sea-anemones. These anim

. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. Fig. 36.—Pasythea quadridentata (Ellis and Solander). A, portion of colony; B and C, gonangia. Genus SERTULARELLA. Trophosome.—Stems and branches usually divided into distinct intemodes; hydrothecjE alternate; margin commonly with three or four teeth; operculum with three or four flaps. Gonosome.—Gonangia large, often annulated. Sertularella conica All man. Sertularella cotiiea Allman. Hydroids of the Gulf Stream, 1877. p. 21. Clarke, Bull. Mus. Comp, Zool.. 1879. p. 246. Nutting, Americ Stock Photo

RMRGCY1X–. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. Fig. 36.—Pasythea quadridentata (Ellis and Solander). A, portion of colony; B and C, gonangia. Genus SERTULARELLA. Trophosome.—Stems and branches usually divided into distinct intemodes; hydrothecjE alternate; margin commonly with three or four teeth; operculum with three or four flaps. Gonosome.—Gonangia large, often annulated. Sertularella conica All man. Sertularella cotiiea Allman. Hydroids of the Gulf Stream, 1877. p. 21. Clarke, Bull. Mus. Comp, Zool.. 1879. p. 246. Nutting, Americ

RMRDE4YE–. Animal activities; a first book in zoo?logy. Zoology; Animal behavior. sea-weeds, on logs and sticks, and are sometimes at- tached to the shells of mussels. Find them at low tide and transfer them to a marine aquarium, made by filling ajar with salt water and introducing some marine plants collected on the rocks where the campanularians are found. Some closely related colonies are called sertularians. Hydractinia is the name given to a colony consisting of pink, salt-water hydroids found growing on the snail-shells occu- pied by hermit-crabs. Sea-anemones. These animals are hardy and may be

. The biology of the sea-shore. Marine biology. METHODS OF ATTACK AND DEFENCE 87 reach a circumference of several feet, simulating a small coral-reef. Its contorted plates are a perfect museum of Polyzoa, " so numerous are the species which delight to find shelter in the quiet interstices of the colony. The exquisite little colonies of Crisia ehurnea are commonly found on red seaweeds, or on the branches of the Hydroid Sertularia." In the case of Hydroids the form attacked has no special means of warding off the epizoic form, but each endeavours to outgrow the other. Warren (1909) ha Stock Photo

RMRHK6CG–. The biology of the sea-shore. Marine biology. METHODS OF ATTACK AND DEFENCE 87 reach a circumference of several feet, simulating a small coral-reef. Its contorted plates are a perfect museum of Polyzoa, " so numerous are the species which delight to find shelter in the quiet interstices of the colony. The exquisite little colonies of Crisia ehurnea are commonly found on red seaweeds, or on the branches of the Hydroid Sertularia." In the case of Hydroids the form attacked has no special means of warding off the epizoic form, but each endeavours to outgrow the other. Warren (1909) ha

. An elementary course in practical zoölogy [microform]. Zoology; Zoologie. 170 PRACTICAL ZO^JLOGY. c. Besides these two are oftcxi found forms modified for protection, etc. If a stained and mounted specimen of a carapanu- larian or oth-.r hydroid be at hand, it will be found very useful in showing these points. The different kinds of individuals, though often greatly modified, still show the essential plan of the hydra. Some hydroids have a tube of hard material developed by the outer layer, and at the base of the colony some kinds secrete a layer of this material incrusting the object on whi Stock Photo

RMREPDYN–. An elementary course in practical zoölogy [microform]. Zoology; Zoologie. 170 PRACTICAL ZO^JLOGY. c. Besides these two are oftcxi found forms modified for protection, etc. If a stained and mounted specimen of a carapanu- larian or oth-.r hydroid be at hand, it will be found very useful in showing these points. The different kinds of individuals, though often greatly modified, still show the essential plan of the hydra. Some hydroids have a tube of hard material developed by the outer layer, and at the base of the colony some kinds secrete a layer of this material incrusting the object on whi

. Animal activities : a first book in zoölogy. Zoology; Animal behavior. MATERIAL FOR STUDY. 15. sea-weeds, on logs and sticks, and are sometimes at- tached to the shells of mussels. Find them at low tide and transfer them to a marine aquarium, made by filling- a jar with salt water and introducing some marine plants collected on the rocks where the campanularians are found. Some closely related colonies are called sertularians. Hydractinia is the name given to a colony consisting of pink, salt-water. hydroids found growing on the snail-shells occu- pied by hermit-crabs. Sea-anemones. These an Stock Photo

RMRN5WYF–. Animal activities : a first book in zoölogy. Zoology; Animal behavior. MATERIAL FOR STUDY. 15. sea-weeds, on logs and sticks, and are sometimes at- tached to the shells of mussels. Find them at low tide and transfer them to a marine aquarium, made by filling- a jar with salt water and introducing some marine plants collected on the rocks where the campanularians are found. Some closely related colonies are called sertularians. Hydractinia is the name given to a colony consisting of pink, salt-water. hydroids found growing on the snail-shells occu- pied by hermit-crabs. Sea-anemones. These an

$. Animal activities : a first book in zoölogy. Zoology; Animal behavior. Fig. 19.—A Campanularian Hydroid Colony {Eucope diaphand). a, whole colony, one half natural size; b^ single zooid magnified; c and d, stages of jelly-fish, magnified. Studies '' (Agassiz) should be accessible to both teacher and pupils. There are many small marine animals resembling tjie hydra. Among the most abundant of these are the campanularian hydroids, colonies of hydra- like animals. The colonies are brown in color, and look like mosses or similar plants. They grow on. Please note that these images are extracted f Stock Photo$

RMRN5WYT–. Animal activities : a first book in zoölogy. Zoology; Animal behavior. Fig. 19.—A Campanularian Hydroid Colony {Eucope diaphand). a, whole colony, one half natural size; b^ single zooid magnified; c and d, stages of jelly-fish, magnified. Studies '' (Agassiz) should be accessible to both teacher and pupils. There are many small marine animals resembling tjie hydra. Among the most abundant of these are the campanularian hydroids, colonies of hydra- like animals. The colonies are brown in color, and look like mosses or similar plants. They grow on. Please note that these images are extracted f

. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. Trophosome.—Colony dichotomously branched; hydrocladia all springing from the upper side of the branches; cauline nematophores absent. Gonosome.—Gonangia without special protection; oval or ovate. I Monostxchas quadridens (McCrady). Plumularia quadridens McCrady, Proc. Elliott Soc, 1857, p. 97. MonostcEchas quadridens. Nutting, American Hydroids, pt. I, 1900, p. 75. Trophosome.—Colony attaining a height of 6 inches, dichotomously branched; branches coming off from the main stem at irregu Stock Photo

RMRGCXWW–. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. Trophosome.—Colony dichotomously branched; hydrocladia all springing from the upper side of the branches; cauline nematophores absent. Gonosome.—Gonangia without special protection; oval or ovate. I Monostxchas quadridens (McCrady). Plumularia quadridens McCrady, Proc. Elliott Soc, 1857, p. 97. MonostcEchas quadridens. Nutting, American Hydroids, pt. I, 1900, p. 75. Trophosome.—Colony attaining a height of 6 inches, dichotomously branched; branches coming off from the main stem at irregu

. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. HYDROIDS OF BEAUFORT, NORTH CAROLINA. Family PE.NARID.€. 355 Trophosome.—Colony branched; hydranths with a proximal whorl of long filiform tentacles around the body of the hydranth and several capitate tentacles on the proboscis, these usually in a series of whorls. Gonosome.—Gonophores producing free medusse with four radial canals and four rudimentary tentacles. Genus PENNARU. Trophosome.—Colony large, much branched, often with a distinct pinnate or twice pinnate arrange- ment; hydran Stock Photo

RMRGCJ5J–. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. HYDROIDS OF BEAUFORT, NORTH CAROLINA. Family PE.NARID.€. 355 Trophosome.—Colony branched; hydranths with a proximal whorl of long filiform tentacles around the body of the hydranth and several capitate tentacles on the proboscis, these usually in a series of whorls. Gonosome.—Gonophores producing free medusse with four radial canals and four rudimentary tentacles. Genus PENNARU. Trophosome.—Colony large, much branched, often with a distinct pinnate or twice pinnate arrange- ment; hydran

RMRGCY1E–. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. Fig. 36.—Pasythea quadridentata (Ellis and Solander). A, portion of colony; B and C, gonangia. Genus SERTULARELLA. Trophosome.—Stems and branches usually divided into distinct intemodes; hydrothecjE alternate; margin commonly with three or four teeth; operculum with three or four flaps. Gonosome.—Gonangia large, often annulated. Sertularella conica All man. Sertularella cotiiea Allman. Hydroids of the Gulf Stream, 1877. p. 21. Clarke, Bull. Mus. Comp, Zool.. 1879. p. 246. Nutting, Americ

. Contributions to Canadian biology. Marine biology; Natural history. HYDROIDS OF EASTERN CANADA 159 Ohelia articulata (A. Agassiz). Trophosome. Colony much branched, 7 cm. high; stem usually simple but in some cases slightly fas- cicled; main stem continuous throughout and dis- tinctly stouter than any of the branches; stem and branches annulated above the origin of branches and pedicels; hydrotheca deeper than wide; margin with 12-14 low, rounded teeth, pedicel annulated throughout Gonosome. Gonangium axillary, long, usually longer than the stem internode, a distinct collar pre- sent; pedice Stock Photo

RMRE9HMB–. Contributions to Canadian biology. Marine biology; Natural history. HYDROIDS OF EASTERN CANADA 159 Ohelia articulata (A. Agassiz). Trophosome. Colony much branched, 7 cm. high; stem usually simple but in some cases slightly fas- cicled; main stem continuous throughout and dis- tinctly stouter than any of the branches; stem and branches annulated above the origin of branches and pedicels; hydrotheca deeper than wide; margin with 12-14 low, rounded teeth, pedicel annulated throughout Gonosome. Gonangium axillary, long, usually longer than the stem internode, a distinct collar pre- sent; pedice

. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. HYDROIDS OF BEAUFORT, NORTH CAROUNA. 367 ? Halecium bennudense Congdon. Halecium bermudense Congdon, Hydroids of Bermuda, 1907, p. 473. Trophosome.—Colony not very large, sometimes reaching a height of 35 mm.; main stem fascicled; branches may be slightly geniculate, divided into regular intemodes by transverse nodes. Hydrophores alternate, shallow, often reduplicated; when reduplication does take place the succeeding rims are very close together. Gonosome.—"Colonies dicecious. Gono Stock Photo

RMRGCHYG–. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. HYDROIDS OF BEAUFORT, NORTH CAROUNA. 367 ? Halecium bennudense Congdon. Halecium bermudense Congdon, Hydroids of Bermuda, 1907, p. 473. Trophosome.—Colony not very large, sometimes reaching a height of 35 mm.; main stem fascicled; branches may be slightly geniculate, divided into regular intemodes by transverse nodes. Hydrophores alternate, shallow, often reduplicated; when reduplication does take place the succeeding rims are very close together. Gonosome.—"Colonies dicecious. Gono

RMRHK6C8–. The biology of the sea-shore. Marine biology. METHODS OF ATTACK AND DEFENCE 87 reach a circumference of several feet, simulating a small coral-reef. Its contorted plates are a perfect museum of Polyzoa, " so numerous are the species which delight to find shelter in the quiet interstices of the colony. The exquisite little colonies of Crisia ehurnea are commonly found on red seaweeds, or on the branches of the Hydroid Sertularia." In the case of Hydroids the form attacked has no special means of warding off the epizoic form, but each endeavours to outgrow the other. Warren (1909) ha

. Animal activities : a first book in zoölogy. Zoology; Animal behavior. sea-weeds, on logs and sticks, and are sometimes at- tached to the shells of mussels. Find them at low tide and transfer them to a marine aquarium, made by filling- a jar with salt water and introducing some marine plants collected on the rocks where the campanularians are found. Some closely related colonies are called sertularians. Hydractinia is the name given to a colony consisting of pink, salt-water. hydroids found growing on the snail-shells occu- pied by hermit-crabs. Sea-anemones. These animals are hardy and may Stock Photo

RMRN5WYB–. Animal activities : a first book in zoölogy. Zoology; Animal behavior. sea-weeds, on logs and sticks, and are sometimes at- tached to the shells of mussels. Find them at low tide and transfer them to a marine aquarium, made by filling- a jar with salt water and introducing some marine plants collected on the rocks where the campanularians are found. Some closely related colonies are called sertularians. Hydractinia is the name given to a colony consisting of pink, salt-water. hydroids found growing on the snail-shells occu- pied by hermit-crabs. Sea-anemones. These animals are hardy and may

. Biology. Biology. POLYMORPHISM 99 hydroid which begins the formation of a new colony by budding. A hydroid, thus, may be polymorphic; Hydra is not. Other types of hydroids present different grades in complexity of this phenomenon of polymorphism, some individuals being .P A. FIG. 39.—Stephalia corona. A siphonophore colony illustrating polymorphism. .4, aurophore, a modified medusa; G, secondary gastrozooid or feeding polyp; r, tentacle of gastrozooid; PG, primary gastrozooid, N, nectophore, one of the locomotor individuals of the colony and with the general form of a medusa; P, pneumatophor Stock Photo

RMRHKA8P–. Biology. Biology. POLYMORPHISM 99 hydroid which begins the formation of a new colony by budding. A hydroid, thus, may be polymorphic; Hydra is not. Other types of hydroids present different grades in complexity of this phenomenon of polymorphism, some individuals being .P A. FIG. 39.—Stephalia corona. A siphonophore colony illustrating polymorphism. .4, aurophore, a modified medusa; G, secondary gastrozooid or feeding polyp; r, tentacle of gastrozooid; PG, primary gastrozooid, N, nectophore, one of the locomotor individuals of the colony and with the general form of a medusa; P, pneumatophor

. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. Fig. 24. -Ohrlia Jiyatina Clarke. A. portion of colony; B gonangia. o Hydroids of the Bermudas. 1907. p. '> Biul. Bulletin. 1909. p. 375. c Narrative of the Bahama Expedition. 1S95. p. 89. fig. 3.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. United States Fish Commission. Washington, The Commission, Govt. Prin Stock Photo

RMRGCJ1F–. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. Fig. 24. -Ohrlia Jiyatina Clarke. A. portion of colony; B gonangia. o Hydroids of the Bermudas. 1907. p. '> Biul. Bulletin. 1909. p. 375. c Narrative of the Bahama Expedition. 1S95. p. 89. fig. 3.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. United States Fish Commission. Washington, The Commission, Govt. Prin

. Elements of zoology, to accompany the field and laboratory study of animals. Zoology. 278 ZOOLOGY have the habit of forming colonies by ])udding. In all cases the buds arise from a definite part of the parent body and de- velop into a definite form, often exactly like that produced from the egg. When the buds remain attached to the parent, a compound individual or colony is produced. These colonies differ greatly in form. Thus among hydroids we have colonies which jiroduce runners, from which alone, and not from other hydranths, new hydranths arise. In another case (Obelia),. Fig. 268. — Ato Stock Photo

RMRDHCJ3–. Elements of zoology, to accompany the field and laboratory study of animals. Zoology. 278 ZOOLOGY have the habit of forming colonies by ])udding. In all cases the buds arise from a definite part of the parent body and de- velop into a definite form, often exactly like that produced from the egg. When the buds remain attached to the parent, a compound individual or colony is produced. These colonies differ greatly in form. Thus among hydroids we have colonies which jiroduce runners, from which alone, and not from other hydranths, new hydranths arise. In another case (Obelia),. Fig. 268. — Ato

. Cold-water Coral Reefs: out of sight - no longer out of mind. UNEP-WCMC Biodiversity Series 22. GoniocoreUa dumosa from the southwest Pacific. The deep-water Ocutina varicosa with expanded polyps them from gorgonians and arborescent hydroids. The soft tissue consists of thousands of tiny polyps and the colony structure may be branching (bushy, pinnate or fan- shapedl or whip like. About 250 species are l<nown. Most blaci< corals are anchored with a strong holdfast to the hard substrate but some are adapted to live in soft sediments. Blacl< coral colonies can grow several metres high Stock Photo

RMREJD3K–. Cold-water Coral Reefs: out of sight - no longer out of mind. UNEP-WCMC Biodiversity Series 22. GoniocoreUa dumosa from the southwest Pacific. The deep-water Ocutina varicosa with expanded polyps them from gorgonians and arborescent hydroids. The soft tissue consists of thousands of tiny polyps and the colony structure may be branching (bushy, pinnate or fan- shapedl or whip like. About 250 species are l<nown. Most blaci< corals are anchored with a strong holdfast to the hard substrate but some are adapted to live in soft sediments. Blacl< coral colonies can grow several metres high

. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. 38o BUI<I.ETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Genus MONOST^CHAS.. Trophosome.—Colony dichotomously branched; hydrocladia all springing from the upper side of the branches; cauline nematophores absent. Gonosome.—Gonangia without special protection; oval or ovate. I Monostxchas quadridens (McCrady). Plumularia quadridens McCrady, Proc. Elliott Soc, 1857, p. 97. MonostcEchas quadridens. Nutting, American Hydroids, pt. I, 1900, p. 75. Trophosome.—Colony attaining a height of 6 inches, dichot Stock Photo

RMRGCXX1–. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. 38o BUI<I.ETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Genus MONOST^CHAS.. Trophosome.—Colony dichotomously branched; hydrocladia all springing from the upper side of the branches; cauline nematophores absent. Gonosome.—Gonangia without special protection; oval or ovate. I Monostxchas quadridens (McCrady). Plumularia quadridens McCrady, Proc. Elliott Soc, 1857, p. 97. MonostcEchas quadridens. Nutting, American Hydroids, pt. I, 1900, p. 75. Trophosome.—Colony attaining a height of 6 inches, dichot

. Beginners zoology. Zoology. 30 BEGINNERS' ZOOLOGY shown in Fig. How many mature hydranths are seen in the hydroid 40? Why are the defensive hydranths on the outside of the colony ? Which hy- dranths have no tenta- cles ? Why not ? Jellyfish. — Alterna- tion of Generations. — Medusa. — With some species of hydroids, a very curious thing hap- pens. — The iiydranth that is to pt'oducc t/ie eggs falls off and be- comes independent of the colony. More sur- FiG. 43. - A JELLYFISH. prisiug Still, its appear- ance changes entirely and instead of being hydra-Uke, it becomes the large and complex crea Stock Photo

RMRHYNFH–. Beginners zoology. Zoology. 30 BEGINNERS' ZOOLOGY shown in Fig. How many mature hydranths are seen in the hydroid 40? Why are the defensive hydranths on the outside of the colony ? Which hy- dranths have no tenta- cles ? Why not ? Jellyfish. — Alterna- tion of Generations. — Medusa. — With some species of hydroids, a very curious thing hap- pens. — The iiydranth that is to pt'oducc t/ie eggs falls off and be- comes independent of the colony. More sur- FiG. 43. - A JELLYFISH. prisiug Still, its appear- ance changes entirely and instead of being hydra-Uke, it becomes the large and complex crea

. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. 378 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Aglaophenia minuta Fevvkes. Aglaophcnia minuta Fewkes. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 1881, p. 132. Nuttint', American Hydroids, pt. I, 1900, p. 96. Trophosome.—Colony unbranched, usually from 10 to 15 mm. high, but reaching as high as 20 mm.; the stolon is regularly annulated; stem with one or two oblique nodes near the base and the remainder divided by transverse nodes into regular intemodcs each of which gives off a hydrocladium near its distal end; h Stock Photo

RMRGCXYF–. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. 378 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Aglaophenia minuta Fevvkes. Aglaophcnia minuta Fewkes. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 1881, p. 132. Nuttint', American Hydroids, pt. I, 1900, p. 96. Trophosome.—Colony unbranched, usually from 10 to 15 mm. high, but reaching as high as 20 mm.; the stolon is regularly annulated; stem with one or two oblique nodes near the base and the remainder divided by transverse nodes into regular intemodcs each of which gives off a hydrocladium near its distal end; h

. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. HYDROIDS OF BEAUFORT, NORTH CAROLINA. 363. Fig. 2j.—Obetia QCniculata (Linnaeus). Obelia hyalina Clarke. Obelia hyalina Clarke, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard. 1879, p. 241. Trophosome.—Colony small usually from 15 to 20 ram. in height; some colonies scarcely branched, others of about the same height with several branches; stem distinctly geniculate with several annula- tions above the origin of each branch and pedicel; branches sometimes coming from the axil of a pedicel and sometimes Stock Photo

RMRGCJ2B–. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. HYDROIDS OF BEAUFORT, NORTH CAROLINA. 363. Fig. 2j.—Obetia QCniculata (Linnaeus). Obelia hyalina Clarke. Obelia hyalina Clarke, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard. 1879, p. 241. Trophosome.—Colony small usually from 15 to 20 ram. in height; some colonies scarcely branched, others of about the same height with several branches; stem distinctly geniculate with several annula- tions above the origin of each branch and pedicel; branches sometimes coming from the axil of a pedicel and sometimes

. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. HYDROIDS OF BEAUFORT, NORTH CAROLINA. 383 Genus SCHIZOTRICHA. Trophosome.—Colony simple, branched, with hydrocladia pinnately arranged. • Gonosome.—Gonangia springing from the stem, branch or hydrocladium, not directly protected. Schizotricha tenella (Verrill). Ptumularia temella Verrill, Invert. An. Vineyard Sound, 1874, p. 731- Sckizotricka UntUa Nutting, American Hydroids, pt. 1,1900, p. 80. Trophosome.—Colonies usually growing in clusters, reaching a height of 2 inches but usually mu Stock Photo

RMRGCXTT–. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. HYDROIDS OF BEAUFORT, NORTH CAROLINA. 383 Genus SCHIZOTRICHA. Trophosome.—Colony simple, branched, with hydrocladia pinnately arranged. • Gonosome.—Gonangia springing from the stem, branch or hydrocladium, not directly protected. Schizotricha tenella (Verrill). Ptumularia temella Verrill, Invert. An. Vineyard Sound, 1874, p. 731- Sckizotricka UntUa Nutting, American Hydroids, pt. 1,1900, p. 80. Trophosome.—Colonies usually growing in clusters, reaching a height of 2 inches but usually mu

. Beginners zoology. Zoology. How many mature hydranths are seen in the hydroid 40? Why are the defensive hydranths on the outside of the colony ? Which hy- dranths have no tenta- cles ? Why not ? Jellyfish. — Alterna- tion of Generations. — Medusa. — With some species of hydroids, a very curious thing hap- pens. — The iiydranth that is to pt'oducc t/ie eggs falls off and be- comes independent of the colony. More sur- FiG. 43. - A JELLYFISH. prisiug Still, its appear- ance changes entirely and instead of being hydra-Uke, it becomes the large and complex creature called jellyfish (Fig. 43). But Stock Photo

RMRHYNF5–. Beginners zoology. Zoology. How many mature hydranths are seen in the hydroid 40? Why are the defensive hydranths on the outside of the colony ? Which hy- dranths have no tenta- cles ? Why not ? Jellyfish. — Alterna- tion of Generations. — Medusa. — With some species of hydroids, a very curious thing hap- pens. — The iiydranth that is to pt'oducc t/ie eggs falls off and be- comes independent of the colony. More sur- FiG. 43. - A JELLYFISH. prisiug Still, its appear- ance changes entirely and instead of being hydra-Uke, it becomes the large and complex creature called jellyfish (Fig. 43). But

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