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![. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). CHAP. X.] CONTINUITY OF THE CHALK. 483 and he referred the group to the Polyzoa. When Mr. Toulmin Smith studied the Ventriculites, the Hexactinellidse — the sponges with six-rayed meshes or spicules—were practically unknow Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PFE60E/the-depths-of-the-sea-an-account-of-the-general-results-of-the-dredging-cruises-of-hm-ss-porcupine-and-lightning-during-the-summers-of-1868-1869-and-1870-under-the-scientific-direction-of-dr-carpenter-frs-j-gwyn-jeffreys-frs-and-dr-wyville-thomson-frs-lightning-ship-ocean-marine-animals-deep-sea-temperature-deep-sea-desposits-porcupine-ship-chap-x-continuity-of-the-chalk-483-and-he-referred-the-group-to-the-polyzoa-when-mr-toulmin-smith-studied-the-ventriculites-the-hexactinellidse-the-sponges-with-six-rayed-meshes-or-spiculeswere-practically-unknow-PFE60E.jpg ". The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). CHAP. X.] CONTINUITY OF THE CHALK. 483 and he referred the group to the Polyzoa. When Mr. Toulmin Smith studied the Ventriculites, the Hexactinellidse — the sponges with six-rayed meshes or spicules—were practically unknow Stock Photo")
RMPFE60E–. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). CHAP. X.] CONTINUITY OF THE CHALK. 483 and he referred the group to the Polyzoa. When Mr. Toulmin Smith studied the Ventriculites, the Hexactinellidse — the sponges with six-rayed meshes or spicules—were practically unknow
RMMCRE9B–. Fig. 4. A, B. Amastigia solida (Kluge). St. TN 194, off Oates Land. B. shows an ancestrula in slightly oblique view. C. A. crassimarginata (Busk). St. WS 840, between Patagonian Shelf and Burdwood Bank. D. A. cabereoides (Kluge). St. TN 194, off Oates Land. E. A. vibraculifera sp.n. St Wb »5> Falkland Islands. Marginal zooecium and parts of neighbouring zooecia in slightly oblique view. r. rootlet.
RM2CEEFHE–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. E^ig. no.—Caligus. Fig. in.—Calanus. (After Claus.1
RMPFDNW8–. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). 48 THE DEPTHS OF THE SEA. [chap. I. of their bodies of matter in solution, developing but little heat, and incurring a very small amount of waste by any manifestation of vital activity. According to this view it seems prob
RMMCP8K1–. Text-fig. 17. Podoclavella kottae sp.n. Suggested stages in its evolution from A, the unmodified form illustrated by Clavelina, through B, the modified form illustrated by Podoclavella cylindrica to C, P. kottae. Abdomen. The abdomen lies within the stalk, occupying the whole length. It is much narrower than the thorax, except at the lower end which is enlarged and accommodates the stomach and intestinal loop. Gut. The oesophageal mouth is at the postero-dorsal corner of the branchial sac and lies within the anterior one-third of the thorax. From there the oesophagus (oe.) passes back behind
RM2CEEX39–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. Fig ,39-— Ornithocercus. (both Figures from Schutts FFLANZENLEBEN DER HOCHSEE, BY PERMISSION OF MESSRSLlPSIUS AND TlSCHER.) FLOATING PLANTS 123. Fig. 40.—Halosph^era. (From Murrays Introduction tothe Study of Seaweeds, by permission of Messrs.Macmillan.) In the sphere on the left the protoplasm has gathered round thenuclei lining the wall; that on the right has shed the outermembrane, and the daughter cells have separated from thewall; below are four stages in the development of the
![. The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. CHAP. IX.] THE DEEP-SEA FAUNA. 419. Fig. t;r,.—RosM>lla relata, Wvville Thomso.v. Natural s i/.Q. (No. 32, isro.) E E 2. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readabil Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PFDNCG/the-depths-of-the-sea-an-account-of-the-general-results-of-the-dredging-cruises-of-hm-ss-porcupine-and-lightning-during-the-summers-of-1868-1869-and-1870-under-the-scientific-direction-of-dr-carpenter-j-gwyn-jeffreys-and-dr-wyville-thomson-porcupine-ship-lightning-ship-ocean-marine-animals-deep-sea-temperature-marine-sediments-chap-ix-the-deep-sea-fauna-419-fig-trrosmgtlla-relata-wvville-thomsov-natural-s-iq-no-32-isro-e-e-2-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readabil-PFDNCG.jpg ". The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. CHAP. IX.] THE DEEP-SEA FAUNA. 419. Fig. t;r,.—RosM>lla relata, Wvville Thomso.v. Natural s i/.Q. (No. 32, isro.) E E 2. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readabil Stock Photo")
RMPFDNCG–. The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. CHAP. IX.] THE DEEP-SEA FAUNA. 419. Fig. t;r,.—RosM>lla relata, Wvville Thomso.v. Natural s i/.Q. (No. 32, isro.) E E 2. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readabil
RM2CEEWPW–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. Fig. 40.—Halosph^era. (From Murrays Introduction tothe Study of Seaweeds, by permission of Messrs.Macmillan.) In the sphere on the left the protoplasm has gathered round thenuclei lining the wall; that on the right has shed the outermembrane, and the daughter cells have separated from thewall; below are four stages in the development of the zoospores..
RMPFDNCP–. The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. 406 THE DEPTHS OF THE SEA. [chap. vui. the remarkable conditions of climate on the coasts of Northern Europe are due in a broad sense solely to the Gulf-stream. That is to say, that although movements, some of them possibly of considerable imp
RM2CEE60N–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. Fig. 198.—Lucas Sounding Machine, Hand-driven. (FromKrummels Handbuch der Ozeanographie, by per-mission of J. Engelhorns Verlag, Stuttgart.). Fig. 199.—Sounding-Leads, with Snapper for Collecting aBottom Sample. (Lucas Snappers.) The lower lead has a weight which is detached on striking thebottom. which can be swung inboard when the gear is up, inorder to enable the instruments to be convenientlyattached and detached. Lighting.—If there is a dynamo on board, a cargocluster, with ename
![. The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. Fig. 72.—Rhisocrinv.s loffotcnais, M. Saes. Once and ;i hall" the natural size. (No. 43, ISOP. G G 2. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PFDNBD/the-depths-of-the-sea-an-account-of-the-general-results-of-the-dredging-cruises-of-hm-ss-porcupine-and-lightning-during-the-summers-of-1868-1869-and-1870-under-the-scientific-direction-of-dr-carpenter-j-gwyn-jeffreys-and-dr-wyville-thomson-porcupine-ship-lightning-ship-ocean-marine-animals-deep-sea-temperature-marine-sediments-fig-72rhisocrinvs-loffotcnais-m-saes-once-and-i-hallquot-the-natural-size-no-43-isop-g-g-2-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-PFDNBD.jpg ". The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. Fig. 72.—Rhisocrinv.s loffotcnais, M. Saes. Once and ;i hall" the natural size. (No. 43, ISOP. G G 2. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration Stock Photo")
RMPFDNBD–. The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. Fig. 72.—Rhisocrinv.s loffotcnais, M. Saes. Once and ;i hall" the natural size. (No. 43, ISOP. G G 2. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration
RM2CEE3MM–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. ft h-1 J.
RMPFE61B–. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). Fig. 79. —Pecten hoskynsi, Forbes. Twire the natural size. animals of one or two species of Lima from extreme depths are of the usual vivid orange scarlet. Neither are the abyssal mollusca universally destitute of eyes. A
RMMCTP8W–. C D' Y Fig. i. Simplified diagram of the mechanism of the Type I Recorder, clips at the side which may be seen in Plate I. The edges of the gauze banding pass up in recesses in the face of the forward casting, which just give sufficient clearance for the passage of a single thickness of gauze; the recess on the right-hand side is clearly seen in Plate I. The gauze banding after sieving out the plankton passes through a slit and up between the driving rollers / and K; in passing through the slit it is immediately joined by the second gauze banding which has wound off a spool L placed in a ta
RM2CEEN7A–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. pIG> 57—Macrocystis. (After Hooker and Harvey.). Fig. 58.—Ecklonia. 142 THE PLANTS littoral and sublittoral zone, though it is reported thatMacrocystis pyrifera (Fig. 57), with a frond attaining alength of 200 metres, goes down to a great depth onthe coast of Fuegia. They all love exposed places,and Darwin wrote in his Narrative of the Beagle : I know few things more surprising than to see theKelp, or Macrocystis pyrifera, growing and flourishingamongst those great breakers of the
RMPFDNPF–. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). Plate III.—Second C nil. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resem
RM2CEECRH–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. pt up todate by Sir John Murray and Mr. J. G. Bartholomew.An inspection of the reduced chart given here willshow at a glance where deep soundings are mostabundant. The greatest depth yet recorded in the ocean is5,269 fathoms (9,636 metres), or 66 feet less thansix English miles. This was a sounding taken bythe U.S.S. Nero in the Challenger Deep to thesouth of the Ladrones, where the Challengerrecorded a depth of 4,575 fathoms. Depths greaterthan 5,000 fathoms are also known in the Ald
![. The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. 432 THE DEPTHS OF THE SEA. [cifAP. IX. Lopholielia prolifera, Pallas (Fig. 30, p. 169). —Many varieties ; abundant at depths from 150 to 500 fathoms all along the west coasts of Scot- land and Ireland, at temperatures varying from 0" to 1 Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PFDNBY/the-depths-of-the-sea-an-account-of-the-general-results-of-the-dredging-cruises-of-hm-ss-porcupine-and-lightning-during-the-summers-of-1868-1869-and-1870-under-the-scientific-direction-of-dr-carpenter-j-gwyn-jeffreys-and-dr-wyville-thomson-porcupine-ship-lightning-ship-ocean-marine-animals-deep-sea-temperature-marine-sediments-432-the-depths-of-the-sea-cifap-ix-lopholielia-prolifera-pallas-fig-30-p-169-many-varieties-abundant-at-depths-from-150-to-500-fathoms-all-along-the-west-coasts-of-scot-land-and-ireland-at-temperatures-varying-from-0quot-to-1-PFDNBY.jpg ". The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. 432 THE DEPTHS OF THE SEA. [cifAP. IX. Lopholielia prolifera, Pallas (Fig. 30, p. 169). —Many varieties ; abundant at depths from 150 to 500 fathoms all along the west coasts of Scot- land and Ireland, at temperatures varying from 0" to 1 Stock Photo")
RMPFDNBY–. The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. 432 THE DEPTHS OF THE SEA. [cifAP. IX. Lopholielia prolifera, Pallas (Fig. 30, p. 169). —Many varieties ; abundant at depths from 150 to 500 fathoms all along the west coasts of Scot- land and Ireland, at temperatures varying from 0" to 1
RMMCTNPF–. The distribution of temperature, salinity, and oxygen content along section 19, from 66° 46' S, 8o° so' W in the south-western pan of the Drake Passage {a Deception Island. Octotur 193a
RM2CEF3PT–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. IFACE OF THE OCEANS. ilt per thousand parts of salt water* (After Dr. G. Schott.) [Between pp. 30, 31. CHART III.—ISOHALINES OF THE SURFACE OF THE OCEANS. These are lines drawn through points of like salinity ; the figures denote parts of salt per thousand parts of salt water. (After Dr. G. Schott.) TEMPERATURE OF SEA WATER 31 few years have shown that the distribution of this coldwater, which varies greatly from season to season,and from one year to another, has a profound effectupon
![. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). 9 ' ^ «r. â 44 â ⢠43 â. ⢠"O « 34 ' « J 51 50 *** V 42 1* 40 -⢠M 1" M to ' >t* 4* < ,rV&. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanc Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PFDNNK/the-depths-of-the-sea-an-account-of-the-general-results-of-the-dredging-cruises-of-hm-ss-porcupine-and-lightning-during-the-summers-of-1868-1869-and-1870-under-the-scientific-direction-of-dr-carpenter-frs-j-gwyn-jeffreys-frs-and-dr-wyville-thomson-frs-lightning-ship-ocean-marine-animals-deep-sea-temperature-deep-sea-desposits-porcupine-ship-9-r-44-43-quoto-34-j-51-50-v-42-1-40-m-1quot-m-to-gtt-4-lt-rvamp-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanc-PFDNNK.jpg ". The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). 9 ' ^ «r. â 44 â ⢠43 â. ⢠"O « 34 ' « J 51 50 *** V 42 1* 40 -⢠M 1" M to ' >t* 4* < ,rV&. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanc Stock Photo")
RMPFDNNK–. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). 9 ' ^ «r. â 44 â ⢠43 â. ⢠"O « 34 ' « J 51 50 *** V 42 1* 40 -⢠M 1" M to ' >t* 4* < ,rV&. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanc
RM2CEEHNC–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. Fig. 88.—Phialidium.(After Browne.) Fig. 89.—Euphysa.(After Browne.). Pig. 90.—Part of Colony of the Hydroid Bougainvillea. Showing the polyps with long tentacles, and the round or bell-shapedMedusae (jelly-fish) which are budded off from the colony whenadult. (From Lankesters Treatise on Zoology, by permissionof Messrs. Black.) JELLY-FISH 171
![. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). chap, in.] THE CRUISES OF THE 'PORCUPINE: 127 the genus Caprella, the odd-looking group of skeleton shrimps which fix themselves by their hind claspers, usually in this locality to branching sponges, and wave their gaunt g Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PFDNJX/the-depths-of-the-sea-an-account-of-the-general-results-of-the-dredging-cruises-of-hm-ss-porcupine-and-lightning-during-the-summers-of-1868-1869-and-1870-under-the-scientific-direction-of-dr-carpenter-frs-j-gwyn-jeffreys-frs-and-dr-wyville-thomson-frs-lightning-ship-ocean-marine-animals-deep-sea-temperature-deep-sea-desposits-porcupine-ship-chap-in-the-cruises-of-the-porcupine-127-the-genus-caprella-the-odd-looking-group-of-skeleton-shrimps-which-fix-themselves-by-their-hind-claspers-usually-in-this-locality-to-branching-sponges-and-wave-their-gaunt-g-PFDNJX.jpg ". The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). chap, in.] THE CRUISES OF THE 'PORCUPINE: 127 the genus Caprella, the odd-looking group of skeleton shrimps which fix themselves by their hind claspers, usually in this locality to branching sponges, and wave their gaunt g Stock Photo")
RMPFDNJX–. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). chap, in.] THE CRUISES OF THE 'PORCUPINE: 127 the genus Caprella, the odd-looking group of skeleton shrimps which fix themselves by their hind claspers, usually in this locality to branching sponges, and wave their gaunt g
RMMCRATB–. 1 1 1 52 53 54 1 55 1 55 1 57 1 53 1 59 1 60 1 61 1 62 I 63 1 64 I 65 t 6S 67 1 6B DcGRCES SOUTH Fig. 10. Comparison of average monthly temperatures, based on monthly isotherms. melts away it tends to leave a long tongue of cold water which is seen as a conspicuous S-shaped turn in the isotherms in Plates V-VII. The shape of the isotherms here is subject to a good deal of variation. The data indicate that a line of observations running south from the convergence will usually, but not always, reveal a slight rise in temperature about 60-65° S, and if there is no actual rise in temperature,
RM2CEEDXT–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. in their tails(Fig. 127); and the Stomatopoda have a set of larvaepeculiar to themselves (Fig. 125, 126). Of the group to which oysters, snails, and cuttle-fishbelong, the Mollusea,some subdivisions occur in Plankton. The oyster-forms, or Lamellibranchs, possessing twoshells, are occasionally represented by larvae (Fig. 134).The snail-forms, or Gastropoda, are frequently met.Janthina, a warm-water snail, sometimes thrown onour western shores, has a purple shell; to its foot isattached
![. The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. CHAP. VI.] DEEP-SEA DREDGING. 251 becomiiii? entaiiijled or wedged among rocks or stones, a strain less than sufficient to break the dredge rope would break the stop, alter the position of the dredge, and proliably enable it to free itself;. F Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PFDNEP/the-depths-of-the-sea-an-account-of-the-general-results-of-the-dredging-cruises-of-hm-ss-porcupine-and-lightning-during-the-summers-of-1868-1869-and-1870-under-the-scientific-direction-of-dr-carpenter-j-gwyn-jeffreys-and-dr-wyville-thomson-porcupine-ship-lightning-ship-ocean-marine-animals-deep-sea-temperature-marine-sediments-chap-vi-deep-sea-dredging-251-becomiiii-entaiiijled-or-wedged-among-rocks-or-stones-a-strain-less-than-sufficient-to-break-the-dredge-rope-would-break-the-stop-alter-the-position-of-the-dredge-and-proliably-enable-it-to-free-itself-f-PFDNEP.jpg ". The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. CHAP. VI.] DEEP-SEA DREDGING. 251 becomiiii? entaiiijled or wedged among rocks or stones, a strain less than sufficient to break the dredge rope would break the stop, alter the position of the dredge, and proliably enable it to free itself;. F Stock Photo")
RMPFDNEP–. The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. CHAP. VI.] DEEP-SEA DREDGING. 251 becomiiii? entaiiijled or wedged among rocks or stones, a strain less than sufficient to break the dredge rope would break the stop, alter the position of the dredge, and proliably enable it to free itself;. F
RMMCTW18–. b Fig. 140. Eurystheus purpurescens, n.sp. a, b. Gnathopods 1 and 2 (both viewed from inside), c. 2nd joint of peraeopod 5, with hind margin further enlarged. long again as segment 1, and no denticles on any of the pleon segments. Telson with an apical spinule as well as one on each lateral corner in 3, only the lateral ones in ?. Epistomial spine strong, moderately long. Antenna 1, flagellum in <$ 39-jointed, accessory flagellum 8-jointed. Antenna 2, flagellum in S 27-jointed. In ? flagella of both antennae 15-jointed, accessory flagellum 6-jointed. In S of no. 1 flagellum of antenna 1 1
RM2CEETNN–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. GREEN ALG.E 137
![. The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. CHAP. V.J DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 215. Fk; 40.-TU" 'BuII-rtog' Sounding Mar-hiui. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these i Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PFDNFK/the-depths-of-the-sea-an-account-of-the-general-results-of-the-dredging-cruises-of-hm-ss-porcupine-and-lightning-during-the-summers-of-1868-1869-and-1870-under-the-scientific-direction-of-dr-carpenter-j-gwyn-jeffreys-and-dr-wyville-thomson-porcupine-ship-lightning-ship-ocean-marine-animals-deep-sea-temperature-marine-sediments-chap-vj-deep-sea-sounding-215-fk-40-tuquot-buii-rtog-sounding-mar-hiui-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-i-PFDNFK.jpg ". The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. CHAP. V.J DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 215. Fk; 40.-TU" 'BuII-rtog' Sounding Mar-hiui. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these i Stock Photo")
RMPFDNFK–. The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. CHAP. V.J DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 215. Fk; 40.-TU" 'BuII-rtog' Sounding Mar-hiui. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these i
RMMCNFJ6–. Text-fig. 37. Three types of gas-glands in bathypelagic fishes; (a) consisting mostly of giant cells {Vinciguerria), with intra- cellular capillaries; (b) with medium-sized cells (Polyipnus), and (c) with small cells (Myctophidae). The base of the cell of Vinciguerria is 170/1 in length, while the cell of Polyipnus fitting into the U-bend of a capillary is about 50//. wide. The cells of Myctophum are from 10 to 17/* in length along their longer axes, ic, intracellular capillary; pec, pericapillary cytoplasm. cells and the capillaries supplying them is within the cytoplasm. Secondly, these in
RM2CEET64–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. 138 THE PLANTS are known ; Caulerpa prolifera occurs plentifully inthe Mediterranean ; three species on the coast of NewZealand ; and five or six species along the coast ofJapan, in the warm waters of the Kuro Shiwo, the Gulf Stream of the Pacific.
RMPFDNAT–. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). Fie*. 72.—RMxocrinus loffotensis, M. Sars. Once and a half the natural size. (No. 43,1S69.) G G 2. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability
RMMCNE7R–. 120 130° W 180°E '''I''â !'''I ''I r MM â r t'' tM ^M'X- VV M'T^ k â ^ â t â V â '- I I ISO- Fig. 100. Distribution of total surface larvae. January and February. Ice-edge February mean.
RM2CEEJPG–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. roup, of which at present little is known, the skeletonis very varied in shape, and often of remarkable com-plexity and beauty (Figs. 82 to 86). The two closely allied forms, Ceratium (Fig. 38,p. 122) and Peridinium (Fig. 41, p. 123), enclosed in acuirass of plates, often occur in very large numbers;they are claimed by botanists as plants, but are alsoclassed by some zoologists as animals. Another form,often very common off our own coasts, is Noctiluca(Fig. 87), an important source of
![. The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. ciiAr. II.] THE CRUISE OF THE ' LWHTNING: 81 APPENDIX A. Particulars of DejJth, Temperature, and Position at the various Dredging Stations of H.M.S. ' Lightning,'' in the Summer of 1868; the Temperatures corrected for i^ressiire.. Xumber of St Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PFDNP0/the-depths-of-the-sea-an-account-of-the-general-results-of-the-dredging-cruises-of-hm-ss-porcupine-and-lightning-during-the-summers-of-1868-1869-and-1870-under-the-scientific-direction-of-dr-carpenter-j-gwyn-jeffreys-and-dr-wyville-thomson-porcupine-ship-lightning-ship-ocean-marine-animals-deep-sea-temperature-marine-sediments-ciiar-ii-the-cruise-of-the-lwhtning-81-appendix-a-particulars-of-dejjth-temperature-and-position-at-the-various-dredging-stations-of-hms-lightning-in-the-summer-of-1868-the-temperatures-corrected-for-iressiire-xumber-of-st-PFDNP0.jpg ". The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. ciiAr. II.] THE CRUISE OF THE ' LWHTNING: 81 APPENDIX A. Particulars of DejJth, Temperature, and Position at the various Dredging Stations of H.M.S. ' Lightning,'' in the Summer of 1868; the Temperatures corrected for i^ressiire.. Xumber of St Stock Photo")
RMPFDNP0–. The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. ciiAr. II.] THE CRUISE OF THE ' LWHTNING: 81 APPENDIX A. Particulars of DejJth, Temperature, and Position at the various Dredging Stations of H.M.S. ' Lightning,'' in the Summer of 1868; the Temperatures corrected for i^ressiire.. Xumber of St
RM2CEEKA7–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. press; better still is apress consisting of two iron frames, with a network ofiron wire in the middle (Fig. 74), and each frame pro-vided with four little hooks. These little hooks arefastened together by four copper chains that can bemade shorter or longer, as circumstances require.The chains must be fastened loosely, or only littleweight placed on the board in the beginning. Thespecimens may be pressed more strongly the secondday. It is absolutely necessary to change the driersevery
![. The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. CHAP. X.] CONTINUITY OF THE CHALK. 485 of ' spicules of the sarcode,' one large, C-sliaped, the other much more minute, ansAvering to Bowerbank's ' tridentate equianchorate' type; every now and then -MMJkSLM-. Fig. 82 âVentriculites simplex, T Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PFE60P/the-depths-of-the-sea-an-account-of-the-general-results-of-the-dredging-cruises-of-hm-ss-porcupine-and-lightning-during-the-summers-of-1868-1869-and-1870-under-the-scientific-direction-of-dr-carpenter-j-gwyn-jeffreys-and-dr-wyville-thomson-porcupine-ship-lightning-ship-ocean-marine-animals-deep-sea-temperature-marine-sediments-chap-x-continuity-of-the-chalk-485-of-spicules-of-the-sarcode-one-large-c-sliaped-the-other-much-more-minute-ansavering-to-bowerbanks-tridentate-equianchorate-type-every-now-and-then-mmjkslm-fig-82-ventriculites-simplex-t-PFE60P.jpg ". The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. CHAP. X.] CONTINUITY OF THE CHALK. 485 of ' spicules of the sarcode,' one large, C-sliaped, the other much more minute, ansAvering to Bowerbank's ' tridentate equianchorate' type; every now and then -MMJkSLM-. Fig. 82 âVentriculites simplex, T Stock Photo")
RMPFE60P–. The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. CHAP. X.] CONTINUITY OF THE CHALK. 485 of ' spicules of the sarcode,' one large, C-sliaped, the other much more minute, ansAvering to Bowerbank's ' tridentate equianchorate' type; every now and then -MMJkSLM-. Fig. 82 âVentriculites simplex, T
RMMCNMW8–. 20° Fig. 1. Plan of stations at which euphausiids were taken during the survey of the Benguela Current by R.R.S. 'William Scoresby', March 1950.
RM2CEEH37–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. Fig. 91.—Colony of Bougainvilleaattached to a floating blt ofWood. Fig. 92.—Obelia. Showing jelly-fish beingbudded at the sides ofa special polyp..
RMPFDND9–. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). 298 THE DEPTHS OF THE SEA. [chap. VII. This, therefore, may be regarded as a perfect instru- ment for all ordinary purposes. A number of the instruments which had been previously tested in the press were sent out in the 1
![. 1935-36 [464] Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/MCTNHG/1935-36-464-MCTNHG.jpg ". 1935-36 [464] Stock Photo")
![. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. Fig. 165.—Holtenia, a Deep-Sea Glass Sponge (Challenger ) CONTINENTAL SHELF 237 Pennatulida (Fig. 168), the sea-fans, or Gorgoniacea(Figs. 169,170), the fleshy masses of the dead-mens-fingers (Alcyonaria), the sea anemones, the redorprecious cora] (Corallium), and the true corals (Madre-. Fig. 166.—Leptopenus, a Deep-Sea Coral (Challenger). poraria), both colonial (Fig. 26, p. 90) and solitary(Fig. 166) ; the true corals are by no means confinedto the warmer seas, although it is only Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2CEEA4N/science-of-the-sea-an-elementary-handbook-of-practical-oceanography-for-travellers-sailors-and-yachtsmen-fig-165holtenia-a-deep-sea-glass-sponge-challenger-continental-shelf-237-pennatulida-fig-168-the-sea-fans-or-gorgoniaceafigs-169170-the-fleshy-masses-of-the-dead-mens-fingers-alcyonaria-the-sea-anemones-the-redorprecious-cora-corallium-and-the-true-corals-madre-fig-166leptopenus-a-deep-sea-coral-challenger-poraria-both-colonial-fig-26-p-90-and-solitaryfig-166-the-true-corals-are-by-no-means-confinedto-the-warmer-seas-although-it-is-only-2CEEA4N.jpg ". Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. Fig. 165.—Holtenia, a Deep-Sea Glass Sponge (Challenger ) CONTINENTAL SHELF 237 Pennatulida (Fig. 168), the sea-fans, or Gorgoniacea(Figs. 169,170), the fleshy masses of the dead-mens-fingers (Alcyonaria), the sea anemones, the redorprecious cora] (Corallium), and the true corals (Madre-. Fig. 166.—Leptopenus, a Deep-Sea Coral (Challenger). poraria), both colonial (Fig. 26, p. 90) and solitary(Fig. 166) ; the true corals are by no means confinedto the warmer seas, although it is only Stock Photo")
RM2CEEA4N–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. Fig. 165.—Holtenia, a Deep-Sea Glass Sponge (Challenger ) CONTINENTAL SHELF 237 Pennatulida (Fig. 168), the sea-fans, or Gorgoniacea(Figs. 169,170), the fleshy masses of the dead-mens-fingers (Alcyonaria), the sea anemones, the redorprecious cora] (Corallium), and the true corals (Madre-. Fig. 166.—Leptopenus, a Deep-Sea Coral (Challenger). poraria), both colonial (Fig. 26, p. 90) and solitary(Fig. 166) ; the true corals are by no means confinedto the warmer seas, although it is only
![. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). CHAP. X.] CONTINUITY OF THE CHALK. 501 organic matter in sea-water by the permanganate method, although there is every probability that the general result at which we arrived—that organic matter is contained in the water o Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PFE604/the-depths-of-the-sea-an-account-of-the-general-results-of-the-dredging-cruises-of-hm-ss-porcupine-and-lightning-during-the-summers-of-1868-1869-and-1870-under-the-scientific-direction-of-dr-carpenter-frs-j-gwyn-jeffreys-frs-and-dr-wyville-thomson-frs-lightning-ship-ocean-marine-animals-deep-sea-temperature-deep-sea-desposits-porcupine-ship-chap-x-continuity-of-the-chalk-501-organic-matter-in-sea-water-by-the-permanganate-method-although-there-is-every-probability-that-the-general-result-at-which-we-arrivedthat-organic-matter-is-contained-in-the-water-o-PFE604.jpg ". The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). CHAP. X.] CONTINUITY OF THE CHALK. 501 organic matter in sea-water by the permanganate method, although there is every probability that the general result at which we arrived—that organic matter is contained in the water o Stock Photo")
RMPFE604–. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). CHAP. X.] CONTINUITY OF THE CHALK. 501 organic matter in sea-water by the permanganate method, although there is every probability that the general result at which we arrived—that organic matter is contained in the water o
RMMCTNFP–. Fig. 21. E. lotigirostris. a, carapace and antennular peduncle from the side, x 13. 6, left antennular peduncle from above, x 13. c, third to fifth abdominal segments from the side, x 8. The lobe of the first segment of the antennular peduncle is large and strong but narrower than the second segment, above which it rises in an arch-like way (Fig. 21 a,b). Its distal end is divided into two nearly equal spines; a third and smaller spine may or may not arise lower down on the outer margin of the lobe—in one individual one antennule may have this spine and the other not; it is sometimes nearly
RM2CEF38H–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. he mercury in the main bulb may pass the con-striction on reversal. This is not a common fault,and thermometers subject to it should be discarded,though they may at times work well. Thermometerswhich show no signs of this defect on reversing in thehand, may fail when subjected to the vibration causedby hauling in from a great depth, especially in a roughsea. They should therefore be tested by reversingand tapping on a table. A second cause of inaccuracyis due to the mercury which rema
RMPFDNAY–. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). Fir.. 71.—Pentckerinus wyville-thomsoni, Jeffreys. Natural sizs. (No. 17, 1S70.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and
RMMCRA6E–. Fig. ic. Third trawling survey; station positions October to April 1931-2. Nototheniidae and Rajidae presented special difficulties which were only cleared up in the course of the preparation of Norman's report years afterwards. The invertebrates were more difficult owing to the great bulk of many of the catches. Quantities of previously preserved species were estimated and noted when possible, and all or a noted pro- portion of the others preserved; but the bulk of the catch and masses of broken sponges, coralline polyzoa, large Scyphomedusae, etc., frequently made it impossible to sort the
RM2CEEAMN–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. Fig. 162.—Dead Shells of Globigerina, the Spines of whichhave been dissolved in their fall to the bottom(Challenger). OOZES 223. Fig. 163.—Globigerina Ooze, consisting largely of FORAMINIFERAN SHELLS ( BLAKE).
![. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). 35 55 52 fa *>/ e. V ⢠44 ."â 60 | â¢â¢â¢Â£/"45 *° ,â¢â¢-â ' «° / 3' V. so 49 .â¢' -'49 s ^.--â .'"g"--'??...--''' ^ 60 saj â > J V * ^ 58 /£ s/i *r-& S4 « +7 - ° -6o s? ; 2/ -âHâ< Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PFDNP4/the-depths-of-the-sea-an-account-of-the-general-results-of-the-dredging-cruises-of-hm-ss-porcupine-and-lightning-during-the-summers-of-1868-1869-and-1870-under-the-scientific-direction-of-dr-carpenter-frs-j-gwyn-jeffreys-frs-and-dr-wyville-thomson-frs-lightning-ship-ocean-marine-animals-deep-sea-temperature-deep-sea-desposits-porcupine-ship-35-55-52-fa-gt-e-v-44-quot-60-quot45-3-v-so-49-49-s-quotgquot-60-saj-gt-j-v-58-si-r-amp-s4-7-6o-s-2-hlt-PFDNP4.jpg ". The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). 35 55 52 fa *>/ e. V ⢠44 ."â 60 | â¢â¢â¢Â£/"45 *° ,â¢â¢-â ' «° / 3' V. so 49 .â¢' -'49 s ^.--â .'"g"--'??...--''' ^ 60 saj â > J V * ^ 58 /£ s/i *r-& S4 « +7 - ° -6o s? ; 2/ -âHâ< Stock Photo")
RMPFDNP4–. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). 35 55 52 fa *>/ e. V ⢠44 ."â 60 | â¢â¢â¢Â£/"45 *° ,â¢â¢-â ' «° / 3' V. so 49 .â¢' -'49 s ^.--â .'"g"--'??...--''' ^ 60 saj â > J V * ^ 58 /£ s/i *r-& S4 « +7 - ° -6o s? ; 2/ -âHâ<
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RM2CEEB0A–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. Fig. 161.—Diatom Ooze. (After Chun, from KrOmmelsoceanographie, by permission of j. engelhorns ver-lag in Stuttgart.) 1-5, Coscinodiscus ; 6, Asteromphalus ; 7, Fragilaria antarctica ;8, 9, Synedra ; io, Rhizosolenia ; 11, Chaetoceras ; 12, Navi-cula (?) ; 13, Dictyocha ; 14, a broken Radiolarian.. Fig. 162.—Dead Shells of Globigerina, the Spines of whichhave been dissolved in their fall to the bottom(Challenger). OOZES 223
![. The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. CHAT. IV.] THE CJUnSES OF THE • roRLTFlNE: 173 We took one or two small examples of a very fine ophiurid, of which larger specimens had been pre- viouslv found at about the same depth and tem- perature during the second cruise of the same seas Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PFDNGY/the-depths-of-the-sea-an-account-of-the-general-results-of-the-dredging-cruises-of-hm-ss-porcupine-and-lightning-during-the-summers-of-1868-1869-and-1870-under-the-scientific-direction-of-dr-carpenter-j-gwyn-jeffreys-and-dr-wyville-thomson-porcupine-ship-lightning-ship-ocean-marine-animals-deep-sea-temperature-marine-sediments-chat-iv-the-cjunses-of-the-rorltflne-173-we-took-one-or-two-small-examples-of-a-very-fine-ophiurid-of-which-larger-specimens-had-been-pre-viouslv-found-at-about-the-same-depth-and-tem-perature-during-the-second-cruise-of-the-same-seas-PFDNGY.jpg ". The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. CHAT. IV.] THE CJUnSES OF THE • roRLTFlNE: 173 We took one or two small examples of a very fine ophiurid, of which larger specimens had been pre- viouslv found at about the same depth and tem- perature during the second cruise of the same seas Stock Photo")
RMPFDNGY–. The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. CHAT. IV.] THE CJUnSES OF THE • roRLTFlNE: 173 We took one or two small examples of a very fine ophiurid, of which larger specimens had been pre- viouslv found at about the same depth and tem- perature during the second cruise of the same seas
RM2CEEJ8M–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. Fig. 79.—Eucyrtidium. (From Lankesters Zoology,by permission of messrs. black.).
![. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). CHAT. V.] DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 225 the vanes. The revolving axis communicates its motion to the indices on the dial-plate c, which are so adjusted that the index on the right-hand dial passes through a division for every fat Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PFDNEY/the-depths-of-the-sea-an-account-of-the-general-results-of-the-dredging-cruises-of-hm-ss-porcupine-and-lightning-during-the-summers-of-1868-1869-and-1870-under-the-scientific-direction-of-dr-carpenter-frs-j-gwyn-jeffreys-frs-and-dr-wyville-thomson-frs-lightning-ship-ocean-marine-animals-deep-sea-temperature-deep-sea-desposits-porcupine-ship-chat-v-deep-sea-sounding-225-the-vanes-the-revolving-axis-communicates-its-motion-to-the-indices-on-the-dial-plate-c-which-are-so-adjusted-that-the-index-on-the-right-hand-dial-passes-through-a-division-for-every-fat-PFDNEY.jpg ". The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). CHAT. V.] DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 225 the vanes. The revolving axis communicates its motion to the indices on the dial-plate c, which are so adjusted that the index on the right-hand dial passes through a division for every fat Stock Photo")
RMPFDNEY–. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). CHAT. V.] DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 225 the vanes. The revolving axis communicates its motion to the indices on the dial-plate c, which are so adjusted that the index on the right-hand dial passes through a division for every fat
RM2CEE590–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. MEASUREMENTS OF A FISH 309.
RMPFDNBM–. The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. Fro. 70.—Pentucrinus asleria, LinN/}';us. One-fourth the natural size.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustratio
RMMCTMA5–. Length of Breadth of Length of Breadth of capitulum capitulum peduncle peduncle 6 4 6 2 Holotype Mouth parts: palpus conical with bristles at the point. Mandible with three teeth and a pectinated inner angle. Maxilla I could not be studied in the holotype. Maxilla II with bristles along the whole concave front edge. A posterior lobe with bristles is dif- ferentiated like a maxillary lobe. Number of segments of the cirri II III IV V Holotype 6 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 VI 14 14 Caudal appendage
RM2CEEG59–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. Fig. 101.—Arachnactis. Fig. 102.—Pleurobrachia.(After Chun.) 174 THE FLOATING ANIMALS shore. A few live deep down in the very cold zones ofthe oceans. The Siphonophores (Figs. 96, 98 to 100) are closelyrelated to the Hydromedusae, but most of them havenot the appearance of a jelly-fish. Although some arefairly simple in their construction, others are extremelycomplicated. They usually have the appearance ofa colony of animals composed of different kinds ofindividuals. This group conta
![. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). chap, iv.] THE CRUISES OF THE 'PORCUPINE: 187 Northern Asia, by supposing a migration through. Fig. 36.—Chondrocladia virgata, Wyville Thomson. One-half the natural size. (No. 33, PI. V.) the Arctic Sea. We must know, howe Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PFDNFJ/the-depths-of-the-sea-an-account-of-the-general-results-of-the-dredging-cruises-of-hm-ss-porcupine-and-lightning-during-the-summers-of-1868-1869-and-1870-under-the-scientific-direction-of-dr-carpenter-frs-j-gwyn-jeffreys-frs-and-dr-wyville-thomson-frs-lightning-ship-ocean-marine-animals-deep-sea-temperature-deep-sea-desposits-porcupine-ship-chap-iv-the-cruises-of-the-porcupine-187-northern-asia-by-supposing-a-migration-through-fig-36chondrocladia-virgata-wyville-thomson-one-half-the-natural-size-no-33-pi-v-the-arctic-sea-we-must-know-howe-PFDNFJ.jpg ". The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). chap, iv.] THE CRUISES OF THE 'PORCUPINE: 187 Northern Asia, by supposing a migration through. Fig. 36.—Chondrocladia virgata, Wyville Thomson. One-half the natural size. (No. 33, PI. V.) the Arctic Sea. We must know, howe Stock Photo")
RMPFDNFJ–. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). chap, iv.] THE CRUISES OF THE 'PORCUPINE: 187 Northern Asia, by supposing a migration through. Fig. 36.—Chondrocladia virgata, Wyville Thomson. One-half the natural size. (No. 33, PI. V.) the Arctic Sea. We must know, howe
RMMCTR1G–. Fig. 12. Amphiura microplax, var. disjuncta, n.var. Part of oral side (a) and dorsal side (b). Dorsal side of arm joints from the middle of the arm (c). a, <25; b and c, <20. b, c, drawn from a larger specimen than that from which Fig. a was drawn. separate from typical microplax. But the fact that the latter is viviparous and apparently parthenogenetic—no males having been found—whereas the present form has separate sexes^the males being particularly conspicuous—and is probably non-viviparous, necessitates keeping it as a distinct form, though very closely related to A. microplax. It
RM2CEEF21–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. colourings, due either to irides-cence (Sapphirina, Fig. 114) or to the presence of dropsof coloured fat. Many of the fish-lice belong tothis group ; some are only temporary parasites, andcan swim (Fig. no) ; others embed themselves in theflesh of fish and other creatures, and become so altered,in adaptation to a parasitic existence, that only astudy of their development shows them to be Copepods,or, indeed, Crustaceans at all. The Barnacles, orAcorn-shells (Cirrhipedia), are not prop
![. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). chap, vii.] THE DEEP-SEA FAUNA. 429 the hexradiate type characteristic of this group. Between the two netted surfaces the sponge sub- stance is formed of loose curving meshes of loosely aggregated bundles of long simple fi Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PFDNB8/the-depths-of-the-sea-an-account-of-the-general-results-of-the-dredging-cruises-of-hm-ss-porcupine-and-lightning-during-the-summers-of-1868-1869-and-1870-under-the-scientific-direction-of-dr-carpenter-frs-j-gwyn-jeffreys-frs-and-dr-wyville-thomson-frs-lightning-ship-ocean-marine-animals-deep-sea-temperature-deep-sea-desposits-porcupine-ship-chap-vii-the-deep-sea-fauna-429-the-hexradiate-type-characteristic-of-this-group-between-the-two-netted-surfaces-the-sponge-sub-stance-is-formed-of-loose-curving-meshes-of-loosely-aggregated-bundles-of-long-simple-fi-PFDNB8.jpg ". The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). chap, vii.] THE DEEP-SEA FAUNA. 429 the hexradiate type characteristic of this group. Between the two netted surfaces the sponge sub- stance is formed of loose curving meshes of loosely aggregated bundles of long simple fi Stock Photo")
RMPFDNB8–. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). chap, vii.] THE DEEP-SEA FAUNA. 429 the hexradiate type characteristic of this group. Between the two netted surfaces the sponge sub- stance is formed of loose curving meshes of loosely aggregated bundles of long simple fi
RM2CEE354–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. Hydrometers of allkinds Salt - Water Hydro-meters Electrical AlarmThermometers Sunshine Recordersetc. PLATES and PAPERS specially produced forScientific Photography. Of Dealers throughout the World. ILFORD, Limited, Ilford, London, E. 33 Years Unrivalled Repute. AKTIEBOLAGETL. M. ERICSSON & GO. STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN Manufacturers of Hydrographic InstrumentsSpeciality: Petterson-Nansen Insulating Water-Bottles Representatives : THE BRITISH L. M. ERICSSONMANUFACTURING CO., LTD. Byron House,
RMPFDNG3–. The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. 196 THJ-: DEPTHS OF THE SEA. [chap. IV. ing any urther use of the dredge in the deep water, and after encountering a fresh breeze in the chops of the Channel, on the evening of October the 8th, the ' Porcupine ' anchored at Cowes.. Please note
RM2CEE53W–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. edupon a shape unsuited for pelagic life (as in a flat fish),or for life at the bottom (as in Argyropelecus), as the casemay be ; or, again, by constant captures in surface netsor by some instrument such as a long line, which is notwell adapted to taking fishes in the course of its descentor ascent. The constant presence in considerablenumbers of any fish in trawls fished at about the samedepth raises a strong presumption that such fish hasbeen captured in the ordinary course of fishi
![. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). chap, ix.] THE DEEP-SEA FAUNA. 433 I have already adverted to the danger we run in estimating the relative proportions in which any special groups may enter into the sum of the abyssal fauna, by the proportion in which the Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PFDNB1/the-depths-of-the-sea-an-account-of-the-general-results-of-the-dredging-cruises-of-hm-ss-porcupine-and-lightning-during-the-summers-of-1868-1869-and-1870-under-the-scientific-direction-of-dr-carpenter-frs-j-gwyn-jeffreys-frs-and-dr-wyville-thomson-frs-lightning-ship-ocean-marine-animals-deep-sea-temperature-deep-sea-desposits-porcupine-ship-chap-ix-the-deep-sea-fauna-433-i-have-already-adverted-to-the-danger-we-run-in-estimating-the-relative-proportions-in-which-any-special-groups-may-enter-into-the-sum-of-the-abyssal-fauna-by-the-proportion-in-which-the-PFDNB1.jpg ". The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). chap, ix.] THE DEEP-SEA FAUNA. 433 I have already adverted to the danger we run in estimating the relative proportions in which any special groups may enter into the sum of the abyssal fauna, by the proportion in which the Stock Photo")
RMPFDNB1–. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). chap, ix.] THE DEEP-SEA FAUNA. 433 I have already adverted to the danger we run in estimating the relative proportions in which any special groups may enter into the sum of the abyssal fauna, by the proportion in which the
RM2CEE4CJ–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. ed according to the probable sizeof the prospective fish. A Scotch firm of net manufacturers has kindly sup-plied the following estimate : Trammel, 9 feet deep, barked and mounted on 15-threadrope on bottom, and 9-thread rope on top, corked and leadedready for fishing, is. 5d. per yard. Dimensions : two outsidepieces, 20 meshes deep, 9-inch mesh, 21-ply cotton. Insidepiece, 120 meshes deep, 2|-inch mesh, 36/9 ply cotton. Like other fixed nets, trammels should be used bynight; they are
RMPFDNCE–. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). ^ r-O s e so 4j V. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble th
RM2CEF0NG–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. e atoll, since it is easy to see that anytheory must be capable of explaining the formationof both barrier and atoll reefs. A caution may be atonce issued to the effect that it is unlikely that any onetheory will explain the formation and origin of allcoral reefs ; doubtless as great a diversity exists inthe composition of the earths structure beneath theoceans bed as in the land. As to the formationof fringing reefs and isolated reef masses in shallowwaters there is no dispute, but t
RMPFDNP7–. The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. . Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Thomson, C. Wyville
RM2CEE4JX–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. ms of such nets are locally used indifferent parts of the country for shrimping ; the largeshore nets used for this purpose on the Lincolnshirecoast, which are about iO feet in the beam and haveg-feet handles, cost about £1 10s. complete. 2. DIP NETS. Dip nets are nets mounted on circular rings loweredinto the water by means of a pole, and baited. Theyare left stationary until a fish enters, and are thenrapidly lifted above the surface. Small nets of thistype, mounted on galvanized ir
RMPFDNK0–. The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. THE GOVERNOR'S HOUSE, TUORSHAVN.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the orig
RM2CEED6D–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. Fig. 150.—Doliolum. Fig. 151.—Dolio- Fig. 152.—Doliolum. A.—The nurse form lum. q—-p^e wandering which buds B, C, D. B.—The spoon form. form carrying buds ofD.
![. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). chap, i.] - INTRODUCTION. 23 surface, and when they die their shells settle to the bottom.1 The next high authority who expressed an opinion was Professor Huxley, and he was very guarded. The samples procured by Capt. Daym Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PFDNWD/the-depths-of-the-sea-an-account-of-the-general-results-of-the-dredging-cruises-of-hm-ss-porcupine-and-lightning-during-the-summers-of-1868-1869-and-1870-under-the-scientific-direction-of-dr-carpenter-frs-j-gwyn-jeffreys-frs-and-dr-wyville-thomson-frs-lightning-ship-ocean-marine-animals-deep-sea-temperature-deep-sea-desposits-porcupine-ship-chap-i-introduction-23-surface-and-when-they-die-their-shells-settle-to-the-bottom1-the-next-high-authority-who-expressed-an-opinion-was-professor-huxley-and-he-was-very-guarded-the-samples-procured-by-capt-daym-PFDNWD.jpg ". The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). chap, i.] - INTRODUCTION. 23 surface, and when they die their shells settle to the bottom.1 The next high authority who expressed an opinion was Professor Huxley, and he was very guarded. The samples procured by Capt. Daym Stock Photo")
RMPFDNWD–. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). chap, i.] - INTRODUCTION. 23 surface, and when they die their shells settle to the bottom.1 The next high authority who expressed an opinion was Professor Huxley, and he was very guarded. The samples procured by Capt. Daym
RM2CEF201–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. Fig. 15.—Vertebralina. Fig. 16.—Textularia.
RMPFDNC2–. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). 406 THE DEPTHS OF THE SEA. [chap. VIII. the remarkable conditions of climate on the coasts of Northern Europe are due in a broad sense solely to the Gulf-stream. That is to say, that although movements, some of them possib
RM2CEF62X–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. Fig. 2.—Oceanic or Water Hemisphere. Fig. 3.—Continental or Land Hemisphere. Fig. 4.—The South Pole on the Star Projection of Steinhaus. (Figs. 2 and 3 from Huxleys Physiography ; Fig. 4 fromKrummels Handbuch der Ozeanographie, by permission ofMessrs. Macmillan. and J. Engelhorns Verlag in Stuttgartrespectively.) INTRODUCTION XI LOW PRESSURE AREA.
RMPFDNMC–. The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. Porcupine and Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Deep-sea desposits; Porcupine (Ship). 114 THE DEPTHS OF THE SEA. [chap. III. the corticate type, though it differs from all the other known members of the order in being supported on a long symmetrical stalk formed, as Professor Loven has shown, of sheaves of
RMMCTM8M–. a. Rostrum. d. Maxilla. Fig. 29. Thalassinid D. XVII. St. 406. b. Telson. e. Maxillipede i. /. Leg i. c. Palp of maxillule. g. Leg 2. Legs I and 2 with large chelae, the palm wider than long. Legs 3 and 4 with propod rather broad. Leg 5 without exopod. Epipods absent. Pleopods on somites 3-5 very stout. Uropods large. Callianassa? B.R. IX (Fig. 30) Barrier Reef St. 46. Total length 6-4 mm. Rostrum narrow, serrated, not much longer than antennule. Carapace with small spine at anterior angle and three small marginal spines. Abdomen: somites 1-5 without spines; somite 6 with a small dorsal spin
RM2CEE6F4–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. ing inshallow water can be carried on without difficulty. But in a sailing yacht, whether with or withouta capstan, the rig, tonnage, freeboard, and deck spaceare so important that it would be well to inquirebeforehand from experts what branches of the workcould be most suitably pursued. With steam available for propulsion as well ashauling, oceanic work will be done more easily, andmore can be got through in the same time. It is notonly true that no time is wasted in tacking betweens
![. The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. 128 THE DEPTHS OF THE SEA. [OHAF. III. of 270 fathoms, lat. 72° 31' S., lon§-. 173° 39^ E., " corallines, flustrse, and a variety of marine inverte- brate animals came up in the net, showing an abun- dance and great variety of animal life Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PFDNKD/the-depths-of-the-sea-an-account-of-the-general-results-of-the-dredging-cruises-of-hm-ss-porcupine-and-lightning-during-the-summers-of-1868-1869-and-1870-under-the-scientific-direction-of-dr-carpenter-j-gwyn-jeffreys-and-dr-wyville-thomson-porcupine-ship-lightning-ship-ocean-marine-animals-deep-sea-temperature-marine-sediments-128-the-depths-of-the-sea-ohaf-iii-of-270-fathoms-lat-72-31-s-lon-173-39-e-quot-corallines-flustrse-and-a-variety-of-marine-inverte-brate-animals-came-up-in-the-net-showing-an-abun-dance-and-great-variety-of-animal-life-PFDNKD.jpg ". The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. 128 THE DEPTHS OF THE SEA. [OHAF. III. of 270 fathoms, lat. 72° 31' S., lon§-. 173° 39^ E., " corallines, flustrse, and a variety of marine inverte- brate animals came up in the net, showing an abun- dance and great variety of animal life Stock Photo")
RMPFDNKD–. The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. 128 THE DEPTHS OF THE SEA. [OHAF. III. of 270 fathoms, lat. 72° 31' S., lon§-. 173° 39^ E., " corallines, flustrse, and a variety of marine inverte- brate animals came up in the net, showing an abun- dance and great variety of animal life
RM2CEE9WH–. Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen. Fig. 166.—Leptopenus, a Deep-Sea Coral (Challenger). poraria), both colonial (Fig. 26, p. 90) and solitary(Fig. 166) ; the true corals are by no means confinedto the warmer seas, although it is only there that theydisplay their full luxuriance.Starfishes (Fig. 174), brittle-stars (Fig. 173), sea- 238 ANIMALS OF THE SEA FLOOR.
RMPFDNTX–. The depths of the sea; an account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H.M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' during the summers of 1868, 1869 and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and Dr. Wyville Thomson. Porcupine (Ship); Lightning (Ship); Ocean; Marine animals; Deep-sea temperature; Marine sediments. . Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Thomson, C. Wyville
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