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RM2AJ4BD1–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . eca (1776), and a translation of the worksof Tacitus, which was at once recognized as supe-rior to all previous French translations of that au-thor (3 vols., 1790). After his death appeared histranslations of Sallust (1808), Livy (1810), andValerius Flaccus (1812). DURELL, Edward Henry, jurist, b. in Ports-mouth, N. H., 14 July, 1810; d. in Schoharie, N. Y.,29 March, 1887. His father was chief justice ofthe state, and U. S. district attorney during thefirst Jackson administration. After studying atPhillips Exeter academy, the son was graduatedat Ha
RM2AJ45EM–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . Federalist leader in the senate. The mission ofJohn Jay to England in 1794 was suggested byhim, and by his influence Jays treaty, thoughstrenuously opposed in the house of representatives,was defended and approved by the senate. InMarch, 1790, he was appointed chief justice of the[. S. supreme court, and served with distinguishedability till 1799, when President Adams, on therecommendation of the senate, appointed him,with Patrick Henry and Gov. William R. Davie,an extraordinary commission to negotiate withFrance, the relations between which nation
RM2AJ5983–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . members of the Society ofthe Cincinnati. At the close of the war he mar-ried Catharine, daughter of William Becllow, andniece of Col. Henry Rutgers, of New York, and be-came a physician in that city. He was also pro-fessor of obstetrics at Columbia college, and one ofthe trustees of that institution until his death.—His son, William Bedlow, philanthropist, b. inNew York city, 7 Feb., 1786; d. there, 18 March,1865. His parents died when he was two years old,and he was adopted by Col. Henry Rutgers, hismothers uncle, from whom he received a large par
RM2AJ3P35–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . Efig * ty •RTR-TfaTI &. 3TewSrk.. D. Appleton&Co. FILLMORE PILLMOl 453 woman; with a sunny nature that enabled her toendure uncomplainingly the many hardships of afrontier life, and that her closing days were glad-dened by the frequent visits of her second son, whowas then in public life, with every prospect of asuccessful professional and political career. From a brief manuscript autobiography pre-pared by worthy Mr. Fillmore, as WashingtonIrving described him, we learn that, owing to a de-fective title, his father lost his property on whatwas ca
RM2AJ4ADP–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . residentof the State board of public charities in 1873, presi-dent of the State prison association in 1874, andan active member of the New York Committeeof Seventy. On 30 Dec, 1873, Gov. Dix appoint-ed him a member of -the commission of appeals,which in 1874-5 aided the court of appeals toclear its docket. He is an associate editor of the American LawRegister, pub-lished in Philadel-phia, and severalof his contribu-tions have beenpublished sepa-rately, including Trial by Im-peachment (1867).In 1880 he wascounsel for fiveprofessors of An-dover theol
RM2AJ44A4–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . always had a fondness. Hestudied law in the Temple, London, for two years,and in 1791 was admitted to the Dublin bar, ofwhich he soon became a prominent member. Heearly became a leader of the United Irishmen,an association whose object was to make Irelandan independent republic, and was one of the com-mittee whose duty it was to supervise all branchesof the society through the country. Disclosuresbeing made to the government, Emmet was appre-hended by orderof the privy coun-cil in 1798, con-fined in Kilmain-ham jail, Dublin,and, being prom-ised his
RM2AJ470H–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . alled at his ownrequest. He was then appointed governor-general of Canada, andarrived there early in 1847. Soon after his arrival hesigned a bill providing for compensation to loyalistsin Lower Canada for losses sustained in the rebellionof 1837. This bill had been bitterly opposed, and.when it became known that the governor-generalhad signed it, a meeting was held in Montreal atwhich violent speeches were made. After the meet-ing a mob dispersed the parliament, then in sessionin that city, and burned the parliament buildingsand their contents. The
RM2AJ4WY6–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . DEARBORN DEAEING 117. DEARBORN, Benjamin, inventor,b. in Ports-month, N. II., in 1755; d. in Boston, 22 Feb., L838.He served an apprenticeship us a printer, and afterward opened an academy for girls. About1790 he removed his school to Boston. In 1784,under the signature of A Friend of Industry,he wrote an article for The New Hampshire Ga-zette, in which he first suggested the employmentof convict labor for profit. He was the inventorof the spring balance. DEARBORN, Henry, soldier, b. in NorthHampton, N. H., 23 Feb., 1751; d. in Roxbury,Mass., 6 Jun
RM2AJ40KG–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . I D. D. from one of the universities, and was ap-pointed missionary at Oxford and Radnor, in addi-dition to Christ church. Having been presentedto St. Georges parish, Harford co., by the governorof Maryland, he resigned his former charge on 15Feb., 1718. While on a visit shortly afterward, hewas seized with an apoplectic fit in the pulpit ofChrist church on Sunday, and died on the fol-lowing Wednesday. During his ministry he bap-tized 800 persons, about 500 of whom had be-longed to the society of Friends, whose membersflocked to hear him in great n
RM2AJ2HRN–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . ses, extendingto Continuous Girders and Draw-Spans (NewYork. 1875); and Graphics for Engineers, Archi-tects, and Builders, in three volumes, entitled,respectively, Roof Trusses, Bridge Trusses,and Arches in Wood, Iron, and Stone (1876-80). GREENE, Christopher, soldier, b. in Warwick,R. I.. 12 May, 1737 : d. in Westchester county, N. Y.,13 May, 1781. Be served in the Rhode Island legis-lature in 1772—4, and was chosen a lieutenant inthe Kentish Guards in 1774. In May, 1775, hewas appointed by the legislature a major in thearmy of observation, was gi
RM2AJ3TDX–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . reme that in the building ofthe temple of Los Desamparados, near the bridgeof Lima, he daily carried building material as acommon laborer, and often served as clerk or sacris-tan at mass with Father Castillo. In the earlypart of 1670 the news arrived at Lima that thefamous English privateer Morgan had taken Cha-gres, captured Panama, and sacked the city. Theviceroy fitted out an expedition of eighteen vesselswith nearly 3,000 troops, but it arrived in Panamatoo late, as Morgan had evacuated the city. Laterin the same year renewed rumors of a foreig
RM2AJ42XJ–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . p II., and in 1554 accompanied Philip to Eng-land on the occasion of the latters marriage toQueen Mary. While he was in London news was re-ceived of the rebellion of the Araucanians, a bravenation of Chili, and Ercilla at once joined the ex-pedition against them under Alderete. He high-ly distinguished himself in the campaign thatfollowed, takingpart in seven bat-tles and manyother fierce en-counters. He af-terward accom-panied Hurtadode Mendoza tothe conquest ofChiloe, near thestraits of Magel-lan, and with tenfollowers, on 28Feb., 1558, pene-trat
RM2AJ2P9H–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . in the field on 4 May. During the night ofthe 4th and 5th Grant crossed the Rapidan and en-countered Lee in the Wilderness, where a desperatebattle was fought on the 5th, 6th, and 7th. Grantsloss was 2,261 killed, 8.785 wounded, and 2.902missing. Lees losses have never been reported;but, as he wTas generally the attacking party, heprobably lost more. He fell back on the 7th, andon that day and the next took up a strong defen-sive position at Spottsylvania. Grant moved for-ward on the night of the 7th. As he rode throughthe troops, the men greeted h
RM2AJ5B2K–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . ;. ,».?€* « 0 •»«*. NEW YORKD0 APPLETON AND COMPANY 1, 3 and 5 BOND STEEET 1888 Copyright, 1887,By D. APPLETON AND COMPANY. LIST OF PORTRAITS ON STEEL. ARTIST ENGRAVER PAGE Grant, Ulysses S. Kurtz Hall Frontispiece Dix, John Adams Bogardus Ritchie Face 183 Emerson, Ralph Waldo Munroe Hall 343 Farragut, David Glasgow Brady Hollyer 412 Fillmore, Millard Baker Hall 452 Franklin, Benjamin St. Memin Hall 526 Fulton, Robert West Hall 503 Garfield, James Abram Sarony HaM 599 Greeley, Horace Bogardus Hall 734 Greene, Nathanael Trumbidl Hall 750 SOME OF TH
RM2AJ3RW0–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . urgeon for pensions in 1866, and held thatoffice for many years. He settled first in Hills-borough, Ohio, and then in Des Moines, Iowa,where he devotes himself to the practice of medi-cine. In 1876 he was a member of the Interna-tional medical congress, and he has been presidentof the Iowa state medical society. His contribu-tions to medical literature have been large, and hehas published reports and addresses delivered be-fore the Iowa and American medical societies. FIELD, Benjamin, politician, b. in Dorset,Vt., 12 June, 1816; d. in Albion, N. Y.
RM2AJ412W–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . studyof philosophy, served in the Tennessee senate in1869-70, and was twice nominated for the gov-ernorship of his state, being defeated once and de-clining the second nomination. He was the lastWhig that served in congress. He is the author of Speeches in Congress (Washington, 1857). ETTWEIN, John, Moravian bishop, b. in Tren-denstadt, Wurtemberg, 29 June, 1721 ; died inBethlehem, Pa., 2 Jan., 1802. In 1754 he came tothe American colo-nies, where he la-bored for nearlyhalf a century asan evangelist, as apastor, and finallyas- a bishop of theMoravi
RM2AJ4WPC–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . s ap-pointed post-captain in the navy on 11 May, 1798,at the beginning of hostilities with France, and inthe Delaware, twenty guns, cruised on the Ameri-can coast and in the West Indies, and capturedthe French privateers Le Croyable andMar-suin. il commanded a squadron of thirteen - s on the Guadeloupe station in 1800, andhis discharge from the service, under the stablishment of 1801. engaged in businessin Philadelphia.—His son, Stephen, naval officer, b. in Sinnepux-ent, Md., 5Jan., 1779; d.near Bladens-burg, Md., 22March, 1820.He made a voy-age w
RM2AJ3RMK–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . ip abroadin 1836, and he published Speeches, Argu-ments, and Miscellaneous Papers (2 vols., NewYork. 1880).—Another son, Stephen Johnson,jurist, b. in Haddam, Conn., 4 Nov., 1816, was notthree years old when his father removed to Stock-bridge, and ten years later accompanied his sister,Km ilia, who had married a missionary, to Smyrna,for the purpose of acquiring a knowledge of ori-ental languages. On his return he entered Will-iams, and was graduated in 1837, standing first inhis clas-<. Subsequently he came to New York,and began the study of la
RM2AJ2G9M–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . n, and at one time gov-ernor of Jamaica. From 1766 till 1773 he heldthe office of governor of South Carolina. Duringhis administration, in 1769, the circuit court lawwas passed, and courts of justice were establishedat Ninety-Six, Orangeburg, and Camden. Mon-tague street, in Charleston, is named for him. GREY, Charles, British soldier, b. in England,23 Oct., 1729; d. 14 Nov., 1807. In 1757 he wasaide-de-camp to the Duke of Brunswick, and tookpart in the battle of Minden, in which he waswounded. He was appointed lieutenant-colonelin 1761, and comman
RM2AJ2M0F–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . dam Badeau(3 vols., New York, 1867-81); Life and Public Ser-vices of Gen. U. S. Grant, by James Grant Wilson(1868); revised and enlarged edition (1886); TheAncestry of General Grant and their Contempora-ries, by Edward C. Marshall (1869); Around theWorld with General Grant, by John Russell Young(1880); and Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant,written by himself (2 vols., 1885-6); also variousbiographies and numerous addresses, among themone by Henry Ward Beecher, delivered in Boston,22 Oct., 1885.—His wife, Julia Dent, b. in St.Louis, Mo., 26 Jan., 1826
RM2AJ4MB1–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . ., 1853); Speeches and Occasional Addresses (2 vols.,1864); Dies Irae, translation (printed privately,1863 ; also revised ed., 1875); and Stabat Mater,translation (printed privately, 1868).—His eldestson, Morgan, clergyman, b. in New York city, 1Nov., 1827, received his early education and train-ing in Albany, where he resided till 1842. He wasgraduated at Columbia in 1848, and at the generalTheological seminary of the Episcopal church in1852, was ordained deacon the same year, and priestin 1853. In September, 1855, he was appointed anassistant min
RM2AJ41RJ–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . -in-law, who was distinguishedas a general in the American army during theRevolutionary war. The descendants of Lady Er-skine, and therefore of a Revolutionary general,include the present Duke of Portland and the sonof Lord Archibald Campbell, prospective Duke ofArgyll, his eldest brother being childless. ERSKINE, Ebenezer, clergyman, b. in RidleyPark, Pa., 31 Jan., 1821. He was graduated atJefferson college in 1843, and at Princeton theologi-cal seminary in 1848. In 1849 he was called to thepastorate of Penn church in Philadelphia, and wasordained
RM2AJ4Y9R–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . ent,in his resignation. In his last message to congress, dated 13 March,1805, Mr. Davis, while acknowledging the peril ofthe Confederacy, asserted that it had ample meansof meeting the emergency. On Sunday, 2 April,1805, while seated in his pew in St. Pauls church,Richmond, he was handed a telegram from Gen.Lee, announcing the latters speedy withdrawalfrom Petersburg, and the consequent necessity forthe evacuation of the capital. That evening, ac-companied by his personal staff, members of thecabinet, and others, he left by train for Danville.On hi
RM2AJ2MXK–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . over $450,000,000, the interest onthe debt from $160,000,000 to $100,000,000; the balance of trade had changed from $1:50,000,000against this country to $130,000,000 in its favor;the reconstruction of the southern states had beencompleted; the first transcontinental mil road hadbeen finished ; all threatening foreign complicationshad been satisfactorily settled; and all excitingnational questions seemed to have been determinedand removed from the arena of political contests.Gen. Grant, while president, exhibited the sameexecutive ability as in the
RM2AJ55GG–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . hsix volunteers on board the steamer until she was-disabled by a cross-fire from the shore, when he sether on fire and made his escape to the schooner ina row-boat. He distinguished himself the sameyear on the Blackwater and in the sounds of NorthCarolina. In 1863 he added to his reputation forbravery and judg-ment by an ex-pedition up theCape Fear andLittle rivers andoperations on theNansemond. Hismost brilliant ex-ploit was the de-struction of theConfederate iron-clad ram Albe-marle on thenight of 27 Oct.,1864. This power-ful vessel had suc-cessf
RM2AJ490K–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . 1875he became president of the Atlantic and Pacifictelegraph company, and in 1880 president of theAmerican Union telegraph company. On the con-solidation of these companies with the WesternUnion telegraph company, in 1881, he returnedto the service of the latter company as vice-presi-dent and general manager. ECKFELDT, Jacob Reese, assayer, b. in Phila-delphia, Pa., in March, 1803 ; d. there, 9 Aug.,1872. He early entered the U. S. mint, where hisfather was chief coiner, and by his capabilitiesrapidly rose until he was made chief assayer. Dur-ing h
RM2AJ3M5T–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . University ofClermont. He then studied theology at the Sulpi-tian college in the same city, and became a memberof that order in 1783. He continued his studies atIssy, near Paris, and in 1788 was ordained priest.He was professor of dogmatic theology for twoyears in the University of Nantes, and filled thesame office in the seminary of Angers at the begin-ning of the French revolution. He was obliged tofly, and came in 1792 to Baltimore. Md., whence hewas at once sent by Dr. Carrol as chaplain to Vin-cennes, then a military post in the northwest.Duri
RM2AJ37NN–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . ommittee of ways and means. In reconstruc-tion time-. Garfield was earnest and aggressive inopposition to the theories advocated by PresidentJohnson. Be was a kind man, and not lackingin sympathy forthose who. from mistaken motives,had attempted to sever their eonnection with theral Union; but he was not a sentimentalist,and had too earnest convictions not to insist thatthe results won by so much treasure and bloodshould be secured to the victors. An old soldier,he would not see Union victories neutralized byevasions of the constitution. On these t
RM2AJ34P8–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . d until 1839, when he was elected to con-gress, Uikwij: his scat. 2 Dec, 1839, and at oncejoining Messrs. Clay, Webster, and Calhoun in theirefforts to stem tie- tide of what they held to be thedangerous encroachments of the executive. Mr.Gentry was an original Whig, and remained suchuntil the party ceased to exist. His first speech,which attracted universal attention, was in favor ofthe reception of petitions praying for the abolitionavery. Although himself a large slave-holder,and maintaining that the Federal government hadno right to interfere w
RM2AJ51TH–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . Forseveral years hewas employed bylarge publishing-houses in Phila-delphia, duringwhich he pro-duced the se-ries of drawingsfor the Libra-7. ,jt; ry of Humor- ous AmericanWorks, whichbecame very pop-c^-^p^ /^^^t^^/)^ / ularin the south- ern and westernstates. He re-moved in 1848to New York, where he occupied himself in illustrat-ing Irvings humorous writings. In 1856 he pub-lished a -erics of designs in outline from SylvesterJudds novel of Margaret, wmich met with suchfavor that he was commissioned by the Americanart union to illustrate in similar
RM2AJ4H8M–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . ^-. where Spain could be best attacked, he sailed forAmerica in 1595 with 26 vessels, in company withAdmiral Hawkins. A divided command producedits usual bad results, and their first attempts werefruitless. The Spaniards were also forewarned,and the English expedition proved a melancholyfailure. At Puerto Rico Hawkins died, either ofa wound or of chagrin, and Drake then gained newtriumphs. He burned Santa Marta, Rancheria,Nombre de Dios, and Rio Ilacha; but a fatal mal-ady broke out among the sailors, and as he heardof the defeat of a division of h
RM2AJ4843–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . ster toMexico. He had reached New Orleans on his wayto his post, when he was recalled, in consequenceof charges mad- against him by William H. Craw-ford, then secretary of the treasury. He was againelected governor of Illinois and served from 1826to 1830. See History of Illinois and Life ofXinian Edwards. by Xinian W. Edwards (1870);and •• The Edwards Papers, being vol.iii. of theChi-cago historical societys collections (Chicago, 1884).— Hi- son, Xinian Wirt, lawyer, b. in Frankfort,Kv.. 15 April, 1809. was taken by his father, whenan infant, to Ka
RM2AJ3Y72–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . rfax, b.about 1730; d. inMonteagle, Va., inAugust, 1802, wasthe third son ofSir William Fair-fax, and a life-longfriend of Washing-ton, notwithstand-ing their politicaldifferences. In 1789he became an Epis-copal clergyman,and presently tookcharge of the parishat Alexandria, Va.On Roberts deathin 1793, the title tothe Scottish peeragedescended to him,and his claim wasrecognized as valid by the house of lords in 1800,but he never asserted it.—His son, Thomas, some-times called ninth Lord Fairfax, b. in 1762, d. atVaucluse, Fairfax co., Va., 21 April,
RM2AJ3D9Y–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . bat-teries opened fire, but ceased as soon as the natureof the gathering was known. To Burgoyne theloss of Fraser was a severe blow, and contemporarymilitary writers affirm that, had he lived, the Britishwould have made good their retreat into Canada.It was said of him that he had always shown asgreat skill in conducting a retreat as bravery inleading an attack, having, during the seven yearswar, brought off in safety 500 chasseurs in sight ofthe French army. Gen. Frasers temper was warm,open, and communicative, but reserved in mattersof confidence
RM2AJ3XMD–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . 1821 till 1823 he was princi-pal of the Bridgewater, Mass., academy, and thentook charge of a girls high-school at Worcester,Mass. He next edited the Christian Watchman.*of Boston, which he left, in 1826, to take the chairof theology at the New Hampton. X. H.. theo-logical institute. Here he remained until 1833.when, after teaching school for a time in Provi-dence, R. I., he was elected president of George-town, Ky., college, from which he afterward re-ceived the degree of D. D. The following year hewas chosen president of the University of Louis-v
RM2AJ3YAT–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . red for two years.His health having become impaired, he returnedto the east in 1860, was for a while assistant min-ister in St. Anns church, New York city, and in1862 was chosen rector of Christ church. Here hebegan the introduction of practices not usual inEpiscopal churches, which, after a time, createddisturbance among the people, and the rector feltit best to resign his charge. This was in 1871,when some friends organized a new parish for himby the name of St. Ignatius. Here he was at lib-erty to carry out fully his views as to doctrine andritu
RM2AJ58HD–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . £££^. He was elected to the general assembly in 1750,and in 17(51 Mr. Cruger was a leading member ofthe committee on correspondence, and was asso-ciated in the drafting of me-morials to theking, the lords,and the com-mons, relativeto the dangerswhich threat-en the coloniesto be taxedby laws tobe passed inGreat Britain.Again in 1769he was sent torepresent NewYork city inthe last colo-nial assembly,and was unani-mously chosenspeaker, whichoffice he helduntil 1775. Hewas the firstpresident of the New York chamber of commercein 1768. In 1775, with thir
RM2AJ4MH6–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . N, Alexander S., lawyer, b. in Catherine,Tioga co., N. Y., 15 Feb., 1809. He received anacademical education, and studied law. Afterhis admission to the bar he settled in Elmira, andacquired a large practice. He was elected a statesenator in 1858, and then was sent to congress as aRepublican, serving from 4 July, 1861, till 3 March, 1863. Soon afterward he entered the volunteerarmy, becoming captain in May, 1863, and rose tillhe was made brevet brigadier-general in August, 1864. In January, 1865, he resigned his commissionand returned to Elmira. Su
RM2AJ4DWE–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . is also the author of a History of Alabama, Guide to the MammothCave, Kentucky, guide-books to Blount Springs,Ala., and to various interesting places along thesouthern railways. DUFFERIN, Frederick Temple HamiltonBlackwood, Earl of, British statesman, b. inFlorence, Italy, 24 June, 1826. His father wasPrice, fourth Baron Dufferin and Clandeboye,and his mother, Helen Selina, a granddaughter of Richard Brins-ley Sheridan, waswell known as awriter of proseand verse. Hewas educated atEton, and atChrist Church,Oxford, but leftthe universitywithout takin
RM2AJ59R7–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . e, the latter having beenwholly in my charge since I was eighteen years ofage. The numerous persons in our employ—andthere were in former years from twenty-five tothirty in the printing-office alone—were paid infull every Saturday night. The first large workwe published was Scotts Family Bible (0 vols.,8vo, 1820;. It was an experiment, and many of theolder booksellers prophesied that we should not besuccessful. The result was entirely satisfactory.On 20 Nov., 1880, Mr. Crocker celebrated the sev-enty-fifth anniversary of his partnership with Mr.Bre
RM2AJ4TMK–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . f Pennsylvania, and was annually re-elected till 1830, when he declined further re-elec-tion. In the same year (1823) he was chosen secre-tary to the house of bishops, and re-elected bythem to the office in 1826. In 1827 he was calledto St. Thomass church, New York, the wardenscoming to Philadelphia to deliver the call in per-son. But he deemed it his duty to remain wherehe was. In the same year, though not quite thirtyyears of age, Mr. De Lancey was unanimouslyelected provost of the University of Pennsylvania,which had somewhat declined. At the re
RM2AJ2NCE–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . under the 14thamendment, which guaranteed equal civil rightsto all citizens, and in July, 1870, all the stateshad ratified this amendment and been readmit-ted to the Union. The votes of Arkansas andLouisiana were not received by congress in thepresidential election of 1872; but this was on ac- 720 GRANT GRANT count of fraud and illegal practices at the polls.In the presidents annual message to congress.December, 1869, he recommended the passage of an act authorizing the funding of the public debtat a lower rate of interest. This was followed bythe
RM2AJ35R5–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . /1/T^Z7 7.. Jfcnrziyt^ ^ciXe^f ied law and began practice in Roxbury, Mass., in184(5, was city solicitor from 185G till 1860, andmayor in 1861-2. He was a member of the Mas-sachusetts legislature in 1853-4 and 6, and oft he state senate in 1868. He was mayor of Bos-ton, Mass., in 1871-2, and was elected governor ofMassachusetts in 1875, being the only Democratthat has enjoyed that honor in many years. Onretiring from the gubernatorial chair, he resumedhis professional labors in Boston. GATES, Horatio, soldier, b. in Maiden, Essexco., England, in 17
RM2AJ4YW4–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . h.He lost both offi-ces on account ofhis Federal poli-tics, and removedto Wilmington,Del., leaving hisson with Eliza-beth Brown Win-ter, an aunt, whopossessed a noblecharacter, and wasrigid in her sys-tem of trainingchildren. The boyafterward went toWilmington, andwas instructed un-der his fatherssupervision. In1827 the family returned to Maryland and settledin Anne Arundel county. Here Henry Winter be-came much attached to field-sports, and gave littlepromise of scholarly attainments. He roamed aboutthe country, always attended by one of his fathe
RM2AJ43EF–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . he was professor of chemistry in the College of St.Francis Xavier in New York city, and from 1869till 1886 chemist to the Onondaga salt reservationand the salt companies of Onondaga. In 1886 hebecame chemist to the Genesee salt company, andi- one of the experts for the State board of health,having special charge of the examination of allwine-, beers, and liquors. In 1864 he received thedegree of Ph. I), from St. Francis Xavier. Hiscontributions to chemical literature have beenlarge, but are mostly in the form of technical re-port- bearing on his sp
RM2AJ4XJJ–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . othe Loyalists convention in Philadelphia, and in1875 he succeeded Charles Sumner in the senate,and was re-elected in 1881 and 1887. He has beenchairman of the committee on ways and means,,has served on committee on public buildings andgrounds, and inaugurated the measure by which,the completionof the Wash-ington monu-ment was un-dertaken. Heis the authorof many tariffmeasures, andassisted in theconstruction ofthe wool andwoollen tariffof 1868, whichwas the basisof all wool andwoollens fromthat time until1883. He isalso a memberof the commit-tees o
RM2AJ419N–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . in Havana bears his name. ESPADERO, Nicolas Ruiz (es-pah-day-ro),Cuban musical composer, b. in Havana, Cuba, in 18; He was a friend of Gottschalk and of Fon- tana. and acquired a remarkable mastery of thepiano. Gottschalk says of Espadero: He haswritten with such a freshness of melody, an ele-gance of harmony, a sonority and knowledge ofthe piano, that a prominent place is insured forhim among the multitude of modern composers.In 1*70 Espadero was commissioned to collect andclassify the unpublished works of Gottschalk.Among his principal production
RM2AJ3A0N–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . t methods forthe gradual extinction of the debt. In 1812 hisreport says: The redemption of principal hasbeen effected without the aid of any internaltaxes, either direct or indirect, without any addi-tion during the last seven years to the rate ofduties on importations, which, on the contrary,have been impaired by the repeal of the duty onsalt, and notwithstanding the great diminution ofcommerce during the last four years. The warof 1812 then occurred, and the national debt in-creased steadily until it reached, on 1 Jan., 1816,§127,334,933.74. Afte
RM2AJ4KD5–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . ere received, the brave little armymarched 700 miles to Saltillo, where they arrivedon 21 May, to find the active business of the warin that part of Mexico ended. After 1847 Col.Doniphan led a quiet life at his home in westernMissouri. In 1836, 1840, and 1854 he was electedto the legislature. DONKIN, Robert, British soldier, b. 19 March,1727; d. near Bristol, England, in March, 1821.He entered the army in 1746, was at the siege ofBelle Isle in 1761, afterward served in Flanderswith Wolfe, and through the Seven years war, andwas aide-de-camp and sec
RM2AJ33B2–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . e attention of the rioters wasfirsl called to the house by some one who pointedit out as the residence of Horace Greeley. Afterthe war-he planned and organized a Labor andaid association for the widows and orphans ofsoldier-. She aided in establishing the New Yorkinfant asylum in 1871, and the New York dietkitchen in 1^7o. and has been one of the activemanager- of both these institutions.—Charles,another -on of William, lawyer, b. in Wilmington,11 . 30 March, 1814; d. in Philadelphia, 14 Aug.,L885, studied law in Philadelphia with CharlesChauncey,
RM2AJ3MXD–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . r years hewas a manager and performer. In Boston he setup, successfully, for a wit and punster in the man-ner of Thomas Hood, and relinquished heroic partsfor comic and eccentric characters. Among thesenew assumptions were Paul Pry, Billy Black.Mawworm, and Dr. Pangloss. For ten years after-ward his time was devoted to starring tours in largecities, and monologue variety entertainments insmaller places. He accumulated a handsome com-petence. Returning toward his Newport home,where he was proprietor of a straw-hat factory, hewas lost on the steamer
RM2AJ3KWW–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . he Pennsylvania col-lege of dental surgery. He is the author of astandard work entitled Ether and Chloroform,their Employment in Surgery, Dentistry, Mid-wifery, etc. (Philadelphia, 1851). FLAGG, Wilson, naturalist, b. in Beverly.Mass., 5 Nov., 1805; d. in North Cambridge, Mass..6 May, 1884. He was educated at Phillips Ando-ver academy, and entered Harvard in 1823. butremained there only three months, leaving to de-vote himself to the study of medicine: he. how-ever, never practised. In early manhood he madea pedestrian tour alone from Tennessee to
RM2AJ3TT3–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . ng one of the forty-four northern Democrats that voted against thefurther extension of slavery. This action resultedin his defeat in 1854, when he was nominated bythe Whigs and Democrats against the Know-nothing candidate. The Republicans of his dis-trict nominated Mr. Fenton for congress in 1856,and he was elected by a large majority, servingfrom 1857 till 1864, when he resigned, having beenchosen governor of his state. He heartily supportedthe cause of the Union in the civil war, and stoodfirmly by President Lincoln and his cabinet intheir war me
RM2AJ4JME–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . military acade-my, and on his graduation in 1842 was assigned tothe 3d artillery, lie served in the 1st artilleryduring the Mexican war. being engaged at Mon-and at Rinconada Pass during the battle ofBuena Vista, He was promoted to 1st lieutenant,:; March, 1847, to captain, ?> .March, 1855, and1 against the Seminole Indians in 1856-8.as in Port Moultrie from I860 till the garrisonwithdrew to Sumter on 26 Dec. of that year, andaimed the first gun fired in defence of the latterfort on 12 April. 1861. He was promoted to majorin the 17th infantry on
RM2AJ32BF–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . ity, and again five years in Bos-ton. In 1847 Mr. Gilbert went to London andjoined the company of the Princesss theatre, hav-ing been engaged to represent the parts of old menin standard comedies. His first appearance therewas as Sir Robert Bramble in The Poor Gentle-man. After the close of the London season hevisited Paris, for the purpose of study. In 1848Mr. Gilbert returned to this country, and appearedunder the management of Hamblin. at the NewYork Park theatre. His last performance at thisplace was in the part of Admiral Kingston in Naval Eng
RM2AJ4W1B–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . o England and took the oath of allegianceto James II. He landed in New York, 7 June,1080. His mother had given him, on his departurefrom Caen, a portion of the family jewels. He soldthem for £300, became a merchant, and amasseda fortune of £100,000. He married Anne, seconddaughter of Stephanus van Cortlandt, 23 Jan.,1700. He took a prominent part in public affairs,representing the fourth ward of New York as al-derman in 1091-3, and was a member of assemblyfor twenty-four years. While sitting in the latterbody he gave his salary, during one session,
RM2AJ4D1T–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . cal economywere called. They waged unrelenting warfareagainst the errors and abuses that dwarfed com-mercial enterprise and ruined the tillers of the soil.Du Pont devoted himself to the cause with zeal,and did more than any one else to give currency tothe philanthropic doctrines of the school. Hisfirst important book, De lexportation et de Pim-portation des grains (1764), had a great success.Turgot, then intendant at Limoges, sought theyoung authors acquaintance, and a close and last-ing intimacy ensued. During the next few yearsDu Ponts chief publ
RM2AJ3WM7–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . tothe bar in 1829. Three years later he became amember of the Vir-ginia house of dele-gates, where he in-troduced a measurefor the gradual abo-lition of slavery inVirginia, declaringthat all children bornof slave parents after1 July, 1840, shouldbe free, but the prop-osition was defeat-ed. Mr. Faulknerafter this devotedhimself with successto his prof ession. Heserved as a commis-sioner on the dis-puted boundary-line between Virginia and Maryland. He was electeda state senator in 1841, but resigned in the fol-lowing year. In 1848 he was elected to t
RM2AJ4K9R–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . mistry and toxi-cology in Bellevue hospital medical college, NewYork, in 1861, which chair he has since retained.A year later he went to Paris, where he spent twoyears in developing the use of compressed granulatedgunpowder in fire-arms. The cartridges patentedby him require no serge envelopes as are ordinarilyused in muzzle-loading cannon, and hence no spong-ing of the gun after firing is necessary. Dr. Dore-mus was authorized by the French minister of warto modify the machinery in the Bouchet pouderieso that gunpowder of the American character co
RM2AJ5615–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . with his father in 1839, and for a year was aclerk in a mercantile house in that city. He withhis elder brother, in 1842, joined the communityof Brook Farm, in West Roxbury, Mass., and, aftereighteen months of study and farm labor, thebrothers went toConcord, Mass.,where they spenteighteen monthsmore in a farm-ers family, after-ward tilling asmall piece ofland on their ownaccount for sixmonths. In 1846Mr. Curtis wentabroad, living forsome time in Italyand Germany, andafterward travel-ling in Egypt andSyria. He re-turned to thiscountry in 1850,and s
RM2AJ5672–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . and has made valuable re-searches under the auspices of *Maj. John W. Powelland the bureau of ethnology. He is said to be ac-quainted with more than fifty languages. CURTIS, Alfred A., R. C. bishop, b. in Somer-set county, Md., in 1833. He began his studies forthe Protestant Episcopal church in 1854, support-ing himself during his course by teaching. In1856 he was ordained deacon and sent to St. Johnsparish, Worcester, and in 1859 was ordained priest.At the close of the year he had charge of CatoctmFurnace parish, Frederick co., Md. While therehe r
RM2AJ3F5N–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . use ofiron in the manu-facture of vessels ofany kind was prac-tically unknown atthat time. To Mr. Francis may be conceded thefirst use of iron floating vessels. Another im-provement was added by having the spaces at thebow and stern of the boats made into reservoirsof air, as well as the spaces at the sides, enablingthe boat to sustain a great load in the heaviest sea.In 1838 Mr. Francis invented the life-car by whichto land people safely from a wreck. lie began withexperiments on wooden life-boats, and finally, in1842, invented the corrugated meta
RM2AJ2T6H–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . Id as a hopeless drunkard. Delirium hadtaken possession of him, and, as he used to relateto his audiences in after years, the tools of histrade seemed to turn to serpents and crawl abouthim. Thousands of people have heard him tellhow, in October. 1842. a little kindness shown himby a Quaker induced him to attend a temperancemeeting, to sign the pledge, and to keep it, inspite of a raging appetite for drink. A fewmonths later some of nis former companions in-duced him to violate ln> pledge, and he confessedthe Eacl ;it a public meeting at. Worces
RM2AJ3NMD–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . d gratifying attentions fromthe queen and her cabinet ministers, and was prof-fered the degree of D. C. L. by the University ofOxford, through its chancellor, the late Earl ofDerby. This honor he however declined, as didCharles Francis Adams a few years later. We can not dwell as we could wish on Mr. Fill-mores patriotic attitude during the early years ofthe late war; of his warm interest in all the chari-table Christian work of the city in which he passednearly half a century; of his establishing the Buf-falo historical society; how, as the first
RM2AJ3GW6–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . -tration, and was often a spokesman of Mr. Lin-colns views. On 11 March, 1861, he moved theexpulsion of Senator Lewis T. Wigfall, of Texas.In 1863 he advocated an appropriation for thegradual manumission of slaves in Missouri. In1864, on the question of the repeal of the fugitiveslave act, he spoke in favor of preserving theearlier law of 1793, and thereby incurred the re-proaches of the radical members of his party. Healso opposed the bill granting the voting fran-chise to colored citizens of the District of Colum-bia without an educational qualif
RM2AJ525P–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . there runs through the simpleand lucid narrative an element of beauty and powerwhich gives it the charm of romance. The workwas republished in 1869, with an additional chaptergiving an account of a second visit to California,and some of the persons and vessels mentioned inthe original edition. Mr. Dana studied law underJudge Story, and was admitted to the bar of Massa-chusetts in 1840, speedily attaining eminence asan advocate. In 1841 he published a work onsea-usages and laws, under the title of The Sea-mans Friend, which has been reprinted in Eng
RM2AJ3JD8–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . g the terms offered byPresident Lincoln in 1868 and 1864. After thewar he resided for a time in Washington, D. C, andsupported the administration of Gen. Grant, whomade him superintendent of the U. S. mint at NewOrleans. He held this office till shortly before hisdeath, when failing health compelled him to re-turn to his home near Nashville. Gov. Foote wasan able criminal lawyer, an astute politician, anda popular orator. He had a violent temper, andduring his political career fought several duels,two of which were with Sargent S. Prentiss, onewith
RM2AJ4C8H–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . e engraving, and his inventions includemany appliances, the principal of which, besidethe geometrical lathe, are machines-for engine-turning and transfer presses. He was a skilledworkman of unusual ability, and was consideredcapable of working in twenty-two occupations.—His brother. Asher Brown, artist, b. in Jefferson,N. J., 21 Aug., 1700; d. in South Orange, 17 Sept., 1886, acquiredin his fathers work-shop some knowledgeof the elementaryprocesses of engrav-ing. At first he con-fined his attention tocutting initials onspoons and similarobjects. Hi
RM2AJ4P0J–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . defence ofthe southeastern states, Oaxaca, part of Puebla,Chiapas, Tabasco, Campeche, and Yucatan, tookup a position between Puebla and Oaxaca. Afterthe arrival of the emperor, Maximilian, in April,1864, and during the period of intervention andempire, he constituted one of the mainstays of therepublican cause, through an uninterrupted seriesof difficulties and hardships, and, with an effectiveforce that never exceeded 5,000, composed of troopsfor the most part ill-armed and ill-munitioned, andwith insufficient means of support, he turned thetide o
RM2AJ4PK3–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . missionaries of twocenturies before, and De Smet found it easy to con-vert them. With the aid of an interpreter, he trans-lated the Lords prayer, the creed, and the command-ments into their language, and in a fortnight all theFlat-heads knew these prayers and commandments,which were afterward explained to them. Duringhis journey back to St. Louis he was on severaloccasions surrounded by war-parties of the Black-feet, but as soon as they recognized his black gownand crucifix they showed the greatest venerationfor him. He thus laid the foundation of
RM2AJ40EC–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . ity of Pennsylvania). He was not gradu-ated, but received the degree of M. A. in 1765.He then went to England, was ordained in theestablished church, and returned in December.1765, as a missionary of the Society for propagat-ing the gospel in foreign parts. Mr. Evans pub-lished an edition of Thomas Godfreys poems, witha memoir (1767). After his death, selections fromhis writings, entitled Poems on Several Occa-sions, with other pieces, including one of his ser-mons, were published with a memoir bvhis friend,the Rev. Dr. Smith (Philadelphia. 1772).
RM2AJ3H05–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . ined some distinction asa poet by a drama entitled Tecumseh. He trav-elled in Mexico in 1847-9, and from 1851 till 1858practised law in New York city. He then returnedto Ohio, and edited in Cincinnati the SketchClub, an illustrated paper that was supported bythe artists of that city. He published Malmizticthe Toltec, a novel (Cincinnati, 1851), and Ariel,and other Poems (New York, 1855). FOSS, Cyrus David, M. E. bishop, b. in Kings-ton, N. Y., 17 Jan., 1834. His father was an itinerant Methodistpreacher of Hugue-not extraction. Theson was graduated
RM2AJ4NWP–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . , 1*58. He was graduatedat Princeton in 1789, studied law, was admittedto the bar in 1793, and practised with success inPhiladelphia. In 1805-o he was quartermaster-general of Pennsylvania, and in 180s- 10 recorderoi the city court of Philadelphia. He returned toJersey, became judge of the supreme courtand cliancellor, and was elected a member of thelegislature in 1811-13. In 1815 he was elected gov-ernor of New Jersey, and at the close of his termwas -cut to tla- I. S. senate. He. was repeatedly re-elected, serving from 1 Dec., 1817. till 2 March,
RM2AJ3YAH–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . ce-president of the Americanphilosophical society, and made several contribu-tions to its Transactions, among which was an Account of the Transit of Venus over the Sun.His collegiate lectures on natural philosophy, anda biography by Rev. R. Patterson, were publishedafter his death (2 vols., 1809). and also a volume ofhis sermons, with a memoir (Philadelphia. 1812). EWING, Thomas, statesman, b. near ^YestLiberty, Ohio co., Va., 28 Dec, 1789 : d. in Lancas-ter, Ohio, 20 Oct., 1871. His father. George Ewing.served in the Revolutionary army, and remove
RM2AJ42CR–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . on conceived the idea that was put in prac-tical shape when, in 1854, he presented to EmperorNapoleon 111. plans of a partially submergedarmored vessel, with guns in a revolving shot-proofcupola placed centrally on the deck. This wasthe first suggestion of the Monitor, which wasdesigned and built by him in Greenpoint, N. Y., in1861, for the U. 8. government, under very arbitraryconditions. When the proposition to build this ves-sel was accepted, the only drawing completed bythe designer was a mere outline and section to illus-trate the stability of
RM2AJ4D96–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . Dunlapis known as the founder and early vice-presidentof the National academy of design. Both as awriter and painter he was a man of more thanusual ability; but during a life of varied and am-bitious experiment and uninterrupted industry henever attained financial success. A Dunlap so-ciety was organized in New York city in 1886, forthe purpose of preserving the half-forgotten, meri-torious plays of Dunlap and other olden Americandramatists. In 1887 the society published, for dis-tribution to its members, a small edition of TheFather, one of his co
RM2AJ437P–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . ,and was declared hereditary prince, and many na-tives flocked to his domains. After this time (about1544) he is not mentioned bv historians. ENRIQUEZ DE ALMAXSA, Martin (en-ree-kayth), viceroy of New Spain, b. in Alcanices. Spain.about 1525 ; d. in Lima, Peru, 15 March. 1583. Hetook possession of the government. 5 Nov., 1568.and, on his arrival at Vera Cruz, attacked and de-feated Sir John. Hawkins in the bay of San Juande Ulua. In 1570 he sent an expedition againstthe Indians, established in their territory the presi-dios of Ojuela and Portezuelo
RM2AJ3AK5–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . -infantry. Gen. Amherst, in Au-gust, 1759, gave him command of the Ontario de-partment, and as a brigadier-general he participatedin the campaign for the conquest of Canada in 1759.On the capitulation of Montreal in September, 1760.he was appointed military governor of the city,and his mild administration of this departmentcontrasted favorably with the severity of Murraysgovernment of the Quebec district. The 22d regi-ment was assigned to him in June, 1762, and in De-cember, 1763, he succeeded Amherst as commander-in-chief in America, with headquar
RM2AJ38P1–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . oston, 18 June, 1775. Heranked among the most zealous sons of liberty,and was a member of the convention of Middlesexcounty, in 1774, held to consult on measures forpublic safety and defence, and of the Provincialcongress of Massachusetts of October, 1774, andFebruary, 1775. By this congress he was ap-pointed one of the committee of safety chosen toact instead of the council and governor, who werebelieved to be mere tools of the British. In May,1775, he raised a regiment according to the in-structions of the Provincial congress, and was com-mission
RM2AJ43KE–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . ghts and Duties ofNations ; and Three Orations. ENDICOTT, John, colonial governor of Massa-chusetts, b. in Dorchester, England, in 1558: d. inBoston, Mass., 15 March, 1665. He was one of thesix patentees of the Dorchester company, whichsucceeded, by purchase in 1627, to the propertyand all the rights and privileges that had former-ly belonged to the Plymouth company. Among those who, almostimmediately af-ter the purchase,secured proprie-tary rights inthe company, andwho became re-spectively gover-nor and deputy-governor of thecompany in Lon-don, we
RM2AJ3XYF–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . anuary, 1844, the first express companyrunning west from Buffalo, under the name of Wellsand company. At first the line reached only to De-troit, but the business was gradually extended toChicago, Milwaukee, Cincinnati, and St. Louis. In1845 the firm became Livingston and Fargo, andremained thus until 1850, when the American ex-press company, uniting the interests of severalfirms, was organized. Henry Wells was presidentand William G. Fargo secretary of this companytill its consolidation with the Merchants union ex-press company in 1868, when Mr. F
RM2AJ3PKY–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . nd the ship was won. They sailedher into Boston harbor, and the same court whichcondemned the brigands of the sea presented JohnFillmore with the captains silver-hilted sword andother articles, which are preserved to this day byhis descendants. The sword was inherited by hisson, Nathaniel, and was made good use of in boththe French and Revolutionary wars. Lieut. Fill-mores second son, who also bore the name Na-thaniel, and who was the father of the president,went with his young wife, Phebe Millard, to whatat the close of the past century was the fa
RM2AJ2J2D–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . tafter thirty-three years of faithful service was com-pelled, by the infirmities of age, to avail himself ofthe aid of an assistant (1883). He was among theearliest and most earnest founders of the Universityof the South, at Sewanee, Tenn., in 1860. In 1867he became its chancellor. Bishop Green printeda few sermons on Baptismal Regeneration and Apostolic Succession, and also an oration on The Influence of Christianity upon the Welfareof Nations (Hillsborough. N. G, 1831): but hischief publications were a brief Memoir of theRight Reverend Bishop Rav
RM2AJ52FC–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . ?r. old, appeared in the New York Review, thenedited by Bryant. He brought out his first vol-ume of Poems in Boston in 1827, which waswell received by the critics and found a limitedaudience. Prof. John Wilson, in Blackwoods
RM2AJ52R0–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . bed 230 new species;the Report on the Geology of the Pacific (4to,with an atlas of 21 plates, 1849); and the Reporton rrii-tacea (4to, with an atlas of 96 folio plates,l*52-lj. The<e were published by the governmentin Washington, and only 100 copies of each wereissued. With few exceptions, the drawings in theatlases were made by Mr. Dana himself. He wasappointed Silliman professor of natural history andgeology at. Yah; in 1850, and entered on the ad-ministrations of the chair in 1855. The subse-quent delivery of the lectures on natural history b
RM2AJ2X1G–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . 29); Liv<-s of the Signers (Hartford, 1829;2d ed., New York, 1836); History of the UnitedStates of America (Boston, 1852-5 ; revised edi-tion. 1867); Family Tourist (1848); FamilySabbath-Day Miscellany (Philadelphia, 1855);graphy of the Chief Places mentioned inthe Bible * (New York, 1855); Greek Grammar(Hartford, 1855); Childs History of the UnitedStates (Philadelphia, 1855); Bible History ofPrayer (1855); Great Events of American His-tory: Outlines of Geography; and Univer-sal Traveller.*—Charles Augustuss brother, Sam-tiel Griswold (Peter Par
RM2AJ3EP1–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . ryof Lady Frankland has been versified by OliverW. Holmes, and she is the heroine of Agnes Sur-riage, a novel, by Edwin L. Bynner (Boston, 1887).See a Memoir by Elias Nason (Albany, 1865). FRANKLIN, Benjamin, statesman and phi-losopher, b. in Boston, Mass., 17 Jan., 1706; d. inPhiladelphia, Pa., 17 April, 1790. (See representa-tion of birthplace on page 531.) His family hadlived for at least three centuries in the parishof Ecton, Northamptonshire, England, on a free-hold of about thirty acres. For several genera-tions the head of the family seems t
RM2AJ461F–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . 1780 and1782, and. overcoming his natural diffidence, be-came a ready debater. He was a member of im-portant committees, but did especially good ser-vice on, t he board of admiralty, where he had muchinfluence, and probably originated the plan offitting out fire-ships at Newport. During theBritish occupation of Rhode Island, Mr. Elleryshouse was hurried and much of his other propertyinjured. Tn 1770 he was a member of a committeeto arrange some diplomatic difficulties among theAmerican commissioners to Europe, and waschairman of a committee to cons
RM2AJ347B–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . uresof the administration. He was again elected amember of the assembly in 1819. and chosenspeaker. He was also first judge of Chenangocounty for several years, and was subsequently loancommissioner and brigadier - general of militia.Later in life he became a zealous Whig. GERONIMO, a chief of the Chiricahuas. be-longing to the Apache tribe of North AmericanIndians. As Geronimo had for some time been atthe head of a band of hostiles, Lieut.-Gen. Sheri-dan ordered the pursuit, capture, and destructionof the chief and his followers. The expedition wa
RM2AJ3DJ1–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . no-toriety, will account for my leaving him no moreof an estate he endeavored to deprive me of. Hewas the author of A Humble Attempt at Scur-rility, in Imitation of those Great Masters of theArt, the Rev. Dr. S—th, the Rev. Dr. Al—n. theRev. Mr. Ew—n, the Rev. D. J. D—oe. and theheroic J—n D—n, Esq., being a Full Answer to theObservations on Mr. Hs Advertisement. By JackRetort, Student in Scurrility. Quilsilvania. 1765.A defence of Dr. Franklin, by his son. Printed atPhiladelphia. The initials in the title severallysignify Smith, Alison, Ewing. Dov
RM2AJ36KE–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . ed them with zeal and diligence. Bishop Gar-rett has published several occasional sermons, a Charge to the Clergy and Laity of NorthernTexas (1875), and Historical Continuity, a Seriesof Sketches on the Church (1875). GARRETT, John Work, railroad president,b. in Baltimore, Md., 31 July, 1820; d. in DeerPark, Garrett co., Md., 26 Sept., 1884. His father,Robert Garrett, an enterprising merchant, from a small beginning hadamassed a large for-tune. The son en-tered Lafayette in1834, but left in thefollowing year. Hethen entered hisfathers counting-room
RM2AJ3YP1–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . shed critic, himself an oratorof renown, George S. Hillard, will be found inthe same periodical for January, 1837. We givea brief extract from the latter: The great charmof Mr. Everetts orations consists not so much inany single and strongly developed intellectualtrait as in that symmetry and finish which, onevery page, give token to the richly endowedand thorough scholar. The natural movementsof his mind are full of grace; and the mostindifferent sentence which falls from his pen hasthat simple elegance which it is as difficult to de-fine as it is
RM2AJ35HF–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . rneath. Within themonument, and lining its two stories, are altorilievo decorations in bronze, representing his-torical and allegorical scenes connected with thecampaign of Burgoyne. The corner-stone of thisstructure was laid on 17 Oct., 1877, when poemsand addresses were delivered by Horatio Seymour.George William Curtis, James Grant Wilson. Al-fred B. Street, and William L. Stone. See Stones Campaign of Lieut.-Gen. Burgovne (Albany,1877), and Bancrofts History of the UnitedStates (6 vols., New York, 1884). GATES, Setli Merrill, lawyer, b. in Winf
RM2AJ2R52–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . tplaces. In the simple life of a Highland parish,many happy years passed in Laggan. In 1801Mr. Grant died, leaving his widow with eight chil-dren dependent upon her own exertions. Herpoems, written during a series of years, were col-lected in an octavo volume in 1803, and throughthe aid of the celebrated Duchess of Gordon threethousand subscribers were obtained. This was fol-lowed in 1806 by her Letters from the Moun-tains. Through the efforts of Miss Lowell, ofBoston, and a few other ladies, an American edi-tion of this work was published in that
RM2AJ48P7–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . of transmitting messages be-tween his fathers home in Port Huron and the houseof a neighbor. Finally a station-master, whose childhe had rescued in front of a coming train at therisk of his own life, taught him telegraph operating,and he wandered for several years over the UnitedStates and Canada, acquiring great skill in this art,but frequently neglected his practical duties forstudies and experiments in electric science. Atthis time he invented an automatic repeater, bymeans of which a message could be transferredfrom one wire to another without
RM2AJ3TWJ–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . ; Historical Account of Massachusetts Currency (Boston, 1839); memoirs of Roger Conant (1848),Hugh Peters (1851), and William S. Shaw (1852); Genealogical Items for Gloucester and Lynn(1850-l); The Customs of New England (1853); Ecclesiastical History of New England (2 vols.rBoston, 1855-62); and various addresses. FELTON, Cornelius Conway, scholar, b. inWest Newbury, Mass., 6 Nov., 1807; d. in Chester,Pa., 26 Feb., 1862. He was graduated at Harvardin 1827, having partially supported himself throughhis course by teaching in Concord and Boston, anda
RM2AJ3G2R–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . d in 1663-6 wasconfined in different prisons about three years. Theterm Quakers is said to have been applied to his fol-lowers for the first time at Derby in 1650, in conse-quence of his telling Justice Bennet to quake atthe word of the Lord. In 1669 he married thewidow of a Welsh judge who had often befriendedhim, and whose wife and daughters had become be-lievers in his teachings. In 1671 he sailed for theBarbadoes, where many joined his society. Whileat this place he drew up a paper setting forth thebelief of the Friends as to the fundamental do
RM2AJ3MPD–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . junction with Bishop Ames, hewas appointed by Sec. Stanton a commissioner tovisit the IT. S. soldiers imprisoned at Richmond andelsewhere, to relieve their necessities and providefor their comfort. The Confederate governmentdeclined to admit the commissioners within theirlines, but intimated a readiness to negotiate for ageneral exchange of prisoners. The result was anagreement for an equal exchange, which was carriedout substantially to the end of the war. In 1868 heaided in the election of Gen. Grant, was appointedsecretary of state by him in Mar
RM2AJ4B3N–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . s*y. D., LL. D. (1867; printed, 1871); Henry T.. Tuckerman (1872); and James W. Beekman (1877),were read by him before the New York historicalsociety; similar memorials of John Wolfe (1872)and Samuel G. Drake (1870) were read, the lastnamed written for the American ethnological so-ciety (1870). In 1854 the brothers were againunited in the preparation of The Cyclopaedia ofAmerican Literature (2 vols., New York, 1855 ;enlarged eds., 1805 and 1875). He published Witand Wisdom of Sydney Smith, with a memoir(New York, 1856); an American edition of Will-
RM2AJ4C4R–Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . Smith. He was graduated at Harvard in1841, and subsequently studied law with Gen. But-ler. In 1846, having been admitted to the bar, heentered on the practice of his profession in Boston,and soon became prominent. After changing his name to Durant he was associated with RufusOhoate and other noted lawyers of the time, andwas very successful with cases committed to hiscare. Meanwhile ho became connected with JohnII. Cheever in the formation of the New York beJt-ing and packing company, and also in the punof iron-mines ill northern New York, both of
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