Black rot disease hi-res stock photography and images - Page 6

Diseases of fruits and nuts Diseases of fruits and nuts diseasesoffruits120smit Year: 1941 Diseases of Fruits and Nuts 75 Black Rot.—In this disease, caused by the fungus Guignardia Bid- wellii, brown or black spots appear on the leaves and canes. The berries rot, blacken, dry up, and become hard, wrinkled mummies which cling- to the vine all winter. This is the most destructive disease of grapes east of the Rocky Mountains but has never been seen in California. Frequent spraying as for anthracnose is necessary to control black rot. Bunch Mold.—A gray or black mold often develops in the clus Stock Photo

RMT1H9G5–Diseases of fruits and nuts Diseases of fruits and nuts diseasesoffruits120smit Year: 1941 Diseases of Fruits and Nuts 75 Black Rot.—In this disease, caused by the fungus Guignardia Bid- wellii, brown or black spots appear on the leaves and canes. The berries rot, blacken, dry up, and become hard, wrinkled mummies which cling- to the vine all winter. This is the most destructive disease of grapes east of the Rocky Mountains but has never been seen in California. Frequent spraying as for anthracnose is necessary to control black rot. Bunch Mold.—A gray or black mold often develops in the clus

. The vegetable industry in New York state ... Vegetables; Gardening. Diseases op Vegetables 1327 CABBAGE Black Rot (Pseudomonas Cam- pestris Erw. Smith). This disease is readily distinguished by the presence of brown or black veins in leaves and cross sections of leaf stalks and plant stems. Badly affected plants are stunted and many of the lower leaves may drop off. The disease originates from the presence of a parasitic bacte- rium either on the seed or in the soil. All danger of disease from seed is removed by soaking for fif- teen minutes in a solution of cor- rosive sublimate, one ounce Stock Photo

RMPG2PJ2–. The vegetable industry in New York state ... Vegetables; Gardening. Diseases op Vegetables 1327 CABBAGE Black Rot (Pseudomonas Cam- pestris Erw. Smith). This disease is readily distinguished by the presence of brown or black veins in leaves and cross sections of leaf stalks and plant stems. Badly affected plants are stunted and many of the lower leaves may drop off. The disease originates from the presence of a parasitic bacte- rium either on the seed or in the soil. All danger of disease from seed is removed by soaking for fif- teen minutes in a solution of cor- rosive sublimate, one ounce

. Agriculture for southern schools. rs through theyoung rootlets of the growing plant. It finally becomesestablished in the potatoes themselves, producing circularblack patches. The disease may even extend its injuriesafter the potatoes are stored. Black-rot is the most de-structive fungous enemy of the sweet potato, but fortunatelyit has not been found in all localities. In order to controlit, the potatoes should not be grown on any field wheresweet potatoes grew for one or two years before. More-over, the seed or slip bed should be carefully watched, forthis disease may make its appearance t Stock Photo

RM2CENE6D–. Agriculture for southern schools. rs through theyoung rootlets of the growing plant. It finally becomesestablished in the potatoes themselves, producing circularblack patches. The disease may even extend its injuriesafter the potatoes are stored. Black-rot is the most de-structive fungous enemy of the sweet potato, but fortunatelyit has not been found in all localities. In order to controlit, the potatoes should not be grown on any field wheresweet potatoes grew for one or two years before. More-over, the seed or slip bed should be carefully watched, forthis disease may make its appearance t

. Fig. 62. — Black-rot as it shows on the leaves. After Anderson. is mildewed soon ceases growth and falls, or develops ir- regularly and fails to ripen. The mildew fungus is strictly superficial and may be rubbed off, leaving a discolored spot. In late stages perithecia may be recognized as very small black bodies, about 0.1- 0.12 mm. in diameter, lying within the diseased areas. The disease develops in most destructive form in shaded, damp, poorly ventilated situations. Rain and fogs favor it, while very dry weather inhibits it. The American vines are less susceptible than the European varie Stock Photo

RMMCKAA1–. Fig. 62. — Black-rot as it shows on the leaves. After Anderson. is mildewed soon ceases growth and falls, or develops ir- regularly and fails to ripen. The mildew fungus is strictly superficial and may be rubbed off, leaving a discolored spot. In late stages perithecia may be recognized as very small black bodies, about 0.1- 0.12 mm. in diameter, lying within the diseased areas. The disease develops in most destructive form in shaded, damp, poorly ventilated situations. Rain and fogs favor it, while very dry weather inhibits it. The American vines are less susceptible than the European varie

Diseases of economic plants (1910) Diseases of economic plants diseasesofeconom02stev Year: 1910 DISEASES OF SPECIAL CROPS 81 Buckingham, Mammoth Black Twig, White Winter Pear- main, Winesap, and Ben Davis are resistant, the last al- most entirely so. In general the crab varieties are more suscep- tible than others. Black rot, canker (Sphcerop- sis Malorum Peck). — In many respects this disease closely re- sembles the bitter rot, particu- larly in that it appears both as rot of the fruit and as cankers upon the limbs, each of which is almost indistinguishable from bitter rot upon the similar Stock Photo

RMT1HBF9–Diseases of economic plants (1910) Diseases of economic plants diseasesofeconom02stev Year: 1910 DISEASES OF SPECIAL CROPS 81 Buckingham, Mammoth Black Twig, White Winter Pear- main, Winesap, and Ben Davis are resistant, the last al- most entirely so. In general the crab varieties are more suscep- tible than others. Black rot, canker (Sphcerop- sis Malorum Peck). — In many respects this disease closely re- sembles the bitter rot, particu- larly in that it appears both as rot of the fruit and as cankers upon the limbs, each of which is almost indistinguishable from bitter rot upon the similar

. Diseases of truck crops and their control . Vegetables. Fig. 26. Sweet Potato Diseases. a. Black rot at place of a bruise, b. black shank, c. showing a pycnidium of the black rot fungus, d.- dry rot, e. cross section through /, to show the effect of the disease on the root, /. Java black rot surface view, showing strings of spores oozing out from the center of spot, g. cross section through diseased sweet potato root to show pycnidia of the fungus Diplodia tubericola.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - Stock Photo

RMPG4CPY–. Diseases of truck crops and their control . Vegetables. Fig. 26. Sweet Potato Diseases. a. Black rot at place of a bruise, b. black shank, c. showing a pycnidium of the black rot fungus, d.- dry rot, e. cross section through /, to show the effect of the disease on the root, /. Java black rot surface view, showing strings of spores oozing out from the center of spot, g. cross section through diseased sweet potato root to show pycnidia of the fungus Diplodia tubericola.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability -

. [Fruit culture]. Fig. 44 nose does not spread as rapidly as some other vineyard diseases,neither does it yield as readily to treatment. Treatment.—When a vineyard is badly infected with anthrac-nose, prompt attention and careful treatment are necessary tocontrol the disease. It cannot be satisfactorily controlled byBordeaux mixture alone. It is suggested that in addition to theBordeaux treatment recommended for black rot, a warm satu-rated solution of iron sulphate be applied in spring when the § 13 GRAPE CULTURE 63 buds are swelling but before they begin to open. Before thesolution is appli Stock Photo

RM2CF6D90–. [Fruit culture]. Fig. 44 nose does not spread as rapidly as some other vineyard diseases,neither does it yield as readily to treatment. Treatment.—When a vineyard is badly infected with anthrac-nose, prompt attention and careful treatment are necessary tocontrol the disease. It cannot be satisfactorily controlled byBordeaux mixture alone. It is suggested that in addition to theBordeaux treatment recommended for black rot, a warm satu-rated solution of iron sulphate be applied in spring when the § 13 GRAPE CULTURE 63 buds are swelling but before they begin to open. Before thesolution is appli

RMMCKB0X–. Fig. 62. — Black-rot as it shows on the leaves. After Anderson. is mildewed soon ceases growth and falls, or develops ir- regularly and fails to ripen. The mildew fungus is strictly superficial and may be rubbed off, leaving a discolored spot. In late stages perithecia may be recognized as very small black bodies, about 0.1- 0.12 mm. in diameter, lying within the diseased areas. The disease develops in most destructive form in shaded, damp, poorly ventilated situations. Rain and fogs favor it, while very dry weather inhibits it. The American vines are less susceptible than the European varie

Diseases of truck crops and Diseases of truck crops and their control diseasesoftruckc00taubuoft Year: [1918] Fig. 26. Sweet Potato Diseases. a. Black rot at place of a bruise, 6. black shank, c. showing a pycnidium of the black rot fungus, d. dry rot, e. cross section throug'i /, to show the effect of the disease on the root. /. Java black rot surface view, showing strings of spores oozing out from the center of spot, g. cross section through diseased sweet potato root to show pycnidia of the fungus Diplodia tubericola. Stock Photo

RMT1H0C3–Diseases of truck crops and Diseases of truck crops and their control diseasesoftruckc00taubuoft Year: [1918] Fig. 26. Sweet Potato Diseases. a. Black rot at place of a bruise, 6. black shank, c. showing a pycnidium of the black rot fungus, d. dry rot, e. cross section throug'i /, to show the effect of the disease on the root. /. Java black rot surface view, showing strings of spores oozing out from the center of spot, g. cross section through diseased sweet potato root to show pycnidia of the fungus Diplodia tubericola.

. Agricultural bacteriology; a study of the relation of germ life to the farm, with laboratory experiments for students, microorganisms of soil, fertilizers, sewage, water, dairy products, miscellaneous farm products and of diseases of animals and plants. Bacteriology, Agricultural. 322 THE PARASITIC DISEASES OF PLANTS at the same time indicate how conclusive is the proof of the agency of bacteria. For this purpose will be chosen the black rot of the cabbage, cauliflower, turnip, and several other members of the family Cruciferce, The disease appears first, as a rule, upon the edges of the lea Stock Photo

RMPFTPEP–. Agricultural bacteriology; a study of the relation of germ life to the farm, with laboratory experiments for students, microorganisms of soil, fertilizers, sewage, water, dairy products, miscellaneous farm products and of diseases of animals and plants. Bacteriology, Agricultural. 322 THE PARASITIC DISEASES OF PLANTS at the same time indicate how conclusive is the proof of the agency of bacteria. For this purpose will be chosen the black rot of the cabbage, cauliflower, turnip, and several other members of the family Cruciferce, The disease appears first, as a rule, upon the edges of the lea

. The American fruit culturist. ble in the mar-kets. Should the Bordeauxonly be used it can be re-moved from the fruit by dip-ping in a very weak solutionof vinegar. The bagging ofthe clusters while quite smallwill prevent the access of thegerms and help to save thefruit, and protect them aswell from the loss of the deli-cate bloom that adds to theirattractiveness. The Anthracnose {Sphacelomaampilinum DeBy.) causes a serious disease of the grape, easilydistinguished from the black rot by producing sunken spotsand lines upon the new growth of canes developing a purplishborder and a gray centre. Stock Photo

RM2CEDM2K–. The American fruit culturist. ble in the mar-kets. Should the Bordeauxonly be used it can be re-moved from the fruit by dip-ping in a very weak solutionof vinegar. The bagging ofthe clusters while quite smallwill prevent the access of thegerms and help to save thefruit, and protect them aswell from the loss of the deli-cate bloom that adds to theirattractiveness. The Anthracnose {Sphacelomaampilinum DeBy.) causes a serious disease of the grape, easilydistinguished from the black rot by producing sunken spotsand lines upon the new growth of canes developing a purplishborder and a gray centre.

. Fig. 26. Sweet Potato Diseases. a. Black rot at place of a bruise, 6. black shank, c. showing a pycnidium of the black rot fungus, d. dry rot, e. cross section throug'i /, to show the effect of the disease on the root. /. Java black rot surface view, showing strings of spores oozing out from the center of spot, g. cross section through diseased sweet potato root to show pycnidia of the fungus Diplodia tubericola. Stock Photo

RMMCKWM7–. Fig. 26. Sweet Potato Diseases. a. Black rot at place of a bruise, 6. black shank, c. showing a pycnidium of the black rot fungus, d. dry rot, e. cross section throug'i /, to show the effect of the disease on the root. /. Java black rot surface view, showing strings of spores oozing out from the center of spot, g. cross section through diseased sweet potato root to show pycnidia of the fungus Diplodia tubericola.

Diseases of economic plants (1921) Diseases of economic plants diseasesofeconom01stev Year: 1921 GRAPE The high acreage value of the crop, the long life of the individual vine, the numerous, serious diseases to which the vine is subject, and the fact that it was one of the crops first to be commercially sprayed, renders the grape of especial interest to the plant pathologist. Black-rot I'-isg (Guignardia hidwellii (Ell.) V. & R., Phyllostida). —This wide- spread and exceedingly destructive disease, the first record of which dates back to 1861, has been responsible for the abandonment of grap Stock Photo

RMT1HDYR–Diseases of economic plants (1921) Diseases of economic plants diseasesofeconom01stev Year: 1921 GRAPE The high acreage value of the crop, the long life of the individual vine, the numerous, serious diseases to which the vine is subject, and the fact that it was one of the crops first to be commercially sprayed, renders the grape of especial interest to the plant pathologist. Black-rot I'-isg (Guignardia hidwellii (Ell.) V. & R., Phyllostida). —This wide- spread and exceedingly destructive disease, the first record of which dates back to 1861, has been responsible for the abandonment of grap

. The encyclopedia of practical horticulture; a reference system of commercial horticulture, covering the practical and scientific phases of horticulture, with special reference to fruits and vegetables;. Gardening; Fruit-culture; Vegetable gardening. CABBAGE DISEASES 675 ease. It must be dealt with intelligently from the first, for, once established, the disease is a difficult one to control. Brown or Black Rot Bacterium campestre (Pam) Erw. Sm. Is a serious disease of these two cruci- fers, and attacks others of the family, including turnips. It is a veritable scourge to the cabbage growers Stock Photo

RMPFY1GK–. The encyclopedia of practical horticulture; a reference system of commercial horticulture, covering the practical and scientific phases of horticulture, with special reference to fruits and vegetables;. Gardening; Fruit-culture; Vegetable gardening. CABBAGE DISEASES 675 ease. It must be dealt with intelligently from the first, for, once established, the disease is a difficult one to control. Brown or Black Rot Bacterium campestre (Pam) Erw. Sm. Is a serious disease of these two cruci- fers, and attacks others of the family, including turnips. It is a veritable scourge to the cabbage growers

. Circular. Agriculture; Agriculture -- United States. 4 CKOPPING SYSTEMS FOR THE BLACK LANDS OF TEXAS. it necessary to plow up the field and plant to some cr(){) not affected by this disease. The general knowledge of the beneficial efl'ect of leguminous crops on the land, strengthened by the local experience of increased yields resulting from turning under alfalfa, led to investigations which had for their object the control or extermination of root-rot, so that it might be possible to grow the legumes and estabhsh types of farming which would restore the productiveness of the soil. The first Stock Photo

RMREM257–. Circular. Agriculture; Agriculture -- United States. 4 CKOPPING SYSTEMS FOR THE BLACK LANDS OF TEXAS. it necessary to plow up the field and plant to some cr(){) not affected by this disease. The general knowledge of the beneficial efl'ect of leguminous crops on the land, strengthened by the local experience of increased yields resulting from turning under alfalfa, led to investigations which had for their object the control or extermination of root-rot, so that it might be possible to grow the legumes and estabhsh types of farming which would restore the productiveness of the soil. The first

. Fig. 26. Sweet Potato Diseases. a. Black rot at place of a bruise, 6. black shank, f. showing a pycnidium of the black rot fungus, d. dry rot, e. cross section through /, to show the effect of the disease on the root, f. Java black rot surface view, showing strings of spores oozing out from the center of spot, g. cross section through diseased sweet potato root to show pycnidia of the fungus Diplodia tubericola. Stock Photo

RMMCKWPF–. Fig. 26. Sweet Potato Diseases. a. Black rot at place of a bruise, 6. black shank, f. showing a pycnidium of the black rot fungus, d. dry rot, e. cross section through /, to show the effect of the disease on the root, f. Java black rot surface view, showing strings of spores oozing out from the center of spot, g. cross section through diseased sweet potato root to show pycnidia of the fungus Diplodia tubericola.

RMT1HDYJ–Diseases of economic plants (1921) Diseases of economic plants diseasesofeconom01stev Year: 1921 GRAPE The high acreage value of the crop, the long life of the individual vine, the numerous, serious diseases to which the vine is subject, and the fact that it was one of the crops first to be commercially sprayed, renders the grape of especial interest to the plant pathologist. Black-rot I'-isg (Guignardia hidwellii (Ell.) V. & R., Phyllostida). —This wide- spread and exceedingly destructive disease, the first record of which dates back to 1861, has been responsible for the abandonment of grap

RMPFXM0P–. The encyclopedia of practical horticulture; a reference system of commercial horticulture, covering the practical and scientific phases of horticulture, with special reference to fruits and vegetables;. Gardening; Fruit-culture; Vegetable gardening. 1974 ENCYCLOPEDIA OP PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE Black Rot. See Blossom End Rot, this section. Blight ^ Bacillus solanacearum Smith This disease has caused considerable injury South. E. F. Smith has fully de- scribed the disease and recommended as precautions against it an early and com- plete destruction of insect pests, and the removal of any diseas

RMRD8TYM–. The encyclopedia of practical horticulture; a reference system of commercial horticulture, covering the practical and scientific phases of horticulture, with special reference to fruits and vegetables;. Gardening; Fruit-culture; Vegetable gardening. 448 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE Hampshire. It is dark brown or black in color and the affected tissue com- paratively firm. It is thus readily dis- tinguished from the soft rots. It may start on any part of the fruit, but often begins at the blossom and frequently follows insect stings. The disease is primarily a rot of ripe fruit, but

. Fig. 95.—Cabbage leaf showing an incipient stage of black rot. The disease, which enters at the ends of the veins, is progressing toward the base of the leaf. After Stewart and Harding. 1 Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1895, p. Sta. Bui. 65, p. 10, February, 1898. 93; cited in Wis. Agr. Exp. Stock Photo

RMMCKA3R–. Fig. 95.—Cabbage leaf showing an incipient stage of black rot. The disease, which enters at the ends of the veins, is progressing toward the base of the leaf. After Stewart and Harding. 1 Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1895, p. Sta. Bui. 65, p. 10, February, 1898. 93; cited in Wis. Agr. Exp.

Diseases of economic plants (1921) Diseases of economic plants diseasesofeconom01stev Year: 1921 128 Diseases of Economic Plants America as early as 1834, and was carried to Europe about 1878. It is now general both in Europe and the United States. Anthracnose ' {Gloeosporium ampelophagumSsiCC.).— This anthracnose, probably introduced into America from Europe prior to 1880, is now widely distributed throughout Fig, 66, — Anthracnose on the fruit. After Paddock. grape-growing sections and is the fourth disease in impor- tance. While not usually so destructive as black-rot or brown-rot, it Stock Photo

RMT1HEFC–Diseases of economic plants (1921) Diseases of economic plants diseasesofeconom01stev Year: 1921 128 Diseases of Economic Plants America as early as 1834, and was carried to Europe about 1878. It is now general both in Europe and the United States. Anthracnose ' {Gloeosporium ampelophagumSsiCC.).— This anthracnose, probably introduced into America from Europe prior to 1880, is now widely distributed throughout Fig, 66, — Anthracnose on the fruit. After Paddock. grape-growing sections and is the fourth disease in impor- tance. While not usually so destructive as black-rot or brown-rot, it

. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. 226 DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS CELERY Leaf spot, early blight, cercosporose {Cercospora Apii Ft.). — The leaf spot is common in both Europe and America, constituting probably the most destructive disease to which the celery plant is subject. It is known from. Fig. 106. —• Cauliflower affected with black rot, (Pseudomonose). Original. Colorado to New Jersey. In Florida in 1906 it is said to have injured 80 per cent of the crop. The crop is largely reduced, and the unsightUness of the spots injures the salability of the product. The spots appear f Stock Photo

RMPG4EMD–. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. 226 DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS CELERY Leaf spot, early blight, cercosporose {Cercospora Apii Ft.). — The leaf spot is common in both Europe and America, constituting probably the most destructive disease to which the celery plant is subject. It is known from. Fig. 106. —• Cauliflower affected with black rot, (Pseudomonose). Original. Colorado to New Jersey. In Florida in 1906 it is said to have injured 80 per cent of the crop. The crop is largely reduced, and the unsightUness of the spots injures the salability of the product. The spots appear f

$. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. 378 THALLOPHYTES Other Ascomycetes. — A study of a few types of the Ascomy- cetes has given a general notion of their habits but no notion at all of their extensive number. However, with this general acquaintance, other forms can be easily understood. Some other common destructive forms are the Apple and Pear Scab^ (Fig. 330), the Bitter Rot of Apples ^ {Fig. 331), Peach Mildew,^ Black. Fig. 330. — Apple attacked by Scab, Venturia Pond. Photographed by Whetzel. Rot of Grapes,'* and the Wilt disease of Cotton, Watermelons, and Cowpeas,^ etc. Summary Stock Photo$

RMRDED3F–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. 378 THALLOPHYTES Other Ascomycetes. — A study of a few types of the Ascomy- cetes has given a general notion of their habits but no notion at all of their extensive number. However, with this general acquaintance, other forms can be easily understood. Some other common destructive forms are the Apple and Pear Scab^ (Fig. 330), the Bitter Rot of Apples ^ {Fig. 331), Peach Mildew,^ Black. Fig. 330. — Apple attacked by Scab, Venturia Pond. Photographed by Whetzel. Rot of Grapes,'* and the Wilt disease of Cotton, Watermelons, and Cowpeas,^ etc. Summary

. I Fig. 95.—-Cabbage leaf sho-R-ing an incipient stage of black rot. The disease, which enters at the ends of the veins, is progressing toward the base of the leaf. After Stewart and Harding. ' Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1895, Sta. Bui. 65, p. 10, February, 1898. p. 93; cited in Wis. Agr. Exp. Stock Photo

RMMCKAY2–. I Fig. 95.—-Cabbage leaf sho-R-ing an incipient stage of black rot. The disease, which enters at the ends of the veins, is progressing toward the base of the leaf. After Stewart and Harding. ' Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1895, Sta. Bui. 65, p. 10, February, 1898. p. 93; cited in Wis. Agr. Exp.

Diseases of flowers and other Diseases of flowers and other ornamentals diseasesofflower118smit Year: 1940 70 California Agricultural Extension Service [Cir. 118 ganism responsible for this disease closely resembles Phytomonas cam- pestris, the cause of black rot of crucifers, but cross inoculations have not been successful. This disease has been effectively prevented by immersing the seed in water at 127.4° Fahrenheit (53° Centigrade) for 10 minutes and then Fig. 31.—A, Effect of mosaic disease of stock on flowers; B, Normal flower. drying, just before planting. Stocks should not be plan Stock Photo

RMT1H945–Diseases of flowers and other Diseases of flowers and other ornamentals diseasesofflower118smit Year: 1940 70 California Agricultural Extension Service [Cir. 118 ganism responsible for this disease closely resembles Phytomonas cam- pestris, the cause of black rot of crucifers, but cross inoculations have not been successful. This disease has been effectively prevented by immersing the seed in water at 127.4° Fahrenheit (53° Centigrade) for 10 minutes and then Fig. 31.—A, Effect of mosaic disease of stock on flowers; B, Normal flower. drying, just before planting. Stocks should not be plan

. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. 72 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES White Heart-Rot Caused by Fames igniarius (Fries) Gillet This disease is far more important in the forest than in the orchard. Among some of the trees attacked, besides the apple, are beech, aspen, balm-of-Gilead, willow, sugar maple, red maple, striped maple, silver maple, yellow birch, butter- nut, black walnut, oak and hickory. Most destruction is wrought in the beech and aspen. But as an apple- tree heart disease, white heart-rot is perhaps the most prevalent and the most destructive trouble of this type. Although this disease Stock Photo

RMPG4186–. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. 72 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES White Heart-Rot Caused by Fames igniarius (Fries) Gillet This disease is far more important in the forest than in the orchard. Among some of the trees attacked, besides the apple, are beech, aspen, balm-of-Gilead, willow, sugar maple, red maple, striped maple, silver maple, yellow birch, butter- nut, black walnut, oak and hickory. Most destruction is wrought in the beech and aspen. But as an apple- tree heart disease, white heart-rot is perhaps the most prevalent and the most destructive trouble of this type. Although this disease

. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. 378 THALL0PHYTE8 Other Ascomycetes. — A study of a few types of the Ascomy- cetes has given a general notion of their habits but no notion at all of their extensive number. However, with this general acquaintance, other forms can be easily understood. Some otha: common destructive forms are the Apple and Pear Scab * (Fig. 330), the Bitter Rot of Apples'^ (Fig. 331), Peach Mildew,* Black. Fig. 330. — Apple attacked by Scab, Venturia Pond. Photographed by Whetzel. Rot of Grapes,^ and the Wilt disease of Cotton, Watermelons, and Cowpeas,^ etc. Sum Stock Photo

RMRDWD1X–. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. 378 THALL0PHYTE8 Other Ascomycetes. — A study of a few types of the Ascomy- cetes has given a general notion of their habits but no notion at all of their extensive number. However, with this general acquaintance, other forms can be easily understood. Some otha: common destructive forms are the Apple and Pear Scab * (Fig. 330), the Bitter Rot of Apples'^ (Fig. 331), Peach Mildew,* Black. Fig. 330. — Apple attacked by Scab, Venturia Pond. Photographed by Whetzel. Rot of Grapes,^ and the Wilt disease of Cotton, Watermelons, and Cowpeas,^ etc. Sum

. Fig. 65. — Youiu Niagara clusters attacked by downy-mildew. After Lodeman. wrinkled, but does not become hard and dry, as in the case of the black-rot. The disease is usually more troublesome in the early part of the season than in autumn. Effective management requires early Bordeaux spraying, just before the blossoms open, and often it will be found advantageous to protect the leaves by two to five additional sprayings at intervals of about two weeks. This disease was noted in Stock Photo

RMMCKB0P–. Fig. 65. — Youiu Niagara clusters attacked by downy-mildew. After Lodeman. wrinkled, but does not become hard and dry, as in the case of the black-rot. The disease is usually more troublesome in the early part of the season than in autumn. Effective management requires early Bordeaux spraying, just before the blossoms open, and often it will be found advantageous to protect the leaves by two to five additional sprayings at intervals of about two weeks. This disease was noted in

Elementary principles of agriculture Elementary principles of agriculture : a text book for the common schools . elementaryprinci02ferg Year: 1913 Fungus Diseases of Plants 153 disease. The agricultural experiment station bulletins and special books on spraying will supply full informa- tion. 221. Diseases of Orchard Fruits, such as brown rot of peaches and plums (Fig. 91); mildew and black-rot of grapes (Fig. 92) and other common diseases are con- trolled by spraying with Bordeaux mixture. The first Fig. 93. The apple scab may be prevented by spraying. From Cornell University Junior Natu Stock Photo

RMRYR6BF–Elementary principles of agriculture Elementary principles of agriculture : a text book for the common schools . elementaryprinci02ferg Year: 1913 Fungus Diseases of Plants 153 disease. The agricultural experiment station bulletins and special books on spraying will supply full informa- tion. 221. Diseases of Orchard Fruits, such as brown rot of peaches and plums (Fig. 91); mildew and black-rot of grapes (Fig. 92) and other common diseases are con- trolled by spraying with Bordeaux mixture. The first Fig. 93. The apple scab may be prevented by spraying. From Cornell University Junior Natu

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 242 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE oculations under all conceivable conditions, failed utterly of posi- tive results. From the Caucasus Prillieux and Delacroix "^ have described a Guignardia causing a black rot of grapes which is regarded as distinct from the usual American form, differing both in the peri- thecial and conidial stages. This is called G. baccae (Cav.) Jacz. Its conidial form Phoma reniformis eventually covers the whole berry with pustules. Two kinds of pycnidia are described. G. vaccinii Sh."^- " Stock Photo

RMPG46F6–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 242 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE oculations under all conceivable conditions, failed utterly of posi- tive results. From the Caucasus Prillieux and Delacroix "^ have described a Guignardia causing a black rot of grapes which is regarded as distinct from the usual American form, differing both in the peri- thecial and conidial stages. This is called G. baccae (Cav.) Jacz. Its conidial form Phoma reniformis eventually covers the whole berry with pustules. Two kinds of pycnidia are described. G. vaccinii Sh."^- "

. Strawberry-growing. Strawberries. 272 Strawherry-Grovoing Root-rot. Some years, especially from 1902 to 1908, the root-rot or "black root" has been serious, mainly in New York, Michigan and Massa- chusetts. When the berries are about half grown the plants wilt and turn yellow; the roots are decayed. Most of this trouble is due to winter injury, but a bacterial disease is associated with it in some cases. Poor culture, lack of fertility, the crowding of plants in the row, insufficient mulching and wet land are favorable for this trouble. INJUKIOUS INSECTS AND THEIR CONTROL Weevil (A Stock Photo

RMRDPCY9–. Strawberry-growing. Strawberries. 272 Strawherry-Grovoing Root-rot. Some years, especially from 1902 to 1908, the root-rot or "black root" has been serious, mainly in New York, Michigan and Massa- chusetts. When the berries are about half grown the plants wilt and turn yellow; the roots are decayed. Most of this trouble is due to winter injury, but a bacterial disease is associated with it in some cases. Poor culture, lack of fertility, the crowding of plants in the row, insufficient mulching and wet land are favorable for this trouble. INJUKIOUS INSECTS AND THEIR CONTROL Weevil (A

. GRAPE The high acreage value of the crop, the long life of the individual vine, the numerous, serious diseases to which the vine is subject, and the fact that it was one of the crops first to be commercially sprayed, renders the grape of especial interest to the plant pathologist. Black-rot I'^^-isg (Guignardia hidwellii (Ell.) V. & R., Phyllostida). —This wide- spread and exceedingly destructive disease, the first record of which dates back to 1861, has been responsible for the abandonment of grape culture in many sections of the country. It is of general distribution throughout the Uni Stock Photo

RMMCKAA5–. GRAPE The high acreage value of the crop, the long life of the individual vine, the numerous, serious diseases to which the vine is subject, and the fact that it was one of the crops first to be commercially sprayed, renders the grape of especial interest to the plant pathologist. Black-rot I'^^-isg (Guignardia hidwellii (Ell.) V. & R., Phyllostida). —This wide- spread and exceedingly destructive disease, the first record of which dates back to 1861, has been responsible for the abandonment of grape culture in many sections of the country. It is of general distribution throughout the Uni

Diseases of deciduous forest trees Diseases of deciduous forest trees diseasesofdecidu149vons Year: 1909 DISEASES CAUSED BY WOUND FUNGI. 41 SOFT ROT OF OAKS CAUSED BY POLYPOKUS OBTUSUS. A number of species of the black oaks, notably Qucrcus marilandica Muench. and Q. velutina Lam., are affected with a disease of the heart- wood which has been determined by Spaulding (94) to be due to Poly- porus obtusus Berk. Diseased trees have been found in the eastern part of the United States, and notably in the central Mississippi Val- lev; a large number of trees are usually found affected in a localit Stock Photo

RMT1H708–Diseases of deciduous forest trees Diseases of deciduous forest trees diseasesofdecidu149vons Year: 1909 DISEASES CAUSED BY WOUND FUNGI. 41 SOFT ROT OF OAKS CAUSED BY POLYPOKUS OBTUSUS. A number of species of the black oaks, notably Qucrcus marilandica Muench. and Q. velutina Lam., are affected with a disease of the heart- wood which has been determined by Spaulding (94) to be due to Poly- porus obtusus Berk. Diseased trees have been found in the eastern part of the United States, and notably in the central Mississippi Val- lev; a large number of trees are usually found affected in a localit

. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. 344 Minnesota Plant Diseases. Allowing these plants to remain on the field only increases the danger. It has been found possible and profitable to attempt. Fig. 177.—Black rot of cabbage. Cabbage heads, apparently sound, are attacked by the rot. The progress of the disease is seen in the blackened parts of the stems and leaves. After H. L. Russell. a control of the disease in its early stages by a close inspection of the young plants and by picking off the infected leaves.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may Stock Photo

RMPG4EMW–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. 344 Minnesota Plant Diseases. Allowing these plants to remain on the field only increases the danger. It has been found possible and profitable to attempt. Fig. 177.—Black rot of cabbage. Cabbage heads, apparently sound, are attacked by the rot. The progress of the disease is seen in the blackened parts of the stems and leaves. After H. L. Russell. a control of the disease in its early stages by a close inspection of the young plants and by picking off the infected leaves.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 661 Soon the sclerotia form as mustard-seed-like bodies. They are produced in great abundance on all media but neither these struc- tures nor the mycelium have yet been seen to bear spores of any kind. The fungus was first studied by Halsted =' and later by many others. It was described and named by Saccardo from speci- mens communicated by Stevens. S. cepivorum Berk. Minute, spherical, gregarious, black. It is found on various species of Allium, causing rot.. Fig. 447.—S. roUsii, sclerotia. Afte Stock Photo

RMRDE4RD–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 661 Soon the sclerotia form as mustard-seed-like bodies. They are produced in great abundance on all media but neither these struc- tures nor the mycelium have yet been seen to bear spores of any kind. The fungus was first studied by Halsted =' and later by many others. It was described and named by Saccardo from speci- mens communicated by Stevens. S. cepivorum Berk. Minute, spherical, gregarious, black. It is found on various species of Allium, causing rot.. Fig. 447.—S. roUsii, sclerotia. Afte

. Fig. 65. — Young Niagara clusters attacked l)y downy-uiildew. After Lodeman. wrinkled, but does not become hard and dry, as in the case of the black-rot. The disease is usually more troublesome in the early part of the season than in autumn. Effective management requires early Bordeaux spraying, just before the blossoms open, and often it will be found advantageous to protect the leaves by two to five additional sprayings at intervals of about two weeks. This disease was noted in Stock Photo

RMMCKA9K–. Fig. 65. — Young Niagara clusters attacked l)y downy-uiildew. After Lodeman. wrinkled, but does not become hard and dry, as in the case of the black-rot. The disease is usually more troublesome in the early part of the season than in autumn. Effective management requires early Bordeaux spraying, just before the blossoms open, and often it will be found advantageous to protect the leaves by two to five additional sprayings at intervals of about two weeks. This disease was noted in

Diseases of deciduous forest trees Diseases of deciduous forest trees diseasesofdecidu00schruoft Year: 1909 DISEASES CAUSED BY WOUND FUNGI. 41 SOFT ROT OF OAKS CAUSED BY POLYPORUS OBTUSUS. A number of species of the black oaks, notably Quercus marilandica Muench. and Q. velutina Lam., are affected with a disease of the heart- wood which has been determined by Spaulding (94) to be due to Poly- j)orus ohtusus Berk. Diseased trees have been found in the eastern part of the United States, and notably in the central Mississippi Val- ley; a large number of trees are usually found aft'ected in a lo Stock Photo

RMT1H6PX–Diseases of deciduous forest trees Diseases of deciduous forest trees diseasesofdecidu00schruoft Year: 1909 DISEASES CAUSED BY WOUND FUNGI. 41 SOFT ROT OF OAKS CAUSED BY POLYPORUS OBTUSUS. A number of species of the black oaks, notably Quercus marilandica Muench. and Q. velutina Lam., are affected with a disease of the heart- wood which has been determined by Spaulding (94) to be due to Poly- j)orus ohtusus Berk. Diseased trees have been found in the eastern part of the United States, and notably in the central Mississippi Val- ley; a large number of trees are usually found aft'ected in a lo

. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. GRAPE DISEASES 233 volved. After about a week the berry is a hard and shriveled mummy (Fig. 59). Although the berries, of all susceptible parts of the vine, are most severely affected, the disease may first be observed on the leaves (Fig. 60). In June or early in July black-rot appears on the leaves in the form of reddish brown, somewhat circular spots. Close observa- tions show that the first evidence of the trouble on the leaves is a slight blanching of the affected tis- sue. The small veinlets form the margin of the spot so that, while the shape of the le Stock Photo

RMPG40B5–. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. GRAPE DISEASES 233 volved. After about a week the berry is a hard and shriveled mummy (Fig. 59). Although the berries, of all susceptible parts of the vine, are most severely affected, the disease may first be observed on the leaves (Fig. 60). In June or early in July black-rot appears on the leaves in the form of reddish brown, somewhat circular spots. Close observa- tions show that the first evidence of the trouble on the leaves is a slight blanching of the affected tis- sue. The small veinlets form the margin of the spot so that, while the shape of the le

. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. 110 DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS Texas root rot. See cotton. Black mold {Alternaria sp.). — In addition to the ravages of this disease as upon the apple, the leaves and shoots are also attacked and the fruit injury is not limited to. Fjg. 46. — Young quinces showing mat. After Bailey. the blossom end. The disease has been noted chiefly upon the KielTer. For treatment, see apple. QUINCE Rust (Gymnosporangium clavipes C. & P.). — The quince rust, spring stage, agrees with the apple rust in general characters. The causal fungus grows upon the fru Stock Photo

RMRDEWYH–. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. 110 DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS Texas root rot. See cotton. Black mold {Alternaria sp.). — In addition to the ravages of this disease as upon the apple, the leaves and shoots are also attacked and the fruit injury is not limited to. Fjg. 46. — Young quinces showing mat. After Bailey. the blossom end. The disease has been noted chiefly upon the KielTer. For treatment, see apple. QUINCE Rust (Gymnosporangium clavipes C. & P.). — The quince rust, spring stage, agrees with the apple rust in general characters. The causal fungus grows upon the fru

. Fig, 66, — Anthracnose on the fruit. After Paddock. grape-growing sections and is the fourth disease in impor- tance. While not usually so destructive as black-rot or brown-rot, it sometimes increases to such an extent as to do great damage, even causing in some instances the loss of all the berries upon a vine as well as much injury to the canes. During damp, warm weather it develops rapidly, affecting some varieties more than others. The Champion and Moore's Diamond may be mentioned as especially sus- ceptible, while the Concord is resistant. Stock Photo

RMMCKA9G–. Fig, 66, — Anthracnose on the fruit. After Paddock. grape-growing sections and is the fourth disease in impor- tance. While not usually so destructive as black-rot or brown-rot, it sometimes increases to such an extent as to do great damage, even causing in some instances the loss of all the berries upon a vine as well as much injury to the canes. During damp, warm weather it develops rapidly, affecting some varieties more than others. The Champion and Moore's Diamond may be mentioned as especially sus- ceptible, while the Concord is resistant.

Diseases of economic plants (1921) Diseases of economic plants diseasesofeconom01stev Year: 1921 Small Fruits 127 Immature berries which are affected cease growing and de- velop the same coating noted upon the leaves, giving rise to the name 'gray-rot.' If the berries are more mature when attacked, they turn brown, thus calling forth the name 'brown-rot.' The berry in dying shrivels and becomes Fig. 65. — Young Niagara clusters attacked l)y downy-uiildew. After Lodeman. wrinkled, but does not become hard and dry, as in the case of the black-rot. The disease is usually more troublesome in Stock Photo

RMT1HEDW–Diseases of economic plants (1921) Diseases of economic plants diseasesofeconom01stev Year: 1921 Small Fruits 127 Immature berries which are affected cease growing and de- velop the same coating noted upon the leaves, giving rise to the name 'gray-rot.' If the berries are more mature when attacked, they turn brown, thus calling forth the name 'brown-rot.' The berry in dying shrivels and becomes Fig. 65. — Young Niagara clusters attacked l)y downy-uiildew. After Lodeman. wrinkled, but does not become hard and dry, as in the case of the black-rot. The disease is usually more troublesome in

. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. Fig. 300.—Some patho- genic Bacteria. a, pus cocci; 6, erysipelas cocci; c, Bacteria causing diph- theria; d, typhoid bacilU. X 1500. Redrawn from Fisher.. Fig. 301. — Potato tuber affected with the Potato Scab caused by a Bacterium, Actinomyces chromogenus. From Bulletin 184, Vermont Agr. Exp. Sta. Black-rot of Cabbage. — This disease occurs on Cabbage, Turnips, and other plants of this family. The Bacteria enter through the openings of the leaf and advance through the vascular bundles. They are able to destroy cell walls as well. Please note that Stock Photo

RMPG4B4X–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. Fig. 300.—Some patho- genic Bacteria. a, pus cocci; 6, erysipelas cocci; c, Bacteria causing diph- theria; d, typhoid bacilU. X 1500. Redrawn from Fisher.. Fig. 301. — Potato tuber affected with the Potato Scab caused by a Bacterium, Actinomyces chromogenus. From Bulletin 184, Vermont Agr. Exp. Sta. Black-rot of Cabbage. — This disease occurs on Cabbage, Turnips, and other plants of this family. The Bacteria enter through the openings of the leaf and advance through the vascular bundles. They are able to destroy cell walls as well. Please note that

. Annals of applied biology. Biology, Economic; Biochemistry. 384 Soil Factors on Disease Resistance a great loss of sugar. This disease is also important in other parts of India, such as North Bihar, the Godavery delta in Madras, where soil- aeration difficulties are common. Some interesting results have been obtained by Clouston1 in the Central Provinces on the effect of the physical texture of the soil on the resistance of the sugar-cane to this fungus. On the stiff black soils, in this track, red rot is common; on the neighbouring open porous bhata soils, however, crops as high as 40 tons Stock Photo

RMRMP04T–. Annals of applied biology. Biology, Economic; Biochemistry. 384 Soil Factors on Disease Resistance a great loss of sugar. This disease is also important in other parts of India, such as North Bihar, the Godavery delta in Madras, where soil- aeration difficulties are common. Some interesting results have been obtained by Clouston1 in the Central Provinces on the effect of the physical texture of the soil on the resistance of the sugar-cane to this fungus. On the stiff black soils, in this track, red rot is common; on the neighbouring open porous bhata soils, however, crops as high as 40 tons

. r^ ^73 GRAPE The high acreage value of the crop, the long life of the individual vine, the numerous, serious diseases to which the vine is subject, and the fact that it was one of the crops first to be commercially sprayed, renders the grape of especial interest to the plant pathologist. â Black-rot ^^^^^^ (Guignardia hidwellii O^ (Ell.) V. & R., Phyllosticta). âThis wide- g spread and exceedingly destructive disease, â := the first record of which dates back to 1861, I ^- has been responsible for the abandonment of grape culture in many sections of the country. It is of general distrib Stock Photo

RMMCKB17–. r^ ^73 GRAPE The high acreage value of the crop, the long life of the individual vine, the numerous, serious diseases to which the vine is subject, and the fact that it was one of the crops first to be commercially sprayed, renders the grape of especial interest to the plant pathologist. â Black-rot ^^^^^^ (Guignardia hidwellii O^ (Ell.) V. & R., Phyllosticta). âThis wide- g spread and exceedingly destructive disease, â := the first record of which dates back to 1861, I ^- has been responsible for the abandonment of grape culture in many sections of the country. It is of general distrib

. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Fig. 177.—Black rot of cabbage. Cabbage heads, apparently sound, are attacked by the rot. The progress of the disease is seen in the blackened parts of the stems and leaves. After H. L. Russell. a control of the disease in its early stages by a close inspection of the young plants and by picking off the infected leaves.. Fig. 178.—Black rot of cabbage. A cabbage leaf showing the manner of infection. Dis- eased area (B) unshaded except the blackened meshes of veinlets. A. A hole eaten by insects. The disease was introducd at this point and spread back Stock Photo

RMPG4EMM–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Fig. 177.—Black rot of cabbage. Cabbage heads, apparently sound, are attacked by the rot. The progress of the disease is seen in the blackened parts of the stems and leaves. After H. L. Russell. a control of the disease in its early stages by a close inspection of the young plants and by picking off the infected leaves.. Fig. 178.—Black rot of cabbage. A cabbage leaf showing the manner of infection. Dis- eased area (B) unshaded except the blackened meshes of veinlets. A. A hole eaten by insects. The disease was introducd at this point and spread back

. Beckert's '48 garden annual. Nurseries (Horticulture) Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Catalogs; Nursery stock Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Catalogs; Flowers Seeds Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Catalogs; Bulbs (Plants) Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Catalogs; Grasses Seeds Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Catalogs. SCALECIDE. Reliable spray for scale and soft-bodied sucking insects. A solu- ble miscible oil that mixes instantly with cold water. SEMESAN. Effective in controlling damping-off, scab, hard rot, etc. SEMESAN BEL. For use on potatoes. Controls such seed-bone disease organ- isms as scab, rhizoctonia, and black- leg. O Stock Photo

RMRJMMR1–. Beckert's '48 garden annual. Nurseries (Horticulture) Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Catalogs; Nursery stock Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Catalogs; Flowers Seeds Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Catalogs; Bulbs (Plants) Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Catalogs; Grasses Seeds Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Catalogs. SCALECIDE. Reliable spray for scale and soft-bodied sucking insects. A solu- ble miscible oil that mixes instantly with cold water. SEMESAN. Effective in controlling damping-off, scab, hard rot, etc. SEMESAN BEL. For use on potatoes. Controls such seed-bone disease organ- isms as scab, rhizoctonia, and black- leg. O

. Fig. 27. — Fly-speck (at left); Sooty-blotch (at right). After Colby. fly-specks, this fungus causes disfigurement of the apple. The generic position of the fungus is in doubt, though it was originally named Lahrella pomi by Montague. Volutella rot^^ (Volutella frudi S. & H.). — In general appearance the volutella rot is not readily distinguished from black-rot, though the texture of the rotted tissue is much firmer and drier. Under the hand lens the sporiferous pustules are seen to be clothed with numerous hairs, which character sufficiently marks it as a separate disease. It has been r Stock Photo

RMMCKAD5–. Fig. 27. — Fly-speck (at left); Sooty-blotch (at right). After Colby. fly-specks, this fungus causes disfigurement of the apple. The generic position of the fungus is in doubt, though it was originally named Lahrella pomi by Montague. Volutella rot^^ (Volutella frudi S. & H.). — In general appearance the volutella rot is not readily distinguished from black-rot, though the texture of the rotted tissue is much firmer and drier. Under the hand lens the sporiferous pustules are seen to be clothed with numerous hairs, which character sufficiently marks it as a separate disease. It has been r

. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. SCHIZOMYCETES. BACTERIA 109 t are affected they may be killed. Any affected plants are prey to saprophytic organisms, and an offensive soft rot is then likely to result. Whether in the leaves or in the stem, the course of the. Fig. 24. A Cabbage Leaf with Black Rot developing from Water Pore Infections. (Photograph by F. C. Stewart and H. A. Harding) disease may usually be traced by a darkening of the fibrovascular bundles. Fig. 23 shows a healthy and a diseased plant, the latter a Stock Photo

RMPG0PRC–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. SCHIZOMYCETES. BACTERIA 109 t are affected they may be killed. Any affected plants are prey to saprophytic organisms, and an offensive soft rot is then likely to result. Whether in the leaves or in the stem, the course of the. Fig. 24. A Cabbage Leaf with Black Rot developing from Water Pore Infections. (Photograph by F. C. Stewart and H. A. Harding) disease may usually be traced by a darkening of the fibrovascular bundles. Fig. 23 shows a healthy and a diseased plant, the latter a

. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. 450 Illinois Natural History Survhy Bulletin Vol.26, Art. 6 with the three forms of the disease, vascu- lar, brown rot, and basal dry rot, have been published by AlcCulloch (1^H4), Massey (1926), Nelson (1948), and Mc- Clellan (1947). The symptoms common to all three forms of the disease are a brownish to black dry rot of the corm tis- sues; yellowing, browning, and death of the foiiage; and browning and destruction of the roots. The three forms of the disease have been distinguished mainly by effects on the corms. In the vascular form of the dis- Stock Photo

RMRGWAPH–. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. 450 Illinois Natural History Survhy Bulletin Vol.26, Art. 6 with the three forms of the disease, vascu- lar, brown rot, and basal dry rot, have been published by AlcCulloch (1^H4), Massey (1926), Nelson (1948), and Mc- Clellan (1947). The symptoms common to all three forms of the disease are a brownish to black dry rot of the corm tis- sues; yellowing, browning, and death of the foiiage; and browning and destruction of the roots. The three forms of the disease have been distinguished mainly by effects on the corms. In the vascular form of the dis-

RMMCKB4X–. Fig. 27. — Fly-speck (at left); Sooty-blotch (at right). After Colby. fly-specks, this fungus causes disfigurement of the apple. The generic position of the fungus is in doubt, though it was originally named Lahrella pomi by Montague. Volutella rot*^^ (Volutella fructi S. & H.). — In general appearance the volutella rot is not readily distinguished from black-rot, though the texture of the rotted tissue is much firmer and drier. Under the hand lens the sporiferous pustules are seen to be clothed with numerous hairs, which character sufficiently marks it as a separate disease. It has been

. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. 232 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES The name black-rot, which is in use in America and Europe, applies to the condition of affected grapes (Fig. 59). 'Wlien the berries are about one-half grown, the disease shows its first symptoms in the form of a blanching. This is soon re- placed by a whitening of the diseased area, which is now more evi- dent. A brownish line appears at the margin, and there results, on ac- count of a light-colored circular disk with an encircling darker band, a bird's-eye effect. Some grape-culturists confuse this stage with the true bird's-ey Stock Photo

RMPG40DN–. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. 232 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES The name black-rot, which is in use in America and Europe, applies to the condition of affected grapes (Fig. 59). 'Wlien the berries are about one-half grown, the disease shows its first symptoms in the form of a blanching. This is soon re- placed by a whitening of the diseased area, which is now more evi- dent. A brownish line appears at the margin, and there results, on ac- count of a light-colored circular disk with an encircling darker band, a bird's-eye effect. Some grape-culturists confuse this stage with the true bird's-ey

. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. 29:^ DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS gradually extend in all directions, involving the whole root. Older spots, 2-5 cm. across, often break or crack irregulurlj' near the center. This deca}^ differs from the soft rot in that the spots are dry and hard and that it is present upon the roots before digging. With the hand lens very small, hairlike, black structures, 1 mm. high, are seen studding the centers of the diseased areas. These are the beaks of the pycnicha of the causal fungus. Upon young sprouts before they are set out tiie disease causes black Stock Photo

RMRDEW27–. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. 29:^ DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS gradually extend in all directions, involving the whole root. Older spots, 2-5 cm. across, often break or crack irregulurlj' near the center. This deca}^ differs from the soft rot in that the spots are dry and hard and that it is present upon the roots before digging. With the hand lens very small, hairlike, black structures, 1 mm. high, are seen studding the centers of the diseased areas. These are the beaks of the pycnicha of the causal fungus. Upon young sprouts before they are set out tiie disease causes black

. fiG. 80. — Two ight, P. digita- is painstaking care in handling the fruit to prevent bruising or puncturing the skin. Black rot (Alternaria Citri Pierce). — This disease was described and its cause given by Pierce in 1902. It attacks only the navel orange, causing from 2 to 5 per cent loss of the whole crop. It is easily recognized by the prema- ture ripening which it induces, and by the deep red color and extra large size of the fruit. The diseased fruits are very conspicuous on the trees before the main crop has colored. The spores of the fungus that causes the decay gain en- Stock Photo

RMMCKB06–. fiG. 80. — Two ight, P. digita- is painstaking care in handling the fruit to prevent bruising or puncturing the skin. Black rot (Alternaria Citri Pierce). — This disease was described and its cause given by Pierce in 1902. It attacks only the navel orange, causing from 2 to 5 per cent loss of the whole crop. It is easily recognized by the prema- ture ripening which it induces, and by the deep red color and extra large size of the fruit. The diseased fruits are very conspicuous on the trees before the main crop has colored. The spores of the fungus that causes the decay gain en-

. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. SMALL FRUITS 169 attacked, they turn brown, thus calhng forth the name " brown rot." The berry in dying shrivels and becomes wrinkled, but does not become hard and dry, as in the case of the black rot. The disease is usually more troublesome in the early part of the season than in autumn.. Fig. 73. —Bird's eye on the fruit. After Paddock. Effective management requires early spraying, though sometimes it may be found advantageous also to protect the leaves after harvest for the future good of the vine. Bordeaux mixture or ammoniacal copp Stock Photo

RMPG4ETW–. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. SMALL FRUITS 169 attacked, they turn brown, thus calhng forth the name " brown rot." The berry in dying shrivels and becomes wrinkled, but does not become hard and dry, as in the case of the black rot. The disease is usually more troublesome in the early part of the season than in autumn.. Fig. 73. —Bird's eye on the fruit. After Paddock. Effective management requires early spraying, though sometimes it may be found advantageous also to protect the leaves after harvest for the future good of the vine. Bordeaux mixture or ammoniacal copp

. Bulletin - Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station. Agriculture -- Massachusetts. 10 MASS. p:xperiment station bulletin 3;. Fig. Jog Construction. Drainage A bog should be well drained during the growing season. Poor drain- age favors weed growth and the rose-bloom disease and probably promotes infestations of the black-headed fireworm and diseases which cause berries to rot both on the bog and in storage. It also curtails the growth of cranberry roots (Fig. 6). The land below the bog should go down rapidly, so that the water may be drawn from the ditches quickly at any time. A ditch s Stock Photo

RMRGN5CP–. Bulletin - Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station. Agriculture -- Massachusetts. 10 MASS. p:xperiment station bulletin 3;. Fig. Jog Construction. Drainage A bog should be well drained during the growing season. Poor drain- age favors weed growth and the rose-bloom disease and probably promotes infestations of the black-headed fireworm and diseases which cause berries to rot both on the bog and in storage. It also curtails the growth of cranberry roots (Fig. 6). The land below the bog should go down rapidly, so that the water may be drawn from the ditches quickly at any time. A ditch s

. Fig. 63. Black-rot spots fiilargccl to show the pycnidia. After Anderson. with the fungus, kill it. Below the temperature at which sulfur is effective the fungus will make but Httle progress. When the air, shade temperature, is from 32° to 35° C. (90° to 95° F.), the killing effect of the sulfur may be seen within 24 hours; if above 38° C. (100° F.), one or two days are suf- ficient to rid the vineyard of the disease. The sulfur must be distributed to every part of the vine. Sulfur upon the ground is of no use. The vines should be dusted from one to seven times, according to conditions, susc Stock Photo

RMMCKB13–. Fig. 63. Black-rot spots fiilargccl to show the pycnidia. After Anderson. with the fungus, kill it. Below the temperature at which sulfur is effective the fungus will make but Httle progress. When the air, shade temperature, is from 32° to 35° C. (90° to 95° F.), the killing effect of the sulfur may be seen within 24 hours; if above 38° C. (100° F.), one or two days are suf- ficient to rid the vineyard of the disease. The sulfur must be distributed to every part of the vine. Sulfur upon the ground is of no use. The vines should be dusted from one to seven times, according to conditions, susc

. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. APPLE DISEASES 49 two characters serve to distinguish soft-rot from black-rot and other apple-rots. The disease on the leaves is noticeable from a time shortly • following their unfolding to the end of the summer. One to ^-:V. Fig. 12. — Leaf-spot of apple. several spots occur on a single leaf; in the latter case the lesions are scattered or grouped (Fig. 12). On the upper surface the first evidence of this leaf-spot is a minute, purplish speck, which soon enlarges until it attains a diameter of about one- eighth of an inch. The spot later becomes yellowish Stock Photo

RMPG3T9X–. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. APPLE DISEASES 49 two characters serve to distinguish soft-rot from black-rot and other apple-rots. The disease on the leaves is noticeable from a time shortly • following their unfolding to the end of the summer. One to ^-:V. Fig. 12. — Leaf-spot of apple. several spots occur on a single leaf; in the latter case the lesions are scattered or grouped (Fig. 12). On the upper surface the first evidence of this leaf-spot is a minute, purplish speck, which soon enlarges until it attains a diameter of about one- eighth of an inch. The spot later becomes yellowish

. Bulletin. Agriculture -- Ontario. Four-lined Leaf Bug. (PsecilocapsusMneatus, Fab), a. adult ; b. Lugger. Fggs after Slingerland. c. immature. Dry Rot (Fusarium oxysporum) : This disease produces a wilt of the stalks, and a rot of the tuber, characterized by a blackening of the ring of fibres and an end-rot. These injuries usually follow the blight; and the rotting is frequently in market potatoes, which may appear quite sound on the outside, but on cutting them open show black or brown spots or parts of rings. Treatment: By spraying to prevent Blight, and selecting seed pota- toes carefully Stock Photo

RMRH10TY–. Bulletin. Agriculture -- Ontario. Four-lined Leaf Bug. (PsecilocapsusMneatus, Fab), a. adult ; b. Lugger. Fggs after Slingerland. c. immature. Dry Rot (Fusarium oxysporum) : This disease produces a wilt of the stalks, and a rot of the tuber, characterized by a blackening of the ring of fibres and an end-rot. These injuries usually follow the blight; and the rotting is frequently in market potatoes, which may appear quite sound on the outside, but on cutting them open show black or brown spots or parts of rings. Treatment: By spraying to prevent Blight, and selecting seed pota- toes carefully

. Fig. 63. —• Black-rot spots enlarged to show the pycnidia. After Anderson. with the fungus, kill it. Below the temperature at which sulfur is effective the fungus will make but little progress. When the air, shade temperature, is from 32° to 35° C. (90° to 95° F.), the kilUng effect of the sulfur may be seen within 24 hours; if above 38° C. (100° F.), one or two days are suf- ficient to rid the vineyard of the disease. The sulfur must be distributed to every part of the vine. Sulfur upon the ground is of no use. The vines should be dusted from one to seven times, according to conditions, sus Stock Photo

RMMCKA9R–. Fig. 63. —• Black-rot spots enlarged to show the pycnidia. After Anderson. with the fungus, kill it. Below the temperature at which sulfur is effective the fungus will make but little progress. When the air, shade temperature, is from 32° to 35° C. (90° to 95° F.), the kilUng effect of the sulfur may be seen within 24 hours; if above 38° C. (100° F.), one or two days are suf- ficient to rid the vineyard of the disease. The sulfur must be distributed to every part of the vine. Sulfur upon the ground is of no use. The vines should be dusted from one to seven times, according to conditions, sus

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 139 FiQ. 93.—S. fuckeli- ana, attachment organ. After Ist- vanffi. On the apple the fungus shows two different modes of develop- ment. In some cases the mycelium accumulates under the epider- mis without producing spores, becomes dark colored and also causes a darkening of the contents of the host cells, which results in a black spot giving rise to the name black rot. In other cases ^^ the mycelium produces a brown rot and abundant conidial tufts, ar- ranged in concentric circles around the point Stock Photo

RMPG4GPG–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 139 FiQ. 93.—S. fuckeli- ana, attachment organ. After Ist- vanffi. On the apple the fungus shows two different modes of develop- ment. In some cases the mycelium accumulates under the epider- mis without producing spores, becomes dark colored and also causes a darkening of the contents of the host cells, which results in a black spot giving rise to the name black rot. In other cases ^^ the mycelium produces a brown rot and abundant conidial tufts, ar- ranged in concentric circles around the point

. Southern field crops (exclusive of forage plants). Agriculture. COTTON BISMASES 419 389. Sore-shin, or damping off (Rhizoctonia). ^ The fungus causing this disease penetrates the stems of the. Fig. 184. — Diseased Leaves, Boll, and Stems op Cotton Plant. Showing several forms of bacterial blight, known on the leaves as angu- lar leaf-spot; on the stems as black arm; and on the bolls as bacterial boll-rot. very young cotton plants just below the surface of the soil. Some of the diseased plants die, while others recover. It is worse in wet weather. Any method of hastening the drying of the sur Stock Photo

RMRDA7PP–. Southern field crops (exclusive of forage plants). Agriculture. COTTON BISMASES 419 389. Sore-shin, or damping off (Rhizoctonia). ^ The fungus causing this disease penetrates the stems of the. Fig. 184. — Diseased Leaves, Boll, and Stems op Cotton Plant. Showing several forms of bacterial blight, known on the leaves as angu- lar leaf-spot; on the stems as black arm; and on the bolls as bacterial boll-rot. very young cotton plants just below the surface of the soil. Some of the diseased plants die, while others recover. It is worse in wet weather. Any method of hastening the drying of the sur

. Fig. 66.—Black rot of quince. tissue. This is the same disease as black rot of the apple (p. 15), which is serious in the eastern part of the country. It is not important in Califor- nia on either apple or quince. Botrjrtis Rot.—The flesh of mature quince fruit is sometimes at- tacked by a fungus, Botrytis cinerecij which causes a brownish, rather firm rot; but the disease is seldom serious. The dirty-gray, spore-dusty fungus grows out on the surface. Brown Rot.—Sclerotinia fructicola and S. laxa, which are better known as fungus parasites on apricot, peach, and other stone fruits, sometimes Stock Photo

RMMCK97W–. Fig. 66.—Black rot of quince. tissue. This is the same disease as black rot of the apple (p. 15), which is serious in the eastern part of the country. It is not important in Califor- nia on either apple or quince. Botrjrtis Rot.—The flesh of mature quince fruit is sometimes at- tacked by a fungus, Botrytis cinerecij which causes a brownish, rather firm rot; but the disease is seldom serious. The dirty-gray, spore-dusty fungus grows out on the surface. Brown Rot.—Sclerotinia fructicola and S. laxa, which are better known as fungus parasites on apricot, peach, and other stone fruits, sometimes

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLAxNT DISEASE 419 It causes a heart-rot of living oaks, occurring as a wound parasite and invading the sap wood when decay is well advanced. It is also found on black locust/'^ P. sulphureus (Bui.) Fr."' "â¢ 'Â«â¢ ''â "â¢Â«" Hymenophore cespitose-multiplex, 30-60 em. broad; pileus cheesy, not becoming rigid, reniform, very broad, more or less stipitate, 5-15 x 7-20 x 0.5-1 cm.; surface finelj tomentose to glabrous, rugose, anoderm, sub- zonate at times, vary- ing from lemon-yellow to orang Stock Photo

RMPG45TA–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLAxNT DISEASE 419 It causes a heart-rot of living oaks, occurring as a wound parasite and invading the sap wood when decay is well advanced. It is also found on black locust/'^ P. sulphureus (Bui.) Fr."' "â¢ 'Â«â¢ ''â "â¢Â«" Hymenophore cespitose-multiplex, 30-60 em. broad; pileus cheesy, not becoming rigid, reniform, very broad, more or less stipitate, 5-15 x 7-20 x 0.5-1 cm.; surface finelj tomentose to glabrous, rugose, anoderm, sub- zonate at times, vary- ing from lemon-yellow to orang

. Canadian journal of agricultural science. Agricultural Institute of Canada; Agriculture. 166 SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURE. January. 1922. GROrP :j. DISEASES CAUSED BY BACTERIA. Black leg or Black stem-rot {B. atrosepticus v. Hall). The most important disease of potatoes caused by bacteria is that known common- ly as "Black-leg''. Other names are:— "Basal stem rot", "Bacterial black rot", "Black shank disease", "Black stem-rot". It is obvious that "Black leg" is an un- fortunate name and that "Black stem-rot" or "Bacterial black Stock Photo

RMRFXBFM–. Canadian journal of agricultural science. Agricultural Institute of Canada; Agriculture. 166 SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURE. January. 1922. GROrP :j. DISEASES CAUSED BY BACTERIA. Black leg or Black stem-rot {B. atrosepticus v. Hall). The most important disease of potatoes caused by bacteria is that known common- ly as "Black-leg''. Other names are:— "Basal stem rot", "Bacterial black rot", "Black shank disease", "Black stem-rot". It is obvious that "Black leg" is an un- fortunate name and that "Black stem-rot" or "Bacterial black

. Fig. 80. — Two forms of blue mold : at left, Penicillium Italicum ; at right, P. digita- tum. After R. E. Smith. is painstaking care in handling the fruit to prevent bruising or puncturing the skin. Black rot (Alternaria Citri Pierce). — This disease was described and its cause given by Pierce in 1902. It attacks only the navel orange, causing from 2 to 5 per cent loss of the whole crop. It is easily recognized by the prema- ture ripening which it induces, and by the deep red color and extra large size of the fruit. The diseased fruits are very conspicuous on the trees before the main crop h Stock Photo

RMMCKA5F–. Fig. 80. — Two forms of blue mold : at left, Penicillium Italicum ; at right, P. digita- tum. After R. E. Smith. is painstaking care in handling the fruit to prevent bruising or puncturing the skin. Black rot (Alternaria Citri Pierce). — This disease was described and its cause given by Pierce in 1902. It attacks only the navel orange, causing from 2 to 5 per cent loss of the whole crop. It is easily recognized by the prema- ture ripening which it induces, and by the deep red color and extra large size of the fruit. The diseased fruits are very conspicuous on the trees before the main crop h

. Botany for agricultural students. Plants. 378 THALLOPHYTES Other Ascomycetes. — A study of a few types of the Ascomy- cetes has giveu a general notion of their habits but no notion at all of their extensive number. However, with this general acquaintance, other forms can be easily understood. Some other common destructive forms are the Apple and Pear Scab ^ (Fig. 330), the Bitter Rot of Apples 2 (Fi^. 331), Peach Mildew,^ Black. Fig. 330. — Apple attacked by Scab, Venturia Pomi. Photographed by Whetzel. Rot of Grapes/ and the Wilt disease of Cotton, Watermelons, and Cowpeas,^ etc. Summary of Stock Photo

RMRH9324–. Botany for agricultural students. Plants. 378 THALLOPHYTES Other Ascomycetes. — A study of a few types of the Ascomy- cetes has giveu a general notion of their habits but no notion at all of their extensive number. However, with this general acquaintance, other forms can be easily understood. Some other common destructive forms are the Apple and Pear Scab ^ (Fig. 330), the Bitter Rot of Apples 2 (Fi^. 331), Peach Mildew,^ Black. Fig. 330. — Apple attacked by Scab, Venturia Pomi. Photographed by Whetzel. Rot of Grapes/ and the Wilt disease of Cotton, Watermelons, and Cowpeas,^ etc. Summary of

. lui. 73. — Two forms of blue-mold: at left, Penicillium italicum; at right, P. digitatum. After R. E. Smith. chief trouble results from wounds on fruit in handling, which thus provide an entering point for the fungus. Without me- chanical injury no decay from blue-mold can occur. Hence the method of control is painstaking care in handling the fruit to prevent bruising or puncturing the skin. Black-rot ^"'^ (Alternaria citri Pierce). — This disease was described and its cause given by Pierce in 1902. It attacks only the navel orange, causing from 2 to 5 per cent loss of the whole crop. I Stock Photo

RMMCKB0B–. lui. 73. — Two forms of blue-mold: at left, Penicillium italicum; at right, P. digitatum. After R. E. Smith. chief trouble results from wounds on fruit in handling, which thus provide an entering point for the fungus. Without me- chanical injury no decay from blue-mold can occur. Hence the method of control is painstaking care in handling the fruit to prevent bruising or puncturing the skin. Black-rot ^"'^ (Alternaria citri Pierce). — This disease was described and its cause given by Pierce in 1902. It attacks only the navel orange, causing from 2 to 5 per cent loss of the whole crop. I

. Circular (Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture. Bureau of Zoology.), 1918. Agricultural pests; Agriculture. 17 Early Blight is distinctly a leaf spot disease which produces cir- cular or ovate brown spots with concentric lines, and can be readily distinguished from tip burn. Control:—Bordeaux mixture applied when plants are young. Fig. 16. Late Blight and Rot attack foliage causing indefi- nite brown or black areas, and if uncontrolled run down, causing large blackened irregular spots in the flesh of the tubers.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may Stock Photo

RMREM18E–. Circular (Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture. Bureau of Zoology.), 1918. Agricultural pests; Agriculture. 17 Early Blight is distinctly a leaf spot disease which produces cir- cular or ovate brown spots with concentric lines, and can be readily distinguished from tip burn. Control:—Bordeaux mixture applied when plants are young. Fig. 16. Late Blight and Rot attack foliage causing indefi- nite brown or black areas, and if uncontrolled run down, causing large blackened irregular spots in the flesh of the tubers.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may

. Fig. 73. — Two forms of blue-mold: at left, Penicillium italicum; at right, P. digitatum. After R. E. Smith. chief trouble results from wounds on fruit in handling, which thus provide an entering point for the fungus. Without me- chanical injury no decay from blue-mold can occur. Hence the method of control is painstaking care in handling the fruit to prevent bruising or puncturing the skin. Black-rot ^^^ (Alternaria citri Pierce). — This disease was described and its cause given by Pierce in 1902. It attacks only the navel orange, causing from 2 to 5 per cent loss of the whole crop. It is e Stock Photo

RMMCKA92–. Fig. 73. — Two forms of blue-mold: at left, Penicillium italicum; at right, P. digitatum. After R. E. Smith. chief trouble results from wounds on fruit in handling, which thus provide an entering point for the fungus. Without me- chanical injury no decay from blue-mold can occur. Hence the method of control is painstaking care in handling the fruit to prevent bruising or puncturing the skin. Black-rot ^^^ (Alternaria citri Pierce). — This disease was described and its cause given by Pierce in 1902. It attacks only the navel orange, causing from 2 to 5 per cent loss of the whole crop. It is e

. Chemicals to kill weeds and diseases in tobacco beds. Cyanamid; Agricultural chemicals; Tobacco. THERE IS A NEW WAY to keep weeds and diseases out of tobacco plant beds. You can sterilize the ground with chemicals. Scientists have tried out this method in Geor- gia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Maryland for 6 years. Here is what they have found out: CYANAMID will give protection from weeds. It does not help fight disease. (Cyanamid is calcium cyanamide.) URAMON AND CYANAMID together will do even a better job of killing weeds. They will also prevent root knot, black root rot Stock Photo

RMRJ9D6X–. Chemicals to kill weeds and diseases in tobacco beds. Cyanamid; Agricultural chemicals; Tobacco. THERE IS A NEW WAY to keep weeds and diseases out of tobacco plant beds. You can sterilize the ground with chemicals. Scientists have tried out this method in Geor- gia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Maryland for 6 years. Here is what they have found out: CYANAMID will give protection from weeds. It does not help fight disease. (Cyanamid is calcium cyanamide.) URAMON AND CYANAMID together will do even a better job of killing weeds. They will also prevent root knot, black root rot

. Complete descriptive catalogue of fruit, shade and ornamental trees : grapes, small fruits, roses, shrubs, climbing vines, etc.. Nursery stock Washington (State) Toppenish Catalogs; Fruit trees Seedlings Catalogs; Fruit Catalogs; Trees Seedlings Catalogs; Shrubs Catalogs; Flowers Catalogs. FRUIT DEPARTMENT—CHERRIES 25 CHERRIES—Continued Allen. Has been fruiting for several years. Tree a healthy grower, immensely produc- tive. Fruit of excellent quality; large size, nearly heart shape, shiny and smooth; color when ripe, nearly black, very meaty and firm; so far free from all rot and disease; Stock Photo

RMRF7JMN–. Complete descriptive catalogue of fruit, shade and ornamental trees : grapes, small fruits, roses, shrubs, climbing vines, etc.. Nursery stock Washington (State) Toppenish Catalogs; Fruit trees Seedlings Catalogs; Fruit Catalogs; Trees Seedlings Catalogs; Shrubs Catalogs; Flowers Catalogs. FRUIT DEPARTMENT—CHERRIES 25 CHERRIES—Continued Allen. Has been fruiting for several years. Tree a healthy grower, immensely produc- tive. Fruit of excellent quality; large size, nearly heart shape, shiny and smooth; color when ripe, nearly black, very meaty and firm; so far free from all rot and disease;

RMRFG8E3–. Complete descriptive catalogue of fruit, shade and ornamental trees : grapes, small fruits, roses, shrubs, climbing vines, etc.. Nursery stock Washington (State) Toppenish Catalogs; Fruit trees Seedlings Catalogs; Fruit Catalogs; Trees Seedlings Catalogs; Shrubs Catalogs; Flowers Catalogs. FRUIT DEPARTMENT—CHERRIES 25 CHERRIES—Continued Allen. Has been fruiting for several years. Tree a healthy grower, immensely produc- tive. Fruit of excellent quality; large size, nearly heart shape, shiny and smooth; color when ripe, nearly black, very meaty and firm; so far free from all rot and disease;

. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. PUFFBALLS AND RELATED FORMS (GASTEROMYCETES) 389 In Figure 344 is a Bracket Fungus which causes a disease known as White Heart Rot. This disease occurs on fruit trees and inariy forest trees. The spore enters through a wound and starts themyceHum which penetrates and transforms the heart wood into a white pulpy mass. In Figure 345 is shown another Bracket Fungus which attacks trees in a similar way and causes the wood to rot and become reddish brown or black. It produces the Red Heart Rot. There are many other destructive forms which concern th Stock Photo

RMRDWCYB–. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. PUFFBALLS AND RELATED FORMS (GASTEROMYCETES) 389 In Figure 344 is a Bracket Fungus which causes a disease known as White Heart Rot. This disease occurs on fruit trees and inariy forest trees. The spore enters through a wound and starts themyceHum which penetrates and transforms the heart wood into a white pulpy mass. In Figure 345 is shown another Bracket Fungus which attacks trees in a similar way and causes the wood to rot and become reddish brown or black. It produces the Red Heart Rot. There are many other destructive forms which concern th

. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. PUFFBALLS AND RELATED FORMS (GASTEROMYCETES) 389 In Figure 344 is a Bracket Fungus which causes a disease known as White Heart Rot. This disease occurs on fruit trees and many forest trees. The spore enters through a wound and starts the mycehum which penetrates and transforms the heart wood into a white pulpy mass. In Figure 345 is shown another Bracket Fungus which attacks trees in a similar way and causes the wood to rot and become reddish brown or black. It produces the Red Heart Rot. There are many other destructive forms which concern the fore Stock Photo

RMRDC17N–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. PUFFBALLS AND RELATED FORMS (GASTEROMYCETES) 389 In Figure 344 is a Bracket Fungus which causes a disease known as White Heart Rot. This disease occurs on fruit trees and many forest trees. The spore enters through a wound and starts the mycehum which penetrates and transforms the heart wood into a white pulpy mass. In Figure 345 is shown another Bracket Fungus which attacks trees in a similar way and causes the wood to rot and become reddish brown or black. It produces the Red Heart Rot. There are many other destructive forms which concern the fore

. Botany for agricultural students. Plants. rUFFBALLS AND RELATED FORMS (GASTEROMYCETES) 389 In Figure 344 is a Bracket Fungus whic^h causes a disease known as White Heart Rut. This disease occurs on fruit trees and many forest trees. The spore enters tiirough a wound and starts the myceUum which penetrates and transforms the heart wood into a white pulpy mass. In Figure 345 is shown another Bracket Fungus which attacks trees in a similar way and causes the wood to rot and become reddish brown or black. It produces the Red Heart Rot. There are many other destructive forms which concern the for Stock Photo

RMRH92R4–. Botany for agricultural students. Plants. rUFFBALLS AND RELATED FORMS (GASTEROMYCETES) 389 In Figure 344 is a Bracket Fungus whic^h causes a disease known as White Heart Rut. This disease occurs on fruit trees and many forest trees. The spore enters tiirough a wound and starts the myceUum which penetrates and transforms the heart wood into a white pulpy mass. In Figure 345 is shown another Bracket Fungus which attacks trees in a similar way and causes the wood to rot and become reddish brown or black. It produces the Red Heart Rot. There are many other destructive forms which concern the for

. Circular. Agriculture. Fig. 3. — Late blight rot of tuber. (After Cornell Experiment Sta- tion Circular No. 19.) Control. — See general spraying directions. In addition to spray- ing, — 1. Allow no decayed or partially decayed seed to go into storage. 2. Select clean seed tubers, known to have come from healthy vines. 3. Store in a fairly dry, cool place. 4. Avoid planting on wet, poorly drained land, or where the blight was serious the previous year. Scurf or Rhizoctonia. — This disease has become prevalent throughout Massachusetts. It appears on. the surface of the tuber as small, black, h Stock Photo

RMREM1GD–. Circular. Agriculture. Fig. 3. — Late blight rot of tuber. (After Cornell Experiment Sta- tion Circular No. 19.) Control. — See general spraying directions. In addition to spray- ing, — 1. Allow no decayed or partially decayed seed to go into storage. 2. Select clean seed tubers, known to have come from healthy vines. 3. Store in a fairly dry, cool place. 4. Avoid planting on wet, poorly drained land, or where the blight was serious the previous year. Scurf or Rhizoctonia. — This disease has become prevalent throughout Massachusetts. It appears on. the surface of the tuber as small, black, h

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 550 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 100-200 X 4 /I, browTiish; conidia falcate, 25 x 4 n; conidiophores ovoid, 20 X 8 ii., hyaline to fuscous. This is believed to be the chief cause of the red rot of sugar- cane."* It was reported in" the United States by Edgerton,"^ also by Stevens.™ Inoculation experiments indicate that it is distinct from C. lineola, on sorghum and Johnson grass, which it resembles morphologically. C. cereale Manns."^ Spots circular to ovoid, 30 mm.; acervuli dark brown, or black; setae f Stock Photo

RMRDE56P–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 550 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 100-200 X 4 /I, browTiish; conidia falcate, 25 x 4 n; conidiophores ovoid, 20 X 8 ii., hyaline to fuscous. This is believed to be the chief cause of the red rot of sugar- cane."* It was reported in" the United States by Edgerton,"^ also by Stevens.™ Inoculation experiments indicate that it is distinct from C. lineola, on sorghum and Johnson grass, which it resembles morphologically. C. cereale Manns."^ Spots circular to ovoid, 30 mm.; acervuli dark brown, or black; setae f

RMREM1GA–. Circular. Agriculture. Fig. 3. — Late blight rot of tuber. (After Cornell Experiment Sta- tion Circular No. 19.) Control. — See general spraying directions. In addition to spray- ing, — 1. Allow no decayed or partially decayed seed to go into storage. 2. Select clean seed tubers, known to have come from healthy vines. 3. Store in a fairly dry, cool place. 4. Avoid planting on wet, poorly drained land, or where the blight was serious the previous year. Scurf or Rhizoctonia. — This disease has become prevalent throughout Massachusetts. It appears on. the surface of the tuber as small, black, h

$. Biology; the story of living things. 580 MAN AS A CONQUEROR called "damping off," which attacks seedlings, white "rust," the brown rot of lemons, numerous downy mildews that attack grapes or garden vegetables, and the once dreaded "rot" of potatoes {Phy- tophthora intestans) are among this group. The Ascomycetes, one of the largest classes of fungi, produce spores in a spore case called • AOOtdWA'. MOOaiSTOW^O OSHAV aafifT U. S. Dept. of Agric. Map showing spread of Dutch elm disease from July, 1933, to February, 1934. The black circles show centers of infection Stock Photo$

RMRHJR6Y–. Biology; the story of living things. 580 MAN AS A CONQUEROR called "damping off," which attacks seedlings, white "rust," the brown rot of lemons, numerous downy mildews that attack grapes or garden vegetables, and the once dreaded "rot" of potatoes {Phy- tophthora intestans) are among this group. The Ascomycetes, one of the largest classes of fungi, produce spores in a spore case called • AOOtdWA'. MOOaiSTOW^O OSHAV aafifT U. S. Dept. of Agric. Map showing spread of Dutch elm disease from July, 1933, to February, 1934. The black circles show centers of infection

. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 257 celium of the fungus. These differ from the similar patches in the Trametes root-rot in the usual absence of black centers. The fruiting body is brown and either forms a shelf or is diffused into a coating over the bark. It is woody and perennial, producing new pore areas successively for many years. The pore area â i is on the lower surface of the 3 shelf forms and on the outer Â° surface of the prostrate Â° fruiting bodies. I The oak Daedalea [Dcb- Â» dalea quercina (L.) Pers.]. a The cause of this disease is Â° a pore Stock Photo

RMRDEWXA–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 257 celium of the fungus. These differ from the similar patches in the Trametes root-rot in the usual absence of black centers. The fruiting body is brown and either forms a shelf or is diffused into a coating over the bark. It is woody and perennial, producing new pore areas successively for many years. The pore area â i is on the lower surface of the 3 shelf forms and on the outer Â° surface of the prostrate Â° fruiting bodies. I The oak Daedalea [Dcb- Â» dalea quercina (L.) Pers.]. a The cause of this disease is Â° a pore

$. Florists' review [microform]. Floriculture. 34 The Florists^ Review March 10, 1921. next presented. It is printed on a later pat?e. Dr. Lulienbauer's i)aper, wliieh also appears on a subsequent l)a{i;e, followed. In the discussion that ensued the asso- ciation showed it desired experimental work on the stem rot of snapdragons and the black bug disease of sweet peas. During the afternoon a special display of students' work in artistic designing was on exhibition. George J. Ball ex- hibited sweet peas and calendulas. The Quincy Art Willow Co., Quincy, 111., ex- hibited various kinds of baskets Stock Photo$

RMRRG183–. Florists' review [microform]. Floriculture. 34 The Florists^ Review March 10, 1921. next presented. It is printed on a later pat?e. Dr. Lulienbauer's i)aper, wliieh also appears on a subsequent l)a{i;e, followed. In the discussion that ensued the asso- ciation showed it desired experimental work on the stem rot of snapdragons and the black bug disease of sweet peas. During the afternoon a special display of students' work in artistic designing was on exhibition. George J. Ball ex- hibited sweet peas and calendulas. The Quincy Art Willow Co., Quincy, 111., ex- hibited various kinds of baskets

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 458 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE C. parasitica Wil.^"^ Growing in dense clusters; pileus 6-8 cm., convex or umbonate, usually minutely scaly, mottled buff to yellow-brown in color; gills paler, becoming mottled, at first noticeably decurrent; stipe 10-16 cm. high, up to 1 cm. thick, solid, usually curved, darker than the pileus; black rhizomorphs present. It differs from Armillaria mellea in having no annulus, and in growing in denser clus- ters. The fungus causes a root- rot very similar to that caused by Armillaria me Stock Photo

RMRDE5GG–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 458 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE C. parasitica Wil.^"^ Growing in dense clusters; pileus 6-8 cm., convex or umbonate, usually minutely scaly, mottled buff to yellow-brown in color; gills paler, becoming mottled, at first noticeably decurrent; stipe 10-16 cm. high, up to 1 cm. thick, solid, usually curved, darker than the pileus; black rhizomorphs present. It differs from Armillaria mellea in having no annulus, and in growing in denser clus- ters. The fungus causes a root- rot very similar to that caused by Armillaria me

. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. BLACK ROT OF CRUCIFEROUS PLANTS. 3OI SIGNS OF THE DISEASE. There is usually little difficulty in determining the existence of this disease. It is not a soft rot, although it may be complicated by the appearance of soft rots. A striking characteristic, especially in cabbages, is the yellowing of the foliage accompanied by a black stain in the vascular system. This stain in the veins often causes patches of the leaf to appear as a conspicuous black network on a yellowish or light brown background (fig. 98). The reader may consult also the colored Stock Photo

RMRFRFYE–. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. BLACK ROT OF CRUCIFEROUS PLANTS. 3OI SIGNS OF THE DISEASE. There is usually little difficulty in determining the existence of this disease. It is not a soft rot, although it may be complicated by the appearance of soft rots. A striking characteristic, especially in cabbages, is the yellowing of the foliage accompanied by a black stain in the vascular system. This stain in the veins often causes patches of the leaf to appear as a conspicuous black network on a yellowish or light brown background (fig. 98). The reader may consult also the colored

. Bacteria in relation to plant diseases. Bacteriology; Plant diseases. BLACK ROT OP CRUCIFEROUS PLANTS. 301 SIGNS OF THE DISEASE. There is usually little difficulty in determining the existence of this disease. It is not a soft rot, although it may be complicated by the appearance of soft rots. A striking characteristic, especially in cabbages, is the yellowing of the foliage accompanied by a black stain in the vascular system. This stain in the veins often causes patches of the leaf to appear as a conspicuous black network on a yellowish or light brown background (fig. 98). The reader may co Stock Photo

RMRDR7K9–. Bacteria in relation to plant diseases. Bacteriology; Plant diseases. BLACK ROT OP CRUCIFEROUS PLANTS. 301 SIGNS OF THE DISEASE. There is usually little difficulty in determining the existence of this disease. It is not a soft rot, although it may be complicated by the appearance of soft rots. A striking characteristic, especially in cabbages, is the yellowing of the foliage accompanied by a black stain in the vascular system. This stain in the veins often causes patches of the leaf to appear as a conspicuous black network on a yellowish or light brown background (fig. 98). The reader may co

. Common insects affecting fruit-trees [microform]. Insect pests; Fruits; Insectes nuisibles; Fruit. Fig. 33. Ai-pl* le«Te» affeoted with Le«f Siiot (I'hyllotticfa pirino). Black Rot (Sphaeropsis mulorum). Fitf- 35- This is a serious pest of ripe apples. It attacks the leaves, twigs, stems and fruit. On the If .. es it appears as little brown spots much liUc the Apple Leaf-Spot disease On the twips or stems it appears as blackish spots and the fruit when attacked turns at first reddish brown and later black. The sp«>rcs consist of minute black bodies just under the skin. It differs from Bit Stock Photo

RMREN4EA–. Common insects affecting fruit-trees [microform]. Insect pests; Fruits; Insectes nuisibles; Fruit. Fig. 33. Ai-pl* le«Te» affeoted with Le«f Siiot (I'hyllotticfa pirino). Black Rot (Sphaeropsis mulorum). Fitf- 35- This is a serious pest of ripe apples. It attacks the leaves, twigs, stems and fruit. On the If .. es it appears as little brown spots much liUc the Apple Leaf-Spot disease On the twips or stems it appears as blackish spots and the fruit when attacked turns at first reddish brown and later black. The sp«>rcs consist of minute black bodies just under the skin. It differs from Bit

. Lime-sulphur wash [microform]. Spraying and dusting in agriculture; Pulvérisation et poudrage en agriculture; Insect pests; Fruit; Insectes nuisibles, Lutte contre les; Fruits. and trunks of apple trees. These cankers, as shown in Fig. r, be- come after a time charred and black, riiey arc caused by tlie Black Rot fungus, which also attacks the leaves and fruit. On the leaves it .•auses small, round, dead areas, and on the fruit a firm, not a soft. rot. The diseased fruit at first becomes i)rovn and later black. The disease on the leaves and fruit is seldom very destructive, but on the larg Stock Photo

RMREN4M7–. Lime-sulphur wash [microform]. Spraying and dusting in agriculture; Pulvérisation et poudrage en agriculture; Insect pests; Fruit; Insectes nuisibles, Lutte contre les; Fruits. and trunks of apple trees. These cankers, as shown in Fig. r, be- come after a time charred and black, riiey arc caused by tlie Black Rot fungus, which also attacks the leaves and fruit. On the leaves it .•auses small, round, dead areas, and on the fruit a firm, not a soft. rot. The diseased fruit at first becomes i)rovn and later black. The disease on the leaves and fruit is seldom very destructive, but on the larg

. California plant diseases. Plant diseases. 1108 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION. discarded and not mixed with that which is unaffected, as the rot will spread after picking. CABBAGE. Club Foot (Plasmodiophora brassiccc). Produces large swellings on the roots and stunting or death of the plants. Not common in California. Black Rot (Pscndomonas campestris). This bacterial disease causes the ruin of the heads, the veins of the leaves turning black and decay- ing. The trouble is very uncom- mon in California if it occurs at all. CARNATION. Rust (Uromyces caryophyllinus). Produces pus Stock Photo

RMRG343M–. California plant diseases. Plant diseases. 1108 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION. discarded and not mixed with that which is unaffected, as the rot will spread after picking. CABBAGE. Club Foot (Plasmodiophora brassiccc). Produces large swellings on the roots and stunting or death of the plants. Not common in California. Black Rot (Pscndomonas campestris). This bacterial disease causes the ruin of the heads, the veins of the leaves turning black and decay- ing. The trouble is very uncom- mon in California if it occurs at all. CARNATION. Rust (Uromyces caryophyllinus). Produces pus

. Southern field crops (exclusive of forage plants). Agriculture. 454 aOVTHERN FIELD CROPS and, if necessary, to spray the vines with this or with Paris green. Cutworms may be poisoned before setting the slips, as suggested in paragraph 379. 432. Fungous diseases. — The enlarged root of the sweet-potato is subject to various forms of decay, each one due to a different germ or disease-producing organism. The most serious of these is the follow- ing: — Black-rot (Sphceronema fimbria- tum). —The presence of this fungus within the potato root causes black spots on the surface (Fig. 198). These spo Stock Photo

RMRDA7ND–. Southern field crops (exclusive of forage plants). Agriculture. 454 aOVTHERN FIELD CROPS and, if necessary, to spray the vines with this or with Paris green. Cutworms may be poisoned before setting the slips, as suggested in paragraph 379. 432. Fungous diseases. — The enlarged root of the sweet-potato is subject to various forms of decay, each one due to a different germ or disease-producing organism. The most serious of these is the follow- ing: — Black-rot (Sphceronema fimbria- tum). —The presence of this fungus within the potato root causes black spots on the surface (Fig. 198). These spo

. Nature and development of plants. Botany. 240 FORMS OF THE BLACK FUNGI ascocarps breaks through the bark of a large variety of trees and shrubs in the form of spherical or cake-like masses (Fig. 148). Among the more serious pests may be mentioned the very destructive black rot of grapes, apple and pear scab; bitter rot of apples; the sycamore blight, and the chestnut bark disease. il. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the origi Stock Photo

RMRE1R2H–. Nature and development of plants. Botany. 240 FORMS OF THE BLACK FUNGI ascocarps breaks through the bark of a large variety of trees and shrubs in the form of spherical or cake-like masses (Fig. 148). Among the more serious pests may be mentioned the very destructive black rot of grapes, apple and pear scab; bitter rot of apples; the sycamore blight, and the chestnut bark disease. il. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the origi

. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. DISEASES OF SPECIAL CHOPS 81 Buckingham, Mammoth Black Twig, White Winter Pear- main, Winesap, and Ben Davis are resistant, the last al- most entirely so. In general the crab varieties are more suscep- tible than others. Black rot, canker (Sphoerop- sis Malorum Peck). — In many respects this disease closely re- sembles the bitter rot, particu- larly in that it appears both as rot of the fruit and as cankers upon the limbs, each of which is almost indistinguishable from bitter rot upon the similar part. In some instances it also appears as a twig Stock Photo

RMRDEX6B–. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. DISEASES OF SPECIAL CHOPS 81 Buckingham, Mammoth Black Twig, White Winter Pear- main, Winesap, and Ben Davis are resistant, the last al- most entirely so. In general the crab varieties are more suscep- tible than others. Black rot, canker (Sphoerop- sis Malorum Peck). — In many respects this disease closely re- sembles the bitter rot, particu- larly in that it appears both as rot of the fruit and as cankers upon the limbs, each of which is almost indistinguishable from bitter rot upon the similar part. In some instances it also appears as a twig

RMRDWG0F–. Nature and development of plants. Botany. 240 FORMS OF THE BLACK FUNGI ascocarps breaks through the bark of a large variety of trees and shrubs in the form of spherical or cake-like masses (Fig. 148). Among the more serious pests may be mentioned the very destructive black rot of grapes, apple and pear scab; bitter rot of apples; the sycamore blight, and the chestnut bark disease.. Fig. 148. Fig. 149.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly

RMRDGBBF–. The vegetable industry in New York state ... Vegetables; Gardening. Diseases op Vegetables 1327 CABBAGE Black Rot (Pseudomonas Cam- pestris Erw. Smith). This disease is readily distinguished by the presence of brown or black veins in leaves and cross sections of leaf stalks and plant stems. Badly affected plants are stunted and many of the lower leaves may drop off. The disease originates from the presence of a parasitic bacte- rium either on the seed or in the soil. All danger of disease from seed is removed by soaking for fif- teen minutes in a solution of cor- rosive sublimate, one ounce

. Bulletin. Agriculture. April, 1912.] SOME APPLE DISEASES—TREATMENT. 17 BLACK ROT, CANKER AND LEAF SPOT. Sphoeropsis Malorum Berk. The three diseases given above have been found to be due to a single fungus, ^'Sphoeropsis Malorum." The black rot of the apple is very common in New Hampshire. It is dark brown or black in color and the affected tissue comparatively firm. It is thus readily distinguished from the soft rots. It may start on any part of the fruit, but often begins at the blossom and fre- quently follows insect stings. The disease is primarily a rot of ripe fruit, but it may of Stock Photo

RMRH0W37–. Bulletin. Agriculture. April, 1912.] SOME APPLE DISEASES—TREATMENT. 17 BLACK ROT, CANKER AND LEAF SPOT. Sphoeropsis Malorum Berk. The three diseases given above have been found to be due to a single fungus, ^'Sphoeropsis Malorum." The black rot of the apple is very common in New Hampshire. It is dark brown or black in color and the affected tissue comparatively firm. It is thus readily distinguished from the soft rots. It may start on any part of the fruit, but often begins at the blossom and fre- quently follows insect stings. The disease is primarily a rot of ripe fruit, but it may of

. Bulletin. Agriculture -- New Hampshire. Dec, 1909.] SOME APPLE DISEASES. 123. BLACK ROT, CANKER AND LEAF SPOT. Sphwropsis Malorum Berk. The three diseases given above have been found to be due to a single fungus, "Splioeropsis Malorum." The black rot of the apple is very common in New Hampshire. It is dark brown or black in color and the affected tissue comparatively firm. It is thus readily distinguished from the soft rots. It may start on any part of the fruit, but often begins at the blossom and fre- quently follows insect stings. The disease is primarily a rot of ripe fruit, bu Stock Photo

RMRH0WGW–. Bulletin. Agriculture -- New Hampshire. Dec, 1909.] SOME APPLE DISEASES. 123. BLACK ROT, CANKER AND LEAF SPOT. Sphwropsis Malorum Berk. The three diseases given above have been found to be due to a single fungus, "Splioeropsis Malorum." The black rot of the apple is very common in New Hampshire. It is dark brown or black in color and the affected tissue comparatively firm. It is thus readily distinguished from the soft rots. It may start on any part of the fruit, but often begins at the blossom and fre- quently follows insect stings. The disease is primarily a rot of ripe fruit, bu

. Black rot, leaf spot and canker of pomaceous fruits. Black rot; Leaf spots; Canker (Plant disease); Apples. Black Rot, Leaf Spot, and Canker of Pomaceous Fruits 75 â =to^ walls. Color is lacking in young aerial threads, but as age increases a greenish yellow, then bluish green, brown, and finally dark brown, hue is assumed. In mass the mycelium ap- pears black. In cultures lacking potas- sium a violet tinge has been observed. The walls of the hyphag are relatively ex thick, and sometimes a decided double contour of the membrane is visible. The appearance of the cell contents. Please note tha Stock Photo

RMRHJ8FC–. Black rot, leaf spot and canker of pomaceous fruits. Black rot; Leaf spots; Canker (Plant disease); Apples. Black Rot, Leaf Spot, and Canker of Pomaceous Fruits 75 â =to^ walls. Color is lacking in young aerial threads, but as age increases a greenish yellow, then bluish green, brown, and finally dark brown, hue is assumed. In mass the mycelium ap- pears black. In cultures lacking potas- sium a violet tinge has been observed. The walls of the hyphag are relatively ex thick, and sometimes a decided double contour of the membrane is visible. The appearance of the cell contents. Please note tha

RMRDE0JD–. Diseases of truck crops and their control . Vegetables. Fig. 26. Sweet Potato Diseases. a. Black rot at place of a bruise, b. black shank, c. showing a pycnidium of the black rot fungus, d.- dry rot, e. cross section through /, to show the effect of the disease on the root, /. Java black rot surface view, showing strings of spores oozing out from the center of spot, g. cross section through diseased sweet potato root to show pycnidia of the fungus Diplodia tubericola.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability -

. Black rot, leaf spot and canker of pomaceous fruits. Black rot; Leaf spots; Canker (Plant disease); Apples. . Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Hesler, L. R. (Lexemuel Ray). Ithaca, N. Y. : Cornell University Stock Photo

RMRHJ8W9–. Black rot, leaf spot and canker of pomaceous fruits. Black rot; Leaf spots; Canker (Plant disease); Apples. . Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Hesler, L. R. (Lexemuel Ray). Ithaca, N. Y. : Cornell University

RMRHJ8NB–. Black rot, leaf spot and canker of pomaceous fruits. Black rot; Leaf spots; Canker (Plant disease); Apples. /. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Hesler, L. R. (Lexemuel Ray). Ithaca, N. Y. : Cornell University

RMRHJ8J5–. Black rot, leaf spot and canker of pomaceous fruits. Black rot; Leaf spots; Canker (Plant disease); Apples. . Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Hesler, L. R. (Lexemuel Ray). Ithaca, N. Y. : Cornell University

. Black rot, leaf spot and canker of pomaceous fruits. Black rot; Leaf spots; Canker (Plant disease); Apples. 3 s>. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Hesler, L. R. (Lexemuel Ray). Ithaca, N. Y. : Cornell University Stock Photo

RMRHJ8TE–. Black rot, leaf spot and canker of pomaceous fruits. Black rot; Leaf spots; Canker (Plant disease); Apples. 3 s>. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Hesler, L. R. (Lexemuel Ray). Ithaca, N. Y. : Cornell University

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