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. Biology of the vertebrates : a comparative study of man and his animal allies. Vertebrates; Vertebrates -- Anatomy; Anatomy, Comparative. The Dominating Factor 745 1. Visceral Reflexes The afferent neurons which communicate with the autonomic nervous system are not essentially different from those involved in somatic reflexes. Although some are visceral sensor), with their dendritic endings in internal organs, others are somatic sensory, coming from external sense organs. It is chiefly through their peripheral connections that these two types of sensory neurons may be distinguished, for both Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/biology-of-the-vertebrates-a-comparative-study-of-man-and-his-animal-allies-vertebrates-vertebrates-anatomy-anatomy-comparative-the-dominating-factor-745-1-visceral-reflexes-the-afferent-neurons-which-communicate-with-the-autonomic-nervous-system-are-not-essentially-different-from-those-involved-in-somatic-reflexes-although-some-are-visceral-sensor-with-their-dendritic-endings-in-internal-organs-others-are-somatic-sensory-coming-from-external-sense-organs-it-is-chiefly-through-their-peripheral-connections-that-these-two-types-of-sensory-neurons-may-be-distinguished-for-both-image234593363.html
RMRHJJ6B–. Biology of the vertebrates : a comparative study of man and his animal allies. Vertebrates; Vertebrates -- Anatomy; Anatomy, Comparative. The Dominating Factor 745 1. Visceral Reflexes The afferent neurons which communicate with the autonomic nervous system are not essentially different from those involved in somatic reflexes. Although some are visceral sensor), with their dendritic endings in internal organs, others are somatic sensory, coming from external sense organs. It is chiefly through their peripheral connections that these two types of sensory neurons may be distinguished, for both
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. Elementary biology; an introduction to the science of life . Fig. 83. Diagram of the spinal cord ./, left half of cross section, showing impulses entering the dorsal root and outgoing impulses passing out by the ventral root. B, the neurons connected with the gray matter of the cord give off branches passing up and down the cord and transmitting ner'0us disturbances by way of the collaterals. In the gray matter of the cord, branches of afferent neurons carry impulses up and down and pass them on, by way of the collaterals, to efferent neurons and to the brain not so much concerned with the Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elementary-biology-an-introduction-to-the-science-of-life-fig-83-diagram-of-the-spinal-cord-left-half-of-cross-section-showing-impulses-entering-the-dorsal-root-and-outgoing-impulses-passing-out-by-the-ventral-root-b-the-neurons-connected-with-the-gray-matter-of-the-cord-give-off-branches-passing-up-and-down-the-cord-and-transmitting-ner0us-disturbances-by-way-of-the-collaterals-in-the-gray-matter-of-the-cord-branches-of-afferent-neurons-carry-impulses-up-and-down-and-pass-them-on-by-way-of-the-collaterals-to-efferent-neurons-and-to-the-brain-not-so-much-concerned-with-the-image178409370.html
RMMA76Y6–. Elementary biology; an introduction to the science of life . Fig. 83. Diagram of the spinal cord ./, left half of cross section, showing impulses entering the dorsal root and outgoing impulses passing out by the ventral root. B, the neurons connected with the gray matter of the cord give off branches passing up and down the cord and transmitting ner'0us disturbances by way of the collaterals. In the gray matter of the cord, branches of afferent neurons carry impulses up and down and pass them on, by way of the collaterals, to efferent neurons and to the brain not so much concerned with the
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A text-book of physiology, for medical students and physicians . numbers. On the left side of the diagram the locality supplied by the sensory(afferent) neurons is indicated by one or more words, and these latter are connectedwith the bulb or the segments of the cord at the levels at which the nerves enter. Theafferent character is indicated by the arrow tip on the lines of reference. On the right-hand side the names of muscles or groups of muscles are given, and tothern are drawn reference lines which start from the segments of the cord in which thecell-bodies of origin have been located. Wit Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-text-book-of-physiology-for-medical-students-and-physicians-numbers-on-the-left-side-of-the-diagram-the-locality-supplied-by-the-sensoryafferent-neurons-is-indicated-by-one-or-more-words-and-these-latter-are-connectedwith-the-bulb-or-the-segments-of-the-cord-at-the-levels-at-which-the-nerves-enter-theafferent-character-is-indicated-by-the-arrow-tip-on-the-lines-of-reference-on-the-right-hand-side-the-names-of-muscles-or-groups-of-muscles-are-given-and-tothern-are-drawn-reference-lines-which-start-from-the-segments-of-the-cord-in-which-thecell-bodies-of-origin-have-been-located-wit-image342981948.html
RM2AX04Y8–A text-book of physiology, for medical students and physicians . numbers. On the left side of the diagram the locality supplied by the sensory(afferent) neurons is indicated by one or more words, and these latter are connectedwith the bulb or the segments of the cord at the levels at which the nerves enter. Theafferent character is indicated by the arrow tip on the lines of reference. On the right-hand side the names of muscles or groups of muscles are given, and tothern are drawn reference lines which start from the segments of the cord in which thecell-bodies of origin have been located. Wit
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The anatomy of the nervous system, from the standpoint of development and function . al direction as a motor axon. In this way the motor fibers of the cere-brospinal nerves are laid down. The axis-cylinder of each represents a processwhich has grown out from a neuroblast in the basal plate of the neural tube. Development of Afferent Neurons.—The sensory or afferent libers of thespinal nerves take origin from neuroblasts which are from the beginning out-side the neural tube. These neuroblasts are derived from the neural crest, alongitudinal ridge of ectodermal cells at the margin of the neural Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-anatomy-of-the-nervous-system-from-the-standpoint-of-development-and-function-al-direction-as-a-motor-axon-in-this-way-the-motor-fibers-of-the-cere-brospinal-nerves-are-laid-down-the-axis-cylinder-of-each-represents-a-processwhich-has-grown-out-from-a-neuroblast-in-the-basal-plate-of-the-neural-tube-development-of-afferent-neuronsthe-sensory-or-afferent-libers-of-thespinal-nerves-take-origin-from-neuroblasts-which-are-from-the-beginning-out-side-the-neural-tube-these-neuroblasts-are-derived-from-the-neural-crest-alongitudinal-ridge-of-ectodermal-cells-at-the-margin-of-the-neural-image342768042.html
RM2AWJC3P–The anatomy of the nervous system, from the standpoint of development and function . al direction as a motor axon. In this way the motor fibers of the cere-brospinal nerves are laid down. The axis-cylinder of each represents a processwhich has grown out from a neuroblast in the basal plate of the neural tube. Development of Afferent Neurons.—The sensory or afferent libers of thespinal nerves take origin from neuroblasts which are from the beginning out-side the neural tube. These neuroblasts are derived from the neural crest, alongitudinal ridge of ectodermal cells at the margin of the neural
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. A text-book of physiology : for medical students and physicians . ity supplied by the sensory(afferent) neurons is indicated by one or more words, and these latter are connectedwith the bulb or the segments of the cord at the levels at which the nerves enter. Theafferent character is indicated by the arrow tip on the lines of reference. On the right-hand side the names of muscles or groups of muscles are given, and tothem are drawn reference lines which start from the segments of the cord in which thecell-bodies of origin have been located. Within the cord itself, the designations for severa Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-text-book-of-physiology-for-medical-students-and-physicians-ity-supplied-by-the-sensoryafferent-neurons-is-indicated-by-one-or-more-words-and-these-latter-are-connectedwith-the-bulb-or-the-segments-of-the-cord-at-the-levels-at-which-the-nerves-enter-theafferent-character-is-indicated-by-the-arrow-tip-on-the-lines-of-reference-on-the-right-hand-side-the-names-of-muscles-or-groups-of-muscles-are-given-and-tothem-are-drawn-reference-lines-which-start-from-the-segments-of-the-cord-in-which-thecell-bodies-of-origin-have-been-located-within-the-cord-itself-the-designations-for-severa-image370190140.html
RM2CE7H8C–. A text-book of physiology : for medical students and physicians . ity supplied by the sensory(afferent) neurons is indicated by one or more words, and these latter are connectedwith the bulb or the segments of the cord at the levels at which the nerves enter. Theafferent character is indicated by the arrow tip on the lines of reference. On the right-hand side the names of muscles or groups of muscles are given, and tothem are drawn reference lines which start from the segments of the cord in which thecell-bodies of origin have been located. Within the cord itself, the designations for severa
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. A compend of human physiology; especially adapted for the use of medical students. Physiology. PHYSIOLOGY OK NERVE TISSUE. 81 the nerve portion of which is composed of but two neurons—an afferent and an efferent. An arc of this simplicity would of necessity subserve but a simple movement. The majority of reflex activities, however, are extremely complex, and involve the cooperation and coordination of a number of structures frequently situated at distances more or less remote from one another. This implies that a number of neurons are associated in function. The afferent neurons are brought Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-compend-of-human-physiology-especially-adapted-for-the-use-of-medical-students-physiology-physiology-ok-nerve-tissue-81-the-nerve-portion-of-which-is-composed-of-but-two-neuronsan-afferent-and-an-efferent-an-arc-of-this-simplicity-would-of-necessity-subserve-but-a-simple-movement-the-majority-of-reflex-activities-however-are-extremely-complex-and-involve-the-cooperation-and-coordination-of-a-number-of-structures-frequently-situated-at-distances-more-or-less-remote-from-one-another-this-implies-that-a-number-of-neurons-are-associated-in-function-the-afferent-neurons-are-brought-image232672491.html
RMREF43R–. A compend of human physiology; especially adapted for the use of medical students. Physiology. PHYSIOLOGY OK NERVE TISSUE. 81 the nerve portion of which is composed of but two neurons—an afferent and an efferent. An arc of this simplicity would of necessity subserve but a simple movement. The majority of reflex activities, however, are extremely complex, and involve the cooperation and coordination of a number of structures frequently situated at distances more or less remote from one another. This implies that a number of neurons are associated in function. The afferent neurons are brought
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. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 16 Time (sec) 32 Figure 6. Peristimulus time histograms showing the effect of efferent activity on the statocyst afferent activity. Extracellular recordings were obtained from afferent neurons from the Octopus crista and then efferents to this segment activated by electrical stimulation (duration and time indicated by heavy bar on time axes). This caused an inhibition of the activity of unit A, but an increase in the activity of unit B. This provides evidence that there are both inhibitory and excitatory efferents innervatin Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-biological-bulletin-biology-zoology-biology-marine-biology-16-time-sec-32-figure-6-peristimulus-time-histograms-showing-the-effect-of-efferent-activity-on-the-statocyst-afferent-activity-extracellular-recordings-were-obtained-from-afferent-neurons-from-the-octopus-crista-and-then-efferents-to-this-segment-activated-by-electrical-stimulation-duration-and-time-indicated-by-heavy-bar-on-time-axes-this-caused-an-inhibition-of-the-activity-of-unit-a-but-an-increase-in-the-activity-of-unit-b-this-provides-evidence-that-there-are-both-inhibitory-and-excitatory-efferents-innervatin-image234644063.html
RMRHMXW3–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 16 Time (sec) 32 Figure 6. Peristimulus time histograms showing the effect of efferent activity on the statocyst afferent activity. Extracellular recordings were obtained from afferent neurons from the Octopus crista and then efferents to this segment activated by electrical stimulation (duration and time indicated by heavy bar on time axes). This caused an inhibition of the activity of unit A, but an increase in the activity of unit B. This provides evidence that there are both inhibitory and excitatory efferents innervatin
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A system of medicine, by many writers; . to the explanation of some of theimportant clinical phenomena of tabes? Reference to the diagram(Fig. 1) will help to explain some of the phenomena of tabes ; namely, thediminution of tonus in the muscles, the incoordination, the absence ofthe knee-jerk, the ataxic gait, Rombergs symptom, and the various dis-turbances of sensation. The afferent system of the neurons of the .spinal ganglion conveysensations from the skin, the muscles, and the tendons and joints, and thesesensations travel by three sets of fibres: (i.) Short, forming the spinalreflex arc Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-system-of-medicine-by-many-writers-to-the-explanation-of-some-of-theimportant-clinical-phenomena-of-tabes-reference-to-the-diagramfig-1-will-help-to-explain-some-of-the-phenomena-of-tabes-namely-thediminution-of-tonus-in-the-muscles-the-incoordination-the-absence-ofthe-knee-jerk-the-ataxic-gait-rombergs-symptom-and-the-various-dis-turbances-of-sensation-the-afferent-system-of-the-neurons-of-the-spinal-ganglion-conveysensations-from-the-skin-the-muscles-and-the-tendons-and-joints-and-thesesensations-travel-by-three-sets-of-fibres-i-short-forming-the-spinalreflex-arc-image338515105.html
RM2AJMKD5–A system of medicine, by many writers; . to the explanation of some of theimportant clinical phenomena of tabes? Reference to the diagram(Fig. 1) will help to explain some of the phenomena of tabes ; namely, thediminution of tonus in the muscles, the incoordination, the absence ofthe knee-jerk, the ataxic gait, Rombergs symptom, and the various dis-turbances of sensation. The afferent system of the neurons of the .spinal ganglion conveysensations from the skin, the muscles, and the tendons and joints, and thesesensations travel by three sets of fibres: (i.) Short, forming the spinalreflex arc
Anatomy of skin, cross section on white background. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/anatomy-of-skin-cross-section-on-white-background-image224157965.html
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Sensorimotor loop: control of the brain to link sensations to motor reactions. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/sensorimotor-loop-control-of-the-brain-to-link-sensations-to-motor-reactions-image476926559.html
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Neuron with yellow nucleus inside. 3d illustration of a high quality Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-neuron-with-yellow-nucleus-inside-3d-illustration-of-a-high-quality-107005250.html
RFG62E82–Neuron with yellow nucleus inside. 3d illustration of a high quality
The anatomy of the nervous system, from the standpoint of development and function . is located in the posterior central gyrus (Areas 1, 2, and 3 of Brodmann).It receives fibers belonging to the thalamic radiation from the lateral nucleus ofthe thalamus and representing neurons of the third order in the afferent pathsfrom the skin, muscles, joints, and tendons. The most conclusive evidence of the sensory function of the posterior centralgyrus is furnished by Cushings (1909) observations on the electric excitabilityof the human cerebral cortex. These tests were made on unanesthetized patientsin Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-anatomy-of-the-nervous-system-from-the-standpoint-of-development-and-function-is-located-in-the-posterior-central-gyrus-areas-1-2-and-3-of-brodmannit-receives-fibers-belonging-to-the-thalamic-radiation-from-the-lateral-nucleus-ofthe-thalamus-and-representing-neurons-of-the-third-order-in-the-afferent-pathsfrom-the-skin-muscles-joints-and-tendons-the-most-conclusive-evidence-of-the-sensory-function-of-the-posterior-centralgyrus-is-furnished-by-cushings-1909-observations-on-the-electric-excitabilityof-the-human-cerebral-cortex-these-tests-were-made-on-unanesthetized-patientsin-image342673664.html
RM2AWE3N4–The anatomy of the nervous system, from the standpoint of development and function . is located in the posterior central gyrus (Areas 1, 2, and 3 of Brodmann).It receives fibers belonging to the thalamic radiation from the lateral nucleus ofthe thalamus and representing neurons of the third order in the afferent pathsfrom the skin, muscles, joints, and tendons. The most conclusive evidence of the sensory function of the posterior centralgyrus is furnished by Cushings (1909) observations on the electric excitabilityof the human cerebral cortex. These tests were made on unanesthetized patientsin
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RFE1JKM2–Illustration of action potential of a nerve cell.
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An American text-book of physiology . hen, the dorsal and lateral columns of the cord appear to containthe chief afferent paths for the sensory impulses, the next step in followingthe pathway is to find the terminations of these tracts. The long tracts in the dorsal columns are connected with the nuclei ofthose columns (nuclei of GoH and of Burdach) on the same side. The cellsof these nuclei send their neurons cephalad; in part they decussate in thesensory crossing and contribute to the formation of the lemniscus, by way ofwhich they pass either directly to the cerebral cortex or reach this on Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/an-american-text-book-of-physiology-hen-the-dorsal-and-lateral-columns-of-the-cord-appear-to-containthe-chief-afferent-paths-for-the-sensory-impulses-the-next-step-in-followingthe-pathway-is-to-find-the-terminations-of-these-tracts-the-long-tracts-in-the-dorsal-columns-are-connected-with-the-nuclei-ofthose-columns-nuclei-of-goh-and-of-burdach-on-the-same-side-the-cellsof-these-nuclei-send-their-neurons-cephalad-in-part-they-decussate-in-thesensory-crossing-and-contribute-to-the-formation-of-the-lemniscus-by-way-ofwhich-they-pass-either-directly-to-the-cerebral-cortex-or-reach-this-on-image338372571.html
RM2AJE5JK–An American text-book of physiology . hen, the dorsal and lateral columns of the cord appear to containthe chief afferent paths for the sensory impulses, the next step in followingthe pathway is to find the terminations of these tracts. The long tracts in the dorsal columns are connected with the nuclei ofthose columns (nuclei of GoH and of Burdach) on the same side. The cellsof these nuclei send their neurons cephalad; in part they decussate in thesensory crossing and contribute to the formation of the lemniscus, by way ofwhich they pass either directly to the cerebral cortex or reach this on
Brain cells on blue background. 3d illustration high quality Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-brain-cells-on-blue-background-3d-illustration-high-quality-107059078.html
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RF2JKWTJJ–The organ of olfaction with the olfactory bulb, supporting cells.
An introductory psychology, with some educational applications . The parts of the nervous systemrepresented are the cerebrimr,cerebeUum, bulb,and segmentof the spinal cord, m, m,motor neurones to some ofthe muscles of the leg. Thesemay be stimulated to coor-dinate action by neurones(w)from the cerebrum, neurones(cb) from the cerebellum, orby the afferent (sensory) neu-rones («/i) from the tendons,etc. In the bulb this affer-ent neurone connects witha second neurons (a/-), andthis with a third (a/^), thusproviding the path to thecerebrum and exciting inconsciousness sensations ofpositions of th Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/an-introductory-psychology-with-some-educational-applications-the-parts-of-the-nervous-systemrepresented-are-the-cerebrimrcerebeuum-bulband-segmentof-the-spinal-cord-m-mmotor-neurones-to-some-ofthe-muscles-of-the-leg-thesemay-be-stimulated-to-coor-dinate-action-by-neuroneswfrom-the-cerebrum-neuronescb-from-the-cerebellum-orby-the-afferent-sensory-neu-rones-i-from-the-tendonsetc-in-the-bulb-this-affer-ent-neurone-connects-witha-second-neurons-a-andthis-with-a-third-a-thusproviding-the-path-to-thecerebrum-and-exciting-inconsciousness-sensations-ofpositions-of-th-image343140811.html
RM2AX7BGY–An introductory psychology, with some educational applications . The parts of the nervous systemrepresented are the cerebrimr,cerebeUum, bulb,and segmentof the spinal cord, m, m,motor neurones to some ofthe muscles of the leg. Thesemay be stimulated to coor-dinate action by neurones(w)from the cerebrum, neurones(cb) from the cerebellum, orby the afferent (sensory) neu-rones («/i) from the tendons,etc. In the bulb this affer-ent neurone connects witha second neurons (a/-), andthis with a third (a/^), thusproviding the path to thecerebrum and exciting inconsciousness sensations ofpositions of th
Brain cells on blue background. 3d illustration high quality Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-brain-cells-on-blue-background-3d-illustration-high-quality-107059166.html
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An American text-book of physiology . d off are loci for cells havingwell-marked and different physiological func-tions. The incoming neurons arriving fromthe cells of the spinal ganglia are limited inthe distribution of the main branches to thedorsal plate, and the cell-bodies which giverise to the efferent fibres are to be found in theventral plate only. The central cells are pres-ent in both plates, though grouped in the local-ity where the two plates come together, andbeing rather more abundant in the dorsal one.The collaterals of the afferent fibres are distrib-uted to both plates. There Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/an-american-text-book-of-physiology-d-off-are-loci-for-cells-havingwell-marked-and-different-physiological-func-tions-the-incoming-neurons-arriving-fromthe-cells-of-the-spinal-ganglia-are-limited-inthe-distribution-of-the-main-branches-to-thedorsal-plate-and-the-cell-bodies-which-giverise-to-the-efferent-fibres-are-to-be-found-in-theventral-plate-only-the-central-cells-are-pres-ent-in-both-plates-though-grouped-in-the-local-ity-where-the-two-plates-come-together-andbeing-rather-more-abundant-in-the-dorsal-onethe-collaterals-of-the-afferent-fibres-are-distrib-uted-to-both-plates-there-image338373557.html
RM2AJE6WW–An American text-book of physiology . d off are loci for cells havingwell-marked and different physiological func-tions. The incoming neurons arriving fromthe cells of the spinal ganglia are limited inthe distribution of the main branches to thedorsal plate, and the cell-bodies which giverise to the efferent fibres are to be found in theventral plate only. The central cells are pres-ent in both plates, though grouped in the local-ity where the two plates come together, andbeing rather more abundant in the dorsal one.The collaterals of the afferent fibres are distrib-uted to both plates. There
Neural network, brain cells, nervous system. 3d illustration Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-neural-network-brain-cells-nervous-system-3d-illustration-107061088.html
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The organ of olfaction with the olfactory bulb, supporting cells. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-organ-of-olfaction-with-the-olfactory-bulb-supporting-cells-image476926481.html
RF2JKWTGH–The organ of olfaction with the olfactory bulb, supporting cells.
The educational meaning of manual arts and industries . s, usually only at the distal end. A cellmay have several dendrons, but usually only one,sometimes two, and very rarely more than two, neu-rons. Both the dendrons and the neurons are pathwaysfor nervous impulses, it being generally assumed thatthe dendrons convey impulses to the cell body and theneurons carry them away from it. It is not certain,however, that a given branch may not contain twopathways, or^e afferent and the other efiferent. Nerve Development.—According to Professor Don-aldson, a study of a section of the developing spinal Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-educational-meaning-of-manual-arts-and-industries-s-usually-only-at-the-distal-end-a-cellmay-have-several-dendrons-but-usually-only-onesometimes-two-and-very-rarely-more-than-two-neu-rons-both-the-dendrons-and-the-neurons-are-pathwaysfor-nervous-impulses-it-being-generally-assumed-thatthe-dendrons-convey-impulses-to-the-cell-body-and-theneurons-carry-them-away-from-it-it-is-not-certainhowever-that-a-given-branch-may-not-contain-twopathways-ore-afferent-and-the-other-efiferent-nerve-developmentaccording-to-professor-don-aldson-a-study-of-a-section-of-the-developing-spinal-image340113297.html
RM2AN9DYD–The educational meaning of manual arts and industries . s, usually only at the distal end. A cellmay have several dendrons, but usually only one,sometimes two, and very rarely more than two, neu-rons. Both the dendrons and the neurons are pathwaysfor nervous impulses, it being generally assumed thatthe dendrons convey impulses to the cell body and theneurons carry them away from it. It is not certain,however, that a given branch may not contain twopathways, or^e afferent and the other efiferent. Nerve Development.—According to Professor Don-aldson, a study of a section of the developing spinal
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The anatomy of the nervous system, from the standpoint of development and function . an irritation of the gastric mucous membrane a wave of excitationtravels along the afferent fibers of the vagus nerve and the tractus solitarius.After passing through synapses in the nucleus of that tract, the impulses probably I I II 1:1 I PA III> AM) K 1.1 1.1 mm S travel along the descending fibers, which arise in that nucleus, to the primarymotor neurons of the spinal cord that give rise to the fibers innervating the dia-phragm an<l abdominal muscles. At the same time the musculature of thestomac Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-anatomy-of-the-nervous-system-from-the-standpoint-of-development-and-function-an-irritation-of-the-gastric-mucous-membrane-a-wave-of-excitationtravels-along-the-afferent-fibers-of-the-vagus-nerve-and-the-tractus-solitariusafter-passing-through-synapses-in-the-nucleus-of-that-tract-the-impulses-probably-i-i-ii-11-i-pa-iiigt-am-k-11-11-mm-s-travel-along-the-descending-fibers-which-arise-in-that-nucleus-to-the-primarymotor-neurons-of-the-spinal-cord-that-give-rise-to-the-fibers-innervating-the-dia-phragm-anltl-abdominal-muscles-at-the-same-time-the-musculature-of-thestomac-image342664626.html
RM2AWDM6A–The anatomy of the nervous system, from the standpoint of development and function . an irritation of the gastric mucous membrane a wave of excitationtravels along the afferent fibers of the vagus nerve and the tractus solitarius.After passing through synapses in the nucleus of that tract, the impulses probably I I II 1:1 I PA III> AM) K 1.1 1.1 mm S travel along the descending fibers, which arise in that nucleus, to the primarymotor neurons of the spinal cord that give rise to the fibers innervating the dia-phragm an<l abdominal muscles. At the same time the musculature of thestomac
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The anatomy of the nervous system, from the standpoint of development and function . an irritation of the gastric mucous membrane a wave of excitationtravels along the afferent fibers of the vagus nerve and the tractus solitarius.After passing through synapses in the nucleus of that tract, the impulses probably I I II 1:1 I PA III> AM) K 1.1 1.1 mm S travel along the descending fibers, which arise in that nucleus, to the primarymotor neurons of the spinal cord that give rise to the fibers innervating the dia-phragm an<l abdominal muscles. At the same time the musculature of thestomac Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-anatomy-of-the-nervous-system-from-the-standpoint-of-development-and-function-an-irritation-of-the-gastric-mucous-membrane-a-wave-of-excitationtravels-along-the-afferent-fibers-of-the-vagus-nerve-and-the-tractus-solitariusafter-passing-through-synapses-in-the-nucleus-of-that-tract-the-impulses-probably-i-i-ii-11-i-pa-iiigt-am-k-11-11-mm-s-travel-along-the-descending-fibers-which-arise-in-that-nucleus-to-the-primarymotor-neurons-of-the-spinal-cord-that-give-rise-to-the-fibers-innervating-the-dia-phragm-anltl-abdominal-muscles-at-the-same-time-the-musculature-of-thestomac-image342663832.html
RM2AWDK60–The anatomy of the nervous system, from the standpoint of development and function . an irritation of the gastric mucous membrane a wave of excitationtravels along the afferent fibers of the vagus nerve and the tractus solitarius.After passing through synapses in the nucleus of that tract, the impulses probably I I II 1:1 I PA III> AM) K 1.1 1.1 mm S travel along the descending fibers, which arise in that nucleus, to the primarymotor neurons of the spinal cord that give rise to the fibers innervating the dia-phragm an<l abdominal muscles. At the same time the musculature of thestomac
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RF2JKWMKM–The eye and retina with the vitreous, the internal limiting membrane.
. Biology and human life. Biology. 222 BIOLOGY AND HUMAN LIFE 4. Neurons in the brain. Many of these are not directly re- lated to outward reactions but are related to knowing, feeling, and the voluntary control of the muscles. Suppose a certain part of the sciatic nerve (the main nerve trunk runnino; down the leg) were cut, destroying the afferent. Fig. 113. Localization of functions in the cerebrum By studying human beings and other animals in which the brain had been injured, and by making experiments, it has been ascertained that certain regions of the brain cortex are related to receiving Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/biology-and-human-life-biology-222-biology-and-human-life-4-neurons-in-the-brain-many-of-these-are-not-directly-re-lated-to-outward-reactions-but-are-related-to-knowing-feeling-and-the-voluntary-control-of-the-muscles-suppose-a-certain-part-of-the-sciatic-nerve-the-main-nerve-trunk-runnino-down-the-leg-were-cut-destroying-the-afferent-fig-113-localization-of-functions-in-the-cerebrum-by-studying-human-beings-and-other-animals-in-which-the-brain-had-been-injured-and-by-making-experiments-it-has-been-ascertained-that-certain-regions-of-the-brain-cortex-are-related-to-receiving-image234606780.html
RMRHK79G–. Biology and human life. Biology. 222 BIOLOGY AND HUMAN LIFE 4. Neurons in the brain. Many of these are not directly re- lated to outward reactions but are related to knowing, feeling, and the voluntary control of the muscles. Suppose a certain part of the sciatic nerve (the main nerve trunk runnino; down the leg) were cut, destroying the afferent. Fig. 113. Localization of functions in the cerebrum By studying human beings and other animals in which the brain had been injured, and by making experiments, it has been ascertained that certain regions of the brain cortex are related to receiving
SENSORIMOTOR SYSTEM Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/sensorimotor-system-image62636550.html
. Elementary biology; an introduction to the science of life. Biology. TROPISMS AND THE BEGINNINGS OF SENSE 227 and of the pharynx there are Httle projections called papilUe, which contain the nerve endings of the neurons connected with the cells that feel taste. The wry face that one makes on tasting something disagreeable is a reflex in which the afferent nerves of taste and the mus- cular nerves controlling the muscles of the lips, tongue, and cheeks form the arc. There are also associated in this kind of reflex other neurons that stimulate the salivary glands. Your mouth waters on tasting Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elementary-biology-an-introduction-to-the-science-of-life-biology-tropisms-and-the-beginnings-of-sense-227-and-of-the-pharynx-there-are-httle-projections-called-papilue-which-contain-the-nerve-endings-of-the-neurons-connected-with-the-cells-that-feel-taste-the-wry-face-that-one-makes-on-tasting-something-disagreeable-is-a-reflex-in-which-the-afferent-nerves-of-taste-and-the-mus-cular-nerves-controlling-the-muscles-of-the-lips-tongue-and-cheeks-form-the-arc-there-are-also-associated-in-this-kind-of-reflex-other-neurons-that-stimulate-the-salivary-glands-your-mouth-waters-on-tasting-image231787777.html
RMRD2RJW–. Elementary biology; an introduction to the science of life. Biology. TROPISMS AND THE BEGINNINGS OF SENSE 227 and of the pharynx there are Httle projections called papilUe, which contain the nerve endings of the neurons connected with the cells that feel taste. The wry face that one makes on tasting something disagreeable is a reflex in which the afferent nerves of taste and the mus- cular nerves controlling the muscles of the lips, tongue, and cheeks form the arc. There are also associated in this kind of reflex other neurons that stimulate the salivary glands. Your mouth waters on tasting
. Elementary biology; an introduction to the science of life. Biology. NERVES AND THE REACTIONS OF ORGANISMS 221 the brain, or as in some neurons in the gray part of the spinal cord; or the axon may be very long, like those in the neurons extending from the lower part of the spinal cord to the ends of the toes or through the length of the arm, 257. Kinds of neurons. The follow- ing different types of neurons may be recognized. 1. Those that bring impjilses toivard the cord or brain, — the afferent, or sensory, neurons. 2. Those that carry impulses from the cord or brain, — the efferent neu- ro Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elementary-biology-an-introduction-to-the-science-of-life-biology-nerves-and-the-reactions-of-organisms-221-the-brain-or-as-in-some-neurons-in-the-gray-part-of-the-spinal-cord-or-the-axon-may-be-very-long-like-those-in-the-neurons-extending-from-the-lower-part-of-the-spinal-cord-to-the-ends-of-the-toes-or-through-the-length-of-the-arm-257-kinds-of-neurons-the-follow-ing-different-types-of-neurons-may-be-recognized-1-those-that-bring-impjilses-toivard-the-cord-or-brain-the-afferent-or-sensory-neurons-2-those-that-carry-impulses-from-the-cord-or-brain-the-efferent-neu-ro-image231787783.html
RMRD2RK3–. Elementary biology; an introduction to the science of life. Biology. NERVES AND THE REACTIONS OF ORGANISMS 221 the brain, or as in some neurons in the gray part of the spinal cord; or the axon may be very long, like those in the neurons extending from the lower part of the spinal cord to the ends of the toes or through the length of the arm, 257. Kinds of neurons. The follow- ing different types of neurons may be recognized. 1. Those that bring impjilses toivard the cord or brain, — the afferent, or sensory, neurons. 2. Those that carry impulses from the cord or brain, — the efferent neu- ro
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RMCT3YJ2–SENSE OF SMELL
. Advanced biology. Biology; Physiology; Reproduction. AXON rons is commonly known as a synapse. The sense organs, known as receptors, receive the stimulus which starts the nerve current. The ends of the nerve fibers of these organs are on the outside (skin) of the body. The muscles or glands are called effectors because they bring about activity. An axon that connects with a sense organ is called an in-going, sensory, or afferent axon; one that connects with a muscle or gland is an out- going motor, or efferent axon. The neurons possessing these axons mav be either sensorv or motor neurons. F Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/advanced-biology-biology-physiology-reproduction-axon-rons-is-commonly-known-as-a-synapse-the-sense-organs-known-as-receptors-receive-the-stimulus-which-starts-the-nerve-current-the-ends-of-the-nerve-fibers-of-these-organs-are-on-the-outside-skin-of-the-body-the-muscles-or-glands-are-called-effectors-because-they-bring-about-activity-an-axon-that-connects-with-a-sense-organ-is-called-an-in-going-sensory-or-afferent-axon-one-that-connects-with-a-muscle-or-gland-is-an-out-going-motor-or-efferent-axon-the-neurons-possessing-these-axons-mav-be-either-sensorv-or-motor-neurons-f-image237921756.html
RMRR27HG–. Advanced biology. Biology; Physiology; Reproduction. AXON rons is commonly known as a synapse. The sense organs, known as receptors, receive the stimulus which starts the nerve current. The ends of the nerve fibers of these organs are on the outside (skin) of the body. The muscles or glands are called effectors because they bring about activity. An axon that connects with a sense organ is called an in-going, sensory, or afferent axon; one that connects with a muscle or gland is an out- going motor, or efferent axon. The neurons possessing these axons mav be either sensorv or motor neurons. F
. Comparative embryology of the vertebrates; with 2057 drawings and photos. grouped as 380 illus. Vertebrates -- Embryology; Comparative embryology. DEVELOPMENT OF PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 835 HEMISPHERES. = CEREBRAL LONGITUDINA LOBES L FISS JHE -TRANSVERSE FISSU E EREBELLOM A OBLONGATA NAL CORD 0 Fig. 357—Continued For legend see p. 832. of the heart, blood vessels, digestive, urinary and reproductive organs, and other involuntary musculature. It differs from the cerebrospinal nerve series in its efferent system of neurons, and not in the afferent system. The latter is composed of ordinary a Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/comparative-embryology-of-the-vertebrates-with-2057-drawings-and-photos-grouped-as-380-illus-vertebrates-embryology-comparative-embryology-development-of-peripheral-nervous-system-835-hemispheres-=-cerebral-longitudina-lobes-l-fiss-jhe-transverse-fissu-e-erebellom-a-oblongata-nal-cord-0-fig-357continued-for-legend-see-p-832-of-the-heart-blood-vessels-digestive-urinary-and-reproductive-organs-and-other-involuntary-musculature-it-differs-from-the-cerebrospinal-nerve-series-in-its-efferent-system-of-neurons-and-not-in-the-afferent-system-the-latter-is-composed-of-ordinary-a-image232665331.html
RMREER03–. Comparative embryology of the vertebrates; with 2057 drawings and photos. grouped as 380 illus. Vertebrates -- Embryology; Comparative embryology. DEVELOPMENT OF PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 835 HEMISPHERES. = CEREBRAL LONGITUDINA LOBES L FISS JHE -TRANSVERSE FISSU E EREBELLOM A OBLONGATA NAL CORD 0 Fig. 357—Continued For legend see p. 832. of the heart, blood vessels, digestive, urinary and reproductive organs, and other involuntary musculature. It differs from the cerebrospinal nerve series in its efferent system of neurons, and not in the afferent system. The latter is composed of ordinary a
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RMCT22R0–SENSE OF SMELL
. Comparative anatomy. Anatomy, Comparative. 148 COMPARATIVE ANATOMY upon itself so that the two processes are joined into one which divides into two near the cell-body (Fig. no). Most types of receptor neurons are epithehal. In some of these the receptor cell itself produces a nerve fiber which conducts to the central organ (e.g., an olfactory cell and its fiber). In such case, one neuron serves as both receptor and conductor. In other cases, as in the auditory organ, the epithehal receptors do not produce nerve fibers but are intimately related to the terminal twigs of afferent nerve fibers Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/comparative-anatomy-anatomy-comparative-148-comparative-anatomy-upon-itself-so-that-the-two-processes-are-joined-into-one-which-divides-into-two-near-the-cell-body-fig-no-most-types-of-receptor-neurons-are-epithehal-in-some-of-these-the-receptor-cell-itself-produces-a-nerve-fiber-which-conducts-to-the-central-organ-eg-an-olfactory-cell-and-its-fiber-in-such-case-one-neuron-serves-as-both-receptor-and-conductor-in-other-cases-as-in-the-auditory-organ-the-epithehal-receptors-do-not-produce-nerve-fibers-but-are-intimately-related-to-the-terminal-twigs-of-afferent-nerve-fibers-image232679227.html
RMREFCMB–. Comparative anatomy. Anatomy, Comparative. 148 COMPARATIVE ANATOMY upon itself so that the two processes are joined into one which divides into two near the cell-body (Fig. no). Most types of receptor neurons are epithehal. In some of these the receptor cell itself produces a nerve fiber which conducts to the central organ (e.g., an olfactory cell and its fiber). In such case, one neuron serves as both receptor and conductor. In other cases, as in the auditory organ, the epithehal receptors do not produce nerve fibers but are intimately related to the terminal twigs of afferent nerve fibers
. Adventures with animals and plants. Biology. 278 Receptor Why Living Things Behave As They Do unit v Spinal cord Afferent (sensory) neuron. Fig. 264 The simplest type of reflex arc. No intermediary neuron is shown. Note that the eel! body of the afferent neuroji lies outside of the cord {in a ganglion). It is different fro?n the neurons you have seen before. It has one very long dendrite. Where are its ends? another nerve cell, but with a muscle cell in the arm. The muscle cell is the effec- tor. When the impulse reaches it the muscle cell contracts. In this reflex act, there were used, firs Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/adventures-with-animals-and-plants-biology-278-receptor-why-living-things-behave-as-they-do-unit-v-spinal-cord-afferent-sensory-neuron-fig-264-the-simplest-type-of-reflex-arc-no-intermediary-neuron-is-shown-note-that-the-eel!-body-of-the-afferent-neuroji-lies-outside-of-the-cord-in-a-ganglion-it-is-different-fron-the-neurons-you-have-seen-before-it-has-one-very-long-dendrite-where-are-its-ends-another-nerve-cell-but-with-a-muscle-cell-in-the-arm-the-muscle-cell-is-the-effec-tor-when-the-impulse-reaches-it-the-muscle-cell-contracts-in-this-reflex-act-there-were-used-firs-image237889091.html
RMRR0NXY–. Adventures with animals and plants. Biology. 278 Receptor Why Living Things Behave As They Do unit v Spinal cord Afferent (sensory) neuron. Fig. 264 The simplest type of reflex arc. No intermediary neuron is shown. Note that the eel! body of the afferent neuroji lies outside of the cord {in a ganglion). It is different fro?n the neurons you have seen before. It has one very long dendrite. Where are its ends? another nerve cell, but with a muscle cell in the arm. The muscle cell is the effec- tor. When the impulse reaches it the muscle cell contracts. In this reflex act, there were used, firs
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. Frequency (Hz). Log Frequency (Hz) Figure 4. Power spectra of electric organ discharges recorded from Raja erinacea (A) and Raja ocellala (B) compared with frequency response curves generated for anterior lateral line nerve (ALLN) electrosensory afferent fibers and medullary ascending electrosensory neurons (AENs) (C). Bottom graph modified from New (1990). there were frequently one or several small, sharp, positive peaks superimposed upon the slower negative wave (Fig. 3B). However, the shape of the waveform appeared to be Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-biological-bulletin-biology-zoology-biology-marine-biology-frequency-hz-log-frequency-hz-figure-4-power-spectra-of-electric-organ-discharges-recorded-from-raja-erinacea-a-and-raja-ocellala-b-compared-with-frequency-response-curves-generated-for-anterior-lateral-line-nerve-alln-electrosensory-afferent-fibers-and-medullary-ascending-electrosensory-neurons-aens-c-bottom-graph-modified-from-new-1990-there-were-frequently-one-or-several-small-sharp-positive-peaks-superimposed-upon-the-slower-negative-wave-fig-3b-however-the-shape-of-the-waveform-appeared-to-be-image234632984.html
RMRHMCNC–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. Frequency (Hz). Log Frequency (Hz) Figure 4. Power spectra of electric organ discharges recorded from Raja erinacea (A) and Raja ocellala (B) compared with frequency response curves generated for anterior lateral line nerve (ALLN) electrosensory afferent fibers and medullary ascending electrosensory neurons (AENs) (C). Bottom graph modified from New (1990). there were frequently one or several small, sharp, positive peaks superimposed upon the slower negative wave (Fig. 3B). However, the shape of the waveform appeared to be
. The chordates. Chordata. 142 Basic Structure of Vertebrates SPINAL CORD. A. DIAGRAM OF A REFLEX ARC Fig. 133. Diagram of a nervous arc. (A) Three neurons—afferent, intercalary, and efferent—are shown in their relations to one another and to the skin and muscle. The intercalary neuron is located in the gray matter of the spinal cord. (B) An enlarged section of a nerve-fiber. (Courtesy, Neal and Band: "Chordate A.natomy," Philadelphia, The Blakiston Company.) mated so that the nervous impulse passes from one fibril to another in a manner analogous to that in which an electric current Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-chordates-chordata-142-basic-structure-of-vertebrates-spinal-cord-a-diagram-of-a-reflex-arc-fig-133-diagram-of-a-nervous-arc-a-three-neuronsafferent-intercalary-and-efferentare-shown-in-their-relations-to-one-another-and-to-the-skin-and-muscle-the-intercalary-neuron-is-located-in-the-gray-matter-of-the-spinal-cord-b-an-enlarged-section-of-a-nerve-fiber-courtesy-neal-and-band-quotchordate-anatomyquot-philadelphia-the-blakiston-company-mated-so-that-the-nervous-impulse-passes-from-one-fibril-to-another-in-a-manner-analogous-to-that-in-which-an-electric-current-image234924085.html
RMRJ5M1W–. The chordates. Chordata. 142 Basic Structure of Vertebrates SPINAL CORD. A. DIAGRAM OF A REFLEX ARC Fig. 133. Diagram of a nervous arc. (A) Three neurons—afferent, intercalary, and efferent—are shown in their relations to one another and to the skin and muscle. The intercalary neuron is located in the gray matter of the spinal cord. (B) An enlarged section of a nerve-fiber. (Courtesy, Neal and Band: "Chordate A.natomy," Philadelphia, The Blakiston Company.) mated so that the nervous impulse passes from one fibril to another in a manner analogous to that in which an electric current
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