battle of standard 1138 scotland england king david 1st I Northallerton, English forces repelled Scottish army, Cowton Moor Yo
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battle of standard 1138 scotland england king david 1st I Northallerton, English forces repelled Scottish army, Cowton Moor Yorkshire. The English were commanded by William of Aumale Stephen of England fighting rebel barons mercenaries local militia baronial retinues YorkshireMidlands. Archbishop Thurstan of York mast mounted upon a cart bearing a pyx carrying consecrated host and from which were flown the consecrated banners of the minsters of York, Beverley and Ripon: hence the name of the battle. This cart-mounted standard was a very northerly example of a type of standard common in contemporary Italy, where it was known as a carroccio. David had entered England for two declared reasons To support his niece Matilda's claim to the English throne against that of King Stephen (married to another nieceTo enlarge his kingdom beyond his previous gains.David’s forces had already taken much of Northumberland apart from castles at Wark[5] and Bamburgh.Advancing beyond the Tees towards York, early on 22 August 1138 the Scots found the English army drawn up on open fields two miles north of Northallerton; they formed up in four ‘lines’ to attack it. The first attack, by unarmoured spearmen against armoured men (including dismounted knights) supported by telling fire from archers failed. Within three hours, the Scots army disintegrated, apart from small bodies of knights and men-at-arms around David and his son Henry. At this point, Henry led a spirited attack with mounted knights; he and David then withdrew separately with their immediate companions in relatively good order. Heavy Scots losses are claimed, in battle and in flight. The English did not pursue far; David fell back to Carlisle and reassembled an army. Within a month, a truce was negotiated which left the Scots free to continue the siege of Wark castle, which eventually fell. Despite losing the battle, David was subsequently given most of the territorial concessions he had been seeking (which the chronicl