. Insects, injurious and beneficial, their natural history and classification, for the use of fruit growers, vine growers, farmers, gardeners and schools . a very few the old skin is merely rent on the back, and nearlyincloses the pupa. In the larvae of a great many kinds ofTwo-winged Flies the larval-skin merely contracts and hard-ens (Fig. 76), completely inclosing the pupa. Those insects which pass through the various stages detailedabove, are said to have a complete transformation (metamor-phosis). But there are many insects (such as Grasshoppers, Plant-bugs, etc.), which, when hatched fro
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. Insects, injurious and beneficial, their natural history and classification, for the use of fruit growers, vine growers, farmers, gardeners and schools . a very few the old skin is merely rent on the back, and nearlyincloses the pupa. In the larvae of a great many kinds ofTwo-winged Flies the larval-skin merely contracts and hard-ens (Fig. 76), completely inclosing the pupa. Those insects which pass through the various stages detailedabove, are said to have a complete transformation (metamor-phosis). But there are many insects (such as Grasshoppers, Plant-bugs, etc.), which, when hatched from the egg, very closely Fig. 85. Fig. 86.. resemble the adult or parent insect, except that they are alwaysdestitute of wings (Fig. 65, c); after increasing somewhat insize they cast their skins and appear in the same form as THE TRANSFORMATIONS OF INSECTS. 21 before, except that there is usually a pair of small wing-padswhere the wings are to be in the perfect insect. At each suc-ceeding moult, or casting of the skin, the form still remainsas before, except that the wing-pads are larger (Fig. 65, g), andfinally the insect moults for the last time, and appears withfully developed wings (as the Chinch Bug, Fig. 85). All thistime it has been able to move about and to take food. When about to cast its skin, the insect firmly fastens thehooks at the ends of its feet into some object; in a short timethe skin on its back splits open and the included insect makesits escape. Insects which pass through their different stages in thismanner, are said to have an incomplete transformation (meta-morphosis). Some insects which are worm-like