Elements of animal physiology, chiefly human . ed from eachother by a large thin muscular partition, termed thediaphragm, or midriff. 35. The Thorax or chest contains the thoracic cavity, inwhich are lodged the heart, lungs, trachea, and portionsof several of the larger blood-vessels (the aorta, vena cava,and pulmonary vessels), and the dorsal portions of thespinal cord, and of the bony axis by which it is protected,also a portion of the oesophagus (gullet or food-pipe), and 24 ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY. tlie thoracic and, and of the sympathetic ov ganglionic-nerve-system, not shown in the diagram. Th
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Elements of animal physiology, chiefly human . ed from eachother by a large thin muscular partition, termed thediaphragm, or midriff. 35. The Thorax or chest contains the thoracic cavity, inwhich are lodged the heart, lungs, trachea, and portionsof several of the larger blood-vessels (the aorta, vena cava, and pulmonary vessels), and the dorsal portions of thespinal cord, and of the bony axis by which it is protected, also a portion of the oesophagus (gullet or food-pipe), and 24 ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY. tlie thoracic and, and of the sympathetic ov ganglionic-nerve-system, not shown in the diagram. The spinal cord, which is a sort of continuation of the hravidown the middle of the back-bone, transmits nervous impressionsto and mental commands from the brain to the various parts ofthe. body. It also acts as an independent centre of motion orreflex action. Trachea.^Right Carotid Artery. *, , ^ Right Jugular Veiri.--.^^ Bight SubclavianVeiu. Spinal Column, ^(Esophagus (Gullet).^, , .Left Carotid Artery- , -Left Jugular Veinw Left SuljclavianVein.. lUght Auricle (ofHeart). EonyAxisof Arm.Diaphragm, Large IntestineTransverse Colon). Small IntestLues. Fig. 2. Front view of the Organs of the Trunk.The walls of the thorax are strengthened for the moresecure protection of their visceral contents by a bony cage-work, consisting of the ribs, the dorsal portion of the THIS CAVITY OF THE ABDOMEN. 25 back-bone, and the breast-bone. The sternum (breast-bone) and the front portions of the ribs (the cut ends ofwhich are seen) are supposed to be removed in fig. 2, inorder to expose the contained organs. The cavity of the thorax contains the chief blood-puri-fying and hlood-circulating organs. 36. Transverse Section of the Thorax.—The followingdiagram sufficiently explains the structure of the thoraxand its contents, as displayed by a section across the heartand lungs perpendicular to the vertebral column (back-bone), the outer integument and layer of subcutaneous fat having been removed.