Diseases of economic plants (1910) Diseases of economic plants diseasesofeconom00stev Year: 1910 230 DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS Black mold {Alternaria Brassicoe (Berk.) Sacc). â The affected spots are nearly black, marked concentrically, are circular, and are not definitely bordered, i.e., they shade off gradually into the surrounding healthy tissue. Fig. 108. â CoUard black mold as seen from upper side of the leaf. Original. They enlarge sometimes to 2-3 cm. in diameter. The tissue dries, becomes brittle, and often falls away, leaving ragged holes. The general appearance of the spot as

Diseases of economic plants (1910) Diseases of economic plants diseasesofeconom00stev Year: 1910 230 DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS Black mold {Alternaria Brassicoe (Berk.) Sacc). â The affected spots are nearly black, marked concentrically, are circular, and are not definitely bordered, i.e., they shade off gradually into the surrounding healthy tissue. Fig. 108. â CoUard black mold as seen from upper side of the leaf. Original. They enlarge sometimes to 2-3 cm. in diameter. The tissue dries, becomes brittle, and often falls away, leaving ragged holes. The general appearance of the spot as Stock Photo

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Diseases of economic plants (1910) Diseases of economic plants diseasesofeconom00stev Year: 1910 230 DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS Black mold {Alternaria Brassicoe (Berk.) Sacc). â The affected spots are nearly black, marked concentrically, are circular, and are not definitely bordered, i.e., they shade off gradually into the surrounding healthy tissue. Fig. 108. â CoUard black mold as seen from upper side of the leaf. Original. They enlarge sometimes to 2-3 cm. in diameter. The tissue dries, becomes brittle, and often falls away, leaving ragged holes. The general appearance of the spot as seen from above is pale green; as seen from the lower surface, shown in Fig. 108, it is densely black, strongly contrasting with

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RMT1H40C–Diseases of economic plants (1910) Diseases of economic plants diseasesofeconom00stev Year: 1910 Cy 't ,

RMT1J46F–Diseases of economic plants (1910) Diseases of economic plants diseasesofeconom00stev Year: 1910 Fig. .183. — Fruiting body of Polyporus pinicola upon log rotted by the fungus. After von Schrenk.

RMT1H1PR–Diseases of economic plants (1910) Diseases of economic plants diseasesofeconom00stev Year: 1910 274 DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS While this disease as caused by Rhizoctonia has long been known in Europe, especially in Germany, no record of it h'la. 122. — Potato attacked by Corticium. After Rolfs. was made in America until 1891. Since that date it has been noted upon many hosts in many states. See p. 61.

RMT1HRKW–Diseases of economic plants (1910) Diseases of economic plants diseasesofeconom00stev Year: 1910 328 DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS and is present to some extent in most fields of this country, though often unnoticed on account of the early season of Fig. 139. — Loose smut of barley in various stages of development. After Johnson. its development, and its absence at harvest time. Every spikelet of the smutted head is usually affected and entirely

RMT1HJBF–Diseases of economic plants (1910) Diseases of economic plants diseasesofeconom00stev Year: 1910 200 DISEASJiS OF ECONOMIC PLANTS Since the spores are spread only when they are wet, hancUing or disturbing the vines in any way while the Fie. 89. — Bean rust upon leaf and pods ; note the numerous sori upon both surfaces. After Beach. dew or rain is still upon them should be avoided. Seeds already bearing the fungus, i.e., spotted seeds, should never be planted, since they not only raise sick plants,

RMT1HR2G–Diseases of economic plants (1910) Diseases of economic plants diseasesofeconom00stev Year: 1910 VEGETABLE AND FIELD CHOPS 317 There is no objection to the use of stable manure which does not contain the fungus, but experience has shown that when the wilt once gains entrance to the compost heap or barnyard, it remains there for years, and all of the manure taken out of such a yard is likely to spread the disease. Hence it is exceedingly dangerous in re- gions where the wilt prevails to use any stable manure on the field where melons are to be planted. Varieties resist- ant to this disease ha

RMT1HN95–Diseases of economic plants (1910) Diseases of economic plants diseasesofeconom00stev Year: 1910 262 DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS This disease was first described by Rolfs from Florida and has since been found in many Southern States upon a wide range of plants. The application of a clear, preventive fungicide, such as ammoniacal copper carbonate, to the ground at the base of the plant, and where any part touches the ground, so that it can soak into the ground near by and cover the stem itself, has. proved beneficial. The first application should be made at the earliest sign of the blight, o

RMT1HXH4–Diseases of economic plants (1910) Diseases of economic plants diseasesofeconom00stev Year: 1910 TREES AND TIMBER 439 vated perithecia, the cluster surrounded by a border of dead tissue. Premature defoliation results. The disease is very abundant in all parts of the United States. In- fected materials should be burned in the fall. Powdery mildew, uncinulose. See oak. Powdery mildew, phyliactinose. See oak, FILBERT. See hazel. FIR Rust (Aecidium elatinum All). & Schw.). — This cluster-cup fungus has been noted in Minnesota.' It produces bushy distortions, 'Svitches' brooms,' by causing profus

RMT1HYAE–Diseases of economic plants (1910) Diseases of economic plants diseasesofeconom00stev Year: 1910 462 DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS in 1896 in Massachusetts. It was rapidly spread through- out this country by diseased stock, and is now known in nearly all localities where the chrysanthemum is culti- vated. The loss occasioned by the diminution in vigor of the plant and consequent imperfection of blooms is large. The sori, 2-3 mm. in di- ameter, which are diagnostic, first appear as small blisters covered by the epidermis. The rupture of this covering discloses a dark brown mass of spores. The s

RMT1HRX8–Diseases of economic plants (1910) Diseases of economic plants diseasesofeconom00stev Year: 1910 332 DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS brane eventually bursts, loosening a powdery, dry, black mass of spores through which fibrous veins of the corn plant still pene- trate. It has been conclusively dem- onstrated that the causal fungus is not conveyed to the new crop in the seed, as is the case with so many other smuts, and that therefore no form of seed treatment is of value for its pre- vention. The sow- ing of seed covered with smut spores does not result in any more smut than does the use of un-

RMT1HJNX–Diseases of economic plants (1910) Diseases of economic plants diseasesofeconom00stev Year: 1910 206 DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS is destructive upon the lima bean, producing upon pods and leaves large, brown patches, with the pycnidia ar- ranged in concentric circles. When the disease is very prevalent, the pods fail to V mature their seeds. Spraying with Bordeaux mixture is recommended. Powdery mildew {Ery- siphe polygoni DC). — The characters of the powdery mildews as described for the grape apply here suffi- ciently to serve for recog- nition purposes. This dis- ease is not usually seriou

RMT1J49W–Diseases of economic plants (1910) Diseases of economic plants diseasesofeconom00stev Year: 1910 DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS trunk. The fungus has also been trees many years after they had died. found growing on Neighboring trees Fig. 185. — Log rotted by Polyporus Schweinitzii. After von Schrenk. generally become infected from a diseased tree, through the small fibrous roots. Root rot {Polyporus Schweinitzii Fr.). — A destructive root rot of spruce, fir, arbor vitse, and pine, by weakening the root or trunk, leads to the overthrow of the tree by wind.

RMT1HTPJ–Diseases of economic plants (1910) Diseases of economic plants diseasesofeconom00stev Year: 1910 CEREALS 373 The drained sacks or baskets of seed should be plunged into tub No. 1 for a minute, then transferred to tub No. 2, and kept agitated while immersed at temperatures and for the periods specified below, the temperatures mentioned being Fig. 159. — Diagram showing a convenient arrangement of utensils for the Jensen hot-water treatment. Aiter Swingle. maintained as nearly as possible: For barley, 15 minutes at 52° C. (125.6° F.). For wheat, 10 minutes at 54° C. (129.2° F.). In treating