A dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities.. . es between the volutes being oc-cupied by flowers, masks, or arabesques, or by an-other pair of volutes intertwining with each other.In the earlier examples, however, there is fre-quently only one row of acanthus leaves ; and inthe so-called Tower of the Winds the volutes arewanting, and the capital consists only of anastragal, a single row of acanthus leaves, and arow of tongue-shaped leaves. In all the examples,except the last-mentioned, the abacus, instead ofbeing square, as in the other orders, is hollowed atthe edges, and the middle of each

A dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities.. . es between the volutes being oc-cupied by flowers, masks, or arabesques, or by an-other pair of volutes intertwining with each other.In the earlier examples, however, there is fre-quently only one row of acanthus leaves ; and inthe so-called Tower of the Winds the volutes arewanting, and the capital consists only of anastragal, a single row of acanthus leaves, and arow of tongue-shaped leaves. In all the examples,except the last-mentioned, the abacus, instead ofbeing square, as in the other orders, is hollowed atthe edges, and the middle of each Stock Photo

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A dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities.. . es between the volutes being oc-cupied by flowers, masks, or arabesques, or by an-other pair of volutes intertwining with each other.In the earlier examples, however, there is fre-quently only one row of acanthus leaves ; and inthe so-called Tower of the Winds the volutes arewanting, and the capital consists only of anastragal, a single row of acanthus leaves, and arow of tongue-shaped leaves. In all the examples, except the last-mentioned, the abacus, instead ofbeing square, as in the other orders, is hollowed atthe edges, and the middle of each edge is orna-mented with a flower. The ornaments of thecapital were sometimes cast in bronze. The orderseems to have been invented about the time of thePeloponnesian War; but it did not come into generaluse till some time afterwards. The earliest knownexample of its use throughout a building is in thechoragic monument of Lysicrates, which was builtin B.C. 335 (see Diet, of Biog. art. Lysicrates), andfrom which the following engraving is taken..

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RM2AJM2C0–School dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities . the 24 AMPHITHEATRUM. praeclnctio, but was intersected at intervalsby spaces for passages left between the seats,called scalae, or scalaria ; and the portion be-tween two such passf^es was called cuneus,because the space gradually widened like awedge, from the podium to the top of thebuilding. The entrances to the seats fromthe outer porticcs were called vomitoria.At the very summit was the narrow plat-form for the men who had to attend to thevelarium, or awning, by which the buildingwas covered as a defence against the sun AMPHITHEATRUM. and

RM2AWJ56X–A dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities.. . es were gilded; and thatthe belt or circle which divided the several ranksof spectators from each other, was studded with aprecious mosaic of beautiful stones. The following ground-plan, external elevation,and section, are from Hirt, and contain of coursesome conjectural details. The ground plan is soarranged as to exhibit in each of its quarters theplan of each of the stories: thus, the lower right AMPHITHEATRUM. hand quarter shows the true ground-plan, or thatof the lowest story ; the .next on the left shows aplan of the erections on the level

RM2AKXCJE–A dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities.. . in the shape of the aer6s or fastigium [Fastigium],which is placed over the extremity of a temple.The /cto^es, or columns, were of various forms. FUNUS. FUN US. 557 The three in the following woodcut are taken fromStackelberg (pi. 44, 46) and Millin (Pein.de VasesAnt. vol. ii. pi. 51.). The following example of an ripcpou, which is alsotaken from Stackelberg (pi. 1) will give a generalidea of monuments of this kind. Another ripwovis given in the course of this article (p. 558, a.).

RM2AJJG5W–School dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities . tum (from apircO^co) seemsto have been the name of a ball, which wasthrown among the players, each of whomendeavoured to catch it. PILANI. [ExERCiTus, p. 167.] PILENTUM, a splendid four-wheeledcarriage, furnished with soft cushions, whichconveyed the Roman matrons in sacred pro-cessions and in going to the Circensian andother games. The pilentum was probablyvery like the Hakmamaxa and Carpen-TUM, but open at the sides, so thatthose who sat in it might both see and beseen, PILEUS or FILEUM (mXos, irlrifjLa,ttiXwrdv), any piece of felt; more es

RM2AJM501–School dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities . es to ancientand modern writers, as they are not required by the class of personsfor whose use the book is designed, and they are to be found inthe original work. WILLIAM SMITH. London, May 20tk, 1845. SCHOOL-DICTIONARY OP GEEEK AND KOMAN ANTIQUITIES. ABACUS (&§a^), denoted primarily asquare tablet of any description, and washence employed in the following signifi-cations : — 1. A table, or side-board, chiefly usedfor the display of gold and silver cups,and other kinds of valuable and ornamentalutensils. The use of abaci was first intro-duced

RM2AWFBK8–A dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities.. . a, House-door, ai/Aeios 3-ipa: &vp. passage,bvpwpziov or Svpdv : A, peristyle or ai»A.r? of theAndronitis : o, the halls and chambers of the An-dronitis ; fi, jx4ravXos or jxicravXos &vpa: T, peri-style of the Gynaeconitis ; 7, chambers of theGynaeconitis ; 7r, irpo(nas or Trapaaras; 9, &da-p.os and a/j.<pi9dAafios : I, rooms for working inwool (iVrcoi/es) ; K, garden-door, Kyjiraia &vpa. The roofs were generally flat, and it was cus-tomary to walk about upon them. (Lysias, adv.Simon, p. 142; Plaut. Mil. ii. 2. 3.) But pointedroofs were also

RM2AWHCY3–A dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities.. . who saw him. (Lelyveld, De Infamia ex Jure Attico, Amstelod.1835 ; Wachsmuth, Hellen. Alterth. &c. vol. ii. p.195, &c, 2d edit.; Meier, De Bonis Damnat. p.101, &c. ; Schomann, De Comit. Ath. p. 67, &c.transl. ; Hermann, Polit. Ant. of Greece, § 124 ;Meier und Schomann, Att. Proc. p. 563. On theSpartan atimia in particular, see Wachsmuth, &c,vol. ii. p. 155, &c, 2d ed. ; Miiller, Dor. iii. 10.§ 3.) [L. S.] ATLANTES {arXavres) and TELAMONES(reActficSi/es), are terms used in architecture, theformer by the Greeks, the latter by the Romans,to designat