Ph values hi-res stock photography and images

PH indicators strips and box with PH values isolated on white Stock Photo

RF2BK2RE6–PH indicators strips and box with PH values isolated on white

Graduate student Martin Globisch investigates the ph values of a food extract in a laboratory at the Technical University in Dresden, Germany, 06 June 2012. The Technical University Dresden has applied to be an University of Excellence. It will belong to the elite from 15 June 2012. The decision is eagerly waited. Photo: Arno Burgi Stock Photo

RMD64YM8–Graduate student Martin Globisch investigates the ph values of a food extract in a laboratory at the Technical University in Dresden, Germany, 06 June 2012. The Technical University Dresden has applied to be an University of Excellence. It will belong to the elite from 15 June 2012. The decision is eagerly waited. Photo: Arno Burgi

Brandenburg, 16 April 2021, Bernau: Rene Poppel, manager of the Waldfrieden outdoor pool, measures the chlorine and pH values of the pool. The pool, with five 50-metre lanes suitable for competition and a diving area lined with stainless steel, holds 1,360 cubic metres of water and, along with a small pool, the beach volleyball facility and seating areas covered with awnings, is the heart of the outdoor pool. The pool, equipped with a solar system to heat the water, is ready to open after seasonal preparations, but that cannot yet be scheduled because of the Corona pandemic. Last summer, the Stock Photo

RM2F98KE4–Brandenburg, 16 April 2021, Bernau: Rene Poppel, manager of the Waldfrieden outdoor pool, measures the chlorine and pH values of the pool. The pool, with five 50-metre lanes suitable for competition and a diving area lined with stainless steel, holds 1,360 cubic metres of water and, along with a small pool, the beach volleyball facility and seating areas covered with awnings, is the heart of the outdoor pool. The pool, equipped with a solar system to heat the water, is ready to open after seasonal preparations, but that cannot yet be scheduled because of the Corona pandemic. Last summer, the

ph value of a sample of the soil ist tested with litmus paper, Germany Stock Photo

RMCNW7EJ–ph value of a sample of the soil ist tested with litmus paper, Germany

Jeffrey Palmer, utility supervisor civilian contractor, records the pressure vessel conductivity reading at Moody Air Force Base, Georgia, July 9, 2021. Throughout different stages of the water treatment process, the water must be tested for correct pH values, temperature and conductivity. Stock Photo

RM2GKWG95–Jeffrey Palmer, utility supervisor civilian contractor, records the pressure vessel conductivity reading at Moody Air Force Base, Georgia, July 9, 2021. Throughout different stages of the water treatment process, the water must be tested for correct pH values, temperature and conductivity.

Dresden, Germany, Boy with a pH scale Stock Photo

RMD1C1MD–Dresden, Germany, Boy with a pH scale

Electronic pH meter in a glass of water. TDS measurement of water. poor water quality, high values of salt impurities, copy space Stock Photo

RF2T3924A–Electronic pH meter in a glass of water. TDS measurement of water. poor water quality, high values of salt impurities, copy space

A missionary of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) is pictured with a Book of Mormon and a bible in Frankfurt Main, Germany, 09 March 2007. Female missionaries absolve a voluntary 18-month missionary service in Germany. The LDS Church is a denomination of Christian values and is part of Mormonism. Joseph Smith formally founded the Mormon Church in 1830. Ph Stock Photo

RMDAWYG9–A missionary of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) is pictured with a Book of Mormon and a bible in Frankfurt Main, Germany, 09 March 2007. Female missionaries absolve a voluntary 18-month missionary service in Germany. The LDS Church is a denomination of Christian values and is part of Mormonism. Joseph Smith formally founded the Mormon Church in 1830. Ph

Chief Master Sgt. Terrence Greene, Command Chief, Air Mobility Command was the guest speaker during Operation BOLD held at the 349th Air Mobility Wing, Travis Air Force Base, Calif., January 10, 2020. The Bringing On Leadership Development course is designed to lay the foundation for Airmen E-1 through E-6 to build the characteristics that will prepare them for leadership in their careers. Some of the topics covered were leadership and management traits, teambuilding and leadership emergence, transactional vs. transformational, core values and responsibilities and mentoring. (U.S. Air Force ph Stock Photo

RM2GYJX42–Chief Master Sgt. Terrence Greene, Command Chief, Air Mobility Command was the guest speaker during Operation BOLD held at the 349th Air Mobility Wing, Travis Air Force Base, Calif., January 10, 2020. The Bringing On Leadership Development course is designed to lay the foundation for Airmen E-1 through E-6 to build the characteristics that will prepare them for leadership in their careers. Some of the topics covered were leadership and management traits, teambuilding and leadership emergence, transactional vs. transformational, core values and responsibilities and mentoring. (U.S. Air Force ph

A protester holds a sign stating 'Resist Fascism!' at the ‘Resistance Address’ rally in Lafayette Park, next to the White House where advocacy groups gathered to denounce President Trump and his policies before his first address to Congress in Washington, DC on February 28, 2017. The 'Resistance Address: Defending American Values in a Time of Moral Crisis' rally is sponsored by the ACLU, MoveOn.org, DailyKos and other organizations. Organizers say they are holding the rally 'not only to resist but to build a movement of millions working for social, environmental and economic justice.' Ph Stock Photo

RMW0JDCB–A protester holds a sign stating 'Resist Fascism!' at the ‘Resistance Address’ rally in Lafayette Park, next to the White House where advocacy groups gathered to denounce President Trump and his policies before his first address to Congress in Washington, DC on February 28, 2017. The 'Resistance Address: Defending American Values in a Time of Moral Crisis' rally is sponsored by the ACLU, MoveOn.org, DailyKos and other organizations. Organizers say they are holding the rally 'not only to resist but to build a movement of millions working for social, environmental and economic justice.' Ph

Aquarium measurement test for water chemical values Stock Photo

RF2HKGA75–Aquarium measurement test for water chemical values

Test strip shows important values in the pool Stock Photo

RMG0DJ1C–Test strip shows important values in the pool

PH color scale with icons set and text Stock Vector

RFGDKKRR–PH color scale with icons set and text

ph scale. acid-base balance. scale for chemical analysis acid base. colorful graph for test Stock Photo

RFM50X9J–ph scale. acid-base balance. scale for chemical analysis acid base. colorful graph for test

RFGJK1T6–health medicinally medical

chemist tested in the laboratory,the sample of contaminated water Stock Photo

RFKRJMA7–chemist tested in the laboratory,the sample of contaminated water

RFKRJMAA–chemist tested in the laboratory,the sample of contaminated water

RMBWRRNK–Snow-covered beer garden

RFKRH4RW–chemist tested in the laboratory,the sample of contaminated water

RF2BK2RHW–PH indicators strips and box with PH values isolated on white

The pH scale Universal Indicator pH Color Chart diagram acidic alkaline values common substances vector illustration flat icon design Colorful Stock Vector

RFKEBHHM–The pH scale Universal Indicator pH Color Chart diagram acidic alkaline values common substances vector illustration flat icon design Colorful

RM2F98KE5–Brandenburg, 16 April 2021, Bernau: Rene Poppel, manager of the Waldfrieden outdoor pool, measures the chlorine and pH values of the pool. The pool, with five 50-metre lanes suitable for competition and a diving area lined with stainless steel, holds 1,360 cubic metres of water and, along with a small pool, the beach volleyball facility and seating areas covered with awnings, is the heart of the outdoor pool. The pool, equipped with a solar system to heat the water, is ready to open after pre-season preparations, but that cannot yet be scheduled because of the Corona pandemic. Last summer, th

RMCNW7E8–ph value of a sample of the soil ist tested with litmus paper, Germany

20 November 2019, Hessen, Bischoffsheim: Members of the fire brigade are in action at a marshalling yard because of an ammonia leak. The Bischofsheimer fire brigade has moved out at night with a large contingent because of an ammonia leak. According to a police spokesman, the pungent smelling gas was dripped in small quantities from a tank car at the marshalling yard in the Groß-Gerau district early on Wednesday evening. The emergency services were able to quickly close the leak in the freight car. There was no danger for residents, and elevated values outside the station were not measured. Ph Stock Photo

RM2AABHY2–20 November 2019, Hessen, Bischoffsheim: Members of the fire brigade are in action at a marshalling yard because of an ammonia leak. The Bischofsheimer fire brigade has moved out at night with a large contingent because of an ammonia leak. According to a police spokesman, the pungent smelling gas was dripped in small quantities from a tank car at the marshalling yard in the Groß-Gerau district early on Wednesday evening. The emergency services were able to quickly close the leak in the freight car. There was no danger for residents, and elevated values outside the station were not measured. Ph

Blister canker of apple trees; a physiological and chemical study .. . 5-41 I 5-175-36 j S-iSSSo I S-3I 5 6 7 8 4.80 4-53 4.21 3-90 4-85 4-58 4.24 3-98 5.00 4.61 4-39 4.08 3.613.61 3-73 Graphs B and C in fig. 2 show that while diseased bark absorbsH+ ions to about the same extent as the healthy, the latter absorbsmore 0H ions; that is, its titration acidity is greater, whichis exactly the condition found by titration with N/20 sodiumhydroxide (30). The Ph values at points where B and C cross A igiQ] ROSE—BLISTER CA NKER 115. vlcC-^b ACETIC ACID to CC-y(o SOD, ACETATE 9K10.24 TJZ 2:56 1.28 0 Stock Photo

RM2AWMM28–Blister canker of apple trees; a physiological and chemical study .. . 5-41 I 5-175-36 j S-iSSSo I S-3I 5 6 7 8 4.80 4-53 4.21 3-90 4-85 4-58 4.24 3-98 5.00 4.61 4-39 4.08 3.613.61 3-73 Graphs B and C in fig. 2 show that while diseased bark absorbsH+ ions to about the same extent as the healthy, the latter absorbsmore 0H ions; that is, its titration acidity is greater, whichis exactly the condition found by titration with N/20 sodiumhydroxide (30). The Ph values at points where B and C cross A igiQ] ROSE—BLISTER CA NKER 115. vlcC-^b ACETIC ACID to CC-y(o SOD, ACETATE 9K10.24 TJZ 2:56 1.28 0

Martin Schulz (SPD), President of the European Parliament, gives a talk in St. Nicholas' Church in Leipzig, Germany, 09 October 2016. The city is commemorating the Peaceful Revolution of 1989 in former East Germany with its annual Light Festival. The slogan of the events marking the occasion is 'Mut, Werte, Veraenderung' ('Courage, values, change'). The 09 October is an especially important date: on that day in 1989 some 70,000 people demonstrated against the communist regime in Leipzig in a moment of popular defiance that many regard as the decisive moment in the transformation of the GDR. Ph Stock Photo

RMH3K8E6–Martin Schulz (SPD), President of the European Parliament, gives a talk in St. Nicholas' Church in Leipzig, Germany, 09 October 2016. The city is commemorating the Peaceful Revolution of 1989 in former East Germany with its annual Light Festival. The slogan of the events marking the occasion is 'Mut, Werte, Veraenderung' ('Courage, values, change'). The 09 October is an especially important date: on that day in 1989 some 70,000 people demonstrated against the communist regime in Leipzig in a moment of popular defiance that many regard as the decisive moment in the transformation of the GDR. Ph

. Hydrochemical, vegetational and microbiological effects of a natural and a constructed wetland on the control of acid mine drainage . Mine drainage; Acid mine drainage; Wetlands. cores ranged from 5.67 to 7.58, with an overall mean and standard deviation of 6.43 + 0.37. The Sand Coulee wetland core eluates, while not true replicates, demonstrated some important trends. Eluate pH values from cores SC-V and SC-VN were similar (Figure 10-7). These pH values dropped at the start of the study, flattening out by 30 days into the experiment and ranged from 2.39 to 4.25, with an overall mean and sta Stock Photo

RMPFH85N–. Hydrochemical, vegetational and microbiological effects of a natural and a constructed wetland on the control of acid mine drainage . Mine drainage; Acid mine drainage; Wetlands. cores ranged from 5.67 to 7.58, with an overall mean and standard deviation of 6.43 + 0.37. The Sand Coulee wetland core eluates, while not true replicates, demonstrated some important trends. Eluate pH values from cores SC-V and SC-VN were similar (Figure 10-7). These pH values dropped at the start of the study, flattening out by 30 days into the experiment and ranged from 2.39 to 4.25, with an overall mean and sta

RM2GYJX4H–Chief Master Sgt. Terrence Greene, Command Chief, Air Mobility Command was the guest speaker during Operation BOLD held at the 349th Air Mobility Wing, Travis Air Force Base, Calif., January 10, 2020. The Bringing On Leadership Development course is designed to lay the foundation for Airmen E-1 through E-6 to build the characteristics that will prepare them for leadership in their careers. Some of the topics covered were leadership and management traits, teambuilding and leadership emergence, transactional vs. transformational, core values and responsibilities and mentoring. (U.S. Air Force ph

Writing note showing Why It Matters question. Business concept for ask demonstrating about something he think is important Stationary equipment and ph Stock Photo

RFTA08A0–Writing note showing Why It Matters question. Business concept for ask demonstrating about something he think is important Stationary equipment and ph

RF2HKGABW–Aquarium measurement test for water chemical values

U.S. Airmen and Bulgarian fuel technicians refuel a C-130J Super Hercules at Plovdiv Airport, Bulgaria July 20, 2016. Through Exercise Thracian Summer 2016, the United States and Bulgaria will enhance their mutual abilities to work together, with other NATO nations and with key regional partners on regional security, and help prepare Bulgaria for potential future operations in support of contingency operations around the world. The U.S. values the shared commitment and close cooperation with Bulgaria and other NATO allies on countering a range of regional and global threats. (U.S. Air Force ph Stock Photo

RMP3P9X3–U.S. Airmen and Bulgarian fuel technicians refuel a C-130J Super Hercules at Plovdiv Airport, Bulgaria July 20, 2016. Through Exercise Thracian Summer 2016, the United States and Bulgaria will enhance their mutual abilities to work together, with other NATO nations and with key regional partners on regional security, and help prepare Bulgaria for potential future operations in support of contingency operations around the world. The U.S. values the shared commitment and close cooperation with Bulgaria and other NATO allies on countering a range of regional and global threats. (U.S. Air Force ph

Conceptual hand writing showing Trust Your Own Instincts. Business photo showcasing Intuitive follow demonstratingal feelings confidence Blank Oval ph Stock Photo

RFR85B48–Conceptual hand writing showing Trust Your Own Instincts. Business photo showcasing Intuitive follow demonstratingal feelings confidence Blank Oval ph

U.S. Marine Corps 1st. Lt. Ismael Rodriguez, communications officer, Special Purpose Marine Air-Ground Task Force-Southern Command, pistol belt drags Capt. Jonathan D. Webber, ground intelligence officer, SPMAGTF-SC, during a Marine Corps Martial Arts Program brown belt course on Soto Cano Air Base, Honduras, Sept. 2, 2015. SPMAGTF-SC is a temporary deployment of Marines and Sailors throughout Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Belize with a focus on building and maintaining partnership capacity with each country through shared values, challenges, and responsibilities. (U.S. Marine Corps ph Stock Photo

RMPE4CCM–U.S. Marine Corps 1st. Lt. Ismael Rodriguez, communications officer, Special Purpose Marine Air-Ground Task Force-Southern Command, pistol belt drags Capt. Jonathan D. Webber, ground intelligence officer, SPMAGTF-SC, during a Marine Corps Martial Arts Program brown belt course on Soto Cano Air Base, Honduras, Sept. 2, 2015. SPMAGTF-SC is a temporary deployment of Marines and Sailors throughout Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Belize with a focus on building and maintaining partnership capacity with each country through shared values, challenges, and responsibilities. (U.S. Marine Corps ph

. Effect of different reactions on the growth and nodule formation of soybeans . 4 Soybean Roots Grown in Solution Cultures with pH Values of Approximately 3 and 4 290 Stock Photo

RMMA73T2–. Effect of different reactions on the growth and nodule formation of soybeans . 4 Soybean Roots Grown in Solution Cultures with pH Values of Approximately 3 and 4 290

Discovery reports (1935-1936) Discovery reports discoveryreports11inst Year: 1935-1936 PHOSPHATE, PLANKTON AND WHALE DISTRIBUTIONS 287 (Z/ ,â -' 3; i -'' 9 , ,I'VX''(I4 14 10 ') ' .' ' ' XJ 7 7 6 'v /Z 6 Â Z 5 V 6 J (g) !i 2 4 JT4( (j 2 5 C-' 7 J) !2' /2NX (2 7 4 3i DECEMBER 1328 c. FIN WHALES BLUE WHALES Fig. 148. Fin and Blue whale distribution, December 1928 (from Kemp and Bennett, 1932). distribution does in fact bear a relation to the phytoplankton production over a little time in the past is shown by charting the average pH values for the top 50 m., when it is seen, in Fig Stock Photo

RMT1H29A–Discovery reports (1935-1936) Discovery reports discoveryreports11inst Year: 1935-1936 PHOSPHATE, PLANKTON AND WHALE DISTRIBUTIONS 287 (Z/ ,â -' 3; i -'' 9 , ,I'VX''(I4 14 10 ') ' .' ' ' XJ 7 7 6 'v /Z 6 Â Z 5 V 6 J (g) !i 2 4 JT4( (j 2 5 C-' 7 J) !2' /2NX (2 7 4 3i DECEMBER 1328 c. FIN WHALES BLUE WHALES Fig. 148. Fin and Blue whale distribution, December 1928 (from Kemp and Bennett, 1932). distribution does in fact bear a relation to the phytoplankton production over a little time in the past is shown by charting the average pH values for the top 50 m., when it is seen, in Fig

PH scale of food acid balance, chart with indicators of acidic, neutral and alkaline values, vector test. Food and water chemical, analysis scale of PH with spectrum colors table for acidity balance Stock Vector

RF2WE7N3G–PH scale of food acid balance, chart with indicators of acidic, neutral and alkaline values, vector test. Food and water chemical, analysis scale of PH with spectrum colors table for acidity balance

RMBWRNJM–Snow-covered beer garden

PH indicators strips and box with PH values isolated on white background Stock Photo

RF2BK2RMD–PH indicators strips and box with PH values isolated on white background

RFKEBHGR–The pH scale Universal Indicator pH Color Chart diagram acidic alkaline values common substances vector illustration flat icon design Colorful

RMCNW7EC–ph value of a sample of the soil ist tested with litmus paper, Germany

. Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory and the Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania, vol. 14. Botany; Botany. 460 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY than for the higher one. After conductance began to increase, its rate of change sometimes remained low to the end of the experimental period, but in many cases (notably all the graphs of figure 2) its rate was soon rapidly accelerated, so that the final portions of the graphs ascend very steeply. As to changes in hydrogen-ion concentration, the pH values of all tested solutionsâand that of H2O alsoâincreased from the beginning of the experimen Stock Photo

RMRE9MXR–. Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory and the Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania, vol. 14. Botany; Botany. 460 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY than for the higher one. After conductance began to increase, its rate of change sometimes remained low to the end of the experimental period, but in many cases (notably all the graphs of figure 2) its rate was soon rapidly accelerated, so that the final portions of the graphs ascend very steeply. As to changes in hydrogen-ion concentration, the pH values of all tested solutionsâand that of H2O alsoâincreased from the beginning of the experimen

RMH3K8EH–Martin Schulz (SPD), President of the European Parliament, gives a talk in St. Nicholas' Church in Leipzig, Germany, 09 October 2016. The city is commemorating the Peaceful Revolution of 1989 in former East Germany with its annual Light Festival. The slogan of the events marking the occasion is 'Mut, Werte, Veraenderung' ('Courage, values, change'). The 09 October is an especially important date: on that day in 1989 some 70,000 people demonstrated against the communist regime in Leipzig in a moment of popular defiance that many regard as the decisive moment in the transformation of the GDR. Ph

U.S. Marine Corps Cpl. Alex M. Metcalf, maintenance management specialist, Special Purpose Marine Air-Ground Task Force-Southern Command, and 1st Lt. Ismael Rodriguez, communications officer, SPMAGTF-SC, ground fight during a Marine Corps Martial Arts Program brown belt course on Soto Cano Air Base, Honduras, Sept. 2, 2015. SPMAGTF-SC is a temporary deployment of Marines and Sailors throughout Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Belize with a focus on building and maintaining partnership capacity with each country through shared values, challenges, and responsibilities. (U.S. Marine Corps ph Stock Photo

RMPE4CD3–U.S. Marine Corps Cpl. Alex M. Metcalf, maintenance management specialist, Special Purpose Marine Air-Ground Task Force-Southern Command, and 1st Lt. Ismael Rodriguez, communications officer, SPMAGTF-SC, ground fight during a Marine Corps Martial Arts Program brown belt course on Soto Cano Air Base, Honduras, Sept. 2, 2015. SPMAGTF-SC is a temporary deployment of Marines and Sailors throughout Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Belize with a focus on building and maintaining partnership capacity with each country through shared values, challenges, and responsibilities. (U.S. Marine Corps ph

. 824 8 24 821 . -8^2 8 24.(^6 22 Fig. 152. Distribution of pH values, averaged for the top 50 m., in the South Georgia survey, January-February 1930. Stock Photo

RMMCTPC7–. 824 8 24 821 . -8^2 8 24.(^6 22 Fig. 152. Distribution of pH values, averaged for the top 50 m., in the South Georgia survey, January-February 1930.

Discovery reports (1935-1936) Discovery reports discoveryreports11inst Year: 1935-1936 PHOSPHATE, PLANKTON AND WHALE DISTRIBUTIONS i â¢84 1 1 âi END OF â¢74 JAN â¢80 . END OF JAN â¢74 â¢70 â¢83 LATE '56 SO' .7, ? â¢85 â¢82 â¢79 â¢825/ â¢n4'5â JAN -63 ('M035N â¢33'-' / â * -65 â¢72 .â¢ - â¢65 â¢ 74 rARLY -775 CO â¢83 FEB -7B-G EARLY â¢75 â¢Â£0 FEB â¢87 â¢64 84 I Fig. 151. Distribution of phosphate values, averaged for the top 50 m., in the South Georgia survey, January-February 1930. 824 8 24 821 . -82 8 24.(6 22 Fig. 152. Distribution of pH values, averaged for the top 50 m., in the Sou Stock Photo

RMT1H2BA–Discovery reports (1935-1936) Discovery reports discoveryreports11inst Year: 1935-1936 PHOSPHATE, PLANKTON AND WHALE DISTRIBUTIONS i â¢84 1 1 âi END OF â¢74 JAN â¢80 . END OF JAN â¢74 â¢70 â¢83 LATE '56 SO' .7, ? â¢85 â¢82 â¢79 â¢825/ â¢n4'5â JAN -63 ('M035N â¢33'-' / â * -65 â¢72 .â¢ - â¢65 â¢ 74 rARLY -775 CO â¢83 FEB -7B-G EARLY â¢75 â¢Â£0 FEB â¢87 â¢64 84 I Fig. 151. Distribution of phosphate values, averaged for the top 50 m., in the South Georgia survey, January-February 1930. 824 8 24 821 . -82 8 24.(6 22 Fig. 152. Distribution of pH values, averaged for the top 50 m., in the Sou

Snow-covered beer garden in Munich Stock Photo

RFBWT2JA–Snow-covered beer garden in Munich

RFKEBHK0–The pH scale Universal Indicator pH Color Chart diagram acidic alkaline values common substances vector illustration flat icon design Colorful

. Aspects of the origin of life. Life; Biochemistry; Biochemistry; Biogenesis. Protein Complexes as Biochemically Active Systems 185 As pointed out above, there are a number of indications that the activity of certain enzymes is altered in the presence of nucleic acids. The study of these phenomena has in the main centred around the role of ribonucleic acid and has been carried out, for the most part, at pH values below the isoelectric point of the enzyme and the substrate. In these conditions, as is known, insoluble nucleo- proteins are precipitated, this being the result of the formation of Stock Photo

RMRJYT14–. Aspects of the origin of life. Life; Biochemistry; Biochemistry; Biogenesis. Protein Complexes as Biochemically Active Systems 185 As pointed out above, there are a number of indications that the activity of certain enzymes is altered in the presence of nucleic acids. The study of these phenomena has in the main centred around the role of ribonucleic acid and has been carried out, for the most part, at pH values below the isoelectric point of the enzyme and the substrate. In these conditions, as is known, insoluble nucleo- proteins are precipitated, this being the result of the formation of

. BLUE WHALE5 P205M6M.PM3 no- Fig. 159. Whale distribution in November 1930 (from Kemp and Bennett, 1932). Blue whales at the same time. We see that the majority of whales of both species were taken in the region of high phosphate content and low pH values to the north-east, whilst we also see an interesting lesser concentration of Fin whales coinciding with the small patch of higher phosphate content to the north. No whales however were taken, as might have been expected, in the region of higher phosphate and lower pU values to the north-west. The major importance of these correlations is tha Stock Photo

RMMCTPA3–. BLUE WHALE5 P205M6M.PM3 no- Fig. 159. Whale distribution in November 1930 (from Kemp and Bennett, 1932). Blue whales at the same time. We see that the majority of whales of both species were taken in the region of high phosphate content and low pH values to the north-east, whilst we also see an interesting lesser concentration of Fin whales coinciding with the small patch of higher phosphate content to the north. No whales however were taken, as might have been expected, in the region of higher phosphate and lower pU values to the north-west. The major importance of these correlations is tha

Electrolytes in biological systems, incorporating papers presented at a symposium at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, on September 8, 1954 electrolytesinbi00shan Year: 1955 ASER ROTHSTEIN 85 proceeds at the same high rate over the pii range 2.0 to almost 9.0. The most pronounced effects of K+ are seen at those H+ ion concentrations where the rates are lowest. In fact, at pH 2.0 and 7.0, the rate of fermentation may be almost zero unless K+ is present. Other monovalent cations also have a pro- nounced effect on fermentation at certain values of extracellular pii. Stock Photo

RMRYH5XC–Electrolytes in biological systems, incorporating papers presented at a symposium at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, on September 8, 1954 electrolytesinbi00shan Year: 1955 ASER ROTHSTEIN 85 proceeds at the same high rate over the pii range 2.0 to almost 9.0. The most pronounced effects of K+ are seen at those H+ ion concentrations where the rates are lowest. In fact, at pH 2.0 and 7.0, the rate of fermentation may be almost zero unless K+ is present. Other monovalent cations also have a pro- nounced effect on fermentation at certain values of extracellular pii.

RFKEBHH8–The pH scale Universal Indicator pH Color Chart diagram acidic alkaline values common substances vector illustration flat icon design Colorful

. Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory, vol. 11. Botany; Botany. 298 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY [Vol. 21, June, 1934I MOYER EUPHORBIA 299 the velocity approaches zero. To avoid this, readings were made at small increments of pH, above and below the isoelectric point, until two suspen- sions were found having approximately equal and opposite velocities at very close pH values. These values were then reduced to terms of hydrogen- ion concentration, averaged, and re-converted to pH units. It was found that these values and the points at which the curves changed their sign (when interpolate Stock Photo

RMREA3TW–. Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory, vol. 11. Botany; Botany. 298 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY [Vol. 21, June, 1934I MOYER EUPHORBIA 299 the velocity approaches zero. To avoid this, readings were made at small increments of pH, above and below the isoelectric point, until two suspen- sions were found having approximately equal and opposite velocities at very close pH values. These values were then reduced to terms of hydrogen- ion concentration, averaged, and re-converted to pH units. It was found that these values and the points at which the curves changed their sign (when interpolate

RMMA7BWW–. Electrolytes in biological systems, incorporating papers presented at a symposium at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, on September 8, 1954 . Fig. 12. The effect of the po- tassium concentration on the rate of fermentation at different pH values. concentration of H+ can be completely reversed by the addition of 10 times the concentration of K+. The dramatic effects of K+ are observed only when glucose, or other sugars, serve as substrates. There is only a small effect of these ions on the respiration of substrates such as alcohol or endogenous stores. Furthermore

RFKEBHH1–The pH scale Universal Indicator pH Color Chart diagram acidic alkaline values common substances vector illustration flat icon design Colorful

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. MOLLUSCAN EXTRAPALLIAL FLUID 509 pH change upon exposure to air was noted, the pH of M. mercenaria and AI. edulis extrapallial fluids were measured in situ. The pH values obtained were within the ranges of those obtained by the sampling method. The pH of the extrapallial fluid of a mollusc decreased when the animal closed its valves and rose again when the valves were opened. The calcium concentration in the extrapallial fluid also changed with the open- ing and closing of the valves. In eight specimens of M. mercenaria, the Stock Photo

RMRHMJK1–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. MOLLUSCAN EXTRAPALLIAL FLUID 509 pH change upon exposure to air was noted, the pH of M. mercenaria and AI. edulis extrapallial fluids were measured in situ. The pH values obtained were within the ranges of those obtained by the sampling method. The pH of the extrapallial fluid of a mollusc decreased when the animal closed its valves and rose again when the valves were opened. The calcium concentration in the extrapallial fluid also changed with the open- ing and closing of the valves. In eight specimens of M. mercenaria, the

. The eggs of mammals . Fig. 31. Left, normal rabbit blastocysts of the 5th day of pregnancy. Right, blastocysts of the 5th day of pregnancy from rabbit doe ovariectomized 18 hours after mating. (From the American Journal of Physiology.) have never observed pH values below 6.5. Nonetheless it is possible that in the small decidual crypts into which the ova fall the critical acidity may be attained. Burdick and Pincus (1935) and Pincus and Kirsch (1936) have examined this critical stage of development from a somewhat different angle. Corner (1928) had noted that in rabbit does in which both ova Stock Photo

RMMA7HEG–. The eggs of mammals . Fig. 31. Left, normal rabbit blastocysts of the 5th day of pregnancy. Right, blastocysts of the 5th day of pregnancy from rabbit doe ovariectomized 18 hours after mating. (From the American Journal of Physiology.) have never observed pH values below 6.5. Nonetheless it is possible that in the small decidual crypts into which the ova fall the critical acidity may be attained. Burdick and Pincus (1935) and Pincus and Kirsch (1936) have examined this critical stage of development from a somewhat different angle. Corner (1928) had noted that in rabbit does in which both ova

RFKEBHG6–The pH scale Universal Indicator pH Color Chart diagram acidic alkaline values common substances vector illustration flat icon design Colorful

. Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. 38 PER-AKE ALBERTSSON an increase in the limiting viscosity number [12, 13] and in the laevorota- tion [14] at low pH values indicating a change in the structure of the protein. It has also been reported [ 15] that there is an increase in the number of hydrophobic groups on the protein surface at low pH values which could explain why the protein at these pH values favours the top phase containing more methyl groups than the bottom phase. If this explanation is correct it means that partition provides a method for the det Stock Photo

RMRHM2PM–. Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. 38 PER-AKE ALBERTSSON an increase in the limiting viscosity number [12, 13] and in the laevorota- tion [14] at low pH values indicating a change in the structure of the protein. It has also been reported [ 15] that there is an increase in the number of hydrophobic groups on the protein surface at low pH values which could explain why the protein at these pH values favours the top phase containing more methyl groups than the bottom phase. If this explanation is correct it means that partition provides a method for the det

. FIN WHALES BLUE WHALES Fig. 148. Fin and Blue whale distribution, December 1928 (from Kemp and Bennett, 1932). distribution does in fact bear a relation to the phytoplankton production over a little time in the past is shown by charting the average pH values for the top 50 m., when it is seen, in Fig. 147, that the higher pH values, those above 8-09, all occupy an area to the south closely similar to that occupied by the lower phosphate values, those below 100 mg. per m.3 A correlation graph of phosphate and pH values for this survey is shown in Fig. 150. Atkins (1923&) has shown how pH Stock Photo

RMMCTPD2–. FIN WHALES BLUE WHALES Fig. 148. Fin and Blue whale distribution, December 1928 (from Kemp and Bennett, 1932). distribution does in fact bear a relation to the phytoplankton production over a little time in the past is shown by charting the average pH values for the top 50 m., when it is seen, in Fig. 147, that the higher pH values, those above 8-09, all occupy an area to the south closely similar to that occupied by the lower phosphate values, those below 100 mg. per m.3 A correlation graph of phosphate and pH values for this survey is shown in Fig. 150. Atkins (1923&) has shown how pH

RFKEBHG2–The pH scale Universal Indicator pH Color Chart diagram acidic alkaline values common substances vector illustration flat icon design Colorful

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. DIGESTIVE ENZYMES OF OCHETOSTOMA 465 inulin solution or 5% solutions of lactose, maltose or sucrose. The enzymic activity was determined by titration with Barfoed's solution or Benedict's solution. Phenylhydrazine tests were carried out for confirmation. Other tests included cellulose fibers (from filter paper) and glycogen as substrates. Esterase activity at various pH values was determined by titrating with 0.01 N alcoholic potassium hydroxide digests containing midgut fluid or gut-wall extract and the substrate benzyl n-b Stock Photo

RMRHN9TD–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. DIGESTIVE ENZYMES OF OCHETOSTOMA 465 inulin solution or 5% solutions of lactose, maltose or sucrose. The enzymic activity was determined by titration with Barfoed's solution or Benedict's solution. Phenylhydrazine tests were carried out for confirmation. Other tests included cellulose fibers (from filter paper) and glycogen as substrates. Esterase activity at various pH values was determined by titrating with 0.01 N alcoholic potassium hydroxide digests containing midgut fluid or gut-wall extract and the substrate benzyl n-b

. BLUE WHALES JANUARY ',1 2„—I-' r ^ „ /5 2! ^ ^^^ vi 2 6 r 3 2 /£ 7 5 ^^^V^^4 5 8 ? '"M* J0 X. 73 3 13 3 ^^-A.-l'' ,|<( Vf5, 6 113 Jz"t'(y6}% 5 1 ). FIN WHALES FEBRUARY V X?..-!-' 4 5 Fig. 153. Whale distribution in January and February 1930 (from Kemp and Bennett, 1932). values at stations taken in January are shown as blacked-in circles and those in February as open circles. In January there is some, if only slight, correlation between the higher phosphate values and the lower pH values and between the lower phosphate values and the higher pH values. But in February Stock Photo

RMMCTPBY–. BLUE WHALES JANUARY ',1 2„—I-' r ^ „ /5 2! ^ ^^^ vi 2 6 r 3 2 /£ 7 5 ^^^V^^4 5 8 ? '"M* J0 X. 73 3 13 3 ^^-A.-l'' ,|<( Vf5, 6 113 Jz"t'(y6}% 5 1 ). FIN WHALES FEBRUARY V X?..-!-' 4 5 Fig. 153. Whale distribution in January and February 1930 (from Kemp and Bennett, 1932). values at stations taken in January are shown as blacked-in circles and those in February as open circles. In January there is some, if only slight, correlation between the higher phosphate values and the lower pH values and between the lower phosphate values and the higher pH values. But in February

RFKEBHJ7–The pH scale Universal Indicator pH Color Chart diagram acidic alkaline values common substances vector illustration flat icon design Colorful

RMRE05DD–. The ecology of the Apalachicola Bay system : an estuarine profile. Estuarine ecology -- Florida Apalachicola Bay; Estuarine area conservation -- Florida. stream channels and estuarine meanders. The pH values ranqe from 4.^ to f^.6. Studies of the marshes above East Bay (Coultas 1^80; Coultas and Gross 197^^) indicate that the deltaic soils are slightly acidic and become alkaline with depth. The dense mats of roots and rhizomes from the predominant sawgrass (Cladium .iamai cense) and needlerush (Juncus roemerianus) along the eastern portions of the estuary tend to hold the soils in place. The

RFKEBHGF–The pH scale Universal Indicator pH Color Chart diagram acidic alkaline values common substances vector illustration flat icon design Colorful

. Commercial fisheries review. Fisheries; Fish trade. COMMBKCIAL PISKEEIBS BB7IEW Vol. 13, No. 11a A STUDY OF pH OF STRICTLY FRESH COMMERCIALLY-SHUCKED EASTERN OYSTERS By S. R. Pottinger* iNTOorxjcnoM The determination of pH of shacked oysters as a means of indicating the relative freshness of the product is relied upon to a considerahle extent. State health departments, grocery store chains, the Armed Services, and others concerned with the inspection, distribution, and consuntption of shucked oysters are becoming more and more dependent upon pH values to guide them in judging freshness and f Stock Photo

RMREGXNR–. Commercial fisheries review. Fisheries; Fish trade. COMMBKCIAL PISKEEIBS BB7IEW Vol. 13, No. 11a A STUDY OF pH OF STRICTLY FRESH COMMERCIALLY-SHUCKED EASTERN OYSTERS By S. R. Pottinger* iNTOorxjcnoM The determination of pH of shacked oysters as a means of indicating the relative freshness of the product is relied upon to a considerahle extent. State health departments, grocery store chains, the Armed Services, and others concerned with the inspection, distribution, and consuntption of shucked oysters are becoming more and more dependent upon pH values to guide them in judging freshness and f

RFKEBHGA–The pH scale Universal Indicator pH Color Chart diagram acidic alkaline values common substances vector illustration flat icon design Colorful

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN CYANIDE. 367 both the " cell " and bottle fitted with rubber stoppers. The in- side of the " cell " was filled with a borax-boric acid buffer solu- tion and a solution of HCN in a borax buffer was placed in the quinine bottle. It was necessary to use a buffer which would not injure the skin or react chemically with either the cyanide «or the silver nitrate solution used to determine the concentration of cya- nide. The pH values from 6.8 to 9.2 were obtained by changing H- Stock Photo

RMRHP5NA–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN CYANIDE. 367 both the " cell " and bottle fitted with rubber stoppers. The in- side of the " cell " was filled with a borax-boric acid buffer solu- tion and a solution of HCN in a borax buffer was placed in the quinine bottle. It was necessary to use a buffer which would not injure the skin or react chemically with either the cyanide «or the silver nitrate solution used to determine the concentration of cya- nide. The pH values from 6.8 to 9.2 were obtained by changing H-

RFKEBHFJ–The pH scale Universal Indicator pH Color Chart diagram acidic alkaline values common substances vector illustration flat icon design Colorful

. The eggs of mammals. Ovum; Embryology -- Mammals; Mammals -- physiology; Ovum. Fig. 31. Left, normal rabbit blastocysts of the 5th day of pregnancy. Right, blastocysts of the 5th day of pregnancy from rabbit doe ovariectomized 18 hours after mating. (From the American Journal of Physiology.) have never observed pH values below 6.5. Nonetheless it is possible that in the small decidual crypts into which the ova fall the critical acidity may be attained. Burdick and Pincus (1935) and Pincus and Kirsch (1936) have examined this critical stage of development from a somewhat different angle. Corn Stock Photo

RMRDDBT6–. The eggs of mammals. Ovum; Embryology -- Mammals; Mammals -- physiology; Ovum. Fig. 31. Left, normal rabbit blastocysts of the 5th day of pregnancy. Right, blastocysts of the 5th day of pregnancy from rabbit doe ovariectomized 18 hours after mating. (From the American Journal of Physiology.) have never observed pH values below 6.5. Nonetheless it is possible that in the small decidual crypts into which the ova fall the critical acidity may be attained. Burdick and Pincus (1935) and Pincus and Kirsch (1936) have examined this critical stage of development from a somewhat different angle. Corn

RFKEBHKM–The pH scale Universal Indicator pH Color Chart diagram acidic alkaline values common substances vector illustration flat icon design Colorful

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. PERMEABILITY OF ARBACIA EGG TO AMMONIUM SALTS 173 permeable to these ammonium salts, and that the mechanism of the penetration is that predicted. 8. FIG. 8. The swelling of Arbacia eggs in M/2 solutions of ammonium acetate of the pH values indicated beside each curve. Abscissa?, times in minutes ; orcli- nates, diameters in units each equal to 1.064/". (See Footnote 1 concerning the pH values used.) The solutions of ammonium salts were made up by adding to half normal NH4OH sufficient concentrated acid to give the pH de Stock Photo

RMRHP6W7–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. PERMEABILITY OF ARBACIA EGG TO AMMONIUM SALTS 173 permeable to these ammonium salts, and that the mechanism of the penetration is that predicted. 8. FIG. 8. The swelling of Arbacia eggs in M/2 solutions of ammonium acetate of the pH values indicated beside each curve. Abscissa?, times in minutes ; orcli- nates, diameters in units each equal to 1.064/". (See Footnote 1 concerning the pH values used.) The solutions of ammonium salts were made up by adding to half normal NH4OH sufficient concentrated acid to give the pH de

RFKEBHFX–The pH scale Universal Indicator pH Color Chart diagram acidic alkaline values common substances vector illustration flat icon design Colorful

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. rClo'sedl r///l Open" r//Clp5'e'd////i 0 100 MINUTES 200 FIGURE 1. Calcium concentration and pH in the extrapallial fluid of M. mercenaria during the ventilation cycle. The hatched bars at the bottom of the graph indicate the periods when the valves were closed. The open bars show when they were open. In two of the eight specimens of M. mercenaria and one of the six specimens of M. editlis examined, the minimum pH values were quite low (7.0 to 7.2). The valves of these animals remained closed throughout the period of ob Stock Photo

RMRHMJJC–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. rClo'sedl r///l Open" r//Clp5'e'd////i 0 100 MINUTES 200 FIGURE 1. Calcium concentration and pH in the extrapallial fluid of M. mercenaria during the ventilation cycle. The hatched bars at the bottom of the graph indicate the periods when the valves were closed. The open bars show when they were open. In two of the eight specimens of M. mercenaria and one of the six specimens of M. editlis examined, the minimum pH values were quite low (7.0 to 7.2). The valves of these animals remained closed throughout the period of ob

RFKEBHM4–The pH scale Universal Indicator pH Color Chart diagram acidic alkaline values common substances vector illustration flat icon design Colorful

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 402 ARDA A. GREEN AND R. V. ROOT KI -'- .047. At higher pH values the capacities have been calculated somewhat less accurately. The points between pH 6.55 and 6.96 for the tautog have been calculated using the KI values at both these reactions, then averaging the results which are then ± 2 per cent of 100 -• U75 Q. U 2 U X X o 35 N GOOSE F.I5H. TAUTOG. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations Stock Photo

RMRHP4NR–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 402 ARDA A. GREEN AND R. V. ROOT KI -'- .047. At higher pH values the capacities have been calculated somewhat less accurately. The points between pH 6.55 and 6.96 for the tautog have been calculated using the KI values at both these reactions, then averaging the results which are then ± 2 per cent of 100 -• U75 Q. U 2 U X X o 35 N GOOSE F.I5H. TAUTOG. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. PERMEABILITY OF ARBACIA EGG TO AMMONIUM SALTS 175 B. N / > FIG. 9. Swelling curves for Arbacia eggs in solutions of ammonium formate (X), acetate (A), propionate (©), butyrate (•) and valerate (D) ; pH 7.0. Solid lines, M/2 solutions; broken lines, M/2 solutions in bicarbonate-free sea water. (See Footnote 1 concerning pH values used.) Ill If the rate of entrance of free acid into the cell is the most impor- tant factor in influencing the rate of penetration of the salt, then it would be expected that the pH of the soluti Stock Photo

RMRHP6TK–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. PERMEABILITY OF ARBACIA EGG TO AMMONIUM SALTS 175 B. N / > FIG. 9. Swelling curves for Arbacia eggs in solutions of ammonium formate (X), acetate (A), propionate (©), butyrate (•) and valerate (D) ; pH 7.0. Solid lines, M/2 solutions; broken lines, M/2 solutions in bicarbonate-free sea water. (See Footnote 1 concerning pH values used.) Ill If the rate of entrance of free acid into the cell is the most impor- tant factor in influencing the rate of penetration of the salt, then it would be expected that the pH of the soluti

. Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. 112 THOMAS P. SINGER The determination of the "pH optimum" of this enzyme is a particu- larly difficult task. The ferricyanide assay, as described, functions very satisfactorily in the pH range of about 5-5 to 7-8. In this range double reciprocal plots of activity versus ferricyanide concentration show a definite, 6. Fig. l/ml. Fe(CN)j"" 9. Ferricyanide assay of soluble, purified enzyme at different pH values. zlE/min. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have Stock Photo

RMRHM1FH–. Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. 112 THOMAS P. SINGER The determination of the "pH optimum" of this enzyme is a particu- larly difficult task. The ferricyanide assay, as described, functions very satisfactorily in the pH range of about 5-5 to 7-8. In this range double reciprocal plots of activity versus ferricyanide concentration show a definite, 6. Fig. l/ml. Fe(CN)j"" 9. Ferricyanide assay of soluble, purified enzyme at different pH values. zlE/min. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have

. The eggs of mammals. Ovum; Embryology -- Mammals; Mammals -- physiology; Ovum. 116 THE EGGS OF MAMMALS to the critical events. He found that the zona pellucida of rat and mouse ova placed in fluids of low acidity quickly disappeared (at pH 3.7 or below). In a few cases the zona pellucida was dissolved in Ringer's solution with a pH as high as 5.4. Deciduomata of the rat have shown pH values as low as 5.7, which are, however, not below the critical levels of the in vitro experiments. Pincus and Enzmann (unpublished data) have taken a number of measurements of the pH of pseudopregnant and preg Stock Photo

RMRDDBT7–. The eggs of mammals. Ovum; Embryology -- Mammals; Mammals -- physiology; Ovum. 116 THE EGGS OF MAMMALS to the critical events. He found that the zona pellucida of rat and mouse ova placed in fluids of low acidity quickly disappeared (at pH 3.7 or below). In a few cases the zona pellucida was dissolved in Ringer's solution with a pH as high as 5.4. Deciduomata of the rat have shown pH values as low as 5.7, which are, however, not below the critical levels of the in vitro experiments. Pincus and Enzmann (unpublished data) have taken a number of measurements of the pH of pseudopregnant and preg

. The Canadian field-naturalist. 172 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 102. Figure 2. Map of the Canadian distribution of the Banff Longnose Dace. substrate is mud, soft to a depth of 0.5 m, but the water is clear, unless the bottom is disturbed. The pH at the Cave Hotspring inflow was 8.5; it reached 9 at the Basin Hotspring inflow. It was 8 in the center area of the marsh, and reached 9 at the outlet into the Bow River, which had a pH of 8.5. High pH values can be explained by the high concentrations of total dissolved solids especially carbonates, sulphates and calcium salts (Van Everdinge Stock Photo

RMRG2N4D–. The Canadian field-naturalist. 172 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 102. Figure 2. Map of the Canadian distribution of the Banff Longnose Dace. substrate is mud, soft to a depth of 0.5 m, but the water is clear, unless the bottom is disturbed. The pH at the Cave Hotspring inflow was 8.5; it reached 9 at the Basin Hotspring inflow. It was 8 in the center area of the marsh, and reached 9 at the outlet into the Bow River, which had a pH of 8.5. High pH values can be explained by the high concentrations of total dissolved solids especially carbonates, sulphates and calcium salts (Van Everdinge

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN CYANIDE. 383 HCN at their respective pH values. The period of exposure to was greater at a pH of 8.5 than at 6.8. It is also apparent that the drop in the P.D. after a return to normal was somewhat more cyanide is represented on the curve by the time between the arrows. From Fig. 13, it is obvious that the initial stimulation pronounced under the acid conditions than under the alkaline. .06 .05 .04- >.02 .0. BORAXt BORAX4HCN 10 20 30 4-0 MINUTES FIG. 13. Curve showing the effect of the pH Stock Photo

RMRHP5DE–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN CYANIDE. 383 HCN at their respective pH values. The period of exposure to was greater at a pH of 8.5 than at 6.8. It is also apparent that the drop in the P.D. after a return to normal was somewhat more cyanide is represented on the curve by the time between the arrows. From Fig. 13, it is obvious that the initial stimulation pronounced under the acid conditions than under the alkaline. .06 .05 .04- >.02 .0. BORAXt BORAX4HCN 10 20 30 4-0 MINUTES FIG. 13. Curve showing the effect of the pH

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. ALGAL RESPIRATION AND IODINE UPTAKE 143 in concentrations of 0.01 and 0.001 M and was inhibitory at 0.1 M. When the acids, succinic and malic, were tested for their effect on oxygen uptake in van't Hoff sea water at neutral or alkaline pH they stimulated only in high concentrations or after prolonged exposure. When tested at pH 4.5, however, these acids were stimulatory in the concentrations and to the extent given in Figure 1. The respiratory rate of the control at the low pH values was less than at pH 6.5 (Fig. 1). The fac Stock Photo

RMRHM07A–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. ALGAL RESPIRATION AND IODINE UPTAKE 143 in concentrations of 0.01 and 0.001 M and was inhibitory at 0.1 M. When the acids, succinic and malic, were tested for their effect on oxygen uptake in van't Hoff sea water at neutral or alkaline pH they stimulated only in high concentrations or after prolonged exposure. When tested at pH 4.5, however, these acids were stimulatory in the concentrations and to the extent given in Figure 1. The respiratory rate of the control at the low pH values was less than at pH 6.5 (Fig. 1). The fac

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 158 Y. KOBAYAKAWA AND N. SATOH 100r 50. 72 7.7 8.2 8-7 (pH) FIGURE 7. The percentage of wrinkled blastula formation in six series experiments of three batches from Mutsu Bay in sea water of various pH values. The same marks show the eggs of the same batch. mentioning the possibility that in A. gibbosa, some eggs pass through the wrinkled blastula stage while others do not, similar to the case of A. pectinijera which has been clarified in the present study. These species are of special significance for analyzing the nature of Stock Photo

RMRHMJEG–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 158 Y. KOBAYAKAWA AND N. SATOH 100r 50. 72 7.7 8.2 8-7 (pH) FIGURE 7. The percentage of wrinkled blastula formation in six series experiments of three batches from Mutsu Bay in sea water of various pH values. The same marks show the eggs of the same batch. mentioning the possibility that in A. gibbosa, some eggs pass through the wrinkled blastula stage while others do not, similar to the case of A. pectinijera which has been clarified in the present study. These species are of special significance for analyzing the nature of

. The chemical activities of bacteria. Bacteria. 74 THE FORMATION OF ENZYMES IN BACTERIA hydrogenase. In this example the optimum activity plcL is 6-0 (Fig. 46), but maximal formation of the enzyme occurs at ^H 8-0 (Fig. 4a) and investigation of the effective activity between growth pH values of 6 and 8 shows that the greater formation of the enzyme between these values compensates for the loss of activity per enzyme unit over this range. As a result the effective activity is approximately constant over the middle of the growth range but falls off rapidly GROWTH pH-d 120- Z' ^ 100- 80- / â A Stock Photo

RMRJ9FJH–. The chemical activities of bacteria. Bacteria. 74 THE FORMATION OF ENZYMES IN BACTERIA hydrogenase. In this example the optimum activity plcL is 6-0 (Fig. 46), but maximal formation of the enzyme occurs at ^H 8-0 (Fig. 4a) and investigation of the effective activity between growth pH values of 6 and 8 shows that the greater formation of the enzyme between these values compensates for the loss of activity per enzyme unit over this range. As a result the effective activity is approximately constant over the middle of the growth range but falls off rapidly GROWTH pH-d 120- Z' ^ 100- 80- / â A

. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. 92 Carbon-Dioxide Content of Sea-Water at Tortugas. Chloride.—The chloride was titrated with silver nitrate, using potassium chromate as indicator, and the density of the water was calculated with the aid of Knudsen's tables. u -, 0.094 .092 .090 .088 .086. Cloudy Ram N.wind Cloudy Cloudy Rough Fair Fair Ram Fig. 1.—Total carbon dioxide and time of day. H-ion concentration.—The Ph values were estimated colorimetri- cally by comparison with a set of standard tubes very kindly loaned by Professor J. F. McClendon. Excess base.—The excess base was Stock Photo

RMRFRH3D–. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. 92 Carbon-Dioxide Content of Sea-Water at Tortugas. Chloride.—The chloride was titrated with silver nitrate, using potassium chromate as indicator, and the density of the water was calculated with the aid of Knudsen's tables. u -, 0.094 .092 .090 .088 .086. Cloudy Ram N.wind Cloudy Cloudy Rough Fair Fair Ram Fig. 1.—Total carbon dioxide and time of day. H-ion concentration.—The Ph values were estimated colorimetri- cally by comparison with a set of standard tubes very kindly loaned by Professor J. F. McClendon. Excess base.—The excess base was

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 370 WILLIAM E. BERG it is necessary to determine pH-activity curves. Accordingly an attempt was made to determine the effect of pH on apyrases from anterior and posterior cells. Succinate, tris-maleate, and ammediol buffers were used to cover the pH range from 5 to 9.3; pH values were checked with a glass electrode on mixtures prepared on a macroscale exactly as used for microanalyses. Apyrase activities were deter- mined simultaneously at four different pH's in a paired series with thirty anterior or posterior blastomeres i Stock Photo

RMRHMNCN–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 370 WILLIAM E. BERG it is necessary to determine pH-activity curves. Accordingly an attempt was made to determine the effect of pH on apyrases from anterior and posterior cells. Succinate, tris-maleate, and ammediol buffers were used to cover the pH range from 5 to 9.3; pH values were checked with a glass electrode on mixtures prepared on a macroscale exactly as used for microanalyses. Apyrase activities were deter- mined simultaneously at four different pH's in a paired series with thirty anterior or posterior blastomeres i

. The Canadian field-naturalist. Norton Site 23. Figure 2. Study sites along the Horton River where predaceous water beetles were collected, July/August 2000 (compare to Figure IB for site locations). where low hills, boulders, and more rapid flow can be found. Most of the river flows through open tundra, but a small stretch in the upper third of the study area ( 65 km) is located in a remnant spruce and larch forest known as the "Thelon Oasis". The pH and spe- cific conductance values were quite low, especially in comparison with the Horton River, with pH values gen- erally around Stock Photo

RMRG2W6X–. The Canadian field-naturalist. Norton Site 23. Figure 2. Study sites along the Horton River where predaceous water beetles were collected, July/August 2000 (compare to Figure IB for site locations). where low hills, boulders, and more rapid flow can be found. Most of the river flows through open tundra, but a small stretch in the upper third of the study area ( 65 km) is located in a remnant spruce and larch forest known as the "Thelon Oasis". The pH and spe- cific conductance values were quite low, especially in comparison with the Horton River, with pH values gen- erally around

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 224 A. L. ROMANOFF 1936). For that reason, as was anticipated, the dense egg yolk undergoes an en- tirely different change in hydrogen-ion concentration. There is a gradual rise from slight acidity, of about pH 6.0, to an alkalinity of about pH 7.8 near the end of the incubation period (Fig. 1 B). Then the pH values decrease slightly before the time of hatching. The data for all species follow the same general trend of change. This again is in close agreement with data published by Shklyer (1937). pH 95 9.0 85 8.0 Z ui I 75 Stock Photo

RMRHP2DH–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 224 A. L. ROMANOFF 1936). For that reason, as was anticipated, the dense egg yolk undergoes an en- tirely different change in hydrogen-ion concentration. There is a gradual rise from slight acidity, of about pH 6.0, to an alkalinity of about pH 7.8 near the end of the incubation period (Fig. 1 B). Then the pH values decrease slightly before the time of hatching. The data for all species follow the same general trend of change. This again is in close agreement with data published by Shklyer (1937). pH 95 9.0 85 8.0 Z ui I 75

. California fish and game. Fisheries -- California; Game and game-birds -- California; Fishes -- California; Animal Population Groups; Pêches; Gibier; Poissons. 230 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAIME 7.9 ppni CaCOs and pH values ranging from 7.5 to 8.1 in August 1962 (Eawstron 1964). Largemouth bass, black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculaius), and blue- gill dominate the catch. Smallmouth bass (.1/. dolomieni), green sun- fish (L. cyariellus), red-ear sunfish (L. microlophus), and white catfish {Ictalurus catus) also are taken regularly. Rental fishing boats and outboard motors are available at a large ma Stock Photo

RMRG4819–. California fish and game. Fisheries -- California; Game and game-birds -- California; Fishes -- California; Animal Population Groups; Pêches; Gibier; Poissons. 230 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAIME 7.9 ppni CaCOs and pH values ranging from 7.5 to 8.1 in August 1962 (Eawstron 1964). Largemouth bass, black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculaius), and blue- gill dominate the catch. Smallmouth bass (.1/. dolomieni), green sun- fish (L. cyariellus), red-ear sunfish (L. microlophus), and white catfish {Ictalurus catus) also are taken regularly. Rental fishing boats and outboard motors are available at a large ma

. Commercial fisheries review. Fisheries; Fish trade. January 1961 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 13 Frozen Storage: During the 6-months study of frozen storage, samples prepared from lot 1 (brown shrimp), and those from lot 2 (white shrimp), gave similar organoleptic scores and pH values for the drip. Both tests indicated that the shrimp remained of good quality dur- ing the entire period of testing. The data on lot 2 are presented in figure 4. Combined Iced and Frozen Storage: Figure 3 also presents pH and organo- leptic data for shrimp stored under the combination of iced and frozen storage. T Stock Photo

RMREFRN4–. Commercial fisheries review. Fisheries; Fish trade. January 1961 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 13 Frozen Storage: During the 6-months study of frozen storage, samples prepared from lot 1 (brown shrimp), and those from lot 2 (white shrimp), gave similar organoleptic scores and pH values for the drip. Both tests indicated that the shrimp remained of good quality dur- ing the entire period of testing. The data on lot 2 are presented in figure 4. Combined Iced and Frozen Storage: Figure 3 also presents pH and organo- leptic data for shrimp stored under the combination of iced and frozen storage. T

RMRD3FB4–. Hydrochemical, vegetational and microbiological effects of a natural and a constructed wetland on the control of acid mine drainage . Mine drainage; Acid mine drainage; Wetlands. cores ranged from 5.67 to 7.58, with an overall mean and standard deviation of 6.43 + 0.37. The Sand Coulee wetland core eluates, while not true replicates, demonstrated some important trends. Eluate pH values from cores SC-V and SC-VN were similar (Figure 10-7). These pH values dropped at the start of the study, flattening out by 30 days into the experiment and ranged from 2.39 to 4.25, with an overall mean and sta

. Research for tomorrow's forests : 1983 research accomplishments. --. Forests and forestry Research United States. Acid Mine Drainage Not a Major Problem in Appalachian Watersheds An analysis of streams from surface- mined watersheds throughout the Appalachian coal mining region.has shown that streams are less acid than commonly believed. Research reports from the Northeastern Station show that at least two-thirds of streams draining Doth mined and unmined wa- tersheds have pH values exceeding 6 (mildly acid). Values averaged 6.3 on pre-1972 mined watersheds, 6.7 on wa- tersheds mined from 19 Stock Photo

RMRF3W11–. Research for tomorrow's forests : 1983 research accomplishments. --. Forests and forestry Research United States. Acid Mine Drainage Not a Major Problem in Appalachian Watersheds An analysis of streams from surface- mined watersheds throughout the Appalachian coal mining region.has shown that streams are less acid than commonly believed. Research reports from the Northeastern Station show that at least two-thirds of streams draining Doth mined and unmined wa- tersheds have pH values exceeding 6 (mildly acid). Values averaged 6.3 on pre-1972 mined watersheds, 6.7 on wa- tersheds mined from 19

RMRFCR2E–. Research for tomorrow's forests : 1983 research accomplishments. --. Forests and forestry Research United States. Acid Mine Drainage Not a Major Problem in Appalachian Watersheds An analysis of streams from surface- mined watersheds throughout the Appalachian coal mining region.has shown that streams are less acid than commonly believed. Research reports from the Northeastern Station show that at least two-thirds of streams draining Doth mined and unmined wa- tersheds have pH values exceeding 6 (mildly acid). Values averaged 6.3 on pre-1972 mined watersheds, 6.7 on wa- tersheds mined from 19

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. EFFECT OF pH IN GNATHOPHAUSIA 143 activity (e.g., all rates at activity 100 to 110 pleopocl beats per minute) and the means taken. Each point on Figure 2 is the mean rate for one animal at the mean activity and pH. Analysis of the regression line of respiration on activity for the three pH values showed no significant (P > 0.1, F-test) difference between the slopes of the lines. A test for homogeneity of variance, however, showed that the variance at pH 8.7 was significantly larger (P < 0.05, Bartlett's test) from that Stock Photo

RMRHMJ22–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. EFFECT OF pH IN GNATHOPHAUSIA 143 activity (e.g., all rates at activity 100 to 110 pleopocl beats per minute) and the means taken. Each point on Figure 2 is the mean rate for one animal at the mean activity and pH. Analysis of the regression line of respiration on activity for the three pH values showed no significant (P > 0.1, F-test) difference between the slopes of the lines. A test for homogeneity of variance, however, showed that the variance at pH 8.7 was significantly larger (P < 0.05, Bartlett's test) from that

. Bulletin. Agriculture -- New Hampshire. April 1933] fertilizer experiments on "run-out" hay land 11 It should be noted that the maximum pH obtained with four tons of ground limestone per acre is only about 6.1, which is still far from neutrality. pH VALUES OF SOILS. S 28 ^9 YEAR Fig. T. Shoiving average pH value of tivo groups of plots, 1925-31, one of ivhich received two tons of ground limestone per acre and the other four tons Excellent crops of alfalfa have been obtained from soils having a pH value as low as 5.6 resulting from the application of two tons of ground limestone per Stock Photo

RMRH0B7P–. Bulletin. Agriculture -- New Hampshire. April 1933] fertilizer experiments on "run-out" hay land 11 It should be noted that the maximum pH obtained with four tons of ground limestone per acre is only about 6.1, which is still far from neutrality. pH VALUES OF SOILS. S 28 ^9 YEAR Fig. T. Shoiving average pH value of tivo groups of plots, 1925-31, one of ivhich received two tons of ground limestone per acre and the other four tons Excellent crops of alfalfa have been obtained from soils having a pH value as low as 5.6 resulting from the application of two tons of ground limestone per

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF B. GLABRATA 391 omitted, 18.7, 6.2, 56.2, 68.7, 68.7 and 93.7% of the treatments receiving 1, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ^g/ml of ammonia, respectively, show a significant growth reduction. A comparison of Figures 2 and 3 show that the percentage reductions tend to be greater in SSY(1), in which the dominant anion is bicarbonate, than in SSY(2) which has chloride as the dominant anion. Table III shows that the initial mean pH values are considerably higher in SSW(l) than in SSW(2). However, the pH values of Stock Photo

RMRHN5DY–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF B. GLABRATA 391 omitted, 18.7, 6.2, 56.2, 68.7, 68.7 and 93.7% of the treatments receiving 1, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ^g/ml of ammonia, respectively, show a significant growth reduction. A comparison of Figures 2 and 3 show that the percentage reductions tend to be greater in SSY(1), in which the dominant anion is bicarbonate, than in SSY(2) which has chloride as the dominant anion. Table III shows that the initial mean pH values are considerably higher in SSW(l) than in SSW(2). However, the pH values of

. The Canadian field-naturalist. 1976 Notes 183. Figure 3. Carex praegracilis extending onto the gravel shoulders of highway 401 near Whitby, Ontario. Photographed June 1975 by P. M. Catling. (Hitchcock and Cronquist 1973), and we have found pH values from 7.5 to 8.1, and sodium levels ranging from 200 to 1500 ppm in soil collected from about the roots of plants growing in several widely separated locations. These abnormally high sodium levels (for southern Ontario) result from the use of "de-icing" salt (NaCl—95%. CaCK—5%) in winter. In the more saline, periodically moist sites Care Stock Photo

RMRG2PFG–. The Canadian field-naturalist. 1976 Notes 183. Figure 3. Carex praegracilis extending onto the gravel shoulders of highway 401 near Whitby, Ontario. Photographed June 1975 by P. M. Catling. (Hitchcock and Cronquist 1973), and we have found pH values from 7.5 to 8.1, and sodium levels ranging from 200 to 1500 ppm in soil collected from about the roots of plants growing in several widely separated locations. These abnormally high sodium levels (for southern Ontario) result from the use of "de-icing" salt (NaCl—95%. CaCK—5%) in winter. In the more saline, periodically moist sites Care

. Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. Fig. l/ml. Fe(CN)j"" 9. Ferricyanide assay of soluble, purified enzyme at different pH values. zlE/min. pH Fig. 10. Effect of pH on the activity of purified DPNH dehydrogenase. Solid line, at fixed (i -66 x io^ m) ferricyanide concentration; dashed line, V^ax values. The pH values given are those of the reaction mixture at 30°. Buffers: 0-04 M phosphate (pH 5-5 to 8-5) or tris (above pH 8-5). moderate slope and the reaction kinetics are of zero order, while at pH 5-0 the slope is negligible (Fig. 9) and the re Stock Photo

RMRHM1FC–. Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. Fig. l/ml. Fe(CN)j"" 9. Ferricyanide assay of soluble, purified enzyme at different pH values. zlE/min. pH Fig. 10. Effect of pH on the activity of purified DPNH dehydrogenase. Solid line, at fixed (i -66 x io^ m) ferricyanide concentration; dashed line, V^ax values. The pH values given are those of the reaction mixture at 30°. Buffers: 0-04 M phosphate (pH 5-5 to 8-5) or tris (above pH 8-5). moderate slope and the reaction kinetics are of zero order, while at pH 5-0 the slope is negligible (Fig. 9) and the re

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. FK,S. 1-7: Swelling curves for Arbacia eggs in half molar solutions of various ammonium salts. Abscissa?, times in minutes; orclinatcs, diameters in arbitrary unit «|ii:il to 1.064^. (See Footnote 1 concerning the pH values used.) 1. Ammonium formate (F), acetate (A), propionatc (P), butyrate (5) and i /' > ; ]>II 7.0. '. Same; pH 7.8. .v Sani' ; ],| 1 6.5. Ammonium acetate at pH indicated beside each curve. 5. Ammonium propionate at pH indicated beside each curve. 6. Ammonium butyrate at pH indicated beside each curv Stock Photo

RMRHP6WR–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. FK,S. 1-7: Swelling curves for Arbacia eggs in half molar solutions of various ammonium salts. Abscissa?, times in minutes; orclinatcs, diameters in arbitrary unit «|ii:il to 1.064^. (See Footnote 1 concerning the pH values used.) 1. Ammonium formate (F), acetate (A), propionatc (P), butyrate (5) and i /' > ; ]>II 7.0. '. Same; pH 7.8. .v Sani' ; ],| 1 6.5. Ammonium acetate at pH indicated beside each curve. 5. Ammonium propionate at pH indicated beside each curve. 6. Ammonium butyrate at pH indicated beside each curv

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. I E Q O/ I D. O /o o 7.75 12 WATER 12 %, 8 34 14 .31 I 1.7 12.6. FIGURE 5. A proposed mechanism explaining the differential effects of NH3 and NH4+ on A/, rosenbergii larvae cultured in solutions of different pH. The values for blood salinity, pH, and total ammonia were estimated from literature data as described in the text. These condi- tions are assumed to be typical of larvae prior to addition of high ambient ammonia. The water ammonia levels are incipient lethal concentrations derived for the three pH values tested. Am- Stock Photo

RMRHN6WB–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. I E Q O/ I D. O /o o 7.75 12 WATER 12 %, 8 34 14 .31 I 1.7 12.6. FIGURE 5. A proposed mechanism explaining the differential effects of NH3 and NH4+ on A/, rosenbergii larvae cultured in solutions of different pH. The values for blood salinity, pH, and total ammonia were estimated from literature data as described in the text. These condi- tions are assumed to be typical of larvae prior to addition of high ambient ammonia. The water ammonia levels are incipient lethal concentrations derived for the three pH values tested. Am-

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