Germany: 'Kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation'. The Nuremberg Chronicle, by Hartmann Schedel (1440-1514), 1493. The Nuremberg Chronicle is an illustrated world history. Its structure follows the story of human history as related in the Bible, including the histories of a number of important Western cities. Written in Latin by Hartmann Schedel, with a version in German translation by Georg Alt, it appeared in 1493. It is one of the best-documented early printed books. It is classified as an incunabulum, a book that was printed (not handwritten) before 1501 in Europe. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/germany-kingdoms-of-the-holy-roman-empire-of-the-german-nation-the-nuremberg-chronicle-by-hartmann-schedel-1440-1514-1493-the-nuremberg-chronicle-is-an-illustrated-world-history-its-structure-follows-the-story-of-human-history-as-related-in-the-bible-including-the-histories-of-a-number-of-important-western-cities-written-in-latin-by-hartmann-schedel-with-a-version-in-german-translation-by-georg-alt-it-appeared-in-1493-it-is-one-of-the-best-documented-early-printed-books-it-is-classified-as-an-incunabulum-a-book-that-was-printed-not-handwritten-before-1501-in-europe-image344224333.html
RM2B00NJ5–Germany: 'Kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation'. The Nuremberg Chronicle, by Hartmann Schedel (1440-1514), 1493. The Nuremberg Chronicle is an illustrated world history. Its structure follows the story of human history as related in the Bible, including the histories of a number of important Western cities. Written in Latin by Hartmann Schedel, with a version in German translation by Georg Alt, it appeared in 1493. It is one of the best-documented early printed books. It is classified as an incunabulum, a book that was printed (not handwritten) before 1501 in Europe.
Rudolf I (1218-1291), also known as Rudolf of Habsburg, was the son of Count Albert IV of Habsburg, and became count after his father's death in 1239. His godfather was Emperor Frederick II, to whom he paid frequent court visits. Rudolf ended the Great Interregnum that had engulfed the Holy Roman Empire after the death of Frederick when he was elected as King of Germany in 1273. Rudolf secured the recognition of the Pope by promising to launch a new crusade and renouncing all imperial rights to Rome, the papal territories and Sicily. His main opponent was King Ottokar II of Bohemia, who had r Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/rudolf-i-1218-1291-also-known-as-rudolf-of-habsburg-was-the-son-of-count-albert-iv-of-habsburg-and-became-count-after-his-fathers-death-in-1239-his-godfather-was-emperor-frederick-ii-to-whom-he-paid-frequent-court-visits-rudolf-ended-the-great-interregnum-that-had-engulfed-the-holy-roman-empire-after-the-death-of-frederick-when-he-was-elected-as-king-of-germany-in-1273-rudolf-secured-the-recognition-of-the-pope-by-promising-to-launch-a-new-crusade-and-renouncing-all-imperial-rights-to-rome-the-papal-territories-and-sicily-his-main-opponent-was-king-ottokar-ii-of-bohemia-who-had-r-image344279272.html
RM2B037M8–Rudolf I (1218-1291), also known as Rudolf of Habsburg, was the son of Count Albert IV of Habsburg, and became count after his father's death in 1239. His godfather was Emperor Frederick II, to whom he paid frequent court visits. Rudolf ended the Great Interregnum that had engulfed the Holy Roman Empire after the death of Frederick when he was elected as King of Germany in 1273. Rudolf secured the recognition of the Pope by promising to launch a new crusade and renouncing all imperial rights to Rome, the papal territories and Sicily. His main opponent was King Ottokar II of Bohemia, who had r
Charles IV (1316-1378), born Wenceslaus, was the eldest son of King John of Bohemia and grandson of Emperor Henry VII, making him part of the Luxembourg dynasty. Charles was crowned King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor in 1355, and later became King of Burgundy in 1365, making him the personal ruler of all the kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/charles-iv-1316-1378-born-wenceslaus-was-the-eldest-son-of-king-john-of-bohemia-and-grandson-of-emperor-henry-vii-making-him-part-of-the-luxembourg-dynasty-charles-was-crowned-king-of-italy-and-holy-roman-emperor-in-1355-and-later-became-king-of-burgundy-in-1365-making-him-the-personal-ruler-of-all-the-kingdoms-of-the-holy-roman-empire-image344282100.html
RM2B03B98–Charles IV (1316-1378), born Wenceslaus, was the eldest son of King John of Bohemia and grandson of Emperor Henry VII, making him part of the Luxembourg dynasty. Charles was crowned King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor in 1355, and later became King of Burgundy in 1365, making him the personal ruler of all the kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire.
Austria: Prince Eugene of Savoy (1663 -1736), general and statesman of the Holy Roman Empire, equestrian statue in Heldenplatz, Vienna. Prince Eugene of Savoy (Prinz Eugen von Savoyen; 18 October 1663 – 21 April 1736) was a general of the Imperial Army and statesman of the Holy Roman Empire and the Archduchy of Austria and one of the most successful military commanders in modern European history, rising to the highest offices of state at the Imperial court in Vienna. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/austria-prince-eugene-of-savoy-1663-1736-general-and-statesman-of-the-holy-roman-empire-equestrian-statue-in-heldenplatz-vienna-prince-eugene-of-savoy-prinz-eugen-von-savoyen-18-october-1663-21-april-1736-was-a-general-of-the-imperial-army-and-statesman-of-the-holy-roman-empire-and-the-archduchy-of-austria-and-one-of-the-most-successful-military-commanders-in-modern-european-history-rising-to-the-highest-offices-of-state-at-the-imperial-court-in-vienna-image344279575.html
RM2B03833–Austria: Prince Eugene of Savoy (1663 -1736), general and statesman of the Holy Roman Empire, equestrian statue in Heldenplatz, Vienna. Prince Eugene of Savoy (Prinz Eugen von Savoyen; 18 October 1663 – 21 April 1736) was a general of the Imperial Army and statesman of the Holy Roman Empire and the Archduchy of Austria and one of the most successful military commanders in modern European history, rising to the highest offices of state at the Imperial court in Vienna.
Austria: Prince Eugene of Savoy (1663 -1736), general and statesman of the Holy Roman Empire, equestrian statue in Heldenplatz, Vienna. Prince Eugene of Savoy (Prinz Eugen von Savoyen; 18 October 1663 – 21 April 1736) was a general of the Imperial Army and statesman of the Holy Roman Empire and the Archduchy of Austria and one of the most successful military commanders in modern European history, rising to the highest offices of state at the Imperial court in Vienna. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/austria-prince-eugene-of-savoy-1663-1736-general-and-statesman-of-the-holy-roman-empire-equestrian-statue-in-heldenplatz-vienna-prince-eugene-of-savoy-prinz-eugen-von-savoyen-18-october-1663-21-april-1736-was-a-general-of-the-imperial-army-and-statesman-of-the-holy-roman-empire-and-the-archduchy-of-austria-and-one-of-the-most-successful-military-commanders-in-modern-european-history-rising-to-the-highest-offices-of-state-at-the-imperial-court-in-vienna-image344279573.html
RM2B03831–Austria: Prince Eugene of Savoy (1663 -1736), general and statesman of the Holy Roman Empire, equestrian statue in Heldenplatz, Vienna. Prince Eugene of Savoy (Prinz Eugen von Savoyen; 18 October 1663 – 21 April 1736) was a general of the Imperial Army and statesman of the Holy Roman Empire and the Archduchy of Austria and one of the most successful military commanders in modern European history, rising to the highest offices of state at the Imperial court in Vienna.
Austria: Prince Eugene of Savoy (1663 -1736), general and statesman of the Holy Roman Empire, equestrian statue in Heldenplatz, Vienna. Prince Eugene of Savoy (Prinz Eugen von Savoyen; 18 October 1663 – 21 April 1736) was a general of the Imperial Army and statesman of the Holy Roman Empire and the Archduchy of Austria and one of the most successful military commanders in modern European history, rising to the highest offices of state at the Imperial court in Vienna. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/austria-prince-eugene-of-savoy-1663-1736-general-and-statesman-of-the-holy-roman-empire-equestrian-statue-in-heldenplatz-vienna-prince-eugene-of-savoy-prinz-eugen-von-savoyen-18-october-1663-21-april-1736-was-a-general-of-the-imperial-army-and-statesman-of-the-holy-roman-empire-and-the-archduchy-of-austria-and-one-of-the-most-successful-military-commanders-in-modern-european-history-rising-to-the-highest-offices-of-state-at-the-imperial-court-in-vienna-image344279574.html
RM2B03832–Austria: Prince Eugene of Savoy (1663 -1736), general and statesman of the Holy Roman Empire, equestrian statue in Heldenplatz, Vienna. Prince Eugene of Savoy (Prinz Eugen von Savoyen; 18 October 1663 – 21 April 1736) was a general of the Imperial Army and statesman of the Holy Roman Empire and the Archduchy of Austria and one of the most successful military commanders in modern European history, rising to the highest offices of state at the Imperial court in Vienna.
Charles I (early 1226/1227 – 7 January 1285), commonly called Charles of Anjou, was a member of the royal Capetian dynasty and the founder of the second House of Anjou. He was Count of Provence (1246–85) and Forcalquier (1246–48, 1256–85) in the Holy Roman Empire, Count of Anjou and Maine (1246–85) in France; he was also King of Sicily (1266–85) and Prince of Achaea (1278–85). In 1272, he was proclaimed King of Albania; and in 1277 he purchased a claim to the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/charles-i-early-12261227-7-january-1285-commonly-called-charles-of-anjou-was-a-member-of-the-royal-capetian-dynasty-and-the-founder-of-the-second-house-of-anjou-he-was-count-of-provence-124685-and-forcalquier-124648-125685-in-the-holy-roman-empire-count-of-anjou-and-maine-124685-in-france-he-was-also-king-of-sicily-126685-and-prince-of-achaea-127885-in-1272-he-was-proclaimed-king-of-albania-and-in-1277-he-purchased-a-claim-to-the-kingdom-of-jerusalem-image344280547.html
RM2B0399R–Charles I (early 1226/1227 – 7 January 1285), commonly called Charles of Anjou, was a member of the royal Capetian dynasty and the founder of the second House of Anjou. He was Count of Provence (1246–85) and Forcalquier (1246–48, 1256–85) in the Holy Roman Empire, Count of Anjou and Maine (1246–85) in France; he was also King of Sicily (1266–85) and Prince of Achaea (1278–85). In 1272, he was proclaimed King of Albania; and in 1277 he purchased a claim to the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Rudolf I (1218-1291), also kown as Rudolf of Habsburg, was the son of Count Albert IV of Habsburg, and became count after his father's death in 1239. His godfather was Emperor Frederick II, to whom he paid frequent court visits. Rudolf ended the Great Interregnum that had engulfed the Holy Roman Empire after the death of Frederick when he was elected as King of Germany in 1273. Rudolf secured the recognition of the Pope by promising to launch a new crusade and renouncing all imperial rights to Rome, the papal territories and Sicily. His main opponent was King Ottokar II of Bohemia, who had re Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/rudolf-i-1218-1291-also-kown-as-rudolf-of-habsburg-was-the-son-of-count-albert-iv-of-habsburg-and-became-count-after-his-fathers-death-in-1239-his-godfather-was-emperor-frederick-ii-to-whom-he-paid-frequent-court-visits-rudolf-ended-the-great-interregnum-that-had-engulfed-the-holy-roman-empire-after-the-death-of-frederick-when-he-was-elected-as-king-of-germany-in-1273-rudolf-secured-the-recognition-of-the-pope-by-promising-to-launch-a-new-crusade-and-renouncing-all-imperial-rights-to-rome-the-papal-territories-and-sicily-his-main-opponent-was-king-ottokar-ii-of-bohemia-who-had-re-image344279270.html
RM2B037M6–Rudolf I (1218-1291), also kown as Rudolf of Habsburg, was the son of Count Albert IV of Habsburg, and became count after his father's death in 1239. His godfather was Emperor Frederick II, to whom he paid frequent court visits. Rudolf ended the Great Interregnum that had engulfed the Holy Roman Empire after the death of Frederick when he was elected as King of Germany in 1273. Rudolf secured the recognition of the Pope by promising to launch a new crusade and renouncing all imperial rights to Rome, the papal territories and Sicily. His main opponent was King Ottokar II of Bohemia, who had re
Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506. He stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556. Through inheritance, Charles brought together under his rule extensive territories in western, central, and southern Europe, and the Spanish viceroyalties in the Americas and Asia. As a result, his domains spanned nearly 4 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles), a Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/charles-v-24-february-1500-21-september-1558-was-ruler-of-both-the-holy-roman-empire-from-1519-and-the-spanish-empire-as-charles-i-of-spain-from-1516-as-well-as-of-the-lands-of-the-former-duchy-of-burgundy-from-1506-he-stepped-down-from-these-and-other-positions-by-a-series-of-abdications-between-1554-and-1556-through-inheritance-charles-brought-together-under-his-rule-extensive-territories-in-western-central-and-southern-europe-and-the-spanish-viceroyalties-in-the-americas-and-asia-as-a-result-his-domains-spanned-nearly-4-million-square-kilometres-15-million-square-miles-a-image344280551.html
RM2B0399Y–Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506. He stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556. Through inheritance, Charles brought together under his rule extensive territories in western, central, and southern Europe, and the Spanish viceroyalties in the Americas and Asia. As a result, his domains spanned nearly 4 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles), a
Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506. He stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556. Through inheritance, Charles brought together under his rule extensive territories in western, central, and southern Europe, and the Spanish viceroyalties in the Americas and Asia. As a result, his domains spanned nearly 4 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles), a Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/charles-v-24-february-1500-21-september-1558-was-ruler-of-both-the-holy-roman-empire-from-1519-and-the-spanish-empire-as-charles-i-of-spain-from-1516-as-well-as-of-the-lands-of-the-former-duchy-of-burgundy-from-1506-he-stepped-down-from-these-and-other-positions-by-a-series-of-abdications-between-1554-and-1556-through-inheritance-charles-brought-together-under-his-rule-extensive-territories-in-western-central-and-southern-europe-and-the-spanish-viceroyalties-in-the-americas-and-asia-as-a-result-his-domains-spanned-nearly-4-million-square-kilometres-15-million-square-miles-a-image344281065.html
RM2B03A09–Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506. He stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556. Through inheritance, Charles brought together under his rule extensive territories in western, central, and southern Europe, and the Spanish viceroyalties in the Americas and Asia. As a result, his domains spanned nearly 4 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles), a
Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506. He stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556. Through inheritance, Charles brought together under his rule extensive territories in western, central, and southern Europe, and the Spanish viceroyalties in the Americas and Asia. As a result, his domains spanned nearly 4 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles), a Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/charles-v-24-february-1500-21-september-1558-was-ruler-of-both-the-holy-roman-empire-from-1519-and-the-spanish-empire-as-charles-i-of-spain-from-1516-as-well-as-of-the-lands-of-the-former-duchy-of-burgundy-from-1506-he-stepped-down-from-these-and-other-positions-by-a-series-of-abdications-between-1554-and-1556-through-inheritance-charles-brought-together-under-his-rule-extensive-territories-in-western-central-and-southern-europe-and-the-spanish-viceroyalties-in-the-americas-and-asia-as-a-result-his-domains-spanned-nearly-4-million-square-kilometres-15-million-square-miles-a-image344281020.html
RM2B039XM–Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506. He stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556. Through inheritance, Charles brought together under his rule extensive territories in western, central, and southern Europe, and the Spanish viceroyalties in the Americas and Asia. As a result, his domains spanned nearly 4 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles), a
Lothair I (795-855), also known as Lothar I, was the eldest son of Emperor Louis the Pious and grew up in the court of his grandfather, Emperor Charlemagne. When Louis became sole emperor in 814, he sent Lothair to govern Bavaria in 815. Lothair was crowned as co-emperor and declared as principal heir in 817, and would be overlord to his younger brothers, Pippin of Aquitaine and Louis the German, as well as his cousin Bernard of Italy. When his father died in 840, Lothair ignored all previous plans for partitioning and claimed the whole of the Holy Roman Empire for himself, leading to another Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/lothair-i-795-855-also-known-as-lothar-i-was-the-eldest-son-of-emperor-louis-the-pious-and-grew-up-in-the-court-of-his-grandfather-emperor-charlemagne-when-louis-became-sole-emperor-in-814-he-sent-lothair-to-govern-bavaria-in-815-lothair-was-crowned-as-co-emperor-and-declared-as-principal-heir-in-817-and-would-be-overlord-to-his-younger-brothers-pippin-of-aquitaine-and-louis-the-german-as-well-as-his-cousin-bernard-of-italy-when-his-father-died-in-840-lothair-ignored-all-previous-plans-for-partitioning-and-claimed-the-whole-of-the-holy-roman-empire-for-himself-leading-to-another-image344280720.html
RM2B039G0–Lothair I (795-855), also known as Lothar I, was the eldest son of Emperor Louis the Pious and grew up in the court of his grandfather, Emperor Charlemagne. When Louis became sole emperor in 814, he sent Lothair to govern Bavaria in 815. Lothair was crowned as co-emperor and declared as principal heir in 817, and would be overlord to his younger brothers, Pippin of Aquitaine and Louis the German, as well as his cousin Bernard of Italy. When his father died in 840, Lothair ignored all previous plans for partitioning and claimed the whole of the Holy Roman Empire for himself, leading to another
Lothair I (795-855), also known as Lothar I, was the eldest son of Emperor Louis the Pious and grew up in the court of his grandfather, Emperor Charlemagne. When Louis became sole emperor in 814, he sent Lothair to govern Bavaria in 815. Lothair was crowned as co-emperor and declared as principal heir in 817, and would be overlord to his younger brothers, Pippin of Aquitaine and Louis the German, as well as his cousin Bernard of Italy. When his father died in 840, Lothair ignored all previous plans for partitioning and claimed the whole of the Holy Roman Empire for himself, leading to another Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/lothair-i-795-855-also-known-as-lothar-i-was-the-eldest-son-of-emperor-louis-the-pious-and-grew-up-in-the-court-of-his-grandfather-emperor-charlemagne-when-louis-became-sole-emperor-in-814-he-sent-lothair-to-govern-bavaria-in-815-lothair-was-crowned-as-co-emperor-and-declared-as-principal-heir-in-817-and-would-be-overlord-to-his-younger-brothers-pippin-of-aquitaine-and-louis-the-german-as-well-as-his-cousin-bernard-of-italy-when-his-father-died-in-840-lothair-ignored-all-previous-plans-for-partitioning-and-claimed-the-whole-of-the-holy-roman-empire-for-himself-leading-to-another-image344280772.html
RM2B039HT–Lothair I (795-855), also known as Lothar I, was the eldest son of Emperor Louis the Pious and grew up in the court of his grandfather, Emperor Charlemagne. When Louis became sole emperor in 814, he sent Lothair to govern Bavaria in 815. Lothair was crowned as co-emperor and declared as principal heir in 817, and would be overlord to his younger brothers, Pippin of Aquitaine and Louis the German, as well as his cousin Bernard of Italy. When his father died in 840, Lothair ignored all previous plans for partitioning and claimed the whole of the Holy Roman Empire for himself, leading to another
Henry V (1081/1086-1125) was the son of Emperor Henry IV, and in 1099 was crowned King of Germany and his true successor in place of his older brother Conrad, who had rebelled against their father. Henry took an oath of non-interference in imperial matters while his father ruled, but he was persuaded by his father's enemies to revolt in 1104, forcing his father to abdicate in 1105 and making Henry sole ruler of the Holy Roman Empire. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/henry-v-10811086-1125-was-the-son-of-emperor-henry-iv-and-in-1099-was-crowned-king-of-germany-and-his-true-successor-in-place-of-his-older-brother-conrad-who-had-rebelled-against-their-father-henry-took-an-oath-of-non-interference-in-imperial-matters-while-his-father-ruled-but-he-was-persuaded-by-his-fathers-enemies-to-revolt-in-1104-forcing-his-father-to-abdicate-in-1105-and-making-henry-sole-ruler-of-the-holy-roman-empire-image344281010.html
RM2B039XA–Henry V (1081/1086-1125) was the son of Emperor Henry IV, and in 1099 was crowned King of Germany and his true successor in place of his older brother Conrad, who had rebelled against their father. Henry took an oath of non-interference in imperial matters while his father ruled, but he was persuaded by his father's enemies to revolt in 1104, forcing his father to abdicate in 1105 and making Henry sole ruler of the Holy Roman Empire.
Henry IV (1050-1106), son of Emperor Henry III, was crowned King of Germany in 1056 after his father's death, though his young age meant his mother ruled as regent in his stead. He was kidnapped in the Coup of Kaiserswerth in 1062, a conspiracy led by the Archbishop of Cologne Anno II, who ruled the Holy Roman Empire while supervising over Henry's education and training. When Anno was absent from Germany for a period, Henry managed to wrest back control of the government, and spent much of his reign consolidating his imperial power. The Investiture Controversy occurred during his rule, one of Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/henry-iv-1050-1106-son-of-emperor-henry-iii-was-crowned-king-of-germany-in-1056-after-his-fathers-death-though-his-young-age-meant-his-mother-ruled-as-regent-in-his-stead-he-was-kidnapped-in-the-coup-of-kaiserswerth-in-1062-a-conspiracy-led-by-the-archbishop-of-cologne-anno-ii-who-ruled-the-holy-roman-empire-while-supervising-over-henrys-education-and-training-when-anno-was-absent-from-germany-for-a-period-henry-managed-to-wrest-back-control-of-the-government-and-spent-much-of-his-reign-consolidating-his-imperial-power-the-investiture-controversy-occurred-during-his-rule-one-of-image344281008.html
RM2B039X8–Henry IV (1050-1106), son of Emperor Henry III, was crowned King of Germany in 1056 after his father's death, though his young age meant his mother ruled as regent in his stead. He was kidnapped in the Coup of Kaiserswerth in 1062, a conspiracy led by the Archbishop of Cologne Anno II, who ruled the Holy Roman Empire while supervising over Henry's education and training. When Anno was absent from Germany for a period, Henry managed to wrest back control of the government, and spent much of his reign consolidating his imperial power. The Investiture Controversy occurred during his rule, one of
Henry IV (1050-1106), son of Emperor Henry III, was crowned King of Germany in 1056 after his father's death, though his young age meant his mother ruled as regent in his stead. He was kidnapped in the Coup of Kaiserswerth in 1062, a conspiracy led by the Archbishop of Cologne Anno II, who ruled the Holy Roman Empire while supervising over Henry's education and training. When Anno was absent from Germany for a period, Henry managed to wrest back control of the government, and spent much of his reign consolidating his imperial power. The Investiture Controversy occurred during his rule, one of Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/henry-iv-1050-1106-son-of-emperor-henry-iii-was-crowned-king-of-germany-in-1056-after-his-fathers-death-though-his-young-age-meant-his-mother-ruled-as-regent-in-his-stead-he-was-kidnapped-in-the-coup-of-kaiserswerth-in-1062-a-conspiracy-led-by-the-archbishop-of-cologne-anno-ii-who-ruled-the-holy-roman-empire-while-supervising-over-henrys-education-and-training-when-anno-was-absent-from-germany-for-a-period-henry-managed-to-wrest-back-control-of-the-government-and-spent-much-of-his-reign-consolidating-his-imperial-power-the-investiture-controversy-occurred-during-his-rule-one-of-image344281012.html
RM2B039XC–Henry IV (1050-1106), son of Emperor Henry III, was crowned King of Germany in 1056 after his father's death, though his young age meant his mother ruled as regent in his stead. He was kidnapped in the Coup of Kaiserswerth in 1062, a conspiracy led by the Archbishop of Cologne Anno II, who ruled the Holy Roman Empire while supervising over Henry's education and training. When Anno was absent from Germany for a period, Henry managed to wrest back control of the government, and spent much of his reign consolidating his imperial power. The Investiture Controversy occurred during his rule, one of
Henry II (974-1024), also known as Henry IV and Saint Henry, was the son of Henry II, Duke of Bavaria and great-grandson of King Henry I, therefore making him part of the Bavarian branch of the Ottonian dynasty. Due to his father's rebellion against the two previous emperors, Henry was often in exile and became close with the Church. He succeeded his father as Duke of Bavaria in 995, taking the name Henry IV. As Henry was returning home to claim his lands however, Emperor Otto III died of fever with no heir to succeed him. Political chaos gripped the Holy Roman Empire, and Henry defeated seve Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/henry-ii-974-1024-also-known-as-henry-iv-and-saint-henry-was-the-son-of-henry-ii-duke-of-bavaria-and-great-grandson-of-king-henry-i-therefore-making-him-part-of-the-bavarian-branch-of-the-ottonian-dynasty-due-to-his-fathers-rebellion-against-the-two-previous-emperors-henry-was-often-in-exile-and-became-close-with-the-church-he-succeeded-his-father-as-duke-of-bavaria-in-995-taking-the-name-henry-iv-as-henry-was-returning-home-to-claim-his-lands-however-emperor-otto-iii-died-of-fever-with-no-heir-to-succeed-him-political-chaos-gripped-the-holy-roman-empire-and-henry-defeated-seve-image344281142.html
RM2B03A32–Henry II (974-1024), also known as Henry IV and Saint Henry, was the son of Henry II, Duke of Bavaria and great-grandson of King Henry I, therefore making him part of the Bavarian branch of the Ottonian dynasty. Due to his father's rebellion against the two previous emperors, Henry was often in exile and became close with the Church. He succeeded his father as Duke of Bavaria in 995, taking the name Henry IV. As Henry was returning home to claim his lands however, Emperor Otto III died of fever with no heir to succeed him. Political chaos gripped the Holy Roman Empire, and Henry defeated seve
Henry II (974-1024), also known as Henry IV and Saint Henry, was the son of Henry II, Duke of Bavaria and great-grandson of King Henry I, therefore making him part of the Bavarian branch of the Ottonian dynasty. Due to his father's rebellion against the two previous emperors, Henry was often in exile and became close with the Church. He succeeded his father as Duke of Bavaria in 995, taking the name Henry IV. As Henry was returning home to claim his lands however, Emperor Otto III died of fever with no heir to succeed him. Political chaos gripped the Holy Roman Empire, and Henry defeated seve Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/henry-ii-974-1024-also-known-as-henry-iv-and-saint-henry-was-the-son-of-henry-ii-duke-of-bavaria-and-great-grandson-of-king-henry-i-therefore-making-him-part-of-the-bavarian-branch-of-the-ottonian-dynasty-due-to-his-fathers-rebellion-against-the-two-previous-emperors-henry-was-often-in-exile-and-became-close-with-the-church-he-succeeded-his-father-as-duke-of-bavaria-in-995-taking-the-name-henry-iv-as-henry-was-returning-home-to-claim-his-lands-however-emperor-otto-iii-died-of-fever-with-no-heir-to-succeed-him-political-chaos-gripped-the-holy-roman-empire-and-henry-defeated-seve-image344279228.html
RM2B037JM–Henry II (974-1024), also known as Henry IV and Saint Henry, was the son of Henry II, Duke of Bavaria and great-grandson of King Henry I, therefore making him part of the Bavarian branch of the Ottonian dynasty. Due to his father's rebellion against the two previous emperors, Henry was often in exile and became close with the Church. He succeeded his father as Duke of Bavaria in 995, taking the name Henry IV. As Henry was returning home to claim his lands however, Emperor Otto III died of fever with no heir to succeed him. Political chaos gripped the Holy Roman Empire, and Henry defeated seve
Henry II (974-1024), also known as Henry IV and Saint Henry, was the son of Henry II, Duke of Bavaria and great-grandson of King Henry I, therefore making him part of the Bavarian branch of the Ottonian dynasty. Due to his father's rebellion against the two previous emperors, Henry was often in exile and became close with the Church. He succeeded his father as Duke of Bavaria in 995, taking the name Henry IV. As Henry was returning home to claim his lands however, Emperor Otto III died of fever with no heir to succeed him. Political chaos gripped the Holy Roman Empire, and Henry defeated seve Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/henry-ii-974-1024-also-known-as-henry-iv-and-saint-henry-was-the-son-of-henry-ii-duke-of-bavaria-and-great-grandson-of-king-henry-i-therefore-making-him-part-of-the-bavarian-branch-of-the-ottonian-dynasty-due-to-his-fathers-rebellion-against-the-two-previous-emperors-henry-was-often-in-exile-and-became-close-with-the-church-he-succeeded-his-father-as-duke-of-bavaria-in-995-taking-the-name-henry-iv-as-henry-was-returning-home-to-claim-his-lands-however-emperor-otto-iii-died-of-fever-with-no-heir-to-succeed-him-political-chaos-gripped-the-holy-roman-empire-and-henry-defeated-seve-image344280377.html
RM2B0393N–Henry II (974-1024), also known as Henry IV and Saint Henry, was the son of Henry II, Duke of Bavaria and great-grandson of King Henry I, therefore making him part of the Bavarian branch of the Ottonian dynasty. Due to his father's rebellion against the two previous emperors, Henry was often in exile and became close with the Church. He succeeded his father as Duke of Bavaria in 995, taking the name Henry IV. As Henry was returning home to claim his lands however, Emperor Otto III died of fever with no heir to succeed him. Political chaos gripped the Holy Roman Empire, and Henry defeated seve
Henry II (974-1024), also known as Henry IV and Saint Henry, was the son of Henry II, Duke of Bavaria and great-grandson of King Henry I, therefore making him part of the Bavarian branch of the Ottonian dynasty. Due to his father's rebellion against the two previous emperors, Henry was often in exile and became close with the Church. He succeeded his father as Duke of Bavaria in 995, taking the name Henry IV. As Henry was returning home to claim his lands however, Emperor Otto III died of fever with no heir to succeed him. Political chaos gripped the Holy Roman Empire, and Henry defeated seve Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/henry-ii-974-1024-also-known-as-henry-iv-and-saint-henry-was-the-son-of-henry-ii-duke-of-bavaria-and-great-grandson-of-king-henry-i-therefore-making-him-part-of-the-bavarian-branch-of-the-ottonian-dynasty-due-to-his-fathers-rebellion-against-the-two-previous-emperors-henry-was-often-in-exile-and-became-close-with-the-church-he-succeeded-his-father-as-duke-of-bavaria-in-995-taking-the-name-henry-iv-as-henry-was-returning-home-to-claim-his-lands-however-emperor-otto-iii-died-of-fever-with-no-heir-to-succeed-him-political-chaos-gripped-the-holy-roman-empire-and-henry-defeated-seve-image344280379.html
RM2B0393R–Henry II (974-1024), also known as Henry IV and Saint Henry, was the son of Henry II, Duke of Bavaria and great-grandson of King Henry I, therefore making him part of the Bavarian branch of the Ottonian dynasty. Due to his father's rebellion against the two previous emperors, Henry was often in exile and became close with the Church. He succeeded his father as Duke of Bavaria in 995, taking the name Henry IV. As Henry was returning home to claim his lands however, Emperor Otto III died of fever with no heir to succeed him. Political chaos gripped the Holy Roman Empire, and Henry defeated seve
Henry II (974-1024), also known as Henry IV and Saint Henry, was the son of Henry II, Duke of Bavaria and great-grandson of King Henry I, therefore making him part of the Bavarian branch of the Ottonian dynasty. Due to his father's rebellion against the two previous emperors, Henry was often in exile and became close with the Church. He succeeded his father as Duke of Bavaria in 995, taking the name Henry IV. As Henry was returning home to claim his lands however, Emperor Otto III died of fever with no heir to succeed him. Political chaos gripped the Holy Roman Empire, and Henry defeated seve Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/henry-ii-974-1024-also-known-as-henry-iv-and-saint-henry-was-the-son-of-henry-ii-duke-of-bavaria-and-great-grandson-of-king-henry-i-therefore-making-him-part-of-the-bavarian-branch-of-the-ottonian-dynasty-due-to-his-fathers-rebellion-against-the-two-previous-emperors-henry-was-often-in-exile-and-became-close-with-the-church-he-succeeded-his-father-as-duke-of-bavaria-in-995-taking-the-name-henry-iv-as-henry-was-returning-home-to-claim-his-lands-however-emperor-otto-iii-died-of-fever-with-no-heir-to-succeed-him-political-chaos-gripped-the-holy-roman-empire-and-henry-defeated-seve-image344279226.html
RM2B037JJ–Henry II (974-1024), also known as Henry IV and Saint Henry, was the son of Henry II, Duke of Bavaria and great-grandson of King Henry I, therefore making him part of the Bavarian branch of the Ottonian dynasty. Due to his father's rebellion against the two previous emperors, Henry was often in exile and became close with the Church. He succeeded his father as Duke of Bavaria in 995, taking the name Henry IV. As Henry was returning home to claim his lands however, Emperor Otto III died of fever with no heir to succeed him. Political chaos gripped the Holy Roman Empire, and Henry defeated seve
Turkey/Italy: 'The Ertugrul Cavalry Regiment crossing the Galata Bridge'. Painting by Fausto Zonaro (1854-1929), 1901. The Ottoman Empire's power and prestige peaked in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. The empire was often at odds with the Holy Roman Empire in its steady advance towards Central Europe through the Balkans and the southern part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. At sea, the empire contended with the Holy Leagues, composed of Habsburg Spain, the Republic of Venice and the Knights of St. John, to control the Mediterranean Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/turkeyitaly-the-ertugrul-cavalry-regiment-crossing-the-galata-bridge-painting-by-fausto-zonaro-1854-1929-1901-the-ottoman-empires-power-and-prestige-peaked-in-the-16th-and-17th-centuries-particularly-during-the-reign-of-suleiman-the-magnificent-the-empire-was-often-at-odds-with-the-holy-roman-empire-in-its-steady-advance-towards-central-europe-through-the-balkans-and-the-southern-part-of-the-polish-lithuanian-commonwealth-at-sea-the-empire-contended-with-the-holy-leagues-composed-of-habsburg-spain-the-republic-of-venice-and-the-knights-of-st-john-to-control-the-mediterranean-image344224533.html
RM2B00NW9–Turkey/Italy: 'The Ertugrul Cavalry Regiment crossing the Galata Bridge'. Painting by Fausto Zonaro (1854-1929), 1901. The Ottoman Empire's power and prestige peaked in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. The empire was often at odds with the Holy Roman Empire in its steady advance towards Central Europe through the Balkans and the southern part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. At sea, the empire contended with the Holy Leagues, composed of Habsburg Spain, the Republic of Venice and the Knights of St. John, to control the Mediterranean
Turkey/Germany: Poster showing Sultans of the Ottoman Dynasty, from Osman I (upper left corner) to Mehmed V (large portrait in the center). Printed in Germany during the reign of Mehmed V (1909–1918). The Ottoman Empire's power and prestige peaked in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. The empire was often at odds with the Holy Roman Empire in its steady advance towards Central Europe through the Balkans and the southern part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/turkeygermany-poster-showing-sultans-of-the-ottoman-dynasty-from-osman-i-upper-left-corner-to-mehmed-v-large-portrait-in-the-center-printed-in-germany-during-the-reign-of-mehmed-v-19091918-the-ottoman-empires-power-and-prestige-peaked-in-the-16th-and-17th-centuries-particularly-during-the-reign-of-suleiman-the-magnificent-the-empire-was-often-at-odds-with-the-holy-roman-empire-in-its-steady-advance-towards-central-europe-through-the-balkans-and-the-southern-part-of-the-polish-lithuanian-commonwealth-image344224617.html
RM2B00P09–Turkey/Germany: Poster showing Sultans of the Ottoman Dynasty, from Osman I (upper left corner) to Mehmed V (large portrait in the center). Printed in Germany during the reign of Mehmed V (1909–1918). The Ottoman Empire's power and prestige peaked in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. The empire was often at odds with the Holy Roman Empire in its steady advance towards Central Europe through the Balkans and the southern part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Spain: The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (r. 1519-1556), joint signatory of the Treaty of Zaragoza dividing the Orient between Spain and Portugal. Oil on canvas painting by Lambert Sustris (1515-1584), 1548. The Treaty of Zaragoza, also referred to as the capitulation of Zaragoza, was a peace treaty between Spain and Portugal signed on 22 April of 1529 by King John III and the Emperor Charles V, in the city of Zaragoza. The treaty defined the areas of Spanish and Portuguese influence in Asia to resolve the 'Moluccas issue', when both kingdoms claimed those islands for themselves. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/spain-the-holy-roman-emperor-charles-v-r-1519-1556-joint-signatory-of-the-treaty-of-zaragoza-dividing-the-orient-between-spain-and-portugal-oil-on-canvas-painting-by-lambert-sustris-1515-1584-1548-the-treaty-of-zaragoza-also-referred-to-as-the-capitulation-of-zaragoza-was-a-peace-treaty-between-spain-and-portugal-signed-on-22-april-of-1529-by-king-john-iii-and-the-emperor-charles-v-in-the-city-of-zaragoza-the-treaty-defined-the-areas-of-spanish-and-portuguese-influence-in-asia-to-resolve-the-moluccas-issue-when-both-kingdoms-claimed-those-islands-for-themselves-image344231917.html
RM2B01391–Spain: The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (r. 1519-1556), joint signatory of the Treaty of Zaragoza dividing the Orient between Spain and Portugal. Oil on canvas painting by Lambert Sustris (1515-1584), 1548. The Treaty of Zaragoza, also referred to as the capitulation of Zaragoza, was a peace treaty between Spain and Portugal signed on 22 April of 1529 by King John III and the Emperor Charles V, in the city of Zaragoza. The treaty defined the areas of Spanish and Portuguese influence in Asia to resolve the 'Moluccas issue', when both kingdoms claimed those islands for themselves.
Italy: Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV Begging Countess Matilda of Tuscany (1046-1115) and Abbot Hugh of Cluny to intercede for Him with Pope Gregory VII. Miniature painting, Vatican Codex 4922, 1115 CE. Matilda of Tuscany (Italian: Matilde, Latin: Mathilda) (1046-24 July 1115) was an Italian noblewoman, the principal Italian supporter of Pope Gregory VII during the Investiture Controversy. She is one of the few medieval women to be remembered for her military accomplishments. She is sometimes called la Gran Contessa (the Great Countess) or Matilda of Canossa after her ancestral castle. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/italy-holy-roman-emperor-henry-iv-begging-countess-matilda-of-tuscany-1046-1115-and-abbot-hugh-of-cluny-to-intercede-for-him-with-pope-gregory-vii-miniature-painting-vatican-codex-4922-1115-ce-matilda-of-tuscany-italian-matilde-latin-mathilda-1046-24-july-1115-was-an-italian-noblewoman-the-principal-italian-supporter-of-pope-gregory-vii-during-the-investiture-controversy-she-is-one-of-the-few-medieval-women-to-be-remembered-for-her-military-accomplishments-she-is-sometimes-called-la-gran-contessa-the-great-countess-or-matilda-of-canossa-after-her-ancestral-castle-image344240187.html
RM2B01DTB–Italy: Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV Begging Countess Matilda of Tuscany (1046-1115) and Abbot Hugh of Cluny to intercede for Him with Pope Gregory VII. Miniature painting, Vatican Codex 4922, 1115 CE. Matilda of Tuscany (Italian: Matilde, Latin: Mathilda) (1046-24 July 1115) was an Italian noblewoman, the principal Italian supporter of Pope Gregory VII during the Investiture Controversy. She is one of the few medieval women to be remembered for her military accomplishments. She is sometimes called la Gran Contessa (the Great Countess) or Matilda of Canossa after her ancestral castle.
Ferdinand II (1578-1637) was the son of Charles II, Archduke of Austria, and grandson of Emperor Ferdinand I. Ferdinand was part of a Catholic faction opposed to his cousin, Emperor Matthias, who was more tolerant to Protestantism. He became King of Bohemia in 1617, King of Hungary in 1618, and ascended to Holy Roman Emperor in 1619 after his cousin's death. Ferdinand was a zealous Catholic and immediately worked to restore Catholicism as the only religion in the Holy Roman Empire, suppressing Protestantism wherever he could, leading to conflict with his non-Catholic subjects. He discarded t Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/ferdinand-ii-1578-1637-was-the-son-of-charles-ii-archduke-of-austria-and-grandson-of-emperor-ferdinand-i-ferdinand-was-part-of-a-catholic-faction-opposed-to-his-cousin-emperor-matthias-who-was-more-tolerant-to-protestantism-he-became-king-of-bohemia-in-1617-king-of-hungary-in-1618-and-ascended-to-holy-roman-emperor-in-1619-after-his-cousins-death-ferdinand-was-a-zealous-catholic-and-immediately-worked-to-restore-catholicism-as-the-only-religion-in-the-holy-roman-empire-suppressing-protestantism-wherever-he-could-leading-to-conflict-with-his-non-catholic-subjects-he-discarded-t-image344279689.html
RM2B03875–Ferdinand II (1578-1637) was the son of Charles II, Archduke of Austria, and grandson of Emperor Ferdinand I. Ferdinand was part of a Catholic faction opposed to his cousin, Emperor Matthias, who was more tolerant to Protestantism. He became King of Bohemia in 1617, King of Hungary in 1618, and ascended to Holy Roman Emperor in 1619 after his cousin's death. Ferdinand was a zealous Catholic and immediately worked to restore Catholicism as the only religion in the Holy Roman Empire, suppressing Protestantism wherever he could, leading to conflict with his non-Catholic subjects. He discarded t
Charles II (823-877), more commonly nicknamed Charles the Bald, was the son of Emperor Louis the Pious from his second wife. When Emperor Louis II died in 875, Charles became emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/charles-ii-823-877-more-commonly-nicknamed-charles-the-bald-was-the-son-of-emperor-louis-the-pious-from-his-second-wife-when-emperor-louis-ii-died-in-875-charles-became-emperor-of-the-holy-roman-empire-image344282285.html
RM2B03BFW–Charles II (823-877), more commonly nicknamed Charles the Bald, was the son of Emperor Louis the Pious from his second wife. When Emperor Louis II died in 875, Charles became emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506. He stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/charles-v-24-february-1500-21-september-1558-was-ruler-of-both-the-holy-roman-empire-from-1519-and-the-spanish-empire-as-charles-i-of-spain-from-1516-as-well-as-of-the-lands-of-the-former-duchy-of-burgundy-from-1506-he-stepped-down-from-these-and-other-positions-by-a-series-of-abdications-between-1554-and-1556-image344282248.html
RM2B03BEG–Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506. He stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556.
Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506. He stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/charles-v-24-february-1500-21-september-1558-was-ruler-of-both-the-holy-roman-empire-from-1519-and-the-spanish-empire-as-charles-i-of-spain-from-1516-as-well-as-of-the-lands-of-the-former-duchy-of-burgundy-from-1506-he-stepped-down-from-these-and-other-positions-by-a-series-of-abdications-between-1554-and-1556-image344282108.html
RM2B03B9G–Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506. He stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556.
Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506. He stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/charles-v-24-february-1500-21-september-1558-was-ruler-of-both-the-holy-roman-empire-from-1519-and-the-spanish-empire-as-charles-i-of-spain-from-1516-as-well-as-of-the-lands-of-the-former-duchy-of-burgundy-from-1506-he-stepped-down-from-these-and-other-positions-by-a-series-of-abdications-between-1554-and-1556-image344282246.html
RM2B03BEE–Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506. He stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556.
Wenceslaus IV (1361-1419), also known as Wenceslaus of Bohemia and Wenceslaus the Idle, was the son of Emperor Charles IV and became King of Bohemia in 1363, aged only two. He was elected as King of Germany in 1376 by the actions of his father, who passed away in 1378, making Wenceslaus sole ruler of Bohemia and the Holy Roman Empire. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/wenceslaus-iv-1361-1419-also-known-as-wenceslaus-of-bohemia-and-wenceslaus-the-idle-was-the-son-of-emperor-charles-iv-and-became-king-of-bohemia-in-1363-aged-only-two-he-was-elected-as-king-of-germany-in-1376-by-the-actions-of-his-father-who-passed-away-in-1378-making-wenceslaus-sole-ruler-of-bohemia-and-the-holy-roman-empire-image344282107.html
RM2B03B9F–Wenceslaus IV (1361-1419), also known as Wenceslaus of Bohemia and Wenceslaus the Idle, was the son of Emperor Charles IV and became King of Bohemia in 1363, aged only two. He was elected as King of Germany in 1376 by the actions of his father, who passed away in 1378, making Wenceslaus sole ruler of Bohemia and the Holy Roman Empire.
Wenceslaus IV (1361-1419), also known as Wenceslaus of Bohemia and Wenceslaus the Idle, was the son of Emperor Charles IV and became King of Bohemia in 1363, aged only two. He was elected as King of Germany in 1376 by the actions of his father, who passed away in 1378, making Wenceslaus sole ruler of Bohemia and the Holy Roman Empire. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/wenceslaus-iv-1361-1419-also-known-as-wenceslaus-of-bohemia-and-wenceslaus-the-idle-was-the-son-of-emperor-charles-iv-and-became-king-of-bohemia-in-1363-aged-only-two-he-was-elected-as-king-of-germany-in-1376-by-the-actions-of-his-father-who-passed-away-in-1378-making-wenceslaus-sole-ruler-of-bohemia-and-the-holy-roman-empire-image344282105.html
RM2B03B9D–Wenceslaus IV (1361-1419), also known as Wenceslaus of Bohemia and Wenceslaus the Idle, was the son of Emperor Charles IV and became King of Bohemia in 1363, aged only two. He was elected as King of Germany in 1376 by the actions of his father, who passed away in 1378, making Wenceslaus sole ruler of Bohemia and the Holy Roman Empire.
Lothair I (795-855), also known as Lothar I, was the eldest son of Emperor Louis the Pious and grew up in the court of his grandfather, Emperor Charlemagne. When his father died in 840, Lothair ignored all previous plans for partitioning and claimed the whole of the Holy Roman Empire for himself, leading to another civil war which lasted around three years. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/lothair-i-795-855-also-known-as-lothar-i-was-the-eldest-son-of-emperor-louis-the-pious-and-grew-up-in-the-court-of-his-grandfather-emperor-charlemagne-when-his-father-died-in-840-lothair-ignored-all-previous-plans-for-partitioning-and-claimed-the-whole-of-the-holy-roman-empire-for-himself-leading-to-another-civil-war-which-lasted-around-three-years-image344282276.html
RM2B03BFG–Lothair I (795-855), also known as Lothar I, was the eldest son of Emperor Louis the Pious and grew up in the court of his grandfather, Emperor Charlemagne. When his father died in 840, Lothair ignored all previous plans for partitioning and claimed the whole of the Holy Roman Empire for himself, leading to another civil war which lasted around three years.
Lothair I (795-855), also known as Lothar I, was the eldest son of Emperor Louis the Pious and grew up in the court of his grandfather, Emperor Charlemagne. When his father died in 840, Lothair ignored all previous plans for partitioning and claimed the whole of the Holy Roman Empire for himself, leading to another civil war which lasted around three years. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/lothair-i-795-855-also-known-as-lothar-i-was-the-eldest-son-of-emperor-louis-the-pious-and-grew-up-in-the-court-of-his-grandfather-emperor-charlemagne-when-his-father-died-in-840-lothair-ignored-all-previous-plans-for-partitioning-and-claimed-the-whole-of-the-holy-roman-empire-for-himself-leading-to-another-civil-war-which-lasted-around-three-years-image344282104.html
RM2B03B9C–Lothair I (795-855), also known as Lothar I, was the eldest son of Emperor Louis the Pious and grew up in the court of his grandfather, Emperor Charlemagne. When his father died in 840, Lothair ignored all previous plans for partitioning and claimed the whole of the Holy Roman Empire for himself, leading to another civil war which lasted around three years.
Rudolf I (1218-1291), also known as Rudolf of Habsburg, was the son of Count Albert IV of Habsburg, and became count after his father's death in 1239. His godfather was Emperor Frederick II, to whom he paid frequent court visits. Rudolf ended the Great Interregnum that had engulfed the Holy Roman Empire after the death of Frederick when he was elected as King of Germany in 1273. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/rudolf-i-1218-1291-also-known-as-rudolf-of-habsburg-was-the-son-of-count-albert-iv-of-habsburg-and-became-count-after-his-fathers-death-in-1239-his-godfather-was-emperor-frederick-ii-to-whom-he-paid-frequent-court-visits-rudolf-ended-the-great-interregnum-that-had-engulfed-the-holy-roman-empire-after-the-death-of-frederick-when-he-was-elected-as-king-of-germany-in-1273-image344281618.html
RM2B03AM2–Rudolf I (1218-1291), also known as Rudolf of Habsburg, was the son of Count Albert IV of Habsburg, and became count after his father's death in 1239. His godfather was Emperor Frederick II, to whom he paid frequent court visits. Rudolf ended the Great Interregnum that had engulfed the Holy Roman Empire after the death of Frederick when he was elected as King of Germany in 1273.
Rudolf I (1218-1291), also known as Rudolf of Habsburg, was the son of Count Albert IV of Habsburg, and became count after his father's death in 1239. His godfather was Emperor Frederick II, to whom he paid frequent court visits. Rudolf ended the Great Interregnum that had engulfed the Holy Roman Empire after the death of Frederick when he was elected as King of Germany in 1273. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/rudolf-i-1218-1291-also-known-as-rudolf-of-habsburg-was-the-son-of-count-albert-iv-of-habsburg-and-became-count-after-his-fathers-death-in-1239-his-godfather-was-emperor-frederick-ii-to-whom-he-paid-frequent-court-visits-rudolf-ended-the-great-interregnum-that-had-engulfed-the-holy-roman-empire-after-the-death-of-frederick-when-he-was-elected-as-king-of-germany-in-1273-image344281617.html
RM2B03AM1–Rudolf I (1218-1291), also known as Rudolf of Habsburg, was the son of Count Albert IV of Habsburg, and became count after his father's death in 1239. His godfather was Emperor Frederick II, to whom he paid frequent court visits. Rudolf ended the Great Interregnum that had engulfed the Holy Roman Empire after the death of Frederick when he was elected as King of Germany in 1273.
Rudolf I (1218-1291), also known as Rudolf of Habsburg, was the son of Count Albert IV of Habsburg, and became count after his father's death in 1239. His godfather was Emperor Frederick II, to whom he paid frequent court visits. Rudolf ended the Great Interregnum that had engulfed the Holy Roman Empire after the death of Frederick when he was elected as King of Germany in 1273. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/rudolf-i-1218-1291-also-known-as-rudolf-of-habsburg-was-the-son-of-count-albert-iv-of-habsburg-and-became-count-after-his-fathers-death-in-1239-his-godfather-was-emperor-frederick-ii-to-whom-he-paid-frequent-court-visits-rudolf-ended-the-great-interregnum-that-had-engulfed-the-holy-roman-empire-after-the-death-of-frederick-when-he-was-elected-as-king-of-germany-in-1273-image344282216.html
RM2B03BDC–Rudolf I (1218-1291), also known as Rudolf of Habsburg, was the son of Count Albert IV of Habsburg, and became count after his father's death in 1239. His godfather was Emperor Frederick II, to whom he paid frequent court visits. Rudolf ended the Great Interregnum that had engulfed the Holy Roman Empire after the death of Frederick when he was elected as King of Germany in 1273.
Rudolf I (1218-1291), also known as Rudolf of Habsburg, was the son of Count Albert IV of Habsburg, and became count after his father's death in 1239. His godfather was Emperor Frederick II, to whom he paid frequent court visits. Rudolf ended the Great Interregnum that had engulfed the Holy Roman Empire after the death of Frederick when he was elected as King of Germany in 1273. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/rudolf-i-1218-1291-also-known-as-rudolf-of-habsburg-was-the-son-of-count-albert-iv-of-habsburg-and-became-count-after-his-fathers-death-in-1239-his-godfather-was-emperor-frederick-ii-to-whom-he-paid-frequent-court-visits-rudolf-ended-the-great-interregnum-that-had-engulfed-the-holy-roman-empire-after-the-death-of-frederick-when-he-was-elected-as-king-of-germany-in-1273-image344282099.html
RM2B03B97–Rudolf I (1218-1291), also known as Rudolf of Habsburg, was the son of Count Albert IV of Habsburg, and became count after his father's death in 1239. His godfather was Emperor Frederick II, to whom he paid frequent court visits. Rudolf ended the Great Interregnum that had engulfed the Holy Roman Empire after the death of Frederick when he was elected as King of Germany in 1273.
Rudolf I (1218-1291), also known as Rudolf of Habsburg, was the son of Count Albert IV of Habsburg, and became count after his father's death in 1239. His godfather was Emperor Frederick II, to whom he paid frequent court visits. Rudolf ended the Great Interregnum that had engulfed the Holy Roman Empire after the death of Frederick when he was elected as King of Germany in 1273. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/rudolf-i-1218-1291-also-known-as-rudolf-of-habsburg-was-the-son-of-count-albert-iv-of-habsburg-and-became-count-after-his-fathers-death-in-1239-his-godfather-was-emperor-frederick-ii-to-whom-he-paid-frequent-court-visits-rudolf-ended-the-great-interregnum-that-had-engulfed-the-holy-roman-empire-after-the-death-of-frederick-when-he-was-elected-as-king-of-germany-in-1273-image344282224.html
RM2B03BDM–Rudolf I (1218-1291), also known as Rudolf of Habsburg, was the son of Count Albert IV of Habsburg, and became count after his father's death in 1239. His godfather was Emperor Frederick II, to whom he paid frequent court visits. Rudolf ended the Great Interregnum that had engulfed the Holy Roman Empire after the death of Frederick when he was elected as King of Germany in 1273.
Henry V (1081/1086-1125) was the son of Emperor Henry IV, and in 1099 was crowned King of Germany and his true successor in place of his older brother Conrad, who had rebelled against their father. Henry took an oath of non-interference in imperial matters while his father ruled, but he was persuaded by his father's enemies to revolt in 1104, forcing his father to abdicate in 1105 and making Henry sole ruler of the Holy Roman Empire. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/henry-v-10811086-1125-was-the-son-of-emperor-henry-iv-and-in-1099-was-crowned-king-of-germany-and-his-true-successor-in-place-of-his-older-brother-conrad-who-had-rebelled-against-their-father-henry-took-an-oath-of-non-interference-in-imperial-matters-while-his-father-ruled-but-he-was-persuaded-by-his-fathers-enemies-to-revolt-in-1104-forcing-his-father-to-abdicate-in-1105-and-making-henry-sole-ruler-of-the-holy-roman-empire-image344281996.html
RM2B03B5G–Henry V (1081/1086-1125) was the son of Emperor Henry IV, and in 1099 was crowned King of Germany and his true successor in place of his older brother Conrad, who had rebelled against their father. Henry took an oath of non-interference in imperial matters while his father ruled, but he was persuaded by his father's enemies to revolt in 1104, forcing his father to abdicate in 1105 and making Henry sole ruler of the Holy Roman Empire.
Henry V (1081/1086-1125) was the son of Emperor Henry IV, and in 1099 was crowned King of Germany and his true successor in place of his older brother Conrad, who had rebelled against their father. Henry took an oath of non-interference in imperial matters while his father ruled, but he was persuaded by his father's enemies to revolt in 1104, forcing his father to abdicate in 1105 and making Henry sole ruler of the Holy Roman Empire. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/henry-v-10811086-1125-was-the-son-of-emperor-henry-iv-and-in-1099-was-crowned-king-of-germany-and-his-true-successor-in-place-of-his-older-brother-conrad-who-had-rebelled-against-their-father-henry-took-an-oath-of-non-interference-in-imperial-matters-while-his-father-ruled-but-he-was-persuaded-by-his-fathers-enemies-to-revolt-in-1104-forcing-his-father-to-abdicate-in-1105-and-making-henry-sole-ruler-of-the-holy-roman-empire-image344282003.html
RM2B03B5R–Henry V (1081/1086-1125) was the son of Emperor Henry IV, and in 1099 was crowned King of Germany and his true successor in place of his older brother Conrad, who had rebelled against their father. Henry took an oath of non-interference in imperial matters while his father ruled, but he was persuaded by his father's enemies to revolt in 1104, forcing his father to abdicate in 1105 and making Henry sole ruler of the Holy Roman Empire.
Henry VII (1275-1313) was the son of Count Henry VI of Luxembourg, and he was raised in the French court. When he became Count of Luxembourg and Arion in 1288, he sought the protection of King Philip the Fair of France, becoming a French vassal rather than remain under the weak rule of the Holy Roman Empire. Henry became involved in the political machinations after King Albert I's death in 1308, chosen as a compromise condidate by the electors who feared King Philip's, and consequently France's, attempts to get his brother elected as the next German King. He was crowned in 1309 after some ski Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/henry-vii-1275-1313-was-the-son-of-count-henry-vi-of-luxembourg-and-he-was-raised-in-the-french-court-when-he-became-count-of-luxembourg-and-arion-in-1288-he-sought-the-protection-of-king-philip-the-fair-of-france-becoming-a-french-vassal-rather-than-remain-under-the-weak-rule-of-the-holy-roman-empire-henry-became-involved-in-the-political-machinations-after-king-albert-is-death-in-1308-chosen-as-a-compromise-condidate-by-the-electors-who-feared-king-philips-and-consequently-frances-attempts-to-get-his-brother-elected-as-the-next-german-king-he-was-crowned-in-1309-after-some-ski-image344280559.html
RM2B039A7–Henry VII (1275-1313) was the son of Count Henry VI of Luxembourg, and he was raised in the French court. When he became Count of Luxembourg and Arion in 1288, he sought the protection of King Philip the Fair of France, becoming a French vassal rather than remain under the weak rule of the Holy Roman Empire. Henry became involved in the political machinations after King Albert I's death in 1308, chosen as a compromise condidate by the electors who feared King Philip's, and consequently France's, attempts to get his brother elected as the next German King. He was crowned in 1309 after some ski
Rupert (1352-1410), also known as Rupert of the Palatinate and Rupert the Gentle, was the son of Elector Palatine Rupert II and a distant relative of Emperor Louis IV. He succeeded his father as Elector Palatine in 1398, and was declared King of Germany in 1400 by his fellow prince-electors, deposing King Wenceslaus. Rupert lacked a solid power base within the Holy Roman Empire, his rule contested by the House of Luxembourg, King Wenceslaus' house, who refused to recognise his dethronement but took no direct action against Rupert. He marched into Italy in 1401, hoping to be crowned Holy Roman Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/rupert-1352-1410-also-known-as-rupert-of-the-palatinate-and-rupert-the-gentle-was-the-son-of-elector-palatine-rupert-ii-and-a-distant-relative-of-emperor-louis-iv-he-succeeded-his-father-as-elector-palatine-in-1398-and-was-declared-king-of-germany-in-1400-by-his-fellow-prince-electors-deposing-king-wenceslaus-rupert-lacked-a-solid-power-base-within-the-holy-roman-empire-his-rule-contested-by-the-house-of-luxembourg-king-wenceslaus-house-who-refused-to-recognise-his-dethronement-but-took-no-direct-action-against-rupert-he-marched-into-italy-in-1401-hoping-to-be-crowned-holy-roman-image344281168.html
RM2B03A40–Rupert (1352-1410), also known as Rupert of the Palatinate and Rupert the Gentle, was the son of Elector Palatine Rupert II and a distant relative of Emperor Louis IV. He succeeded his father as Elector Palatine in 1398, and was declared King of Germany in 1400 by his fellow prince-electors, deposing King Wenceslaus. Rupert lacked a solid power base within the Holy Roman Empire, his rule contested by the House of Luxembourg, King Wenceslaus' house, who refused to recognise his dethronement but took no direct action against Rupert. He marched into Italy in 1401, hoping to be crowned Holy Roman
Henry VII (1275-1313) was the son of Count Henry VI of Luxembourg, and he was raised in the French court. When he became Count of Luxembourg and Arion in 1288, he sought the protection of King Philip the Fair of France, becoming a French vassal rather than remain under the weak rule of the Holy Roman Empire. Henry became involved in the political machinations after King Albert I's death in 1308, chosen as a compromise condidate by the electors who feared King Philip's, and consequently France's, attempts to get his brother elected as the next German King. He was crowned in 1309 after some ski Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/henry-vii-1275-1313-was-the-son-of-count-henry-vi-of-luxembourg-and-he-was-raised-in-the-french-court-when-he-became-count-of-luxembourg-and-arion-in-1288-he-sought-the-protection-of-king-philip-the-fair-of-france-becoming-a-french-vassal-rather-than-remain-under-the-weak-rule-of-the-holy-roman-empire-henry-became-involved-in-the-political-machinations-after-king-albert-is-death-in-1308-chosen-as-a-compromise-condidate-by-the-electors-who-feared-king-philips-and-consequently-frances-attempts-to-get-his-brother-elected-as-the-next-german-king-he-was-crowned-in-1309-after-some-ski-image344280558.html
RM2B039A6–Henry VII (1275-1313) was the son of Count Henry VI of Luxembourg, and he was raised in the French court. When he became Count of Luxembourg and Arion in 1288, he sought the protection of King Philip the Fair of France, becoming a French vassal rather than remain under the weak rule of the Holy Roman Empire. Henry became involved in the political machinations after King Albert I's death in 1308, chosen as a compromise condidate by the electors who feared King Philip's, and consequently France's, attempts to get his brother elected as the next German King. He was crowned in 1309 after some ski
Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506. He stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556. Through inheritance, Charles brought together under his rule extensive territories in western, central, and southern Europe, and the Spanish viceroyalties in the Americas and Asia. As a result, his domains spanned nearly 4 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles), a Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/charles-v-24-february-1500-21-september-1558-was-ruler-of-both-the-holy-roman-empire-from-1519-and-the-spanish-empire-as-charles-i-of-spain-from-1516-as-well-as-of-the-lands-of-the-former-duchy-of-burgundy-from-1506-he-stepped-down-from-these-and-other-positions-by-a-series-of-abdications-between-1554-and-1556-through-inheritance-charles-brought-together-under-his-rule-extensive-territories-in-western-central-and-southern-europe-and-the-spanish-viceroyalties-in-the-americas-and-asia-as-a-result-his-domains-spanned-nearly-4-million-square-kilometres-15-million-square-miles-a-image344280652.html
RM2B039DG–Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506. He stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556. Through inheritance, Charles brought together under his rule extensive territories in western, central, and southern Europe, and the Spanish viceroyalties in the Americas and Asia. As a result, his domains spanned nearly 4 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles), a
Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506. He stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556. Through inheritance, Charles brought together under his rule extensive territories in western, central, and southern Europe, and the Spanish viceroyalties in the Americas and Asia. As a result, his domains spanned nearly 4 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles), a Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/charles-v-24-february-1500-21-september-1558-was-ruler-of-both-the-holy-roman-empire-from-1519-and-the-spanish-empire-as-charles-i-of-spain-from-1516-as-well-as-of-the-lands-of-the-former-duchy-of-burgundy-from-1506-he-stepped-down-from-these-and-other-positions-by-a-series-of-abdications-between-1554-and-1556-through-inheritance-charles-brought-together-under-his-rule-extensive-territories-in-western-central-and-southern-europe-and-the-spanish-viceroyalties-in-the-americas-and-asia-as-a-result-his-domains-spanned-nearly-4-million-square-kilometres-15-million-square-miles-a-image344280587.html
RM2B039B7–Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506. He stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556. Through inheritance, Charles brought together under his rule extensive territories in western, central, and southern Europe, and the Spanish viceroyalties in the Americas and Asia. As a result, his domains spanned nearly 4 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles), a
Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506. He stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556. Through inheritance, Charles brought together under his rule extensive territories in western, central, and southern Europe, and the Spanish viceroyalties in the Americas and Asia. As a result, his domains spanned nearly 4 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles), a Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/charles-v-24-february-1500-21-september-1558-was-ruler-of-both-the-holy-roman-empire-from-1519-and-the-spanish-empire-as-charles-i-of-spain-from-1516-as-well-as-of-the-lands-of-the-former-duchy-of-burgundy-from-1506-he-stepped-down-from-these-and-other-positions-by-a-series-of-abdications-between-1554-and-1556-through-inheritance-charles-brought-together-under-his-rule-extensive-territories-in-western-central-and-southern-europe-and-the-spanish-viceroyalties-in-the-americas-and-asia-as-a-result-his-domains-spanned-nearly-4-million-square-kilometres-15-million-square-miles-a-image344280596.html
RM2B039BG–Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506. He stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556. Through inheritance, Charles brought together under his rule extensive territories in western, central, and southern Europe, and the Spanish viceroyalties in the Americas and Asia. As a result, his domains spanned nearly 4 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles), a
Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506. He stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556. Through inheritance, Charles brought together under his rule extensive territories in western, central, and southern Europe, and the Spanish viceroyalties in the Americas and Asia. As a result, his domains spanned nearly 4 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles), a Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/charles-v-24-february-1500-21-september-1558-was-ruler-of-both-the-holy-roman-empire-from-1519-and-the-spanish-empire-as-charles-i-of-spain-from-1516-as-well-as-of-the-lands-of-the-former-duchy-of-burgundy-from-1506-he-stepped-down-from-these-and-other-positions-by-a-series-of-abdications-between-1554-and-1556-through-inheritance-charles-brought-together-under-his-rule-extensive-territories-in-western-central-and-southern-europe-and-the-spanish-viceroyalties-in-the-americas-and-asia-as-a-result-his-domains-spanned-nearly-4-million-square-kilometres-15-million-square-miles-a-image344280586.html
RM2B039B6–Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506. He stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556. Through inheritance, Charles brought together under his rule extensive territories in western, central, and southern Europe, and the Spanish viceroyalties in the Americas and Asia. As a result, his domains spanned nearly 4 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles), a
Turkey: Transporting veiled women and children by horse cart, Vlas Mikhailovich Doroshevich, c. 1900. The Ottoman Empire's power and prestige peaked in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. The empire was often at odds with the Holy Roman Empire in its steady advance towards Central Europe through the Balkans and the southern part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. At sea, the empire contended with the Holy Leagues, composed of Habsburg Spain, the Republic of Venice and the Knights of St. John, for control of the Mediterranean. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/turkey-transporting-veiled-women-and-children-by-horse-cart-vlas-mikhailovich-doroshevich-c-1900-the-ottoman-empires-power-and-prestige-peaked-in-the-16th-and-17th-centuries-particularly-during-the-reign-of-suleiman-the-magnificent-the-empire-was-often-at-odds-with-the-holy-roman-empire-in-its-steady-advance-towards-central-europe-through-the-balkans-and-the-southern-part-of-the-polish-lithuanian-commonwealth-at-sea-the-empire-contended-with-the-holy-leagues-composed-of-habsburg-spain-the-republic-of-venice-and-the-knights-of-st-john-for-control-of-the-mediterranean-image344224599.html
RM2B00NYK–Turkey: Transporting veiled women and children by horse cart, Vlas Mikhailovich Doroshevich, c. 1900. The Ottoman Empire's power and prestige peaked in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. The empire was often at odds with the Holy Roman Empire in its steady advance towards Central Europe through the Balkans and the southern part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. At sea, the empire contended with the Holy Leagues, composed of Habsburg Spain, the Republic of Venice and the Knights of St. John, for control of the Mediterranean.
Charles IV (1316-1378), born Wenceslaus, was the eldest son of King John of Bohemia and grandson of Emperor Henry VII, making him part of the Luxembourg dynasty. Charles was crowned King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor in 1355, and later became King of Burgundy in 1365, making him the personal ruler of all the kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/charles-iv-1316-1378-born-wenceslaus-was-the-eldest-son-of-king-john-of-bohemia-and-grandson-of-emperor-henry-vii-making-him-part-of-the-luxembourg-dynasty-charles-was-crowned-king-of-italy-and-holy-roman-emperor-in-1355-and-later-became-king-of-burgundy-in-1365-making-him-the-personal-ruler-of-all-the-kingdoms-of-the-holy-roman-empire-image344282311.html
RM2B03BGR–Charles IV (1316-1378), born Wenceslaus, was the eldest son of King John of Bohemia and grandson of Emperor Henry VII, making him part of the Luxembourg dynasty. Charles was crowned King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor in 1355, and later became King of Burgundy in 1365, making him the personal ruler of all the kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire.
Charles IV (1316-1378), born Wenceslaus, was the eldest son of King John of Bohemia and grandson of Emperor Henry VII, making him part of the Luxembourg dynasty. Charles was crowned King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor in 1355, and later became King of Burgundy in 1365, making him the personal ruler of all the kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/charles-iv-1316-1378-born-wenceslaus-was-the-eldest-son-of-king-john-of-bohemia-and-grandson-of-emperor-henry-vii-making-him-part-of-the-luxembourg-dynasty-charles-was-crowned-king-of-italy-and-holy-roman-emperor-in-1355-and-later-became-king-of-burgundy-in-1365-making-him-the-personal-ruler-of-all-the-kingdoms-of-the-holy-roman-empire-image344281768.html
RM2B03AWC–Charles IV (1316-1378), born Wenceslaus, was the eldest son of King John of Bohemia and grandson of Emperor Henry VII, making him part of the Luxembourg dynasty. Charles was crowned King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor in 1355, and later became King of Burgundy in 1365, making him the personal ruler of all the kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire.
Charles IV (1316-1378), born Wenceslaus, was the eldest son of King John of Bohemia and grandson of Emperor Henry VII, making him part of the Luxembourg dynasty. Charles was crowned King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor in 1355, and later became King of Burgundy in 1365, making him the personal ruler of all the kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/charles-iv-1316-1378-born-wenceslaus-was-the-eldest-son-of-king-john-of-bohemia-and-grandson-of-emperor-henry-vii-making-him-part-of-the-luxembourg-dynasty-charles-was-crowned-king-of-italy-and-holy-roman-emperor-in-1355-and-later-became-king-of-burgundy-in-1365-making-him-the-personal-ruler-of-all-the-kingdoms-of-the-holy-roman-empire-image344281767.html
RM2B03AWB–Charles IV (1316-1378), born Wenceslaus, was the eldest son of King John of Bohemia and grandson of Emperor Henry VII, making him part of the Luxembourg dynasty. Charles was crowned King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor in 1355, and later became King of Burgundy in 1365, making him the personal ruler of all the kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire.
Charles IV (1316-1378), born Wenceslaus, was the eldest son of King John of Bohemia and grandson of Emperor Henry VII, making him part of the Luxembourg dynasty. Charles was crowned King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor in 1355, and later became King of Burgundy in 1365, making him the personal ruler of all the kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/charles-iv-1316-1378-born-wenceslaus-was-the-eldest-son-of-king-john-of-bohemia-and-grandson-of-emperor-henry-vii-making-him-part-of-the-luxembourg-dynasty-charles-was-crowned-king-of-italy-and-holy-roman-emperor-in-1355-and-later-became-king-of-burgundy-in-1365-making-him-the-personal-ruler-of-all-the-kingdoms-of-the-holy-roman-empire-image344282208.html
RM2B03BD4–Charles IV (1316-1378), born Wenceslaus, was the eldest son of King John of Bohemia and grandson of Emperor Henry VII, making him part of the Luxembourg dynasty. Charles was crowned King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor in 1355, and later became King of Burgundy in 1365, making him the personal ruler of all the kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire.
Charles IV (1316-1378), born Wenceslaus, was the eldest son of King John of Bohemia and grandson of Emperor Henry VII, making him part of the Luxembourg dynasty. Charles was crowned King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor in 1355, and later became King of Burgundy in 1365, making him the personal ruler of all the kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/charles-iv-1316-1378-born-wenceslaus-was-the-eldest-son-of-king-john-of-bohemia-and-grandson-of-emperor-henry-vii-making-him-part-of-the-luxembourg-dynasty-charles-was-crowned-king-of-italy-and-holy-roman-emperor-in-1355-and-later-became-king-of-burgundy-in-1365-making-him-the-personal-ruler-of-all-the-kingdoms-of-the-holy-roman-empire-image344282103.html
RM2B03B9B–Charles IV (1316-1378), born Wenceslaus, was the eldest son of King John of Bohemia and grandson of Emperor Henry VII, making him part of the Luxembourg dynasty. Charles was crowned King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor in 1355, and later became King of Burgundy in 1365, making him the personal ruler of all the kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire.
Ferdinand I (1503-1564) was the son of Philip I of Castile and Queen Joanna I of Castile, grandson of Emperor Maximilian I and younger brother of future emperor Charles V. Born and raised in Spain, he was sent to Flanders in 1518. When Charles became Holy Roman emperor in 1519, Ferdinand was entrusted with the governing of their hereditary Austrian lands, becoming Archduke of Austria and adopting the German culture as his own. Ferdinand became King of Bohemia and Hungary in 1526 after the death of his brother-in-law Louis II, and served as his brother Charles' deputy in the Holy Roman Empire Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/ferdinand-i-1503-1564-was-the-son-of-philip-i-of-castile-and-queen-joanna-i-of-castile-grandson-of-emperor-maximilian-i-and-younger-brother-of-future-emperor-charles-v-born-and-raised-in-spain-he-was-sent-to-flanders-in-1518-when-charles-became-holy-roman-emperor-in-1519-ferdinand-was-entrusted-with-the-governing-of-their-hereditary-austrian-lands-becoming-archduke-of-austria-and-adopting-the-german-culture-as-his-own-ferdinand-became-king-of-bohemia-and-hungary-in-1526-after-the-death-of-his-brother-in-law-louis-ii-and-served-as-his-brother-charles-deputy-in-the-holy-roman-empire-image344281181.html
RM2B03A4D–Ferdinand I (1503-1564) was the son of Philip I of Castile and Queen Joanna I of Castile, grandson of Emperor Maximilian I and younger brother of future emperor Charles V. Born and raised in Spain, he was sent to Flanders in 1518. When Charles became Holy Roman emperor in 1519, Ferdinand was entrusted with the governing of their hereditary Austrian lands, becoming Archduke of Austria and adopting the German culture as his own. Ferdinand became King of Bohemia and Hungary in 1526 after the death of his brother-in-law Louis II, and served as his brother Charles' deputy in the Holy Roman Empire
Ferdinand I (1503-1564) was the son of Philip I of Castile and Queen Joanna I of Castile, grandson of Emperor Maximilian I and younger brother of future emperor Charles V. Born and raised in Spain, he was sent to Flanders in 1518. When Charles became Holy Roman emperor in 1519, Ferdinand was entrusted with the governing of their hereditary Austrian lands, becoming Archduke of Austria and adopting the German culture as his own. Ferdinand became King of Bohemia and Hungary in 1526 after the death of his brother-in-law Louis II, and served as his brother Charles' deputy in the Holy Roman Empire Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/ferdinand-i-1503-1564-was-the-son-of-philip-i-of-castile-and-queen-joanna-i-of-castile-grandson-of-emperor-maximilian-i-and-younger-brother-of-future-emperor-charles-v-born-and-raised-in-spain-he-was-sent-to-flanders-in-1518-when-charles-became-holy-roman-emperor-in-1519-ferdinand-was-entrusted-with-the-governing-of-their-hereditary-austrian-lands-becoming-archduke-of-austria-and-adopting-the-german-culture-as-his-own-ferdinand-became-king-of-bohemia-and-hungary-in-1526-after-the-death-of-his-brother-in-law-louis-ii-and-served-as-his-brother-charles-deputy-in-the-holy-roman-empire-image344281182.html
RM2B03A4E–Ferdinand I (1503-1564) was the son of Philip I of Castile and Queen Joanna I of Castile, grandson of Emperor Maximilian I and younger brother of future emperor Charles V. Born and raised in Spain, he was sent to Flanders in 1518. When Charles became Holy Roman emperor in 1519, Ferdinand was entrusted with the governing of their hereditary Austrian lands, becoming Archduke of Austria and adopting the German culture as his own. Ferdinand became King of Bohemia and Hungary in 1526 after the death of his brother-in-law Louis II, and served as his brother Charles' deputy in the Holy Roman Empire
Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or simply Ashkenazim ('The Jews of Germany'), are a Jewish ethnic division who coalesced as a distinct community of Jews in the Holy Roman Empire around the end of the 1st millennium. The traditional language of Ashkenazi Jews consisted of various dialects of Yiddish. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/ashkenazi-jews-also-known-as-ashkenazic-jews-or-simply-ashkenazim-the-jews-of-germany-are-a-jewish-ethnic-division-who-coalesced-as-a-distinct-community-of-jews-in-the-holy-roman-empire-around-the-end-of-the-1st-millennium-the-traditional-language-of-ashkenazi-jews-consisted-of-various-dialects-of-yiddish-image344274227.html
RM2B03183–Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or simply Ashkenazim ('The Jews of Germany'), are a Jewish ethnic division who coalesced as a distinct community of Jews in the Holy Roman Empire around the end of the 1st millennium. The traditional language of Ashkenazi Jews consisted of various dialects of Yiddish.
Henry III (1016-1056), also known as Henry the Black and Henry the Pious, was the eldest son of Emperor Conrad II and a member of the Salian Dynasty. He was elected and crowned as King of Germany in 1028, after his father became Holy Roman Emperor. In 1026, his father made him Duke of Bavaria. Henry would also became Duke of Swabia and King of Burgundy ten years later in 1038, and when his father died in 1039, he became sole ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, though was not crowned as emperor until 1046. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/henry-iii-1016-1056-also-known-as-henry-the-black-and-henry-the-pious-was-the-eldest-son-of-emperor-conrad-ii-and-a-member-of-the-salian-dynasty-he-was-elected-and-crowned-as-king-of-germany-in-1028-after-his-father-became-holy-roman-emperor-in-1026-his-father-made-him-duke-of-bavaria-henry-would-also-became-duke-of-swabia-and-king-of-burgundy-ten-years-later-in-1038-and-when-his-father-died-in-1039-he-became-sole-ruler-of-the-holy-roman-empire-though-was-not-crowned-as-emperor-until-1046-image344281051.html
RM2B039YR–Henry III (1016-1056), also known as Henry the Black and Henry the Pious, was the eldest son of Emperor Conrad II and a member of the Salian Dynasty. He was elected and crowned as King of Germany in 1028, after his father became Holy Roman Emperor. In 1026, his father made him Duke of Bavaria. Henry would also became Duke of Swabia and King of Burgundy ten years later in 1038, and when his father died in 1039, he became sole ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, though was not crowned as emperor until 1046.
Henry III (1016-1056), also known as Henry the Black and Henry the Pious, was the eldest son of Emperor Conrad II and a member of the Salian Dynasty. He was elected and crowned as King of Germany in 1028, after his father became Holy Roman Emperor. In 1026, his father made him Duke of Bavaria. Henry would also became Duke of Swabia and King of Burgundy ten years later in 1038, and when his father died in 1039, he became sole ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, though was not crowned as emperor until 1046. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/henry-iii-1016-1056-also-known-as-henry-the-black-and-henry-the-pious-was-the-eldest-son-of-emperor-conrad-ii-and-a-member-of-the-salian-dynasty-he-was-elected-and-crowned-as-king-of-germany-in-1028-after-his-father-became-holy-roman-emperor-in-1026-his-father-made-him-duke-of-bavaria-henry-would-also-became-duke-of-swabia-and-king-of-burgundy-ten-years-later-in-1038-and-when-his-father-died-in-1039-he-became-sole-ruler-of-the-holy-roman-empire-though-was-not-crowned-as-emperor-until-1046-image344281050.html
RM2B039YP–Henry III (1016-1056), also known as Henry the Black and Henry the Pious, was the eldest son of Emperor Conrad II and a member of the Salian Dynasty. He was elected and crowned as King of Germany in 1028, after his father became Holy Roman Emperor. In 1026, his father made him Duke of Bavaria. Henry would also became Duke of Swabia and King of Burgundy ten years later in 1038, and when his father died in 1039, he became sole ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, though was not crowned as emperor until 1046.
Frederick I Barbarossa (1122 – 10 June 1190) was a German Holy Roman Emperor. He was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned in Aachen on 9 March 1152. He became King of Italy in 1155 and was finally crowned Roman Emperor by Pope Adrian IV on 18 June 1155. Two years later, the term 'sacrum' (i.e. 'holy') first appeared in a document in connection with his Empire. He was then also formally crowned King of Burgundy at Arles on 30 June 1178. He got the name Barbarossa from the northern Italian cities he attempted to rule. Barbarossa is 'red beard' in Italian—a mark of bo Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/frederick-i-barbarossa-1122-10-june-1190-was-a-german-holy-roman-emperor-he-was-elected-king-of-germany-at-frankfurt-on-4-march-1152-and-crowned-in-aachen-on-9-march-1152-he-became-king-of-italy-in-1155-and-was-finally-crowned-roman-emperor-by-pope-adrian-iv-on-18-june-1155-two-years-later-the-term-sacrum-ie-holy-first-appeared-in-a-document-in-connection-with-his-empire-he-was-then-also-formally-crowned-king-of-burgundy-at-arles-on-30-june-1178-he-got-the-name-barbarossa-from-the-northern-italian-cities-he-attempted-to-rule-barbarossa-is-red-beard-in-italiana-mark-of-bo-image344257228.html
RM2B027H0–Frederick I Barbarossa (1122 – 10 June 1190) was a German Holy Roman Emperor. He was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned in Aachen on 9 March 1152. He became King of Italy in 1155 and was finally crowned Roman Emperor by Pope Adrian IV on 18 June 1155. Two years later, the term 'sacrum' (i.e. 'holy') first appeared in a document in connection with his Empire. He was then also formally crowned King of Burgundy at Arles on 30 June 1178. He got the name Barbarossa from the northern Italian cities he attempted to rule. Barbarossa is 'red beard' in Italian—a mark of bo
Frederick I Barbarossa (1122 – 10 June 1190) was a German Holy Roman Emperor. He was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned in Aachen on 9 March 1152. He became King of Italy in 1155 and was finally crowned Roman Emperor by Pope Adrian IV on 18 June 1155. Two years later, the term 'sacrum' (i.e. 'holy') first appeared in a document in connection with his Empire. He was then also formally crowned King of Burgundy at Arles on 30 June 1178. He got the name Barbarossa from the northern Italian cities he attempted to rule. Barbarossa is 'red beard' in Italian—a mark of bo Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/frederick-i-barbarossa-1122-10-june-1190-was-a-german-holy-roman-emperor-he-was-elected-king-of-germany-at-frankfurt-on-4-march-1152-and-crowned-in-aachen-on-9-march-1152-he-became-king-of-italy-in-1155-and-was-finally-crowned-roman-emperor-by-pope-adrian-iv-on-18-june-1155-two-years-later-the-term-sacrum-ie-holy-first-appeared-in-a-document-in-connection-with-his-empire-he-was-then-also-formally-crowned-king-of-burgundy-at-arles-on-30-june-1178-he-got-the-name-barbarossa-from-the-northern-italian-cities-he-attempted-to-rule-barbarossa-is-red-beard-in-italiana-mark-of-bo-image344257229.html
RM2B027H1–Frederick I Barbarossa (1122 – 10 June 1190) was a German Holy Roman Emperor. He was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned in Aachen on 9 March 1152. He became King of Italy in 1155 and was finally crowned Roman Emperor by Pope Adrian IV on 18 June 1155. Two years later, the term 'sacrum' (i.e. 'holy') first appeared in a document in connection with his Empire. He was then also formally crowned King of Burgundy at Arles on 30 June 1178. He got the name Barbarossa from the northern Italian cities he attempted to rule. Barbarossa is 'red beard' in Italian—a mark of bo
Rudolf II (1552-1612) was the eldest son and successor of Emperor Maximilian II, and spent eight formative years in the Spanish court of his maternal uncle Philip II, adopting a stiff and aloof manner typical of the more conservative Spanish nobility. He remained reserved and secretive for the rest of his life, less inclined to daily affairs of state and more interested in occult studies such as alchemy and astrology. Rudolf became King of Hungary and Croatia in 1572, and by the time of his father's death in 1576, had also inherited the Bohemian, German and Holy Roman crowns. Rudolf dangled h Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/rudolf-ii-1552-1612-was-the-eldest-son-and-successor-of-emperor-maximilian-ii-and-spent-eight-formative-years-in-the-spanish-court-of-his-maternal-uncle-philip-ii-adopting-a-stiff-and-aloof-manner-typical-of-the-more-conservative-spanish-nobility-he-remained-reserved-and-secretive-for-the-rest-of-his-life-less-inclined-to-daily-affairs-of-state-and-more-interested-in-occult-studies-such-as-alchemy-and-astrology-rudolf-became-king-of-hungary-and-croatia-in-1572-and-by-the-time-of-his-fathers-death-in-1576-had-also-inherited-the-bohemian-german-and-holy-roman-crowns-rudolf-dangled-h-image344279683.html
RM2B0386Y–Rudolf II (1552-1612) was the eldest son and successor of Emperor Maximilian II, and spent eight formative years in the Spanish court of his maternal uncle Philip II, adopting a stiff and aloof manner typical of the more conservative Spanish nobility. He remained reserved and secretive for the rest of his life, less inclined to daily affairs of state and more interested in occult studies such as alchemy and astrology. Rudolf became King of Hungary and Croatia in 1572, and by the time of his father's death in 1576, had also inherited the Bohemian, German and Holy Roman crowns. Rudolf dangled h
Rudolf II (1552-1612) was the eldest son and successor of Emperor Maximilian II, and spent eight formative years in the Spanish court of his maternal uncle Philip II, adopting a stiff and aloof manner typical of the more conservative Spanish nobility. He remained reserved and secretive for the rest of his life, less inclined to daily affairs of state and more interested in occult studies such as alchemy and astrology. Rudolf became King of Hungary and Croatia in 1572, and by the time of his father's death in 1576, had also inherited the Bohemian, German and Holy Roman crowns. Rudolf dangled h Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/rudolf-ii-1552-1612-was-the-eldest-son-and-successor-of-emperor-maximilian-ii-and-spent-eight-formative-years-in-the-spanish-court-of-his-maternal-uncle-philip-ii-adopting-a-stiff-and-aloof-manner-typical-of-the-more-conservative-spanish-nobility-he-remained-reserved-and-secretive-for-the-rest-of-his-life-less-inclined-to-daily-affairs-of-state-and-more-interested-in-occult-studies-such-as-alchemy-and-astrology-rudolf-became-king-of-hungary-and-croatia-in-1572-and-by-the-time-of-his-fathers-death-in-1576-had-also-inherited-the-bohemian-german-and-holy-roman-crowns-rudolf-dangled-h-image344279685.html
RM2B03871–Rudolf II (1552-1612) was the eldest son and successor of Emperor Maximilian II, and spent eight formative years in the Spanish court of his maternal uncle Philip II, adopting a stiff and aloof manner typical of the more conservative Spanish nobility. He remained reserved and secretive for the rest of his life, less inclined to daily affairs of state and more interested in occult studies such as alchemy and astrology. Rudolf became King of Hungary and Croatia in 1572, and by the time of his father's death in 1576, had also inherited the Bohemian, German and Holy Roman crowns. Rudolf dangled h
Frederick III (1415-1493), also known as Frederick the Fat and Frederick the Peaceful, was the eldest son of the Inner Austrian duke Ernest the Iron, a member of the Habsburg dynasty. He became duke of Inner Austria in 1424 at the age of nine, but would not be awarded rule until 1435, with his younger brother Albert asserting his rights as co-ruler. By 1439, Frederick had become the undisputed head of the Habsburg dynasty. Frederick was the cousin of late King Albert II, and was elected as King of Germany in 1440. He travelled to Italy in 1452 to receive his bride and be crowned Holy Roman Em Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/frederick-iii-1415-1493-also-known-as-frederick-the-fat-and-frederick-the-peaceful-was-the-eldest-son-of-the-inner-austrian-duke-ernest-the-iron-a-member-of-the-habsburg-dynasty-he-became-duke-of-inner-austria-in-1424-at-the-age-of-nine-but-would-not-be-awarded-rule-until-1435-with-his-younger-brother-albert-asserting-his-rights-as-co-ruler-by-1439-frederick-had-become-the-undisputed-head-of-the-habsburg-dynasty-frederick-was-the-cousin-of-late-king-albert-ii-and-was-elected-as-king-of-germany-in-1440-he-travelled-to-italy-in-1452-to-receive-his-bride-and-be-crowned-holy-roman-em-image344279229.html
RM2B037JN–Frederick III (1415-1493), also known as Frederick the Fat and Frederick the Peaceful, was the eldest son of the Inner Austrian duke Ernest the Iron, a member of the Habsburg dynasty. He became duke of Inner Austria in 1424 at the age of nine, but would not be awarded rule until 1435, with his younger brother Albert asserting his rights as co-ruler. By 1439, Frederick had become the undisputed head of the Habsburg dynasty. Frederick was the cousin of late King Albert II, and was elected as King of Germany in 1440. He travelled to Italy in 1452 to receive his bride and be crowned Holy Roman Em
Rudolf II (1552-1612) was the eldest son and successor of Emperor Maximilian II. He became King of Hungary and Croatia in 1572, and by the time of his father's death in 1576, had also inherited the Bohemian, German and Holy Roman crowns. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/rudolf-ii-1552-1612-was-the-eldest-son-and-successor-of-emperor-maximilian-ii-he-became-king-of-hungary-and-croatia-in-1572-and-by-the-time-of-his-fathers-death-in-1576-had-also-inherited-the-bohemian-german-and-holy-roman-crowns-image344281850.html
RM2B03B0A–Rudolf II (1552-1612) was the eldest son and successor of Emperor Maximilian II. He became King of Hungary and Croatia in 1572, and by the time of his father's death in 1576, had also inherited the Bohemian, German and Holy Roman crowns.
Hungary/Netherlands: 'The Battle of Buda'. Oil on canvas painting by Frans Geffels (1625-1694), 17th century. The Battle of Buda (1686) was fought between the Holy League and Ottoman Turkey, as part of the follow-up campaign in Hungary after the Battle of Vienna. The Holy League took Buda after a long siege. After the unsuccessful second siege of Vienna by the Turks in 1683, which started the Great Turkish War, an imperial counteroffensive started for the re-conquest of Hungary, so that the Hungarian capital Buda could be freed from the Turks. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/hungarynetherlands-the-battle-of-buda-oil-on-canvas-painting-by-frans-geffels-1625-1694-17th-century-the-battle-of-buda-1686-was-fought-between-the-holy-league-and-ottoman-turkey-as-part-of-the-follow-up-campaign-in-hungary-after-the-battle-of-vienna-the-holy-league-took-buda-after-a-long-siege-after-the-unsuccessful-second-siege-of-vienna-by-the-turks-in-1683-which-started-the-great-turkish-war-an-imperial-counteroffensive-started-for-the-re-conquest-of-hungary-so-that-the-hungarian-capital-buda-could-be-freed-from-the-turks-image344245529.html
RM2B01MK5–Hungary/Netherlands: 'The Battle of Buda'. Oil on canvas painting by Frans Geffels (1625-1694), 17th century. The Battle of Buda (1686) was fought between the Holy League and Ottoman Turkey, as part of the follow-up campaign in Hungary after the Battle of Vienna. The Holy League took Buda after a long siege. After the unsuccessful second siege of Vienna by the Turks in 1683, which started the Great Turkish War, an imperial counteroffensive started for the re-conquest of Hungary, so that the Hungarian capital Buda could be freed from the Turks.
Theodosius II (401-450), also known as Theodosius the Younger and Theodosius the Calligrapher, was the son of Emperor Arcadius of the Eastern Roman Empire. He was proclaimed co-ruler and Augustus a year after his birth, becoming the youngest person to ever bear the title. He became emperor after his father's death in 408 CE, aged only seven. His older sister Pulcheria briefly assumed regency as Augusta until Theodosius was old enough in 416 CE. Theodosius was a devout Christian, waging wars against the Sassanids and others who persecuted Christianity. He also had to deal with the Huns under A Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/theodosius-ii-401-450-also-known-as-theodosius-the-younger-and-theodosius-the-calligrapher-was-the-son-of-emperor-arcadius-of-the-eastern-roman-empire-he-was-proclaimed-co-ruler-and-augustus-a-year-after-his-birth-becoming-the-youngest-person-to-ever-bear-the-title-he-became-emperor-after-his-fathers-death-in-408-ce-aged-only-seven-his-older-sister-pulcheria-briefly-assumed-regency-as-augusta-until-theodosius-was-old-enough-in-416-ce-theodosius-was-a-devout-christian-waging-wars-against-the-sassanids-and-others-who-persecuted-christianity-he-also-had-to-deal-with-the-huns-under-a-image344279198.html
RM2B037HJ–Theodosius II (401-450), also known as Theodosius the Younger and Theodosius the Calligrapher, was the son of Emperor Arcadius of the Eastern Roman Empire. He was proclaimed co-ruler and Augustus a year after his birth, becoming the youngest person to ever bear the title. He became emperor after his father's death in 408 CE, aged only seven. His older sister Pulcheria briefly assumed regency as Augusta until Theodosius was old enough in 416 CE. Theodosius was a devout Christian, waging wars against the Sassanids and others who persecuted Christianity. He also had to deal with the Huns under A
Rudolf II (1552-1612) was the eldest son and successor of Emperor Maximilian II. He became King of Hungary and Croatia in 1572, and by the time of his father's death in 1576, had also inherited the Bohemian, German and Holy Roman crowns. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/rudolf-ii-1552-1612-was-the-eldest-son-and-successor-of-emperor-maximilian-ii-he-became-king-of-hungary-and-croatia-in-1572-and-by-the-time-of-his-fathers-death-in-1576-had-also-inherited-the-bohemian-german-and-holy-roman-crowns-image344282289.html
RM2B03BG1–Rudolf II (1552-1612) was the eldest son and successor of Emperor Maximilian II. He became King of Hungary and Croatia in 1572, and by the time of his father's death in 1576, had also inherited the Bohemian, German and Holy Roman crowns.
Rudolf II (1552-1612) was the eldest son and successor of Emperor Maximilian II. He became King of Hungary and Croatia in 1572, and by the time of his father's death in 1576, had also inherited the Bohemian, German and Holy Roman crowns. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/rudolf-ii-1552-1612-was-the-eldest-son-and-successor-of-emperor-maximilian-ii-he-became-king-of-hungary-and-croatia-in-1572-and-by-the-time-of-his-fathers-death-in-1576-had-also-inherited-the-bohemian-german-and-holy-roman-crowns-image344282290.html
RM2B03BG2–Rudolf II (1552-1612) was the eldest son and successor of Emperor Maximilian II. He became King of Hungary and Croatia in 1572, and by the time of his father's death in 1576, had also inherited the Bohemian, German and Holy Roman crowns.
Nestorius developed his Christological views as an attempt to rationally explain and understand the incarnation of the divine Logos, the Second Person of the Holy Trinity as the man Jesus Christ. He had studied at the School of Antioch where his mentor had been Theodore of Mopsuestia; Theodore and other Antioch theologians had long taught a literalist interpretation of the Bible and stressed the distinctiveness of the human and divine natures of Jesus. Nestorius took his Antiochene leanings with him when he was appointed Patriarch of Constantinople by Eastern Roman Emperor Theodosius II in 428 Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/nestorius-developed-his-christological-views-as-an-attempt-to-rationally-explain-and-understand-the-incarnation-of-the-divine-logos-the-second-person-of-the-holy-trinity-as-the-man-jesus-christ-he-had-studied-at-the-school-of-antioch-where-his-mentor-had-been-theodore-of-mopsuestia-theodore-and-other-antioch-theologians-had-long-taught-a-literalist-interpretation-of-the-bible-and-stressed-the-distinctiveness-of-the-human-and-divine-natures-of-jesus-nestorius-took-his-antiochene-leanings-with-him-when-he-was-appointed-patriarch-of-constantinople-by-eastern-roman-emperor-theodosius-ii-in-428-image344276910.html
RM2B034KX–Nestorius developed his Christological views as an attempt to rationally explain and understand the incarnation of the divine Logos, the Second Person of the Holy Trinity as the man Jesus Christ. He had studied at the School of Antioch where his mentor had been Theodore of Mopsuestia; Theodore and other Antioch theologians had long taught a literalist interpretation of the Bible and stressed the distinctiveness of the human and divine natures of Jesus. Nestorius took his Antiochene leanings with him when he was appointed Patriarch of Constantinople by Eastern Roman Emperor Theodosius II in 428
Maximilian I (1459-1519) was the son of Emperor Frederick III, and was married to Mary of Burgundy in 1477, daughter of Duke Charles the Bold, ruling the substantial Burgundian domains through his wife and their children when she died in 1482. He was elected King of Germany in 1486 at his father's initiative, ruling together until his father's death in 1493. Maximilian then became sole ruler and was crowned Holy Roman emperor. Maximilian's first actions were to reconquer large swathes of Austria that had been occupied by Hungary. He fought during the Italian Wars, joining the Holy League agai Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/maximilian-i-1459-1519-was-the-son-of-emperor-frederick-iii-and-was-married-to-mary-of-burgundy-in-1477-daughter-of-duke-charles-the-bold-ruling-the-substantial-burgundian-domains-through-his-wife-and-their-children-when-she-died-in-1482-he-was-elected-king-of-germany-in-1486-at-his-fathers-initiative-ruling-together-until-his-fathers-death-in-1493-maximilian-then-became-sole-ruler-and-was-crowned-holy-roman-emperor-maximilians-first-actions-were-to-reconquer-large-swathes-of-austria-that-had-been-occupied-by-hungary-he-fought-during-the-italian-wars-joining-the-holy-league-agai-image344279201.html
RM2B037HN–Maximilian I (1459-1519) was the son of Emperor Frederick III, and was married to Mary of Burgundy in 1477, daughter of Duke Charles the Bold, ruling the substantial Burgundian domains through his wife and their children when she died in 1482. He was elected King of Germany in 1486 at his father's initiative, ruling together until his father's death in 1493. Maximilian then became sole ruler and was crowned Holy Roman emperor. Maximilian's first actions were to reconquer large swathes of Austria that had been occupied by Hungary. He fought during the Italian Wars, joining the Holy League agai
Maximilian I (1459-1519) was the son of Emperor Frederick III, and was married to Mary of Burgundy in 1477, daughter of Duke Charles the Bold, ruling the substantial Burgundian domains through his wife and their children when she died in 1482. He was elected King of Germany in 1486 at his father's initiative, ruling together until his father's death in 1493. Maximilian then became sole ruler and was crowned Holy Roman emperor. Maximilian's first actions were to reconquer large swathes of Austria that had been occupied by Hungary. He fought during the Italian Wars, joining the Holy League agai Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/maximilian-i-1459-1519-was-the-son-of-emperor-frederick-iii-and-was-married-to-mary-of-burgundy-in-1477-daughter-of-duke-charles-the-bold-ruling-the-substantial-burgundian-domains-through-his-wife-and-their-children-when-she-died-in-1482-he-was-elected-king-of-germany-in-1486-at-his-fathers-initiative-ruling-together-until-his-fathers-death-in-1493-maximilian-then-became-sole-ruler-and-was-crowned-holy-roman-emperor-maximilians-first-actions-were-to-reconquer-large-swathes-of-austria-that-had-been-occupied-by-hungary-he-fought-during-the-italian-wars-joining-the-holy-league-agai-image344279200.html
RM2B037HM–Maximilian I (1459-1519) was the son of Emperor Frederick III, and was married to Mary of Burgundy in 1477, daughter of Duke Charles the Bold, ruling the substantial Burgundian domains through his wife and their children when she died in 1482. He was elected King of Germany in 1486 at his father's initiative, ruling together until his father's death in 1493. Maximilian then became sole ruler and was crowned Holy Roman emperor. Maximilian's first actions were to reconquer large swathes of Austria that had been occupied by Hungary. He fought during the Italian Wars, joining the Holy League agai
Germany: Seven angels with seven trumpets (above) and an angel with a censer (below). Miniature painting from the Bamberg Apocalypse, Reichenau, 1000-1020 CE. The Bamberg Apocalypse is an 11th century richly illuminated manuscript containing the Book of Revelation and a Gospel Lectionary. It was created in the scriptorium at Reichenau and is closely related to other Reichenau manuscripts including the Pericopes of Henry II and the Munich Gospels of Otto III. It was commissioned by Holy Roman Emperor Otto III, but the manuscript was unfinished at the time of Otto's death. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/germany-seven-angels-with-seven-trumpets-above-and-an-angel-with-a-censer-below-miniature-painting-from-the-bamberg-apocalypse-reichenau-1000-1020-ce-the-bamberg-apocalypse-is-an-11th-century-richly-illuminated-manuscript-containing-the-book-of-revelation-and-a-gospel-lectionary-it-was-created-in-the-scriptorium-at-reichenau-and-is-closely-related-to-other-reichenau-manuscripts-including-the-pericopes-of-henry-ii-and-the-munich-gospels-of-otto-iii-it-was-commissioned-by-holy-roman-emperor-otto-iii-but-the-manuscript-was-unfinished-at-the-time-of-ottos-death-image344249929.html
RM2B01X89–Germany: Seven angels with seven trumpets (above) and an angel with a censer (below). Miniature painting from the Bamberg Apocalypse, Reichenau, 1000-1020 CE. The Bamberg Apocalypse is an 11th century richly illuminated manuscript containing the Book of Revelation and a Gospel Lectionary. It was created in the scriptorium at Reichenau and is closely related to other Reichenau manuscripts including the Pericopes of Henry II and the Munich Gospels of Otto III. It was commissioned by Holy Roman Emperor Otto III, but the manuscript was unfinished at the time of Otto's death.
Otto II (955-983), also known as Otto the Red, was the youngest and sole surviving son of Emperor Otto the Great. He was made co-ruler of Germany in 961, and later named co-emperor in 967. His father arranged for him to marry the Byzantine Princess Theophanu, to engender better relations with the Byzantine Empire. After his father died in 973, Otto became Holy Roman Emperor in a peaceful succession. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/otto-ii-955-983-also-known-as-otto-the-red-was-the-youngest-and-sole-surviving-son-of-emperor-otto-the-great-he-was-made-co-ruler-of-germany-in-961-and-later-named-co-emperor-in-967-his-father-arranged-for-him-to-marry-the-byzantine-princess-theophanu-to-engender-better-relations-with-the-byzantine-empire-after-his-father-died-in-973-otto-became-holy-roman-emperor-in-a-peaceful-succession-image344281995.html
RM2B03B5F–Otto II (955-983), also known as Otto the Red, was the youngest and sole surviving son of Emperor Otto the Great. He was made co-ruler of Germany in 961, and later named co-emperor in 967. His father arranged for him to marry the Byzantine Princess Theophanu, to engender better relations with the Byzantine Empire. After his father died in 973, Otto became Holy Roman Emperor in a peaceful succession.
Charles III (839-888), more commonly known as Charles the Fat, was the youngest son of Louis the German, King of East Francia, and great-grandson of Emperor Charlemagne. Following the division of East Francia among Louis' sons, Charles inherited Alamannia in 876, but soon inherited the Kingdom of Italy in 876 after his older brother Carloman of Bavaria abdicated. Charles was eventually crowned as Holy Roman emperor in 881, and succeeded his brother Louis the Younger as king of Saxony and Bavaria a year later, reuniting the Kingdom of East Francia. He was forced to deal with the Great Heathen Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/charles-iii-839-888-more-commonly-known-as-charles-the-fat-was-the-youngest-son-of-louis-the-german-king-of-east-francia-and-great-grandson-of-emperor-charlemagne-following-the-division-of-east-francia-among-louis-sons-charles-inherited-alamannia-in-876-but-soon-inherited-the-kingdom-of-italy-in-876-after-his-older-brother-carloman-of-bavaria-abdicated-charles-was-eventually-crowned-as-holy-roman-emperor-in-881-and-succeeded-his-brother-louis-the-younger-as-king-of-saxony-and-bavaria-a-year-later-reuniting-the-kingdom-of-east-francia-he-was-forced-to-deal-with-the-great-heathen-image344280542.html
RM2B0399J–Charles III (839-888), more commonly known as Charles the Fat, was the youngest son of Louis the German, King of East Francia, and great-grandson of Emperor Charlemagne. Following the division of East Francia among Louis' sons, Charles inherited Alamannia in 876, but soon inherited the Kingdom of Italy in 876 after his older brother Carloman of Bavaria abdicated. Charles was eventually crowned as Holy Roman emperor in 881, and succeeded his brother Louis the Younger as king of Saxony and Bavaria a year later, reuniting the Kingdom of East Francia. He was forced to deal with the Great Heathen
Charles III (839-888), more commonly known as Charles the Fat, was the youngest son of Louis the German, King of East Francia, and great-grandson of Emperor Charlemagne. Following the division of East Francia among Louis' sons, Charles inherited Alamannia in 876, but soon inherited the Kingdom of Italy in 876 after his older brother Carloman of Bavaria abdicated. Charles was eventually crowned as Holy Roman emperor in 881, and succeeded his brother Louis the Younger as king of Saxony and Bavaria a year later, reuniting the Kingdom of East Francia. He was forced to deal with the Great Heathen Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/charles-iii-839-888-more-commonly-known-as-charles-the-fat-was-the-youngest-son-of-louis-the-german-king-of-east-francia-and-great-grandson-of-emperor-charlemagne-following-the-division-of-east-francia-among-louis-sons-charles-inherited-alamannia-in-876-but-soon-inherited-the-kingdom-of-italy-in-876-after-his-older-brother-carloman-of-bavaria-abdicated-charles-was-eventually-crowned-as-holy-roman-emperor-in-881-and-succeeded-his-brother-louis-the-younger-as-king-of-saxony-and-bavaria-a-year-later-reuniting-the-kingdom-of-east-francia-he-was-forced-to-deal-with-the-great-heathen-image344280538.html
RM2B0399E–Charles III (839-888), more commonly known as Charles the Fat, was the youngest son of Louis the German, King of East Francia, and great-grandson of Emperor Charlemagne. Following the division of East Francia among Louis' sons, Charles inherited Alamannia in 876, but soon inherited the Kingdom of Italy in 876 after his older brother Carloman of Bavaria abdicated. Charles was eventually crowned as Holy Roman emperor in 881, and succeeded his brother Louis the Younger as king of Saxony and Bavaria a year later, reuniting the Kingdom of East Francia. He was forced to deal with the Great Heathen
Germany: 'Emperor Leopold's Wedding with Margaret Theresa of Spain, 1666/1667', copper engraving, c. 1660s. Leopold I (1640-1705) was the second son of Emperor Ferdinand III, and became heir apparent after the death of his older brother, Ferdinand IV. He was elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1658 after his father's death, and by then had also already become Archduke of Austria and claimed the crowns of Germany, Croatia, Bohemia and Hungary. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/germany-emperor-leopolds-wedding-with-margaret-theresa-of-spain-16661667-copper-engraving-c-1660s-leopold-i-1640-1705-was-the-second-son-of-emperor-ferdinand-iii-and-became-heir-apparent-after-the-death-of-his-older-brother-ferdinand-iv-he-was-elected-holy-roman-emperor-in-1658-after-his-fathers-death-and-by-then-had-also-already-become-archduke-of-austria-and-claimed-the-crowns-of-germany-croatia-bohemia-and-hungary-image436523434.html
RM2GA5A2J–Germany: 'Emperor Leopold's Wedding with Margaret Theresa of Spain, 1666/1667', copper engraving, c. 1660s. Leopold I (1640-1705) was the second son of Emperor Ferdinand III, and became heir apparent after the death of his older brother, Ferdinand IV. He was elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1658 after his father's death, and by then had also already become Archduke of Austria and claimed the crowns of Germany, Croatia, Bohemia and Hungary.
Germany: 'Court Performance and Festive Parade in Honour of the Wedding of Emperor Leopold I with Margaret Theresa of Spain in December 1666', illustration by Francesco Sbarra (1611-1668), c. 1667, Florence. Leopold I (1640-1705) was the second son of Emperor Ferdinand III, and became heir apparent after the death of his older brother, Ferdinand IV. He was elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1658 after his father's death, and by then had also already become Archduke of Austria and claimed the crowns of Germany, Croatia, Bohemia and Hungary. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/germany-court-performance-and-festive-parade-in-honour-of-the-wedding-of-emperor-leopold-i-with-margaret-theresa-of-spain-in-december-1666-illustration-by-francesco-sbarra-1611-1668-c-1667-florence-leopold-i-1640-1705-was-the-second-son-of-emperor-ferdinand-iii-and-became-heir-apparent-after-the-death-of-his-older-brother-ferdinand-iv-he-was-elected-holy-roman-emperor-in-1658-after-his-fathers-death-and-by-then-had-also-already-become-archduke-of-austria-and-claimed-the-crowns-of-germany-croatia-bohemia-and-hungary-image436524216.html
RM2GA5B2G–Germany: 'Court Performance and Festive Parade in Honour of the Wedding of Emperor Leopold I with Margaret Theresa of Spain in December 1666', illustration by Francesco Sbarra (1611-1668), c. 1667, Florence. Leopold I (1640-1705) was the second son of Emperor Ferdinand III, and became heir apparent after the death of his older brother, Ferdinand IV. He was elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1658 after his father's death, and by then had also already become Archduke of Austria and claimed the crowns of Germany, Croatia, Bohemia and Hungary.
Germany: 'Emperor Leopold's Wedding with Claudia Felicitas of Austria, Graz, 15 October 1673', copper engraving by Cornelis Meyssens and Johann Martin Lerch (1643-1693), c. 1673. Leopold I (1640-1705) was the second son of Emperor Ferdinand III, and became heir apparent after the death of his older brother, Ferdinand IV. He was elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1658 after his father's death, and by then had also already become Archduke of Austria and claimed the crowns of Germany, Croatia, Bohemia and Hungary. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/germany-emperor-leopolds-wedding-with-claudia-felicitas-of-austria-graz-15-october-1673-copper-engraving-by-cornelis-meyssens-and-johann-martin-lerch-1643-1693-c-1673-leopold-i-1640-1705-was-the-second-son-of-emperor-ferdinand-iii-and-became-heir-apparent-after-the-death-of-his-older-brother-ferdinand-iv-he-was-elected-holy-roman-emperor-in-1658-after-his-fathers-death-and-by-then-had-also-already-become-archduke-of-austria-and-claimed-the-crowns-of-germany-croatia-bohemia-and-hungary-image436523576.html
RM2GA5A7M–Germany: 'Emperor Leopold's Wedding with Claudia Felicitas of Austria, Graz, 15 October 1673', copper engraving by Cornelis Meyssens and Johann Martin Lerch (1643-1693), c. 1673. Leopold I (1640-1705) was the second son of Emperor Ferdinand III, and became heir apparent after the death of his older brother, Ferdinand IV. He was elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1658 after his father's death, and by then had also already become Archduke of Austria and claimed the crowns of Germany, Croatia, Bohemia and Hungary.
Germany: 'Entry of Emperor Leopold I, his Wife Eleonore Magdalene and King Joseph I to the Augsburg Cathedral', copper engraving, c. 1689. Leopold I (1640-1705) was the second son of Emperor Ferdinand III, and became heir apparent after the death of his older brother, Ferdinand IV. He was elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1658 after his father's death, and by then had also already become Archduke of Austria and claimed the crowns of Germany, Croatia, Bohemia and Hungary. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/germany-entry-of-emperor-leopold-i-his-wife-eleonore-magdalene-and-king-joseph-i-to-the-augsburg-cathedral-copper-engraving-c-1689-leopold-i-1640-1705-was-the-second-son-of-emperor-ferdinand-iii-and-became-heir-apparent-after-the-death-of-his-older-brother-ferdinand-iv-he-was-elected-holy-roman-emperor-in-1658-after-his-fathers-death-and-by-then-had-also-already-become-archduke-of-austria-and-claimed-the-crowns-of-germany-croatia-bohemia-and-hungary-image436523653.html
RM2GA5AAD–Germany: 'Entry of Emperor Leopold I, his Wife Eleonore Magdalene and King Joseph I to the Augsburg Cathedral', copper engraving, c. 1689. Leopold I (1640-1705) was the second son of Emperor Ferdinand III, and became heir apparent after the death of his older brother, Ferdinand IV. He was elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1658 after his father's death, and by then had also already become Archduke of Austria and claimed the crowns of Germany, Croatia, Bohemia and Hungary.
Germany: Portrait medallions of Leopold I (1640-1705), 37th Holy Roman emperor, his wife Eleonore Magdalene and his son King Joseph I, over a view of Augsburg. Copper engraving, c. 1689. Leopold I was the second son of Emperor Ferdinand III, and became heir apparent after the death of his older brother, Ferdinand IV. He was elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1658 after his father's death, and by then had also already become Archduke of Austria and claimed the crowns of Germany, Croatia, Bohemia and Hungary. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/germany-portrait-medallions-of-leopold-i-1640-1705-37th-holy-roman-emperor-his-wife-eleonore-magdalene-and-his-son-king-joseph-i-over-a-view-of-augsburg-copper-engraving-c-1689-leopold-i-was-the-second-son-of-emperor-ferdinand-iii-and-became-heir-apparent-after-the-death-of-his-older-brother-ferdinand-iv-he-was-elected-holy-roman-emperor-in-1658-after-his-fathers-death-and-by-then-had-also-already-become-archduke-of-austria-and-claimed-the-crowns-of-germany-croatia-bohemia-and-hungary-image436523811.html
RM2GA5AG3–Germany: Portrait medallions of Leopold I (1640-1705), 37th Holy Roman emperor, his wife Eleonore Magdalene and his son King Joseph I, over a view of Augsburg. Copper engraving, c. 1689. Leopold I was the second son of Emperor Ferdinand III, and became heir apparent after the death of his older brother, Ferdinand IV. He was elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1658 after his father's death, and by then had also already become Archduke of Austria and claimed the crowns of Germany, Croatia, Bohemia and Hungary.
Otto III (980-1002) was the only son of Emperor Otto II and Empress Theophanu. Otto became King of Germany at the age of three in 983, after his father's death, but his young age meant that various regents ruled in his name. Initially his mother, Empress Theophanu served as regent for her son until her death in 991. His grandmother, Dowager Empress Adelaide of Italy served as regent until 994, when Otto was finally eligible to rule. In 996, Otto marched to Italy and claimed the titles of Holy Roman Emperor and King of Italy for himself, as well as to reestablish Imperial control over the city Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/otto-iii-980-1002-was-the-only-son-of-emperor-otto-ii-and-empress-theophanu-otto-became-king-of-germany-at-the-age-of-three-in-983-after-his-fathers-death-but-his-young-age-meant-that-various-regents-ruled-in-his-name-initially-his-mother-empress-theophanu-served-as-regent-for-her-son-until-her-death-in-991-his-grandmother-dowager-empress-adelaide-of-italy-served-as-regent-until-994-when-otto-was-finally-eligible-to-rule-in-996-otto-marched-to-italy-and-claimed-the-titles-of-holy-roman-emperor-and-king-of-italy-for-himself-as-well-as-to-reestablish-imperial-control-over-the-city-image344279225.html
RM2B037JH–Otto III (980-1002) was the only son of Emperor Otto II and Empress Theophanu. Otto became King of Germany at the age of three in 983, after his father's death, but his young age meant that various regents ruled in his name. Initially his mother, Empress Theophanu served as regent for her son until her death in 991. His grandmother, Dowager Empress Adelaide of Italy served as regent until 994, when Otto was finally eligible to rule. In 996, Otto marched to Italy and claimed the titles of Holy Roman Emperor and King of Italy for himself, as well as to reestablish Imperial control over the city
Leopold I (1640-1705) was the second son of Emperor Ferdinand III, and became heir apparent after the death of his older brother, Ferdinand IV. He was elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1658 after his father's death, and by then had also already become Archduke of Austria and claimed the crowns of Germany, Croatia, Bohemia and Hungary. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/leopold-i-1640-1705-was-the-second-son-of-emperor-ferdinand-iii-and-became-heir-apparent-after-the-death-of-his-older-brother-ferdinand-iv-he-was-elected-holy-roman-emperor-in-1658-after-his-fathers-death-and-by-then-had-also-already-become-archduke-of-austria-and-claimed-the-crowns-of-germany-croatia-bohemia-and-hungary-image344280998.html
RM2B039WX–Leopold I (1640-1705) was the second son of Emperor Ferdinand III, and became heir apparent after the death of his older brother, Ferdinand IV. He was elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1658 after his father's death, and by then had also already become Archduke of Austria and claimed the crowns of Germany, Croatia, Bohemia and Hungary.
Leopold I (1640-1705) was the second son of Emperor Ferdinand III, and became heir apparent after the death of his older brother, Ferdinand IV. He was elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1658 after his father's death, and by then had also already become Archduke of Austria and claimed the crowns of Germany, Croatia, Bohemia and Hungary. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/leopold-i-1640-1705-was-the-second-son-of-emperor-ferdinand-iii-and-became-heir-apparent-after-the-death-of-his-older-brother-ferdinand-iv-he-was-elected-holy-roman-emperor-in-1658-after-his-fathers-death-and-by-then-had-also-already-become-archduke-of-austria-and-claimed-the-crowns-of-germany-croatia-bohemia-and-hungary-image344280996.html
RM2B039WT–Leopold I (1640-1705) was the second son of Emperor Ferdinand III, and became heir apparent after the death of his older brother, Ferdinand IV. He was elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1658 after his father's death, and by then had also already become Archduke of Austria and claimed the crowns of Germany, Croatia, Bohemia and Hungary.
Leopold I (1640-1705) was the second son of Emperor Ferdinand III, and became heir apparent after the death of his older brother, Ferdinand IV. He was elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1658 after his father's death, and by then had also already become Archduke of Austria and claimed the crowns of Germany, Croatia, Bohemia and Hungary. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/leopold-i-1640-1705-was-the-second-son-of-emperor-ferdinand-iii-and-became-heir-apparent-after-the-death-of-his-older-brother-ferdinand-iv-he-was-elected-holy-roman-emperor-in-1658-after-his-fathers-death-and-by-then-had-also-already-become-archduke-of-austria-and-claimed-the-crowns-of-germany-croatia-bohemia-and-hungary-image344280993.html
RM2B039WN–Leopold I (1640-1705) was the second son of Emperor Ferdinand III, and became heir apparent after the death of his older brother, Ferdinand IV. He was elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1658 after his father's death, and by then had also already become Archduke of Austria and claimed the crowns of Germany, Croatia, Bohemia and Hungary.
Ferdinand II (1578-1637) was the son of Charles II, Archduke of Austria, and grandson of Emperor Ferdinand I. Ferdinand was part of a Catholic faction opposed to his cousin, Emperor Matthias, who was more tolerant to Protestantism. He became King of Bohemia in 1617, King of Hungary in 1618, and ascended to Holy Roman Emperor in 1619 after his cousin's death. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/ferdinand-ii-1578-1637-was-the-son-of-charles-ii-archduke-of-austria-and-grandson-of-emperor-ferdinand-i-ferdinand-was-part-of-a-catholic-faction-opposed-to-his-cousin-emperor-matthias-who-was-more-tolerant-to-protestantism-he-became-king-of-bohemia-in-1617-king-of-hungary-in-1618-and-ascended-to-holy-roman-emperor-in-1619-after-his-cousins-death-image344282098.html
RM2B03B96–Ferdinand II (1578-1637) was the son of Charles II, Archduke of Austria, and grandson of Emperor Ferdinand I. Ferdinand was part of a Catholic faction opposed to his cousin, Emperor Matthias, who was more tolerant to Protestantism. He became King of Bohemia in 1617, King of Hungary in 1618, and ascended to Holy Roman Emperor in 1619 after his cousin's death.
Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519), the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans (also known as King of the Germans) from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky. He had ruled jointly with his father for the last ten years of his father's reign, from c. 1483. He expanded the influence of the House of Habsburg through war and his marriage in 1477 to Mary of Burgundy, the heiress to the Duchy of Burgundy, but he also lost the Aus Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/maximilian-i-22-march-1459-12-january-1519-the-son-of-frederick-iii-holy-roman-emperor-and-eleanor-of-portugal-was-king-of-the-romans-also-known-as-king-of-the-germans-from-1486-and-holy-roman-emperor-from-1508-until-his-death-though-he-was-never-in-fact-crowned-by-the-pope-the-journey-to-rome-always-being-too-risky-he-had-ruled-jointly-with-his-father-for-the-last-ten-years-of-his-fathers-reign-from-c-1483-he-expanded-the-influence-of-the-house-of-habsburg-through-war-and-his-marriage-in-1477-to-mary-of-burgundy-the-heiress-to-the-duchy-of-burgundy-but-he-also-lost-the-aus-image344280775.html
RM2B039HY–Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519), the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans (also known as King of the Germans) from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky. He had ruled jointly with his father for the last ten years of his father's reign, from c. 1483. He expanded the influence of the House of Habsburg through war and his marriage in 1477 to Mary of Burgundy, the heiress to the Duchy of Burgundy, but he also lost the Aus
Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519), the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans (also known as King of the Germans) from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky. He had ruled jointly with his father for the last ten years of his father's reign, from c. 1483. He expanded the influence of the House of Habsburg through war and his marriage in 1477 to Mary of Burgundy, the heiress to the Duchy of Burgundy, but he also lost the Aus Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/maximilian-i-22-march-1459-12-january-1519-the-son-of-frederick-iii-holy-roman-emperor-and-eleanor-of-portugal-was-king-of-the-romans-also-known-as-king-of-the-germans-from-1486-and-holy-roman-emperor-from-1508-until-his-death-though-he-was-never-in-fact-crowned-by-the-pope-the-journey-to-rome-always-being-too-risky-he-had-ruled-jointly-with-his-father-for-the-last-ten-years-of-his-fathers-reign-from-c-1483-he-expanded-the-influence-of-the-house-of-habsburg-through-war-and-his-marriage-in-1477-to-mary-of-burgundy-the-heiress-to-the-duchy-of-burgundy-but-he-also-lost-the-aus-image344280718.html
RM2B039FX–Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519), the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans (also known as King of the Germans) from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky. He had ruled jointly with his father for the last ten years of his father's reign, from c. 1483. He expanded the influence of the House of Habsburg through war and his marriage in 1477 to Mary of Burgundy, the heiress to the Duchy of Burgundy, but he also lost the Aus
Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519), the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans (also known as King of the Germans) from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky. He had ruled jointly with his father for the last ten years of his father's reign, from c. 1483. He expanded the influence of the House of Habsburg through war and his marriage in 1477 to Mary of Burgundy, the heiress to the Duchy of Burgundy, but he also lost the Aus Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/maximilian-i-22-march-1459-12-january-1519-the-son-of-frederick-iii-holy-roman-emperor-and-eleanor-of-portugal-was-king-of-the-romans-also-known-as-king-of-the-germans-from-1486-and-holy-roman-emperor-from-1508-until-his-death-though-he-was-never-in-fact-crowned-by-the-pope-the-journey-to-rome-always-being-too-risky-he-had-ruled-jointly-with-his-father-for-the-last-ten-years-of-his-fathers-reign-from-c-1483-he-expanded-the-influence-of-the-house-of-habsburg-through-war-and-his-marriage-in-1477-to-mary-of-burgundy-the-heiress-to-the-duchy-of-burgundy-but-he-also-lost-the-aus-image344280701.html
RM2B039F9–Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519), the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans (also known as King of the Germans) from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky. He had ruled jointly with his father for the last ten years of his father's reign, from c. 1483. He expanded the influence of the House of Habsburg through war and his marriage in 1477 to Mary of Burgundy, the heiress to the Duchy of Burgundy, but he also lost the Aus
Germany: Copper engraving of Leopold I (1640-1705), 37th Holy Roman emperor, by Nicolas II de Larmessin (1632-1694), c. 1690. Leopold I was the second son of Emperor Ferdinand III, and became heir apparent after the death of his older brother, Ferdinand IV. He was elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1658 after his father's death, and by then had also already become Archduke of Austria and claimed the crowns of Germany, Croatia, Bohemia and Hungary. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/germany-copper-engraving-of-leopold-i-1640-1705-37th-holy-roman-emperor-by-nicolas-ii-de-larmessin-1632-1694-c-1690-leopold-i-was-the-second-son-of-emperor-ferdinand-iii-and-became-heir-apparent-after-the-death-of-his-older-brother-ferdinand-iv-he-was-elected-holy-roman-emperor-in-1658-after-his-fathers-death-and-by-then-had-also-already-become-archduke-of-austria-and-claimed-the-crowns-of-germany-croatia-bohemia-and-hungary-image436523833.html
RM2GA5AGW–Germany: Copper engraving of Leopold I (1640-1705), 37th Holy Roman emperor, by Nicolas II de Larmessin (1632-1694), c. 1690. Leopold I was the second son of Emperor Ferdinand III, and became heir apparent after the death of his older brother, Ferdinand IV. He was elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1658 after his father's death, and by then had also already become Archduke of Austria and claimed the crowns of Germany, Croatia, Bohemia and Hungary.
Frederick I (1122-1190), also known as Frederick Barbarossa, was the nephew of German king Conrad III, and became Duke of Swabia in 1147. When Conrad died in 1152, he named Frederick as his successor on his deathbed, rather than his own son, Frederick IV of Swabia. He was later crowned King of Italy and Holy Roman emperor in 1155, as well as being proclaimed King of Burgundy in 1178. Frederick was given the name Barbarossa ('red beard') by the northern Italian cities he attempted to conquer, waging six campaigns in all to subsume Italy, struggling constantly with the various popes and interfe Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/frederick-i-1122-1190-also-known-as-frederick-barbarossa-was-the-nephew-of-german-king-conrad-iii-and-became-duke-of-swabia-in-1147-when-conrad-died-in-1152-he-named-frederick-as-his-successor-on-his-deathbed-rather-than-his-own-son-frederick-iv-of-swabia-he-was-later-crowned-king-of-italy-and-holy-roman-emperor-in-1155-as-well-as-being-proclaimed-king-of-burgundy-in-1178-frederick-was-given-the-name-barbarossa-red-beard-by-the-northern-italian-cities-he-attempted-to-conquer-waging-six-campaigns-in-all-to-subsume-italy-struggling-constantly-with-the-various-popes-and-interfe-image344281062.html
RM2B03A06–Frederick I (1122-1190), also known as Frederick Barbarossa, was the nephew of German king Conrad III, and became Duke of Swabia in 1147. When Conrad died in 1152, he named Frederick as his successor on his deathbed, rather than his own son, Frederick IV of Swabia. He was later crowned King of Italy and Holy Roman emperor in 1155, as well as being proclaimed King of Burgundy in 1178. Frederick was given the name Barbarossa ('red beard') by the northern Italian cities he attempted to conquer, waging six campaigns in all to subsume Italy, struggling constantly with the various popes and interfe
Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519), the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans (also known as King of the Germans) from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky. He had ruled jointly with his father for the last ten years of his father's reign, from c. 1483. He expanded the influence of the House of Habsburg through war and his marriage in 1477 to Mary of Burgundy, the heiress to the Duchy of Burgundy, but he also lost the Aus Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/maximilian-i-22-march-1459-12-january-1519-the-son-of-frederick-iii-holy-roman-emperor-and-eleanor-of-portugal-was-king-of-the-romans-also-known-as-king-of-the-germans-from-1486-and-holy-roman-emperor-from-1508-until-his-death-though-he-was-never-in-fact-crowned-by-the-pope-the-journey-to-rome-always-being-too-risky-he-had-ruled-jointly-with-his-father-for-the-last-ten-years-of-his-fathers-reign-from-c-1483-he-expanded-the-influence-of-the-house-of-habsburg-through-war-and-his-marriage-in-1477-to-mary-of-burgundy-the-heiress-to-the-duchy-of-burgundy-but-he-also-lost-the-aus-image344280699.html
RM2B039F7–Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519), the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans (also known as King of the Germans) from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky. He had ruled jointly with his father for the last ten years of his father's reign, from c. 1483. He expanded the influence of the House of Habsburg through war and his marriage in 1477 to Mary of Burgundy, the heiress to the Duchy of Burgundy, but he also lost the Aus
Frederick I (1122-1190), also known as Frederick Barbarossa, was the nephew of German king Conrad III, and became Duke of Swabia in 1147. When Conrad died in 1152, he named Frederick as his successor on his deathbed, rather than his own son, Frederick IV of Swabia. He was later crowned King of Italy and Holy Roman emperor in 1155, as well as being proclaimed King of Burgundy in 1178. Frederick was given the name Barbarossa ('red beard') by the northern Italian cities he attempted to conquer, waging six campaigns in all to subsume Italy, struggling constantly with the various popes and interfe Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/frederick-i-1122-1190-also-known-as-frederick-barbarossa-was-the-nephew-of-german-king-conrad-iii-and-became-duke-of-swabia-in-1147-when-conrad-died-in-1152-he-named-frederick-as-his-successor-on-his-deathbed-rather-than-his-own-son-frederick-iv-of-swabia-he-was-later-crowned-king-of-italy-and-holy-roman-emperor-in-1155-as-well-as-being-proclaimed-king-of-burgundy-in-1178-frederick-was-given-the-name-barbarossa-red-beard-by-the-northern-italian-cities-he-attempted-to-conquer-waging-six-campaigns-in-all-to-subsume-italy-struggling-constantly-with-the-various-popes-and-interfe-image344281039.html
RM2B039YB–Frederick I (1122-1190), also known as Frederick Barbarossa, was the nephew of German king Conrad III, and became Duke of Swabia in 1147. When Conrad died in 1152, he named Frederick as his successor on his deathbed, rather than his own son, Frederick IV of Swabia. He was later crowned King of Italy and Holy Roman emperor in 1155, as well as being proclaimed King of Burgundy in 1178. Frederick was given the name Barbarossa ('red beard') by the northern Italian cities he attempted to conquer, waging six campaigns in all to subsume Italy, struggling constantly with the various popes and interfe
Frederick III (1415-1493), also known as Frederick the Fat and Frederick the Peaceful, was the eldest son of the Inner Austrian duke Ernest the Iron, a member of the Habsburg dynasty. He became duke of Inner Austria in 1424 at the age of nine, but would not be awarded rule until 1435, with his younger brother Albert asserting his rights as co-ruler. By 1439, Frederick had become the undisputed head of the Habsburg dynasty. Frederick was the cousin of late King Albert II, and was elected as King of Germany in 1440. He travelled to Italy in 1452 to be crowned Holy Roman Emperor. He was unsucces Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/frederick-iii-1415-1493-also-known-as-frederick-the-fat-and-frederick-the-peaceful-was-the-eldest-son-of-the-inner-austrian-duke-ernest-the-iron-a-member-of-the-habsburg-dynasty-he-became-duke-of-inner-austria-in-1424-at-the-age-of-nine-but-would-not-be-awarded-rule-until-1435-with-his-younger-brother-albert-asserting-his-rights-as-co-ruler-by-1439-frederick-had-become-the-undisputed-head-of-the-habsburg-dynasty-frederick-was-the-cousin-of-late-king-albert-ii-and-was-elected-as-king-of-germany-in-1440-he-travelled-to-italy-in-1452-to-be-crowned-holy-roman-emperor-he-was-unsucces-image344280743.html
RM2B039GR–Frederick III (1415-1493), also known as Frederick the Fat and Frederick the Peaceful, was the eldest son of the Inner Austrian duke Ernest the Iron, a member of the Habsburg dynasty. He became duke of Inner Austria in 1424 at the age of nine, but would not be awarded rule until 1435, with his younger brother Albert asserting his rights as co-ruler. By 1439, Frederick had become the undisputed head of the Habsburg dynasty. Frederick was the cousin of late King Albert II, and was elected as King of Germany in 1440. He travelled to Italy in 1452 to be crowned Holy Roman Emperor. He was unsucces
Ferdinand III (1608-1657) was the eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II. He became Archduke of Austria in 1621, King of Hungary in 1625 and King of Bohemia in 1627. Ferdinand was appointed head of the Imperial Army in 1634 during the Thirty Years' War, and was vital in the negotiation of the Peace of Prague in 1635, the same year he was elected King of Germany. When his father died in 1637, he succeeded him as Holy Roman Emperor. As emperor, Ferdinand wished for peace with France and Sweden, but the war would drag on for another 11 years, finally ending with the signing of the Peace of Westphali Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/ferdinand-iii-1608-1657-was-the-eldest-son-of-emperor-ferdinand-ii-he-became-archduke-of-austria-in-1621-king-of-hungary-in-1625-and-king-of-bohemia-in-1627-ferdinand-was-appointed-head-of-the-imperial-army-in-1634-during-the-thirty-years-war-and-was-vital-in-the-negotiation-of-the-peace-of-prague-in-1635-the-same-year-he-was-elected-king-of-germany-when-his-father-died-in-1637-he-succeeded-him-as-holy-roman-emperor-as-emperor-ferdinand-wished-for-peace-with-france-and-sweden-but-the-war-would-drag-on-for-another-11-years-finally-ending-with-the-signing-of-the-peace-of-westphali-image344279690.html
RM2B03876–Ferdinand III (1608-1657) was the eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II. He became Archduke of Austria in 1621, King of Hungary in 1625 and King of Bohemia in 1627. Ferdinand was appointed head of the Imperial Army in 1634 during the Thirty Years' War, and was vital in the negotiation of the Peace of Prague in 1635, the same year he was elected King of Germany. When his father died in 1637, he succeeded him as Holy Roman Emperor. As emperor, Ferdinand wished for peace with France and Sweden, but the war would drag on for another 11 years, finally ending with the signing of the Peace of Westphali
Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519), the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans (also known as King of the Germans) from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky. He had ruled jointly with his father for the last ten years of his father's reign, from c. 1483. He expanded the influence of the House of Habsburg through war and his marriage in 1477 to Mary of Burgundy, the heiress to the Duchy of Burgundy, but he also lost the Aus Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/maximilian-i-22-march-1459-12-january-1519-the-son-of-frederick-iii-holy-roman-emperor-and-eleanor-of-portugal-was-king-of-the-romans-also-known-as-king-of-the-germans-from-1486-and-holy-roman-emperor-from-1508-until-his-death-though-he-was-never-in-fact-crowned-by-the-pope-the-journey-to-rome-always-being-too-risky-he-had-ruled-jointly-with-his-father-for-the-last-ten-years-of-his-fathers-reign-from-c-1483-he-expanded-the-influence-of-the-house-of-habsburg-through-war-and-his-marriage-in-1477-to-mary-of-burgundy-the-heiress-to-the-duchy-of-burgundy-but-he-also-lost-the-aus-image344274278.html
RM2B0319X–Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519), the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans (also known as King of the Germans) from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky. He had ruled jointly with his father for the last ten years of his father's reign, from c. 1483. He expanded the influence of the House of Habsburg through war and his marriage in 1477 to Mary of Burgundy, the heiress to the Duchy of Burgundy, but he also lost the Aus
Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519), the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans (also known as King of the Germans) from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky. He had ruled jointly with his father for the last ten years of his father's reign, from c. 1483. He expanded the influence of the House of Habsburg through war and his marriage in 1477 to Mary of Burgundy, the heiress to the Duchy of Burgundy, but he also lost the Aus Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/maximilian-i-22-march-1459-12-january-1519-the-son-of-frederick-iii-holy-roman-emperor-and-eleanor-of-portugal-was-king-of-the-romans-also-known-as-king-of-the-germans-from-1486-and-holy-roman-emperor-from-1508-until-his-death-though-he-was-never-in-fact-crowned-by-the-pope-the-journey-to-rome-always-being-too-risky-he-had-ruled-jointly-with-his-father-for-the-last-ten-years-of-his-fathers-reign-from-c-1483-he-expanded-the-influence-of-the-house-of-habsburg-through-war-and-his-marriage-in-1477-to-mary-of-burgundy-the-heiress-to-the-duchy-of-burgundy-but-he-also-lost-the-aus-image344274279.html
RM2B0319Y–Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519), the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans (also known as King of the Germans) from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky. He had ruled jointly with his father for the last ten years of his father's reign, from c. 1483. He expanded the influence of the House of Habsburg through war and his marriage in 1477 to Mary of Burgundy, the heiress to the Duchy of Burgundy, but he also lost the Aus
Charlemagne (2 April 742 – 28 January 814 CE), also known as Charles the Great (Latin: Carolus or Karolus Magnus, French: Charles Le Grand or Charlemagne, German: Karl der Grosse, Italian: Carlo Magno or Carlomagno) or Charles I, was King of the Franks who united most of Western Europe during the Middle Ages and laid the foundations for modern France and Germany. He took the Frankish throne from 768 and became King of Italy from 774. From 800 he became the first Holy Roman Emperor - the first recognized Roman emperor in Western Europe since the collapse of the Western Roman Empire three centur Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/charlemagne-2-april-742-28-january-814-ce-also-known-as-charles-the-great-latin-carolus-or-karolus-magnus-french-charles-le-grand-or-charlemagne-german-karl-der-grosse-italian-carlo-magno-or-carlomagno-or-charles-i-was-king-of-the-franks-who-united-most-of-western-europe-during-the-middle-ages-and-laid-the-foundations-for-modern-france-and-germany-he-took-the-frankish-throne-from-768-and-became-king-of-italy-from-774-from-800-he-became-the-first-holy-roman-emperor-the-first-recognized-roman-emperor-in-western-europe-since-the-collapse-of-the-western-roman-empire-three-centur-image344270447.html
RM2B02TD3–Charlemagne (2 April 742 – 28 January 814 CE), also known as Charles the Great (Latin: Carolus or Karolus Magnus, French: Charles Le Grand or Charlemagne, German: Karl der Grosse, Italian: Carlo Magno or Carlomagno) or Charles I, was King of the Franks who united most of Western Europe during the Middle Ages and laid the foundations for modern France and Germany. He took the Frankish throne from 768 and became King of Italy from 774. From 800 he became the first Holy Roman Emperor - the first recognized Roman emperor in Western Europe since the collapse of the Western Roman Empire three centur
Charlemagne (2 April 742 – 28 January 814 CE), also known as Charles the Great (Latin: Carolus or Karolus Magnus, French: Charles Le Grand or Charlemagne, German: Karl der Grosse, Italian: Carlo Magno or Carlomagno) or Charles I, was King of the Franks who united most of Western Europe during the Middle Ages and laid the foundations for modern France and Germany. He took the Frankish throne from 768 and became King of Italy from 774. From 800 he became the first Holy Roman Emperor - the first recognized Roman emperor in Western Europe since the collapse of the Western Roman Empire three centur Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/charlemagne-2-april-742-28-january-814-ce-also-known-as-charles-the-great-latin-carolus-or-karolus-magnus-french-charles-le-grand-or-charlemagne-german-karl-der-grosse-italian-carlo-magno-or-carlomagno-or-charles-i-was-king-of-the-franks-who-united-most-of-western-europe-during-the-middle-ages-and-laid-the-foundations-for-modern-france-and-germany-he-took-the-frankish-throne-from-768-and-became-king-of-italy-from-774-from-800-he-became-the-first-holy-roman-emperor-the-first-recognized-roman-emperor-in-western-europe-since-the-collapse-of-the-western-roman-empire-three-centur-image344270451.html
RM2B02TD7–Charlemagne (2 April 742 – 28 January 814 CE), also known as Charles the Great (Latin: Carolus or Karolus Magnus, French: Charles Le Grand or Charlemagne, German: Karl der Grosse, Italian: Carlo Magno or Carlomagno) or Charles I, was King of the Franks who united most of Western Europe during the Middle Ages and laid the foundations for modern France and Germany. He took the Frankish throne from 768 and became King of Italy from 774. From 800 he became the first Holy Roman Emperor - the first recognized Roman emperor in Western Europe since the collapse of the Western Roman Empire three centur
Charlemagne (2 April 742 – 28 January 814 CE), also known as Charles the Great (Latin: Carolus or Karolus Magnus, French: Charles Le Grand or Charlemagne, German: Karl der Grosse, Italian: Carlo Magno or Carlomagno) or Charles I, was King of the Franks who united most of Western Europe during the Middle Ages and laid the foundations for modern France and Germany. He took the Frankish throne from 768 and became King of Italy from 774. From 800 he became the first Holy Roman Emperor - the first recognized Roman emperor in Western Europe since the collapse of the Western Roman Empire three centur Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/charlemagne-2-april-742-28-january-814-ce-also-known-as-charles-the-great-latin-carolus-or-karolus-magnus-french-charles-le-grand-or-charlemagne-german-karl-der-grosse-italian-carlo-magno-or-carlomagno-or-charles-i-was-king-of-the-franks-who-united-most-of-western-europe-during-the-middle-ages-and-laid-the-foundations-for-modern-france-and-germany-he-took-the-frankish-throne-from-768-and-became-king-of-italy-from-774-from-800-he-became-the-first-holy-roman-emperor-the-first-recognized-roman-emperor-in-western-europe-since-the-collapse-of-the-western-roman-empire-three-centur-image344270448.html
RM2B02TD4–Charlemagne (2 April 742 – 28 January 814 CE), also known as Charles the Great (Latin: Carolus or Karolus Magnus, French: Charles Le Grand or Charlemagne, German: Karl der Grosse, Italian: Carlo Magno or Carlomagno) or Charles I, was King of the Franks who united most of Western Europe during the Middle Ages and laid the foundations for modern France and Germany. He took the Frankish throne from 768 and became King of Italy from 774. From 800 he became the first Holy Roman Emperor - the first recognized Roman emperor in Western Europe since the collapse of the Western Roman Empire three centur
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