A manual of practical hygiene for students, physicians, and health officers . o the hub. AVith the flanged Sanitas pipe, theconnection is obtained more easily andcheaply; here the lead pipe is flanged outand bolted to the iron by means of cast-ironrings with ears and bolt-holes correspondingto those on the pipe. Each soil-pipe should be extended in fullsize through the roof for about two feet, andits outlet should not be obstructed by a capor cowl, as is commonly done. The capserves no useful purpose, and the passagefor air is so narrow that, in winter, when thewarm, moist air ascends, a coati
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A manual of practical hygiene for students, physicians, and health officers . o the hub. AVith the flanged Sanitas pipe, theconnection is obtained more easily andcheaply; here the lead pipe is flanged outand bolted to the iron by means of cast-ironrings with ears and bolt-holes correspondingto those on the pipe. Each soil-pipe should be extended in fullsize through the roof for about two feet, andits outlet should not be obstructed by a capor cowl, as is commonly done. The capserves no useful purpose, and the passagefor air is so narrow that, in winter, when thewarm, moist air ascends, a coating of frost isformed all over the inner surface of the ex-posed pipe, and this may grow in thicknessso as to occlude the outlet completely, as isshown at A in Fig. 54. In all cases, oneshould make provision for the expansion andcontraction of the column of metal, for whilethe movement either way is slight, its force isvery great; therefore, the fastenings shouldnot be too rigid, but should allow a little play.The soil-pipe should be very firmly supported at the bottom, and. Occlusion of outlet of soil-pipeby frost. PLJIMIUNO. r>()7 itH jiiiiclioii wilJi llic iiiiiin dniiii .slioiilil Ix; in:ut: with a lend of a»largo u radius as j)(), sHil)l<;. Tlic Ix-hL support is cilhrr a l.iik j»ieror a wood(^u post, or otli(!r firtn and unyielding Htrurtiin-. TIk- cori-ucctioii should under no cinMiinstanc-cs at a right angh-, hut withan elbow bend sui)j)ort<d on a foot, as in I*ig. 55. If the piix; rnuHtbe carried along a ec^llar wall, it should Ih; siipportiid cither by a hUvWor by wrought-irori pi|)(!-hookH. Irorn i]( p(»int where th(! soil-j)ipe departs IVoin ihe jXTiM-ndir-ularand tends toward IIh; s<;wer or (;esspool, it is cornnionly known :ls the;drain, whether other soil-pip(!H enttjr it or not. The drain should c/m-sist of iron as far as a j)oint well away from the foundation of thehouse and from all danger* of fracture due to settling. Under no cir-cumstances sh