View from Erzabt-Klotz-Straße of Hohensalzburg Fortress and a church with a red dome; in the foreground, the entrance to a HYPO car park. Hohensalzburg Fortress (construction began in 1077) is one of the largest and best-preserved medieval castle complexes in Europe and towers over Salzburg’s old town on the Festungsberg (542 m above sea level). Salzburg, Austria