RF2JPFGKE–Une affiche ancienne dans une école française , REPTILES , BACTARIENS
RMDYKBXR–Feuersalamander, Salamandra salamandra terrestris, European fire salamander
RF2C2X5RE–Spanish ribbed newt Pleurodeles waltl , also known as the Iberian ribbed newt. Wildlife animal
RFE0AMYK–Courtship of Iberian newt
RMBAEE6A–Marbled Newt 'Triturus marmoratus'.Male under water clinging to river gravel.
RFPRXANM–Spanish ribbed newt Pleurodeles waltl , also known as the Iberian ribbed newt. Wildlife animal.
RM2NEC5F3–Infographic about amphibians, their characteristics and classification, detailed anatomy of a toad. [QuarkXPress (.qxp); Adobe InDesign (.indd); 4960x3188].
RM2AJ596K–The morphology and evolutional significance of the pineal body : being part I of a contribution to the study of the epiphysis cerebri with an interpretation of the morphological, physiological and clinical evidence . f one takes intoaccount the thickened portion of the unusually large commissurahabenularis, but thereafter in the series it seems to disappearentirely. The next most constant structure in the epiphyseal complexis the end-vesicle of the pineal organ. This maintains a highdegree of prominence in cyclostomes, selachians, ganoids, teleosls,urodeles and anura. It shows a conspicuous te
RFB3360M–Salamandra salamandra, European fire salamander
RMAWGNMY–Triton vulgaris, Italian Common Newt, Farfa, Italy
RMPG1RNT–. Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative. 132 COMPARATIVE ANATOMY Sirenia, Cheiroptera, and certain Marsupialia, a sesamoid bone is developed in the distal tendons of the great extensor musqles of the shank, and is known as the knee-cap or patella. This is already present in certain Lizards and in Birds. The carpus and tarsus most nearly correspond with those of Urodeles and Chelonians, and, as in them, certain of the elements 1-2 earn.tceatr. ^—^^^. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for
RMW15HY0–Archive image from page 155 of The development of the frog's. The development of the frog's egg; an introduction to experimental embryology . developmentoffro00morg Year: 1897 1-iO DEVELOPMENT OF THE FROG'S EGG [Cii. XIII The main differences that exist between the methods of forma- tion of neurenteric canal and anus in the frog and in urodeles are these: In the frog the ventral lip of the blastopore grows forward during the closure of the blastopore, and only subse- quently a new opening forms at the point from which the for- FiG. 38. —Embryo of Kaua temporaria at time of hatching. ward g
RF2P7H45N–geotritone (Hydromantes genei) abita le cavità sotterranee dell'iglesiente e del supramonte. Dorgali. Nuoro. Sardegna .Italia
RMBRT05D–Newt walking on moorland in the Scottish Highlands.
RMDYKBXN–Feuersalamander, Salamandra salamandra terrestris, European fire salamander
RF2C2X5RR–Spanish ribbed newt Pleurodeles waltl , also known as the Iberian ribbed newt. Wildlife animal
RFE0AMYR–Courtship of Iberian newt
RFPRXANN–Spanish ribbed newt Pleurodeles waltl , also known as the Iberian ribbed newt. Wildlife animal.
RMP80PGY–Frog and salamander.
RM2AGC4A4–. The American journal of anatomy. ond digits. In amblystoma itdoes not extend tibially beyond the fourth digit, the intermetatarsal be-tween the fourth and third digits, for instance, being supplied by themedial plantar. 412 The Plijiogeny of the Plantar MuscuLature 11. The Plantar Muscles of the Lacertilia. The manus of the lacertilia comjDared with that of the urodeles showeda considerable increase in the number of muscle layers, the four urodelanlayers being represented by seven. In the pes a similar increase occurs,but it is not carried to quite the same extent as in the manus, the flexor
RMPG2NN3–. Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative. 60 COMPARATIVE ANATOMY ing to differentiations of the pectoral arch/ but as consisting of skeletal parts which primarily belong to the body-wall, and only secondarily come into connection with the limb-skeleton. In most Urodeles and certain Anurans the edges of the cartilag- inous sternum are inserted into the grooved median margins of the two coracoids (Fig. 43, B, C), to which they are united by connective tissue. In Rana, on the other hand (D), in which the two halves of the pectoral arch are much moi'e closely conn
RMW1CPT3–Archive image from page 72 of Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans. Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les artes. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes . dictionnairedes08cuvi Year: 1816 ZOOLOGIE. EKPÉTOLO<tIE. Urodèles. . SALAMANDRE terrestic. 3. TRITON crèté.
RMDYKBXY–Feuersalamander, Salamandra salamandra terrestris, European fire salamander
RF2C2X5RG–Spanish ribbed newt Pleurodeles waltl , also known as the Iberian ribbed newt. Wildlife animal
RFE0AMYE–Courtship of Iberian newt
RFPRXANB–Spanish ribbed newt Pleurodeles waltl , also known as the Iberian ribbed newt. Wildlife animal.
RMP80PKB–Urodelo and anuro amphibians keletons.
RM2AJE2KR–The cell in development and inheritance . rule, and is equatorial, as in Ascarisand some other nematodes. The whole subject was finally throwninto apparent confusion, first by the discovery of Clapp (91), Jordan,and Eycleshymer (94) that in some cases there seems to be no con-stant relation whatever between the early cleavage-planes and theadult axes, even in the same species (teleosts, urodeles); and even in 382 CELL-DIVISION AND DEVELOPMENT the frog Hertwig showed that the relation described by Newport andRoux is not invariable. Driesch finally demonstrated that the direc-tion of the early c
RMPG3N65–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. IV. VERTEBRATA: REPTILIA. 521 Class I. Reptilia. On account of similarity of form, the reptiles and Amphibia were long untied. They form parallel groups: urodeles and lizards, frogs and turtles, cceciUans and snakes. Hence the points of distinction must be emphasized. The most important are two: the reptiles belong to the Amniota and, as such, have the embryonal features of the group; second, although often aquatic, they are, in the entire absence of branchial respira- tion, in character of skin and skeleton, in their entire structure, like the true land animals
RMRWNTH8–Elements of the comparative anatomy Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates elementsofcompar00wied Year: 1886 PP f'ot-c Fit;. 59.- SKI i.i. OK /in,in fx'iilfiilu. i Ventral view. i After Kcker.) The investing bones are removed on tlie right side. geminal, and abducent nerves. Anura.—The skull of the tailless Batrachia is at first sight very similar to that of Urodeles. It undergoes, however, an essentially different and much more complicated development, reminding
RM2AJWCKX–PORTUGESE FIRE SALAMANDER (Salamandra s. gallaica). Distinctive pattern of a series of black spots inside larger yellow ones.Tendency to areas of red.
RMDYKBXT–Feuersalamander, Salamandra salamandra terrestris, European fire salamander
RFPRXANC–Spanish ribbed newt Pleurodeles waltl , also known as the Iberian ribbed newt. Wildlife animal.
RMP80PK7–Frog tadpoles and salamander.
RM2CDFFMA–. Journal of morphology . ilibration and thedetection of vibrations of low frequency when such come to the ani-mal through a dense medium such as earth or water. The natureand structure of the apparatus in urodeles seem to preclude the beliefthat vibrations of any frequency whatsoever can be detected froma medium as rare as the air. There is, however, nothing in thenature of the apparatus to interfere with the view that vibrations The Columella Auris in Ampiiibia. 610 of high frequency are not detected if transmitted to the animalthrough a dense medium. Experimentation along this line mayprove
RMPG2M31–. Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative. 354 COMPARATIVE ANATOMY in which they are shorter and more compact, and are confined to the middle portion of the coelome. In Urodeles they always consist of a narrow anterior, and a broader and more compact posterior portion. The latter, as in Elasmobranchs, gives rise to the functional kidney (Fig. 279), while the former becomes connected in the male with the generative organs. Delicate vasa efferentia, developed from the mesonephros, pass out from the testis (Figs. 279, 280, 292) into the substance of the kidney, an
RMRWNJGP–Elements of the comparative anatomy Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates elementsofcompar00wied Year: 1886 VERTEBRAL COLUMN. 41 different stages of development find a complete parallel in the phylogeny of tailed Amphibians, inasmuch as all fossil forms, e.g. the Stegocephala of the Carboniferous Period and the Labyrintho- donts, as well as the Perennibranchiata, Derotremata, and many Salamanders, possess simple biconcave vertebras, without differen- tiation into definite articulations. The bony parts of the vertebrae of Urodeles are not formed from the cartilaginous sheath of th
RM2AD7N08–ITALIAN FIRE SALAMANDER (Salamandra salamandra gigliolli). Form found in central and southern Italy. Group revealed from cover.
RM2RF79G7–Feuersalamander (Salamandra salamandra terrestris), Portraet. | European fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra terrestris), portrait.
RMP80PFY–Comparison between the life cycle of the frog and the salamander.
RM2CDEWD5–. An introduction to zoology : for the use of high schools . Fig. 66.—Siren lacertina. (After Brehm,) 13. Of the caducibranchiate Urodeles two genera, AmpMumaand Menopoma, must be regarded as nearest to the foregoing, onaccount of the fact that in spite of the loss of the gills, one gill-slit on each side (that between the third and fourth gill-arches)persists, whereas in the other forms all trace of these disappearsin the course of development. Amphiuma (Fig. 67) is an eel-like form from swamps in the Southern States ; both pairs oflegs are present, carrying in one species two, in the other t
RMPG2NR9–. Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative. VERTEBRAL COLUMN 43 tissue, extend iuwards towards the centre, gradually constricting the notochord so that it may eventually become entirely obliterated. Finally a differentiation, as well as a resorption, â extending inwards from the periphery, occurs in these cartilaginous parts : in the interior of each an articular cavity is formed, so that in the vertebrae of the higher Urodeles an anterior convexity and. ITiG. 33.âLongitudinal Section through the Vekteeral Column of ^'AKIous Urodeles. A, Ranorlonsiherimx ; Ti, A
RMRWNJ3Y–Elements of the comparative anatomy Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates elementsofcompar00wied Year: 1886 VERTEBRAL COLUMN. 39 Amphibia.—The vertebral column of Urodeles may be divided into cervical, thoraco-lumbar, sacral, and caudal regions, and these regions can be recognised, except in certain modified forms such as Snakes, from Urodeles up to the Mam- malia. On account of the absence of extremities in Chilians, the vertebral column can only be divided into three regions, cervical, FIG. 29.'—TAIL OF Protopterus. thoracic, and a very short caudal. In Anura, no special lum
RMJBGBHC–Smooth Newt Lissotriton vulgaris. Adult male. Breeding, aquatic stage, of annual life cycle.
RM2CDB1TG–. Histoire naturelle des drogues simples : ou Cours d'histoire naturelle professé a l'École supérieure de pharmacie de Paris . femelle à les pondre par des embrassements très-longs et, dans plu-sieurs espèces, ne les féconde quà linstant de leur sortie. Toutefois ily a aussi des espèces vivipares. On a divisé les batraciens en trois familles, sous les noms deD. anoures, urodèles et branchifères. Les premiers nont ni queue nibranchies à létat parfait, et sont pourvus de quatre membres, ex. :les grenouilles et les crapauds ; les seconds ne perdent que leursbranchies, conservent leur queue et acq
RMPG2MNC–. Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative. AUDITORY ORGAN 227 expanded distally to fit against the tympanic membrane. The columella is wanting in certain Urodeles {e.g., Triton). A mem- branous fenestra rotunda in the outer wall of the auditory capsule is present in most Amphibians and in all higher Vertebrates in addition to the fenestra ovalis. The ear of the Gymnophiona resembles that of the Urodela, but the membranous labyrinth shows further complications.. Fi(!. 181.âRight JIembkaxous Labyrimth of Eana ticulenta, from the inner side. (After G. Retzius.) «
RMRWK5K0–Elements of the comparative anatomy Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates elementsofcompar00wied Year: 1886 144 ('()MPA i;ATIVE AX ATOMV. The brain of Anura, and still more that of Gymnophiona, reaches a much higher stage than that of Urodeles, which retains to a greater extent a resemblance to the brain of Fishes. In Rana, moreover, the fore-parts of the hemispheres in the region of the oll-irtnry lobi-s an- fused together in the middle line; in Urodeles and Protopterus they remain distinct throughout. In < Vratodus the hemispheres are fused together dorsally, and in Ganoids
RMRHK70C–. The biology of the amphibia. Amphibians. RELATIONSHIPS AND CLASSIFICATION 469 of Europe. The closely allied, if not identical, Andrias has been found in the Miocene and Upper Oligocene of the same region. A fossil cryptobranchid, Plicognathus, has been described from. Fig. 145.—Diagram illustrating the phylogeny of the urodeles. The heavy- black arrows indicate the phylogenetic relations. The narrow, horizontal arrows represent the ontogeny of the various families. The degree of metamorphosis of the hyobranchial apparatus is employed as the chief criterion of metamorphosis in this diagram. T
RMAWGFXX–Triton vulgaris, Italian Common Newt, Farfa, Italy
RMPG2NHW–. Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative. Fig. 50.—Biagkammatic Transverse Sections oe the Head in Embryo— (A) Sturgeons, Elasmobranchs, Anukans, and Mammals ; (B) Urodeles AND Snakes ; (C) Certain Teleosteaks, Lizards, Crocodiles, Chblonians, and Birds. Tr, trabeculse cranii; (?, brain ; A, eyes ; Ps, parasphenoid ; IS, interobital septum ; F, frontal; Olf, olfactory nerve. We must now further follow the processes of growth, start- ing from the primary. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced
RMRWNJ96–Elements of the comparative anatomy Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates elementsofcompar00wied Year: 1886 40 ( (».M 1'AILVTIVE AXATOM V. periphery occurs in these cartilaginous parts: in the interior of each an articular cavity is formed, so that in the vertebrae of tin- ner Urodeles (Salamandrina perspicillata and certain Tritons) an anterior convexity a ad a posterior concavity may be distin- guished, buth covered with cartilage; they are, therefore, opisthoccelous. A glance at Fig. 31,'A to D, will make this clear. l'f.. '.I. Ll l, Si,< ilnx TIIIIOM.I' 'ilir. VERTEB
RMRHK7JN–. The biology of the amphibia. Amphibians. 254 THE BIOLOGY OF THE AMPHIBIA Ventral Throat Musculature.—The rectus abdominis is contin- ued forward into the throat region by the sternohyoideus or abdominohyoideus of urodeles. The latter muscle is part of the hypaxial system, but its union with the red us is apparently second- ary, since the labyrinthodonts had a better developed pectoral girdle than modern urodeles, and this would have separated the two muscles (Miner, 1925). The condition in Salientia where. Fig*. 93.—Dissection of the hyobranchial muscles of the adult Eurycea bisline- ata, do
RMAWGFKW–Triton vulgaris, Italian Common Newt, Farfa, Italy
RMPFA8F6–. The development of the frog's egg; an introduction to experimental embryology. Embryology. 1-iO DEVELOPMENT OF THE FROG'S EGG [Cii. XIII The main differences that exist between the methods of forma- tion of neurenteric canal and anus in the frog and in urodeles are these: In the frog the ventral lip of the blastopore grows forward during the closure of the blastopore, and only subse- quently a new opening forms at the point from which the for-. FiG. 38. —Embryo of Kaua temporaria at time of hatching. ward growth began (Fig. 37, A, B). In the urodeles (newt and Amblystoma) the ventral lip of
RMRWNTP9–Elements of the comparative anatomy Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates elementsofcompar00wied Year: 1886 KIT FIG. 60.—HYOBRANCHIAL APPARATUS OF URODELES. A, Axolotl (tiiredon pisci- formis] ; B, Kalamandra maculata; C, Triton•cristatus; T>, Spelerpes fuscus. L'br I, II, first and second basibranchial ; KcH, ceratohyal ; HpH, hypohyal ; Kebr I, II, first and second ceratcbranchial; EpbrltoIV, first to fourth cpi- branchial ; KU, KH1, small anterior and posterior pairs of cornua ; O.th, thyroid bone; G.th, thyroid gland. formation of membranous and cartilaginous walls to t
RMREFABW–. Comparative anatomy. Anatomy, Comparative. THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM 271 In the urodeles, the metamerism of the lateral trunk musculature persists as a striking characteristic. The extrinsic muscles of the append- ages, however, become widely extended anterior and posterior to the legs. Such definitive muscles as the pectoraUs and the latissimus dorsi now appear, and the intrinsic muscles subdivide into those of the arm and thigh, the forearm and shank, and the feet. By further sphtting of the original muscle mass within the limb, many new muscles arise, some of which may be homologized with those
RMAWGNCW–Triton vulgaris, Italian Common Newt, Farfa, Italy
RMPG2NRJ–. Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative. 4-2 COMPARATIVE ANATOMY Amphibia.—The vertebral column of Urodeles may be differ- entiated into cervical, thoraco-lumbar, sacral, and caudal regions, and these regions can be recognised, except in certain modified forms, in all the higher Vertebrates. On account of the absence of extremities in Csecilians, the vertebral column can only be. Fig. 31.—Tail of Lepidosteus. -divided into three regions—cervical, thoracic, and a very short caudal. In Anura, no special lumbar region can be recognised, and the caudal portion is
RMREE592–. Comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative; Vertebrates. 370 COMPARATIVE ANATOMY The cricoid is much more sharply differentiated than in Amphibians, and may give off processes ; with it the arytenoids are movably connected.1 Dilator and sphincter muscles (Fig. 275) are present much as in Urodeles, and as in Mammals, are supplied by two branches of the vagus—an anterior (corresponding to the first branchial branch of Fishes) and a posterior (recurrent), the homologue of that present in Urodeles and of the fourth branchial branch. Except in Snakes, in -which considerable reductio
RMPG2MBW–. Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative. GILLS 2V9 on the liyoid. In Protopterus and Lepidosiren a reduction of these organs has taken place, gills being absent in the former genus on the first and second branchial arches; there is, however, in addition, an anterior hemibranch on the fifth branchial arch. Amphibia—-In the embryos of Urodeles, five gill-clefts can usually be recognised, but the most anterior and posterior of these do not become open to the exterior. In the larvae, as well as in adult Perennibranchiates, there are three external gill-tufts in c
RMRHRA38–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. THE VPSILOID APPARATUS OF URODELES. 263. alba. It does not show in the myotome anterior to the pubis the superficial differentiation noted in the forms already described. Neither is any of this superficial portion attached to the ypsiloid cartilage. The musculature of the Cartilage ypsiloides is otherwise quite similar to that of Dicniyctylns. The anterior ypsiloid muscle, is, owing to the great width of the linea alba, inserted into the distal portion only of the arms. The relation of the M. pubo-ischio- fcinoralis interims
RMPG2NHP–. Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative. Fig. 50.—Biagkammatic Transverse Sections oe the Head in Embryo— (A) Sturgeons, Elasmobranchs, Anukans, and Mammals ; (B) Urodeles AND Snakes ; (C) Certain Teleosteaks, Lizards, Crocodiles, Chblonians, and Birds. Tr, trabeculse cranii; (?, brain ; A, eyes ; Ps, parasphenoid ; IS, interobital septum ; F, frontal; Olf, olfactory nerve. We must now further follow the processes of growth, start- ing from the primary. FI' EiG. 51.—Later Stage in the Development or the Prim- ordial Skull. C, notochord ; B, basilar plate; Tr,
RMRHK80X–. The biology of the amphibia. Amphibians. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 169 (Marcus, 1927). Cranially the cartilages tend to form rings or plates which support the bronchial tubes and trachea. The caecilians, also, exhibit an infiltration of the lungs by cartilage (Marcus, 1927), which may, therefore, be a primitive feature of the Amphibia. The urodeles, in correlation with their elongate body form, usually possess a distinct trachea. This is longest in Amphiuma and Siren, which possess tracheal cartilages homologous with those of caecilians. The cartilages which support the larynx have a differ- ^-
RMPG2MRM–. Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative. 218 COMPARATIVE ANATOMY. Fig. 173. — H.4kdbkiax Gland (H, H^) .and Lachrymal Glax'd [Th) OF Anguis fraij'dis. M, muscle of jaw ; B, eye- ball. M]}- Dipnoans,^ the outer medium appears to suffice for this purpose, but the first attempt of a Vertebrate to exchange an aquatic for an aerial existence necessitated the develop- ment of a secretory apparatus in connection with the eye. Thus in Urodeles a glandular organ is developed from the conjunctival epithelium along the whole length of the lower eye- lid ; in Keptiles th
RM2TD0BDC–alpine newt (Triturus alpestris, Ichthyosaura alpestris, Mesotriton alpestris), in foliage, France
RMREFEA4–. Comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative; Vertebrates -- Anatomy. 54 COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF VERTEBRATES. the myosepta with the horizontal plate, and thus is lateral to the hypaxial muscles and between them and the epaxial series. This is the true or pleural rib. Any vertebra may bear ribs of either kind (including haemal arches) and the two kinds frequently coexist on the same vertebra in the trunk of salmonids, clupeids and Polypterus, and in the caudal region of urodeles and some reptiles. Their possible occurrence in all parts of the body is explained by the existence o
RMPG2MRJ–. Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative. Fig. 173. — H.4kdbkiax Gland (H, H^) .and Lachrymal Glax'd [Th) OF Anguis fraij'dis. M, muscle of jaw ; B, eye- ball. M]}- Dipnoans,^ the outer medium appears to suffice for this purpose, but the first attempt of a Vertebrate to exchange an aquatic for an aerial existence necessitated the develop- ment of a secretory apparatus in connection with the eye. Thus in Urodeles a glandular organ is developed from the conjunctival epithelium along the whole length of the lower eye- lid ; in Keptiles this becomes mote developed
RM2G7GT6W–warty newt, crested newt, European crested newt (Triturus cristatus), female with displaying male fanning scents with its tail, Germany
RMREEXN3–. Comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative; Vertebrates -- Anatomy. 114 COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF VERTEBRATES. tilage persists for some time, or through life, but elsewhere it disap- pears and the elements unite by symphysis. The same groups of non- placental mammals are characterized by the presence of marsupial bones (fig. 121). These are preformed in cartilage and extend for- ward from either pubis in the ventral abdominal wall. Their homol- ogy is very uncertain; but they are not the ypsiloid of the urodeles.. FIG. 122.—Diagrams illustrating theories of origin of appendages
RMAWGGNR–Triturus carnifex adulto albinotico etrozigotico anfibi tritoni caudati Italia terrario
RMPF9FHE–. Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les artes. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes. Natural history. ZOOLOGIE. EKPÉTOLO<tIE. Urodèles.. ^. SALAMANDRE terrestic. 3. TRITON crèté.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of th
RM2G7GTCB–warty newt, crested newt, European crested newt (Triturus cristatus), female with displaying male fanning scents with its tail, Germany
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