. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . before or behind. The nervous system of Nassopsis (Fig. 2^]^ is extremelyinteresting, being one of the most archaic tsenioglossate typesat present known. The cerebral ganglia are widely separatedfrom one another, and the pleural ganglia are not onlyseparated from the cerebral ganglia, but on the sides of theoesophagus, the cerebro-pleural connectives being conse-quently of considerable relative length. The supra-intestinalcord springs directly from the right pleural Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-before-or-behind-the-nervous-system-of-nassopsis-fig-2-is-extremelyinteresting-being-one-of-the-most-archaic-tsenioglossate-typesat-present-known-the-cerebral-ganglia-are-widely-separatedfrom-one-another-and-the-pleural-ganglia-are-not-onlyseparated-from-the-cerebral-ganglia-but-on-the-sides-of-theoesophagus-the-cerebro-pleural-connectives-being-conse-quently-of-considerable-relative-length-the-supra-intestinalcord-springs-directly-from-the-right-pleural-image369682328.html
RM2CDCDG8–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . before or behind. The nervous system of Nassopsis (Fig. 2^]^ is extremelyinteresting, being one of the most archaic tsenioglossate typesat present known. The cerebral ganglia are widely separatedfrom one another, and the pleural ganglia are not onlyseparated from the cerebral ganglia, but on the sides of theoesophagus, the cerebro-pleural connectives being conse-quently of considerable relative length. The supra-intestinalcord springs directly from the right pleural
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . ukwa and Tanganyika, constitutea series of depressions which have arisen as phenomenasubordinate to the formation of the Great Central AfricanRange. It is further probable, from existing observations,that the more northern and eastern series of valleys,those in which Rudolf, Stephanie and Beringo are found,have arisen in a similar manner. This more eastern series,from some way south of Beringo to Basso-Norack, has,up to the present time, been far better known than th Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-ukwa-and-tanganyika-constitutea-series-of-depressions-which-have-arisen-as-phenomenasubordinate-to-the-formation-of-the-great-central-africanrange-it-is-further-probable-from-existing-observationsthat-the-more-northern-and-eastern-series-of-valleysthose-in-which-rudolf-stephanie-and-beringo-are-foundhave-arisen-in-a-similar-manner-this-more-eastern-seriesfrom-some-way-south-of-beringo-to-basso-norack-hasup-to-the-present-time-been-far-better-known-than-th-image369684588.html
RM2CDCGD0–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . ukwa and Tanganyika, constitutea series of depressions which have arisen as phenomenasubordinate to the formation of the Great Central AfricanRange. It is further probable, from existing observations,that the more northern and eastern series of valleys,those in which Rudolf, Stephanie and Beringo are found,have arisen in a similar manner. This more eastern series,from some way south of Beringo to Basso-Norack, has,up to the present time, been far better known than th
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . p of islands occupying the position of the equatorialportion of the continent of to-day. The changes whichfollowed were produced by the initial stages in the forma-tion of the great central chain. The areas of ancientdepression in which the Old African sandstones had beendeposited became disturbed and gradually more and moreinvolved with the extension of the folding and the crinklingof the earths crust alons: axes runninp; north and south, untilin time their floors w Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-p-of-islands-occupying-the-position-of-the-equatorialportion-of-the-continent-of-to-day-the-changes-whichfollowed-were-produced-by-the-initial-stages-in-the-forma-tion-of-the-great-central-chain-the-areas-of-ancientdepression-in-which-the-old-african-sandstones-had-beendeposited-became-disturbed-and-gradually-more-and-moreinvolved-with-the-extension-of-the-folding-and-the-crinklingof-the-earths-crust-alons-axes-runninp-north-and-south-untilin-time-their-floors-w-image369684722.html
RM2CDCGHP–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . p of islands occupying the position of the equatorialportion of the continent of to-day. The changes whichfollowed were produced by the initial stages in the forma-tion of the great central chain. The areas of ancientdepression in which the Old African sandstones had beendeposited became disturbed and gradually more and moreinvolved with the extension of the folding and the crinklingof the earths crust alons: axes runninp; north and south, untilin time their floors w
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . y an Oolitic fossil genus Purpuroidia, from which it isvery difficult, if not impossible, on conchological grounds,to distinguish it. From these comparisons it will be seenthat we have numerous genera of gastropods belonging tothe halolimnic series of Tanganyika, which are concho-logically indistinguishable from an equal number character-istic of the Oolite seas, and it will certainly be admittedthat in this method of stating the fact we do not, in reality,do justice Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-y-an-oolitic-fossil-genus-purpuroidia-from-which-it-isvery-difficult-if-not-impossible-on-conchological-groundsto-distinguish-it-from-these-comparisons-it-will-be-seenthat-we-have-numerous-genera-of-gastropods-belonging-tothe-halolimnic-series-of-tanganyika-which-are-concho-logically-indistinguishable-from-an-equal-number-character-istic-of-the-oolite-seas-and-it-will-certainly-be-admittedthat-in-this-method-of-stating-the-fact-we-do-not-in-realitydo-justice-image369681443.html
RM2CDCCCK–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . y an Oolitic fossil genus Purpuroidia, from which it isvery difficult, if not impossible, on conchological grounds,to distinguish it. From these comparisons it will be seenthat we have numerous genera of gastropods belonging tothe halolimnic series of Tanganyika, which are concho-logically indistinguishable from an equal number character-istic of the Oolite seas, and it will certainly be admittedthat in this method of stating the fact we do not, in reality,do justice
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . ionablybelong to this series have been found by Cornet on theLualaba and the upper tributaries of the Congo. It may be said, therefore, that there are vast aqueousdeposits in the African interior (the Old African sand-stones), which are of enormous thickness, and whichthere is reason to believe are actually continuous through-out an area as large as the whole Australian continent (seemap, facing p. 75). They occur most extensively to thewest of the Great Central Rang Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-ionablybelong-to-this-series-have-been-found-by-cornet-on-thelualaba-and-the-upper-tributaries-of-the-congo-it-may-be-said-therefore-that-there-are-vast-aqueousdeposits-in-the-african-interior-the-old-african-sand-stones-which-are-of-enormous-thickness-and-whichthere-is-reason-to-believe-are-actually-continuous-through-out-an-area-as-large-as-the-whole-australian-continent-seemap-facing-p-75-they-occur-most-extensively-to-thewest-of-the-great-central-rang-image369684734.html
RM2CDCGJ6–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . ionablybelong to this series have been found by Cornet on theLualaba and the upper tributaries of the Congo. It may be said, therefore, that there are vast aqueousdeposits in the African interior (the Old African sand-stones), which are of enormous thickness, and whichthere is reason to believe are actually continuous through-out an area as large as the whole Australian continent (seemap, facing p. 75). They occur most extensively to thewest of the Great Central Rang
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. I.—Back and front view of the shell of Mclaiiia adiitirabilis—Coxthiiini sitbscalariforme. Missionary Society had put on the lake, and the still emptyshells which were thus obtained were figured and describedby Mr. Edgar Smith in 1881. Smith, like Woodward,drew attention to the extraordinarily niarine aspect ofthese forms, specially pointing out the unique trochiformcharacter of the shell of Liuiiiotrochns, and the almostexact conchological identity which subsis Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-fig-iback-and-front-view-of-the-shell-of-mclaiiia-adiitirabiliscoxthiiini-sitbscalariforme-missionary-society-had-put-on-the-lake-and-the-still-emptyshells-which-were-thus-obtained-were-figured-and-describedby-mr-edgar-smith-in-1881-smith-like-woodwarddrew-attention-to-the-extraordinarily-niarine-aspect-ofthese-forms-specially-pointing-out-the-unique-trochiformcharacter-of-the-shell-of-liuiiiotrochns-and-the-almostexact-conchological-identity-which-subsis-image369683035.html
RM2CDCEDF–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. I.—Back and front view of the shell of Mclaiiia adiitirabilis—Coxthiiini sitbscalariforme. Missionary Society had put on the lake, and the still emptyshells which were thus obtained were figured and describedby Mr. Edgar Smith in 1881. Smith, like Woodward,drew attention to the extraordinarily niarine aspect ofthese forms, specially pointing out the unique trochiformcharacter of the shell of Liuiiiotrochns, and the almostexact conchological identity which subsis
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . he Lubomirskince, the Tanganyikaform would have to be removed from that sub-family as atpresent defined. Consequently, I venture to suggest thatthe sub-family Lubomirskin:e should be abolished and thespecies contained in it placed under the Spongillinae, whichthen could be arranged into a number of genera accordingto the character of their megascleres. THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 123 POTAMOLEPIS WELTNERI, MOORE. With respect to this ctirious form nothing more can at pres Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-he-lubomirskince-the-tanganyikaform-would-have-to-be-removed-from-that-sub-family-as-atpresent-defined-consequently-i-venture-to-suggest-thatthe-sub-family-lubomirskine-should-be-abolished-and-thespecies-contained-in-it-placed-under-the-spongillinae-whichthen-could-be-arranged-into-a-number-of-genera-accordingto-the-character-of-their-megascleres-the-tanganyika-problem-123-potamolepis-weltneri-moore-with-respect-to-this-ctirious-form-nothing-more-can-at-pres-image369681622.html
RM2CDCCK2–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . he Lubomirskince, the Tanganyikaform would have to be removed from that sub-family as atpresent defined. Consequently, I venture to suggest thatthe sub-family Lubomirskin:e should be abolished and thespecies contained in it placed under the Spongillinae, whichthen could be arranged into a number of genera accordingto the character of their megascleres. THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 123 POTAMOLEPIS WELTNERI, MOORE. With respect to this ctirious form nothing more can at pres
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . s, which are distributedto the buccal mass and the parietes of the head. Amongthese there are conspicuous the tentacular nerves, which passseparately to the tentacles and ocular papilla:. The buccalganglia are situated on the lateral walls of the buccal mass,and are united to the cerebral ganglia by connectives. Nearthe origin of the buccal nerves there arise two fine nerves,one from each cerebral ganglion, which pass forward along THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 25s the wal Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-s-which-are-distributedto-the-buccal-mass-and-the-parietes-of-the-head-amongthese-there-are-conspicuous-the-tentacular-nerves-which-passseparately-to-the-tentacles-and-ocular-papilla-the-buccalganglia-are-situated-on-the-lateral-walls-of-the-buccal-massand-are-united-to-the-cerebral-ganglia-by-connectives-nearthe-origin-of-the-buccal-nerves-there-arise-two-fine-nervesone-from-each-cerebral-ganglion-which-pass-forward-along-the-tanganyika-problem-25s-the-wal-image369682391.html
RM2CDCDJF–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . s, which are distributedto the buccal mass and the parietes of the head. Amongthese there are conspicuous the tentacular nerves, which passseparately to the tentacles and ocular papilla:. The buccalganglia are situated on the lateral walls of the buccal mass,and are united to the cerebral ganglia by connectives. Nearthe origin of the buccal nerves there arise two fine nerves,one from each cerebral ganglion, which pass forward along THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 25s the wal
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . upon the steep eastern slopes of theMountains of the Moon themselves. Here, however,the layers of schist, of which the plateau is composed,instead of being broken, as they are along the courseof the depression to the north and south of the range,are bent and piled up upon the steep Hanks of themountains themselves ; and it is only, as we foundat a great height, 12,000 ft. and more, that the layersof steeply uptilted schist come to an q.(. upon theeastern slopes of Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-upon-the-steep-eastern-slopes-of-themountains-of-the-moon-themselves-here-howeverthe-layers-of-schist-of-which-the-plateau-is-composedinstead-of-being-broken-as-they-are-along-the-courseof-the-depression-to-the-north-and-south-of-the-rangeare-bent-and-piled-up-upon-the-steep-hanks-of-themountains-themselves-and-it-is-only-as-we-foundat-a-great-height-12000-ft-and-more-that-the-layersof-steeply-uptilted-schist-come-to-an-q-upon-theeastern-slopes-of-image369684488.html
RM2CDCG9C–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . upon the steep eastern slopes of theMountains of the Moon themselves. Here, however,the layers of schist, of which the plateau is composed,instead of being broken, as they are along the courseof the depression to the north and south of the range,are bent and piled up upon the steep Hanks of themountains themselves ; and it is only, as we foundat a great height, 12,000 ft. and more, that the layersof steeply uptilted schist come to an q.(. upon theeastern slopes of
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . ly flow fromthe eastern scarps, and in some of these cuttings, whichwere at times from 80 to 90 feet deep, older stratifiedmaterials were exposed. These strata were composed ofbrown and yellow sandstones, with a slight dip to the south,and embedded in them there were apparent numerousfossilised remains. Examination of these showed that theyconsisted chiefly of the fragments of shells, but I obtaineda number of fairly preserved specimens, and these un-questionably bel Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-ly-flow-fromthe-eastern-scarps-and-in-some-of-these-cuttings-whichwere-at-times-from-80-to-90-feet-deep-older-stratifiedmaterials-were-exposed-these-strata-were-composed-ofbrown-and-yellow-sandstones-with-a-slight-dip-to-the-southand-embedded-in-them-there-were-apparent-numerousfossilised-remains-examination-of-these-showed-that-theyconsisted-chiefly-of-the-fragments-of-shells-but-i-obtaineda-number-of-fairly-preserved-specimens-and-these-un-questionably-bel-image369684629.html
RM2CDCGED–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . ly flow fromthe eastern scarps, and in some of these cuttings, whichwere at times from 80 to 90 feet deep, older stratifiedmaterials were exposed. These strata were composed ofbrown and yellow sandstones, with a slight dip to the south,and embedded in them there were apparent numerousfossilised remains. Examination of these showed that theyconsisted chiefly of the fragments of shells, but I obtaineda number of fairly preserved specimens, and these un-questionably bel
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . s obtained ; but during the second, fivespecimens in good condition were dredged, not, however,without much trouble and in the southern portion of thelake. As in the case of Cliytra, the anatomical materialobtained was examined by Miss Digby, from whoseresults I have condensed the following description. The tentacles are shorter than in Chytra, and the snoutand body more pigmented. Tiie snout is short, and thebuccal mass much farther back than in CJiytra. The oper-cu Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-s-obtained-but-during-the-second-fivespecimens-in-good-condition-were-dredged-not-howeverwithout-much-trouble-and-in-the-southern-portion-of-thelake-as-in-the-case-of-cliytra-the-anatomical-materialobtained-was-examined-by-miss-digby-from-whoseresults-i-have-condensed-the-following-description-the-tentacles-are-shorter-than-in-chytra-and-the-snoutand-body-more-pigmented-tiie-snout-is-short-and-thebuccal-mass-much-farther-back-than-in-cjiytra-the-oper-cu-image369682647.html
RM2CDCDYK–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . s obtained ; but during the second, fivespecimens in good condition were dredged, not, however,without much trouble and in the southern portion of thelake. As in the case of Cliytra, the anatomical materialobtained was examined by Miss Digby, from whoseresults I have condensed the following description. The tentacles are shorter than in Chytra, and the snoutand body more pigmented. Tiie snout is short, and thebuccal mass much farther back than in CJiytra. The oper-cu
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . ed in about twenty fathoms of wateroff the east coast, and upon the surface of which there wasvisible a cellular incrustation, looking, under a lens, verylike a Fhistra colony, but somewhat more irregular. More-over it would be seen that the tubes of the cells were pro-longed outwards and of considerable length. The colonycovered about a square inch of the shell, and upon othersthere were subsequently found smaller colonies and indi-vidual groups of two or three cell Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-ed-in-about-twenty-fathoms-of-wateroff-the-east-coast-and-upon-the-surface-of-which-there-wasvisible-a-cellular-incrustation-looking-under-a-lens-verylike-a-fhistra-colony-but-somewhat-more-irregular-more-over-it-would-be-seen-that-the-tubes-of-the-cells-were-pro-longed-outwards-and-of-considerable-length-the-colonycovered-about-a-square-inch-of-the-shell-and-upon-othersthere-were-subsequently-found-smaller-colonies-and-indi-vidual-groups-of-two-or-three-cell-image369681998.html
RM2CDCD4E–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . ed in about twenty fathoms of wateroff the east coast, and upon the surface of which there wasvisible a cellular incrustation, looking, under a lens, verylike a Fhistra colony, but somewhat more irregular. More-over it would be seen that the tubes of the cells were pro-longed outwards and of considerable length. The colonycovered about a square inch of the shell, and upon othersthere were subsequently found smaller colonies and indi-vidual groups of two or three cell
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . ped spiral caecum. The intestine leaves the stomach on the right, and aftercharacteristically twisting twice round the style sac, passesdirectly away through the mantle cavity to the anus. Thekidney is large, lying below and around the heart, andopens by a minute aperture at the upper angle of themantle cavity, the heart itself having the normal Trenio-glossate characters. THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 237 The reproductive apparatus oi Lunnotrochus is similar tothat of Typ Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-ped-spiral-caecum-the-intestine-leaves-the-stomach-on-the-right-and-aftercharacteristically-twisting-twice-round-the-style-sac-passesdirectly-away-through-the-mantle-cavity-to-the-anus-thekidney-is-large-lying-below-and-around-the-heart-andopens-by-a-minute-aperture-at-the-upper-angle-of-themantle-cavity-the-heart-itself-having-the-normal-trenio-glossate-characters-the-tanganyika-problem-237-the-reproductive-apparatus-oi-lunnotrochus-is-similar-tothat-of-typ-image369682703.html
RM2CDCE1K–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . ped spiral caecum. The intestine leaves the stomach on the right, and aftercharacteristically twisting twice round the style sac, passesdirectly away through the mantle cavity to the anus. Thekidney is large, lying below and around the heart, andopens by a minute aperture at the upper angle of themantle cavity, the heart itself having the normal Trenio-glossate characters. THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 237 The reproductive apparatus oi Lunnotrochus is similar tothat of Typ
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . e less upraised sheets ofsandstone bear, as I have said, above them lake depositsof white chalky limestone, in which there are to be foundthe remains of the molluscs which now live in Nyassa. Butbetween Karono-a and Fort Hill there are encountered,resting unconformably on the old tilted red sandstones,masses of grey and blue stratified rock which are obviouslyof a different date and origin, and it was in these thatDrummond found the remains of ganoid fish. Theseremai Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-e-less-upraised-sheets-ofsandstone-bear-as-i-have-said-above-them-lake-depositsof-white-chalky-limestone-in-which-there-are-to-be-foundthe-remains-of-the-molluscs-which-now-live-in-nyassa-butbetween-karono-a-and-fort-hill-there-are-encounteredresting-unconformably-on-the-old-tilted-red-sandstonesmasses-of-grey-and-blue-stratified-rock-which-are-obviouslyof-a-different-date-and-origin-and-it-was-in-these-thatdrummond-found-the-remains-of-ganoid-fish-theseremai-image369684707.html
RM2CDCGH7–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . e less upraised sheets ofsandstone bear, as I have said, above them lake depositsof white chalky limestone, in which there are to be foundthe remains of the molluscs which now live in Nyassa. Butbetween Karono-a and Fort Hill there are encountered,resting unconformably on the old tilted red sandstones,masses of grey and blue stratified rock which are obviouslyof a different date and origin, and it was in these thatDrummond found the remains of ganoid fish. Theseremai
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . so much in the nature of the com-parison as in the number of corresponding points betweenthe two faunae, that the importance of the above comparisonwill in reality be found to lie. We could, of course, regardit as not unlikely that one shell in a great lake like Tan-ganyika might have become modified so as to re-peat theshell form of a gastropod belonging to the Jurassic seas, and THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 353 we could still regard it as a somewhat surprising coinciden Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-so-much-in-the-nature-of-the-com-parison-as-in-the-number-of-corresponding-points-betweenthe-two-faunae-that-the-importance-of-the-above-comparisonwill-in-reality-be-found-to-lie-we-could-of-course-regardit-as-not-unlikely-that-one-shell-in-a-great-lake-like-tan-ganyika-might-have-become-modified-so-as-to-re-peat-theshell-form-of-a-gastropod-belonging-to-the-jurassic-seas-and-the-tanganyika-problem-353-we-could-still-regard-it-as-a-somewhat-surprising-coinciden-image369681435.html
RM2CDCCCB–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . so much in the nature of the com-parison as in the number of corresponding points betweenthe two faunae, that the importance of the above comparisonwill in reality be found to lie. We could, of course, regardit as not unlikely that one shell in a great lake like Tan-ganyika might have become modified so as to re-peat theshell form of a gastropod belonging to the Jurassic seas, and THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 353 we could still regard it as a somewhat surprising coinciden
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . tly indebted toMr. Hudleston, who allowed me to examine and havedrawings made of the suitable specimens contained in hisunique collection of Jurassic forms. From this collection,and from that contained in the British Museum, it waspossible to find types which correspond often in a specificsense with the shells of the living halolimnic group. Andin order that the reader may fully appreciate the nature ofthis comparison, I have reviewed in sequence the differentcorresp Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-tly-indebted-tomr-hudleston-who-allowed-me-to-examine-and-havedrawings-made-of-the-suitable-specimens-contained-in-hisunique-collection-of-jurassic-forms-from-this-collectionand-from-that-contained-in-the-british-museum-it-waspossible-to-find-types-which-correspond-often-in-a-specificsense-with-the-shells-of-the-living-halolimnic-group-andin-order-that-the-reader-may-fully-appreciate-the-nature-ofthis-comparison-i-have-reviewed-in-sequence-the-differentcorresp-image369681604.html
RM2CDCCJC–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . tly indebted toMr. Hudleston, who allowed me to examine and havedrawings made of the suitable specimens contained in hisunique collection of Jurassic forms. From this collection,and from that contained in the British Museum, it waspossible to find types which correspond often in a specificsense with the shells of the living halolimnic group. Andin order that the reader may fully appreciate the nature ofthis comparison, I have reviewed in sequence the differentcorresp
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . able spots which have yet tobe discovered, would reveal in their deeper portions animalremains which differ from those now inhabiting the Africanlakes and plains. There is no reason why such Hats asthese occurring in the Shiri highlands should not containzoological remains as different from the existing fauna,and as full of interest, as the remains recently obtainedfrom the very similar fiats in Madagascar by Mr. ForsythMajor, and more recently from Fayum by Mr. Andr Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-able-spots-which-have-yet-tobe-discovered-would-reveal-in-their-deeper-portions-animalremains-which-differ-from-those-now-inhabiting-the-africanlakes-and-plains-there-is-no-reason-why-such-hats-asthese-occurring-in-the-shiri-highlands-should-not-containzoological-remains-as-different-from-the-existing-faunaand-as-full-of-interest-as-the-remains-recently-obtainedfrom-the-very-similar-fiats-in-madagascar-by-mr-forsythmajor-and-more-recently-from-fayum-by-mr-andr-image369684848.html
RM2CDCGP8–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . able spots which have yet tobe discovered, would reveal in their deeper portions animalremains which differ from those now inhabiting the Africanlakes and plains. There is no reason why such Hats asthese occurring in the Shiri highlands should not containzoological remains as different from the existing fauna,and as full of interest, as the remains recently obtainedfrom the very similar fiats in Madagascar by Mr. ForsythMajor, and more recently from Fayum by Mr. Andr
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . )2>-—Shell of Nassopsis tiassa. very limited area, like the Patellas of the ocean beach.The foot is broad, somewhat pigmented, and quite white inplaces ; the snout is broad, black, and wrinkled, not pro-trusible, but retractile. The tentacles are short and black,and the eyes are not carried on the tentacles themselves, buton secondary papilla; at their posterior bases. There is awell-developed mucous gland in the mantle cavity, and theanimal, unlike the genus Spek Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-2gt-shell-of-nassopsis-tiassa-very-limited-area-like-the-patellas-of-the-ocean-beachthe-foot-is-broad-somewhat-pigmented-and-quite-white-inplaces-the-snout-is-broad-black-and-wrinkled-not-pro-trusible-but-retractile-the-tentacles-are-short-and-blackand-the-eyes-are-not-carried-on-the-tentacles-themselves-buton-secondary-papilla-at-their-posterior-bases-there-is-awell-developed-mucous-gland-in-the-mantle-cavity-and-theanimal-unlike-the-genus-spek-image369682441.html
RM2CDCDM9–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . )2>-—Shell of Nassopsis tiassa. very limited area, like the Patellas of the ocean beach.The foot is broad, somewhat pigmented, and quite white inplaces ; the snout is broad, black, and wrinkled, not pro-trusible, but retractile. The tentacles are short and black,and the eyes are not carried on the tentacles themselves, buton secondary papilla; at their posterior bases. There is awell-developed mucous gland in the mantle cavity, and theanimal, unlike the genus Spek
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 21.—Bylhoccras iridesccns. The shell front and hack (X ). forms. In the young condition the shell is extremelysimilar to that of Parainelania^ and I am inclined tothink that the figure of Paratnelania crassilabris, givenby Professor E. von Martens in his work, BeschalteWeichthiere, Deutsch Ost-Afrikas (PI. VI. Fig. 38), is,in reality, that of a young BytJioceras iridescens. The outward appearance of the animal is extremelysimilar to that of CcrithiuDi zmlgatiDi Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-fig-21bylhoccras-iridesccns-the-shell-front-and-hack-x-forms-in-the-young-condition-the-shell-is-extremelysimilar-to-that-of-parainelania-and-i-am-inclined-tothink-that-the-figure-of-paratnelania-crassilabris-givenby-professor-e-von-martens-in-his-work-beschalteweichthiere-deutsch-ost-afrikas-pi-vi-fig-38-isin-reality-that-of-a-young-bytjioceras-iridescens-the-outward-appearance-of-the-animal-is-extremelysimilar-to-that-of-ccrithiudi-zmlgatidi-image369682701.html
RM2CDCE1H–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 21.—Bylhoccras iridesccns. The shell front and hack (X ). forms. In the young condition the shell is extremelysimilar to that of Parainelania^ and I am inclined tothink that the figure of Paratnelania crassilabris, givenby Professor E. von Martens in his work, BeschalteWeichthiere, Deutsch Ost-Afrikas (PI. VI. Fig. 38), is,in reality, that of a young BytJioceras iridescens. The outward appearance of the animal is extremelysimilar to that of CcrithiuDi zmlgatiDi
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . < z<oz< hw . Julidochromis ornatus. See p. 176. millim. in diameter. The stomach contains a small partially digested fish of thegenus Paratilapia, as first ascertained by a sciagraph kindly prepared by Messrs.Gardiner and Green, through which it was possible to compare the structure of thevertebral column, with that of other members of the family Cichlida;. Theinsertion of the ribs is typical, viz., sessile, except on the last three prrecaudal ^^ .. ^ 10^ Pa Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-lt-zltozlt-hw-julidochromis-ornatus-see-p-176-millim-in-diameter-the-stomach-contains-a-small-partially-digested-fish-of-thegenus-paratilapia-as-first-ascertained-by-a-sciagraph-kindly-prepared-by-messrsgardiner-and-green-through-which-it-was-possible-to-compare-the-structure-of-thevertebral-column-with-that-of-other-members-of-the-family-cichlida-theinsertion-of-the-ribs-is-typical-viz-sessile-except-on-the-last-three-prrecaudal-10-pa-image369683810.html
RM2CDCFD6–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . < z<oz< hw . Julidochromis ornatus. See p. 176. millim. in diameter. The stomach contains a small partially digested fish of thegenus Paratilapia, as first ascertained by a sciagraph kindly prepared by Messrs.Gardiner and Green, through which it was possible to compare the structure of thevertebral column, with that of other members of the family Cichlida;. Theinsertion of the ribs is typical, viz., sessile, except on the last three prrecaudal ^^ .. ^ 10^ Pa
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . with the left pleuralby the commissure. The nervous system is therefore com-pletely zygoneurous on the left. From the left pleuralganglion a nerve cord passes almost parallel to and belowthe supra-intestinal commissure to a ganglionic enlargementwhich represents the sub-intestinal ganglion on the right.This ganglion is in direct connection with the right pleuralganglion by short connective. The nervous system istherefore completely zygoneurous on both sides. All thes Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-with-the-left-pleuralby-the-commissure-the-nervous-system-is-therefore-com-pletely-zygoneurous-on-the-left-from-the-left-pleuralganglion-a-nerve-cord-passes-almost-parallel-to-and-belowthe-supra-intestinal-commissure-to-a-ganglionic-enlargementwhich-represents-the-sub-intestinal-ganglion-on-the-rightthis-ganglion-is-in-direct-connection-with-the-right-pleuralganglion-by-short-connective-the-nervous-system-istherefore-completely-zygoneurous-on-both-sides-all-thes-image369682221.html
RM2CDCDCD–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . with the left pleuralby the commissure. The nervous system is therefore com-pletely zygoneurous on the left. From the left pleuralganglion a nerve cord passes almost parallel to and belowthe supra-intestinal commissure to a ganglionic enlargementwhich represents the sub-intestinal ganglion on the right.This ganglion is in direct connection with the right pleuralganglion by short connective. The nervous system istherefore completely zygoneurous on both sides. All thes
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 7.—Part of the mantle cavity of Typhobiahorei, showing the rectum (A) and the genitalduct in the male (^.a.). like, and are connected together by some ladder-likeconnections. The otocysts (Fig. 6) are large, andthe otocyst nerves very short ; the otocysts being, inconsequence, very high up in the head. The otolithsare numerous and each shajjed like a barrel. InTyphobia, as in CeritJiiiini and Vcvnictiis, the subin-testinal ganglion has become approximated to the Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-fig-7part-of-the-mantle-cavity-of-typhobiahorei-showing-the-rectum-a-and-the-genitalduct-in-the-male-a-like-and-are-connected-together-by-some-ladder-likeconnections-the-otocysts-fig-6-are-large-andthe-otocyst-nerves-very-short-the-otocysts-being-inconsequence-very-high-up-in-the-head-the-otolithsare-numerous-and-each-shajjed-like-a-barrel-intyphobia-as-in-ceritjiiiini-and-vcvnictiis-the-subin-testinal-ganglion-has-become-approximated-to-the-image369682883.html
RM2CDCE83–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 7.—Part of the mantle cavity of Typhobiahorei, showing the rectum (A) and the genitalduct in the male (^.a.). like, and are connected together by some ladder-likeconnections. The otocysts (Fig. 6) are large, andthe otocyst nerves very short ; the otocysts being, inconsequence, very high up in the head. The otolithsare numerous and each shajjed like a barrel. InTyphobia, as in CeritJiiiini and Vcvnictiis, the subin-testinal ganglion has become approximated to the
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Two varieties of Aniherlcya, upper, compared with Bathaiialia howcsi, lower. Among the Jurassic fossil gastropods there are a numberof forms v^hich are typified by the so-called Litto7iua sulcata,and if the figures of the two specimens of this form givenon p. 349, lower, be compared with the back and front viewof the shell of LininotvocJiiis tJionisoni from Tanganyikagiven on the same page, it will be realised how closely the THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 349 living and th Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-two-varieties-of-aniherlcya-upper-compared-with-bathaiialia-howcsi-lower-among-the-jurassic-fossil-gastropods-there-are-a-numberof-forms-vhich-are-typified-by-the-so-called-litto7iua-sulcataand-if-the-figures-of-the-two-specimens-of-this-form-givenon-p-349-lower-be-compared-with-the-back-and-front-viewof-the-shell-of-lininotvocjiiis-tjionisoni-from-tanganyikagiven-on-the-same-page-it-will-be-realised-how-closely-the-the-tanganyika-problem-349-living-and-th-image369681468.html
RM2CDCCDG–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Two varieties of Aniherlcya, upper, compared with Bathaiialia howcsi, lower. Among the Jurassic fossil gastropods there are a numberof forms v^hich are typified by the so-called Litto7iua sulcata,and if the figures of the two specimens of this form givenon p. 349, lower, be compared with the back and front viewof the shell of LininotvocJiiis tJionisoni from Tanganyikagiven on the same page, it will be realised how closely the THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 349 living and th
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . do-derm. final stages of their evolution seems to be the same asthat witnessed in the case of the sessile buds. Returning now to the consideration of the life-history ofLhnnocnida, it has been seen that at the end of the wetseason, that is in March, there are a few adult medus^t^ inthe lake which are only to be found with great difficulty.Such individuals begin about this time to bud, asexually, inthe manner I have just described, and the buds thus formed,themselves Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-do-derm-final-stages-of-their-evolution-seems-to-be-the-same-asthat-witnessed-in-the-case-of-the-sessile-buds-returning-now-to-the-consideration-of-the-life-history-oflhnnocnida-it-has-been-seen-that-at-the-end-of-the-wetseason-that-is-in-march-there-are-a-few-adult-medust-inthe-lake-which-are-only-to-be-found-with-great-difficultysuch-individuals-begin-about-this-time-to-bud-asexually-inthe-manner-i-have-just-described-and-the-buds-thus-formedthemselves-image369681959.html
RM2CDCD33–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . do-derm. final stages of their evolution seems to be the same asthat witnessed in the case of the sessile buds. Returning now to the consideration of the life-history ofLhnnocnida, it has been seen that at the end of the wetseason, that is in March, there are a few adult medus^t^ inthe lake which are only to be found with great difficulty.Such individuals begin about this time to bud, asexually, inthe manner I have just described, and the buds thus formed,themselves
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 12.—Living animals of Chytra kirkii. Jurassic Xenophoridse. On this account I separated kirkiifrom LininotrocJnis altogether and placed it in the newgenus Chytra. The investigation of the anatomy of CJiytra * Miss L. Digby, Journal of the Linnean Society, 1902. 230 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. kirk a by Miss Digby has fully confirmed the necessityfor such a change, as the following account of her resultswill show. The shell of Chytra kivkii (Fig. 11) is remarkablysol Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-fig-12living-animals-of-chytra-kirkii-jurassic-xenophoridse-on-this-account-i-separated-kirkiifrom-lininotrocjnis-altogether-and-placed-it-in-the-newgenus-chytra-the-investigation-of-the-anatomy-of-cjiytra-miss-l-digby-journal-of-the-linnean-society-1902-230-the-tanganyika-problem-kirk-a-by-miss-digby-has-fully-confirmed-the-necessityfor-such-a-change-as-the-following-account-of-her-resultswill-show-the-shell-of-chytra-kivkii-fig-11-is-remarkablysol-image369682814.html
RM2CDCE5J–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 12.—Living animals of Chytra kirkii. Jurassic Xenophoridse. On this account I separated kirkiifrom LininotrocJnis altogether and placed it in the newgenus Chytra. The investigation of the anatomy of CJiytra * Miss L. Digby, Journal of the Linnean Society, 1902. 230 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. kirk a by Miss Digby has fully confirmed the necessityfor such a change, as the following account of her resultswill show. The shell of Chytra kivkii (Fig. 11) is remarkablysol
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 27.—Shell of Paranielania damoni (+ ^). the intestine, in the possession of an anterior stomachicchamber and a crystalline style, Paranielania is in allrespects similar to Typhobia, but like Limnotrochus andChytra it does not appear to be viviparous. p. CRASSIGRANULATA, SMITH. This form is in all respects closely similar in thestructure of its soft parts, shell, operculum and radula, toP. damoni. (See Figs. 25 and 26.) 246 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. TANCANVKIA, CRO Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-fig-27shell-of-paranielania-damoni-the-intestine-in-the-possession-of-an-anterior-stomachicchamber-and-a-crystalline-style-paranielania-is-in-allrespects-similar-to-typhobia-but-like-limnotrochus-andchytra-it-does-not-appear-to-be-viviparous-p-crassigranulata-smith-this-form-is-in-all-respects-closely-similar-in-thestructure-of-its-soft-parts-shell-operculum-and-radula-top-damoni-see-figs-25-and-26-246-the-tanganyika-problem-tancanvkia-cro-image369682528.html
RM2CDCDRC–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 27.—Shell of Paranielania damoni (+ ^). the intestine, in the possession of an anterior stomachicchamber and a crystalline style, Paranielania is in allrespects similar to Typhobia, but like Limnotrochus andChytra it does not appear to be viviparous. p. CRASSIGRANULATA, SMITH. This form is in all respects closely similar in thestructure of its soft parts, shell, operculum and radula, toP. damoni. (See Figs. 25 and 26.) 246 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. TANCANVKIA, CRO
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 6.—Section of one of the otocysts ofTyphobia horei ( X 206). constriction which separates the two stomachic chambersone from another, the walls of the anterior chamber arefound to be very thick, and the chamber itself containsa long, clear, transparent body, loose In the cavity, theso-called crystalline style. The kidney is situated be-hind and around the heart, and the digestive glandoccupies the greater part of the space in the upper coilsof the body. The hear Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-fig-6section-of-one-of-the-otocysts-oftyphobia-horei-x-206-constriction-which-separates-the-two-stomachic-chambersone-from-another-the-walls-of-the-anterior-chamber-arefound-to-be-very-thick-and-the-chamber-itself-containsa-long-clear-transparent-body-loose-in-the-cavity-theso-called-crystalline-style-the-kidney-is-situated-be-hind-and-around-the-heart-and-the-digestive-glandoccupies-the-greater-part-of-the-space-in-the-upper-coilsof-the-body-the-hear-image369682890.html
RM2CDCE8A–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 6.—Section of one of the otocysts ofTyphobia horei ( X 206). constriction which separates the two stomachic chambersone from another, the walls of the anterior chamber arefound to be very thick, and the chamber itself containsa long, clear, transparent body, loose In the cavity, theso-called crystalline style. The kidney is situated be-hind and around the heart, and the digestive glandoccupies the greater part of the space in the upper coilsof the body. The hear
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . or May, 1902 ; and if the statements contained in this are comparedwith Sir H. Johnstons account of his later visit to the mountains, published in thejournal of the Royal Geographical .Society, it will probably become apparent that myappreciation of a literary capacity in .Sir Harrys method of treating matters of factwas not misplaced. io6 THE TANGAXYIKA rROIilJlM. A fairly reliable method is, however, afforded by a study ofdistant photographs of the range, now that Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-or-may-1902-and-if-the-statements-contained-in-this-are-comparedwith-sir-h-johnstons-account-of-his-later-visit-to-the-mountains-published-in-thejournal-of-the-royal-geographical-society-it-will-probably-become-apparent-that-myappreciation-of-a-literary-capacity-in-sir-harrys-method-of-treating-matters-of-factwas-not-misplaced-io6-the-tangaxyika-rroiiljlm-a-fairly-reliable-method-is-however-afforded-by-a-study-ofdistant-photographs-of-the-range-now-that-image369684301.html
RM2CDCG2N–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . or May, 1902 ; and if the statements contained in this are comparedwith Sir H. Johnstons account of his later visit to the mountains, published in thejournal of the Royal Geographical .Society, it will probably become apparent that myappreciation of a literary capacity in .Sir Harrys method of treating matters of factwas not misplaced. io6 THE TANGAXYIKA rROIilJlM. A fairly reliable method is, however, afforded by a study ofdistant photographs of the range, now that
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . PRINTED BY KELLYS DIRECTORIES LTD. LOKDON AND KINGSTON. PREFACE. In completing the present account of the researches which wereundertaken during the two Tanganyika expeditions, I am somewhatoppressed with the possibility that the unique opportunities andmaterial available may not have received the justice they wouldhave done in the hands of many naturalists who have more ex-perience than I am old enough to possess. We were actually thelast zoological explorers with a Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-printed-by-kellys-directories-ltd-lokdon-and-kingston-preface-in-completing-the-present-account-of-the-researches-which-wereundertaken-during-the-two-tanganyika-expeditions-i-am-somewhatoppressed-with-the-possibility-that-the-unique-opportunities-andmaterial-available-may-not-have-received-the-justice-they-wouldhave-done-in-the-hands-of-many-naturalists-who-have-more-ex-perience-than-i-am-old-enough-to-possess-we-were-actually-thelast-zoological-explorers-with-a-image369685214.html
RM2CDCH7A–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . PRINTED BY KELLYS DIRECTORIES LTD. LOKDON AND KINGSTON. PREFACE. In completing the present account of the researches which wereundertaken during the two Tanganyika expeditions, I am somewhatoppressed with the possibility that the unique opportunities andmaterial available may not have received the justice they wouldhave done in the hands of many naturalists who have more ex-perience than I am old enough to possess. We were actually thelast zoological explorers with a
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . e outer and inner lateralteeth. Perhaps, however, the most notable feature whichthe radula presents is the peculiar structure of the mediantooth. The outer surface of this tooth is concave, like themedian tooth in Anchylotus, T/iiara, Melania brevis (Dorb.),and Melanopsis. But it differs from all these forms inhaving no predominant median denticle, there being insteadtwo lateral predominant denticles and a median concavity.The only forms which appear to possess this Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-e-outer-and-inner-lateralteeth-perhaps-however-the-most-notable-feature-whichthe-radula-presents-is-the-peculiar-structure-of-the-mediantooth-the-outer-surface-of-this-tooth-is-concave-like-themedian-tooth-in-anchylotus-tiiara-melania-brevis-dorband-melanopsis-but-it-differs-from-all-these-forms-inhaving-no-predominant-median-denticle-there-being-insteadtwo-lateral-predominant-denticles-and-a-median-concavitythe-only-forms-which-appear-to-possess-this-image369682368.html
RM2CDCDHM–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . e outer and inner lateralteeth. Perhaps, however, the most notable feature whichthe radula presents is the peculiar structure of the mediantooth. The outer surface of this tooth is concave, like themedian tooth in Anchylotus, T/iiara, Melania brevis (Dorb.),and Melanopsis. But it differs from all these forms inhaving no predominant median denticle, there being insteadtwo lateral predominant denticles and a median concavity.The only forms which appear to possess this
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 21.—Bylhoccras iridesccns. The shell front and hack (X ). forms. In the young condition the shell is extremelysimilar to that of Parainelania^ and I am inclined tothink that the figure of Paratnelania crassilabris, givenby Professor E. von Martens in his work, BeschalteWeichthiere, Deutsch Ost-Afrikas (PI. VI. Fig. 38), is,in reality, that of a young BytJioceras iridescens. The outward appearance of the animal is extremelysimilar to that of CcrithiuDi zmlgatiDi Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-fig-21bylhoccras-iridesccns-the-shell-front-and-hack-x-forms-in-the-young-condition-the-shell-is-extremelysimilar-to-that-of-parainelania-and-i-am-inclined-tothink-that-the-figure-of-paratnelania-crassilabris-givenby-professor-e-von-martens-in-his-work-beschalteweichthiere-deutsch-ost-afrikas-pi-vi-fig-38-isin-reality-that-of-a-young-bytjioceras-iridescens-the-outward-appearance-of-the-animal-is-extremelysimilar-to-that-of-ccrithiudi-zmlgatidi-image369682636.html
RM2CDCDY8–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 21.—Bylhoccras iridesccns. The shell front and hack (X ). forms. In the young condition the shell is extremelysimilar to that of Parainelania^ and I am inclined tothink that the figure of Paratnelania crassilabris, givenby Professor E. von Martens in his work, BeschalteWeichthiere, Deutsch Ost-Afrikas (PI. VI. Fig. 38), is,in reality, that of a young BytJioceras iridescens. The outward appearance of the animal is extremelysimilar to that of CcrithiuDi zmlgatiDi
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . te,more rarely trochoid, rather thin, imperforate or nearly so ;sub-elongate, frequently turreted ; sutural space wide ;ornamented with spiral bands, usually spinulous or nodular,some of which are prominent. The interspaces are finelystriated, the striEe being slightly oblique to the axis.Sometimes these fine lines are strong enough to representfine axial ribs. Base rounded, spirally ribbed and markedby fine radial striae ; aperture sub-oval, but varyingaccording to Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-temore-rarely-trochoid-rather-thin-imperforate-or-nearly-so-sub-elongate-frequently-turreted-sutural-space-wide-ornamented-with-spiral-bands-usually-spinulous-or-nodularsome-of-which-are-prominent-the-interspaces-are-finelystriated-the-striee-being-slightly-oblique-to-the-axissometimes-these-fine-lines-are-strong-enough-to-representfine-axial-ribs-base-rounded-spirally-ribbed-and-markedby-fine-radial-striae-aperture-sub-oval-but-varyingaccording-to-image369681592.html
RM2CDCCJ0–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . te,more rarely trochoid, rather thin, imperforate or nearly so ;sub-elongate, frequently turreted ; sutural space wide ;ornamented with spiral bands, usually spinulous or nodular,some of which are prominent. The interspaces are finelystriated, the striEe being slightly oblique to the axis.Sometimes these fine lines are strong enough to representfine axial ribs. Base rounded, spirally ribbed and markedby fine radial striae ; aperture sub-oval, but varyingaccording to
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . f^g- })2>-—Shell of Nassopsis tiassa. very limited area, like the Patellas of the ocean beach.The foot is broad, somewhat pigmented, and quite white inplaces ; the snout is broad, black, and wrinkled, not pro-trusible, but retractile. The tentacles are short and black,and the eyes are not carried on the tentacles themselves, buton secondary papilla; at their posterior bases. There is awell-developed mucous gland in the mantle cavity, and theanimal, unlike the genu Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-fg-2gt-shell-of-nassopsis-tiassa-very-limited-area-like-the-patellas-of-the-ocean-beachthe-foot-is-broad-somewhat-pigmented-and-quite-white-inplaces-the-snout-is-broad-black-and-wrinkled-not-pro-trusible-but-retractile-the-tentacles-are-short-and-blackand-the-eyes-are-not-carried-on-the-tentacles-themselves-buton-secondary-papilla-at-their-posterior-bases-there-is-awell-developed-mucous-gland-in-the-mantle-cavity-and-theanimal-unlike-the-genu-image369682515.html
RM2CDCDPY–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . f^g- })2>-—Shell of Nassopsis tiassa. very limited area, like the Patellas of the ocean beach.The foot is broad, somewhat pigmented, and quite white inplaces ; the snout is broad, black, and wrinkled, not pro-trusible, but retractile. The tentacles are short and black,and the eyes are not carried on the tentacles themselves, buton secondary papilla; at their posterior bases. There is awell-developed mucous gland in the mantle cavity, and theanimal, unlike the genu
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . e easternside of the Semliki river, the crinkling and uprising hasbeen so violent that the lower rock masses underlying theVictoria Nyanza plateau have been forced through it, justas if the igneous base, upon which the sandstones of MountWaller rest, was to be forced up and up, until it tiltedthe sandstones on both sides of it, and, finally, toweredabove these old aqueous deposits in ridges of intrusiveigneous matter, 15,000 ft. to 16,000 ft. in height. I do notthink Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-e-easternside-of-the-semliki-river-the-crinkling-and-uprising-hasbeen-so-violent-that-the-lower-rock-masses-underlying-thevictoria-nyanza-plateau-have-been-forced-through-it-justas-if-the-igneous-base-upon-which-the-sandstones-of-mountwaller-rest-was-to-be-forced-up-and-up-until-it-tiltedthe-sandstones-on-both-sides-of-it-and-finally-toweredabove-these-old-aqueous-deposits-in-ridges-of-intrusiveigneous-matter-15000-ft-to-16000-ft-in-height-i-do-notthink-image369684427.html
RM2CDCG77–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . e easternside of the Semliki river, the crinkling and uprising hasbeen so violent that the lower rock masses underlying theVictoria Nyanza plateau have been forced through it, justas if the igneous base, upon which the sandstones of MountWaller rest, was to be forced up and up, until it tiltedthe sandstones on both sides of it, and, finally, toweredabove these old aqueous deposits in ridges of intrusiveigneous matter, 15,000 ft. to 16,000 ft. in height. I do notthink
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Mfunbiro Mountains, Kilima-Njaro, Kenia, andinnumerable smaller volcanoes, some active, some extinct,but always in their position more or less closely doggingthe course of the Great African Range. The processes ofelevation which find their maximum expression in the Alpsand the Pyrenees have affected wide areas, especially tothe north of these heights, and so also in Africa we find thatthe great tendency towards elevation along an axis runningnorth and south through t Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-mfunbiro-mountains-kilima-njaro-kenia-andinnumerable-smaller-volcanoes-some-active-some-extinctbut-always-in-their-position-more-or-less-closely-doggingthe-course-of-the-great-african-range-the-processes-ofelevation-which-find-their-maximum-expression-in-the-alpsand-the-pyrenees-have-affected-wide-areas-especially-tothe-north-of-these-heights-and-so-also-in-africa-we-find-thatthe-great-tendency-towards-elevation-along-an-axis-runningnorth-and-south-through-t-image369685169.html
RM2CDCH5N–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Mfunbiro Mountains, Kilima-Njaro, Kenia, andinnumerable smaller volcanoes, some active, some extinct,but always in their position more or less closely doggingthe course of the Great African Range. The processes ofelevation which find their maximum expression in the Alpsand the Pyrenees have affected wide areas, especially tothe north of these heights, and so also in Africa we find thatthe great tendency towards elevation along an axis runningnorth and south through t
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Paramelania danioni, upper figure, compared with Pitrpiirina bellona, lower,a marine Jurassic fossil. of Paramelania damoni of Tanganyika, and the livingform has been represented side by side with the Jurassicfossil in the above figure. In this, as in other cases, Iconsulted Mr. Edgar Smith with respect to the value ofsuch a comparison in a conchological sense, and he assuredme that, even within a specific range, there is no validconchological distinction between the Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-paramelania-danioni-upper-figure-compared-with-pitrpiirina-bellona-lowera-marine-jurassic-fossil-of-paramelania-damoni-of-tanganyika-and-the-livingform-has-been-represented-side-by-side-with-the-jurassicfossil-in-the-above-figure-in-this-as-in-other-cases-iconsulted-mr-edgar-smith-with-respect-to-the-value-ofsuch-a-comparison-in-a-conchological-sense-and-he-assuredme-that-even-within-a-specific-range-there-is-no-validconchological-distinction-between-the-image369681612.html
RM2CDCCJM–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Paramelania danioni, upper figure, compared with Pitrpiirina bellona, lower,a marine Jurassic fossil. of Paramelania damoni of Tanganyika, and the livingform has been represented side by side with the Jurassicfossil in the above figure. In this, as in other cases, Iconsulted Mr. Edgar Smith with respect to the value ofsuch a comparison in a conchological sense, and he assuredme that, even within a specific range, there is no validconchological distinction between the
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . m merely lines the walls of the shallow and widely-openmanubrial tube and a circular ditch round the bulging lens.In buds which have been produced ase,ually in this mannerit is found that, even before the above stage has beenreached, their manubriums are already studded with a new-generation of buds, which in turn go through the sameprocess. There is, however, sometimes to be observed, especiallyin the solitary parental forms, an interesting modification of THE TANG Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-m-merely-lines-the-walls-of-the-shallow-and-widely-openmanubrial-tube-and-a-circular-ditch-round-the-bulging-lensin-buds-which-have-been-produced-aseually-in-this-mannerit-is-found-that-even-before-the-above-stage-has-beenreached-their-manubriums-are-already-studded-with-a-new-generation-of-buds-which-in-turn-go-through-the-sameprocess-there-is-however-sometimes-to-be-observed-especiallyin-the-solitary-parental-forms-an-interesting-modification-of-the-tang-image369681952.html
RM2CDCD2T–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . m merely lines the walls of the shallow and widely-openmanubrial tube and a circular ditch round the bulging lens.In buds which have been produced ase,ually in this mannerit is found that, even before the above stage has beenreached, their manubriums are already studded with a new-generation of buds, which in turn go through the sameprocess. There is, however, sometimes to be observed, especiallyin the solitary parental forms, an interesting modification of THE TANG
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . frequent that they must be considered as a normal feature ofthe species. It is possible that in other .Spongillida these systems have not receivedthe attention they deserve. In addition to the spicules described ab(jve there are small masses of silica inSpongilla moorei, comparable with those found in Spongilla aspinosa (Fig. i—e.). (B) The Arrangement ok the Spicules to form Fibres, etc.—The spiculeswhich form the polyspiculous fibres belong mainly to the first and Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-frequent-that-they-must-be-considered-as-a-normal-feature-ofthe-species-it-is-possible-that-in-other-spongillida-these-systems-have-not-receivedthe-attention-they-deserve-in-addition-to-the-spicules-described-abjve-there-are-small-masses-of-silica-inspongilla-moorei-comparable-with-those-found-in-spongilla-aspinosa-fig-ie-b-the-arrangement-ok-the-spicules-to-form-fibres-etcthe-spiculeswhich-form-the-polyspiculous-fibres-belong-mainly-to-the-first-and-image369681902.html
RM2CDCD12–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . frequent that they must be considered as a normal feature ofthe species. It is possible that in other .Spongillida these systems have not receivedthe attention they deserve. In addition to the spicules described ab(jve there are small masses of silica inSpongilla moorei, comparable with those found in Spongilla aspinosa (Fig. i—e.). (B) The Arrangement ok the Spicules to form Fibres, etc.—The spiculeswhich form the polyspiculous fibres belong mainly to the first and
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 27.—Shell of Paranielania damoni (+ ^). the intestine, in the possession of an anterior stomachicchamber and a crystalline style, Paranielania is in allrespects similar to Typhobia, but like Limnotrochus andChytra it does not appear to be viviparous. p. CRASSIGRANULATA, SMITH. This form is in all respects closely similar in thestructure of its soft parts, shell, operculum and radula, toP. damoni. (See Figs. 25 and 26.) 246 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. TANCANVKIA, CRO Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-fig-27shell-of-paranielania-damoni-the-intestine-in-the-possession-of-an-anterior-stomachicchamber-and-a-crystalline-style-paranielania-is-in-allrespects-similar-to-typhobia-but-like-limnotrochus-andchytra-it-does-not-appear-to-be-viviparous-p-crassigranulata-smith-this-form-is-in-all-respects-closely-similar-in-thestructure-of-its-soft-parts-shell-operculum-and-radula-top-damoni-see-figs-25-and-26-246-the-tanganyika-problem-tancanvkia-cro-image369682518.html
RM2CDCDR2–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 27.—Shell of Paranielania damoni (+ ^). the intestine, in the possession of an anterior stomachicchamber and a crystalline style, Paranielania is in allrespects similar to Typhobia, but like Limnotrochus andChytra it does not appear to be viviparous. p. CRASSIGRANULATA, SMITH. This form is in all respects closely similar in thestructure of its soft parts, shell, operculum and radula, toP. damoni. (See Figs. 25 and 26.) 246 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. TANCANVKIA, CRO
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . courseof two well-developed scalariform pedal cords. Betweenthese pedal cords there exist ladder-like connectionssimilar to those found between the pedal cords ofCyclophoiiis. The otocysts in Nassopsis are relatively immense. Theyare situated well up on the course of the pedo-pleural con-nectives, and the otocyst nerves pass obliquely from themtowards the cerebral ganglia. The otoliths are small,numerous, and rectangular, with the faces slightly convex. The reproduct Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-courseof-two-well-developed-scalariform-pedal-cords-betweenthese-pedal-cords-there-exist-ladder-like-connectionssimilar-to-those-found-between-the-pedal-cords-ofcyclophoiiis-the-otocysts-in-nassopsis-are-relatively-immense-theyare-situated-well-up-on-the-course-of-the-pedo-pleural-con-nectives-and-the-otocyst-nerves-pass-obliquely-from-themtowards-the-cerebral-ganglia-the-otoliths-are-smallnumerous-and-rectangular-with-the-faces-slightly-convex-the-reproduct-image369682422.html
RM2CDCDKJ–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . courseof two well-developed scalariform pedal cords. Betweenthese pedal cords there exist ladder-like connectionssimilar to those found between the pedal cords ofCyclophoiiis. The otocysts in Nassopsis are relatively immense. Theyare situated well up on the course of the pedo-pleural con-nectives, and the otocyst nerves pass obliquely from themtowards the cerebral ganglia. The otoliths are small,numerous, and rectangular, with the faces slightly convex. The reproduct
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 32.—Semi diagram of the digestivesystem of Tanganyicia riifojilosa. and connectives, are all arranged in the typical cerithoidplan, just as in Typhobia or Cancellaria. But thereis in the brain of Tanganyicia a curious median lobesituated between the cerebral ganglia and looking forward,which I have never found elsewhere. Except for theaddition of the large rectal gland in the female Tanganyicia,and the reduction of the buccal mass in both sexes, thewhole aliment Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-fig-32semi-diagram-of-the-digestivesystem-of-tanganyicia-riifojilosa-and-connectives-are-all-arranged-in-the-typical-cerithoidplan-just-as-in-typhobia-or-cancellaria-but-thereis-in-the-brain-of-tanganyicia-a-curious-median-lobesituated-between-the-cerebral-ganglia-and-looking-forwardwhich-i-have-never-found-elsewhere-except-for-theaddition-of-the-large-rectal-gland-in-the-female-tanganyiciaand-the-reduction-of-the-buccal-mass-in-both-sexes-thewhole-aliment-image369682498.html
RM2CDCDPA–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 32.—Semi diagram of the digestivesystem of Tanganyicia riifojilosa. and connectives, are all arranged in the typical cerithoidplan, just as in Typhobia or Cancellaria. But thereis in the brain of Tanganyicia a curious median lobesituated between the cerebral ganglia and looking forward,which I have never found elsewhere. Except for theaddition of the large rectal gland in the female Tanganyicia,and the reduction of the buccal mass in both sexes, thewhole aliment
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . ack in its origin to some of theearliest explorations in the African interior. It was,in fact, Speke, during Burtons celebrated expedition toTanganyika, who originally picked up the shells of some ofthe above types on the beach, and two of these particularspecimens, after finding their way into the British Museum,were described by S. P. Woodward * under the titles of * S. p. Woodward, Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1S57. THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 219 Nassopsis Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-ack-in-its-origin-to-some-of-theearliest-explorations-in-the-african-interior-it-wasin-fact-speke-during-burtons-celebrated-expedition-totanganyika-who-originally-picked-up-the-shells-of-some-ofthe-above-types-on-the-beach-and-two-of-these-particularspecimens-after-finding-their-way-into-the-british-museumwere-described-by-s-p-woodward-under-the-titles-of-s-p-woodward-proceedings-of-the-zoological-society-1s57-the-tanganyika-problem-219-nassopsis-image369683063.html
RM2CDCEEF–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . ack in its origin to some of theearliest explorations in the African interior. It was,in fact, Speke, during Burtons celebrated expedition toTanganyika, who originally picked up the shells of some ofthe above types on the beach, and two of these particularspecimens, after finding their way into the British Museum,were described by S. P. Woodward * under the titles of * S. p. Woodward, Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1S57. THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 219 Nassopsis
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . which hadbeen covered with water at a more and more recent date,and conversely, as we returned over the road we had come,we were passing over land which had been land for a longerand longer time owing to the gradual northern recession ofthe lake ; and the different age of the land was related to adifferent type of flora which was growing on it. This differ-ence in the character of the vegetation encountered duringthe journey has been represented in the figure on page Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-which-hadbeen-covered-with-water-at-a-more-and-more-recent-dateand-conversely-as-we-returned-over-the-road-we-had-comewe-were-passing-over-land-which-had-been-land-for-a-longerand-longer-time-owing-to-the-gradual-northern-recession-ofthe-lake-and-the-different-age-of-the-land-was-related-to-adifferent-type-of-flora-which-was-growing-on-it-this-differ-ence-in-the-character-of-the-vegetation-encountered-duringthe-journey-has-been-represented-in-the-figure-on-page-image369684240.html
RM2CDCG0G–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . which hadbeen covered with water at a more and more recent date,and conversely, as we returned over the road we had come,we were passing over land which had been land for a longerand longer time owing to the gradual northern recession ofthe lake ; and the different age of the land was related to adifferent type of flora which was growing on it. This differ-ence in the character of the vegetation encountered duringthe journey has been represented in the figure on page
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Two varieties of Aniherlcya, upper, compared with Bathaiialia howcsi, lower. Among the Jurassic fossil gastropods there are a numberof forms v^hich are typified by the so-called Litto7iua sulcata,and if the figures of the two specimens of this form givenon p. 349, lower, be compared with the back and front viewof the shell of LininotvocJiiis tJionisoni from Tanganyikagiven on the same page, it will be realised how closely the THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 349 living and th Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-two-varieties-of-aniherlcya-upper-compared-with-bathaiialia-howcsi-lower-among-the-jurassic-fossil-gastropods-there-are-a-numberof-forms-vhich-are-typified-by-the-so-called-litto7iua-sulcataand-if-the-figures-of-the-two-specimens-of-this-form-givenon-p-349-lower-be-compared-with-the-back-and-front-viewof-the-shell-of-lininotvocjiiis-tjionisoni-from-tanganyikagiven-on-the-same-page-it-will-be-realised-how-closely-the-the-tanganyika-problem-349-living-and-th-image369681547.html
RM2CDCCGB–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Two varieties of Aniherlcya, upper, compared with Bathaiialia howcsi, lower. Among the Jurassic fossil gastropods there are a numberof forms v^hich are typified by the so-called Litto7iua sulcata,and if the figures of the two specimens of this form givenon p. 349, lower, be compared with the back and front viewof the shell of LininotvocJiiis tJionisoni from Tanganyikagiven on the same page, it will be realised how closely the THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 349 living and th
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . fly described by Milne Edwards, Annales desSciences Naturelles Zoologie, Tome III., p. 147, but ashe had no example of the male, and at the time was notaware of the peculiar interest attaching to the Tanganyikafauna in general, it is to be hoped that the animal will bemore studied in the near future, more especially so since thepeculiarly marine aspect of the crab at once struck MilneEdwards himself. Thus he says : This fresh-water crabpresents such a great resemblan Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-fly-described-by-milne-edwards-annales-dessciences-naturelles-zoologie-tome-iii-p-147-but-ashe-had-no-example-of-the-male-and-at-the-time-was-notaware-of-the-peculiar-interest-attaching-to-the-tanganyikafauna-in-general-it-is-to-be-hoped-that-the-animal-will-bemore-studied-in-the-near-future-more-especially-so-since-thepeculiarly-marine-aspect-of-the-crab-at-once-struck-milneedwards-himself-thus-he-says-this-fresh-water-crabpresents-such-a-great-resemblan-image369682091.html
RM2CDCD7R–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . fly described by Milne Edwards, Annales desSciences Naturelles Zoologie, Tome III., p. 147, but ashe had no example of the male, and at the time was notaware of the peculiar interest attaching to the Tanganyikafauna in general, it is to be hoped that the animal will bemore studied in the near future, more especially so since thepeculiarly marine aspect of the crab at once struck MilneEdwards himself. Thus he says : This fresh-water crabpresents such a great resemblan
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . ust conclude that Tan-ganyicia possesses an archaic character which may beencountered in part, or in entirety, in widely diversemolluscan types. See fig. on p. 273. Tanganyicia may thusbe said to exhibit the morphological characteristics whichwe should attribute to those earlier members of the Proso-branchiate group which anteceded the modern forms typifiedby such genera as the Stronibtis and CeritJiitiDi of to-day. In Spekia we have a form which, in its nerves, isun Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-ust-conclude-that-tan-ganyicia-possesses-an-archaic-character-which-may-beencountered-in-part-or-in-entirety-in-widely-diversemolluscan-types-see-fig-on-p-273-tanganyicia-may-thusbe-said-to-exhibit-the-morphological-characteristics-whichwe-should-attribute-to-those-earlier-members-of-the-proso-branchiate-group-which-anteceded-the-modern-forms-typifiedby-such-genera-as-the-stronibtis-and-ceritjiitidi-of-to-day-in-spekia-we-have-a-form-which-in-its-nerves-isun-image369682268.html
RM2CDCDE4–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . ust conclude that Tan-ganyicia possesses an archaic character which may beencountered in part, or in entirety, in widely diversemolluscan types. See fig. on p. 273. Tanganyicia may thusbe said to exhibit the morphological characteristics whichwe should attribute to those earlier members of the Proso-branchiate group which anteceded the modern forms typifiedby such genera as the Stronibtis and CeritJiitiDi of to-day. In Spekia we have a form which, in its nerves, isun
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . 262 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. Natica lineata : they are present in tlic gills of Lit tori na,but curiously enough they are not represented in Hallersfigure of the gill of Sigaretiis ncritoides (Lam.). The osphradium is lodged in a groove beneath the gill ;it is simple, and slightly but distinctly tending to becomepectinated. At the outer extremity it is curiously bentdownwards and back, exactly repeating in this the conditionof the same organ in Sigaretiis iievitoides Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-262-the-tanganyika-problem-natica-lineata-they-are-present-in-tlic-gills-of-lit-tori-nabut-curiously-enough-they-are-not-represented-in-hallersfigure-of-the-gill-of-sigaretiis-ncritoides-lam-the-osphradium-is-lodged-in-a-groove-beneath-the-gill-it-is-simple-and-slightly-but-distinctly-tending-to-becomepectinated-at-the-outer-extremity-it-is-curiously-bentdownwards-and-back-exactly-repeating-in-this-the-conditionof-the-same-organ-in-sigaretiis-iievitoides-image369682195.html
RM2CDCDBF–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . 262 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. Natica lineata : they are present in tlic gills of Lit tori na,but curiously enough they are not represented in Hallersfigure of the gill of Sigaretiis ncritoides (Lam.). The osphradium is lodged in a groove beneath the gill ;it is simple, and slightly but distinctly tending to becomepectinated. At the outer extremity it is curiously bentdownwards and back, exactly repeating in this the conditionof the same organ in Sigaretiis iievitoides
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . he district, whom Dr. Cross interrogated on this subjectfor me, assured us that they could remember a time when itwas possible to walk out to these same trees, which werethen not near the water at all, and at whatever rate thechange in level has taken place, it is quite clear that it canonly have been produced by local subsidence of the ground,i.e., by the sinking of the tioor of the Nyassa Valley duringthe life of these particular trees. The valley of Nyassa, like t Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-he-district-whom-dr-cross-interrogated-on-this-subjectfor-me-assured-us-that-they-could-remember-a-time-when-itwas-possible-to-walk-out-to-these-same-trees-which-werethen-not-near-the-water-at-all-and-at-whatever-rate-thechange-in-level-has-taken-place-it-is-quite-clear-that-it-canonly-have-been-produced-by-local-subsidence-of-the-groundie-by-the-sinking-of-the-tioor-of-the-nyassa-valley-duringthe-life-of-these-particular-trees-the-valley-of-nyassa-like-t-image369685144.html
RM2CDCH4T–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . he district, whom Dr. Cross interrogated on this subjectfor me, assured us that they could remember a time when itwas possible to walk out to these same trees, which werethen not near the water at all, and at whatever rate thechange in level has taken place, it is quite clear that it canonly have been produced by local subsidence of the ground,i.e., by the sinking of the tioor of the Nyassa Valley duringthe life of these particular trees. The valley of Nyassa, like t
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 42.—Semi diagram of the anatomy of Spekia zonata. The heart has the regular tsenioglossate characters. InS. zonata, owing to the naticoid shape of the body, thereis a forward displacement of the internal viscera, whichresults in the pulmonary vein not going directly forward tothe base ot the stenidium, as in Tanganyicia rnfofilosa andmost other Prosobranchs, but in its being bent slightlybackwards in a more or less acute curve before it reachesthe base of the gi Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-fig-42semi-diagram-of-the-anatomy-of-spekia-zonata-the-heart-has-the-regular-tsenioglossate-characters-ins-zonata-owing-to-the-naticoid-shape-of-the-body-thereis-a-forward-displacement-of-the-internal-viscera-whichresults-in-the-pulmonary-vein-not-going-directly-forward-tothe-base-ot-the-stenidium-as-in-tanganyicia-rnfofilosa-andmost-other-prosobranchs-but-in-its-being-bent-slightlybackwards-in-a-more-or-less-acute-curve-before-it-reachesthe-base-of-the-gi-image369682305.html
RM2CDCDFD–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 42.—Semi diagram of the anatomy of Spekia zonata. The heart has the regular tsenioglossate characters. InS. zonata, owing to the naticoid shape of the body, thereis a forward displacement of the internal viscera, whichresults in the pulmonary vein not going directly forward tothe base ot the stenidium, as in Tanganyicia rnfofilosa andmost other Prosobranchs, but in its being bent slightlybackwards in a more or less acute curve before it reachesthe base of the gi
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . ciyst. s Fig. 3.—Semi diagram of the anatomy of Typhohia Horci. The Mantle is cutopen and the animal viewed from above. The nerves are repre-senlcd inblack, cryst. s., style sac, s/., stomach, s/ii., gill. work shall be understood to supersede any others which Ihave already published. In what follows there will befound, in the first place, a description of the structureexhibited by each of the different halolimnic molluscs,and, in the second, a discussion of their af Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-ciyst-s-fig-3semi-diagram-of-the-anatomy-of-typhohia-horci-the-mantle-is-cutopen-and-the-animal-viewed-from-above-the-nerves-are-repre-senlcd-inblack-cryst-s-style-sac-s-stomach-sii-gill-work-shall-be-understood-to-supersede-any-others-which-ihave-already-published-in-what-follows-there-will-befound-in-the-first-place-a-description-of-the-structureexhibited-by-each-of-the-different-halolimnic-molluscsand-in-the-second-a-discussion-of-their-af-image369683012.html
RM2CDCECM–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . ciyst. s Fig. 3.—Semi diagram of the anatomy of Typhohia Horci. The Mantle is cutopen and the animal viewed from above. The nerves are repre-senlcd inblack, cryst. s., style sac, s/., stomach, s/ii., gill. work shall be understood to supersede any others which Ihave already published. In what follows there will befound, in the first place, a description of the structureexhibited by each of the different halolimnic molluscs,and, in the second, a discussion of their af
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . g. 25.—Lingual dentition of Paranidania aainoni. gland is put in connection with a large non-convolutedoviduct or vas deferens, as the case may be, by a numberof fine tubes ; and both ducts pass beneath the intestineand open just behind the anus in a large slit. The genital duct in both sexes is much enlarged withinthe mantle cavity, somewhat in the manner of the samestructure in the genus Typhobia. But in BytJioceras it isquite destitute of the singular organ which Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-g-25lingual-dentition-of-paranidania-aainoni-gland-is-put-in-connection-with-a-large-non-convolutedoviduct-or-vas-deferens-as-the-case-may-be-by-a-numberof-fine-tubes-and-both-ducts-pass-beneath-the-intestineand-open-just-behind-the-anus-in-a-large-slit-the-genital-duct-in-both-sexes-is-much-enlarged-withinthe-mantle-cavity-somewhat-in-the-manner-of-the-samestructure-in-the-genus-typhobia-but-in-bytjioceras-it-isquite-destitute-of-the-singular-organ-which-image369682546.html
RM2CDCDT2–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . g. 25.—Lingual dentition of Paranidania aainoni. gland is put in connection with a large non-convolutedoviduct or vas deferens, as the case may be, by a numberof fine tubes ; and both ducts pass beneath the intestineand open just behind the anus in a large slit. The genital duct in both sexes is much enlarged withinthe mantle cavity, somewhat in the manner of the samestructure in the genus Typhobia. But in BytJioceras it isquite destitute of the singular organ which
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 14.—A single row of the lingual teeth of Chytra kirkii (X 150). sub-intestinal cord is shorter and the sub-intestinal oanolion o o is directly connected with the right pleural ganglion by along zygoneurous connection; the right pallial nerve arisingindependently from the right sub - intestinal ganglion.Viewed from the side, the cerebro-pedal and pleuro-pedalcords are short, like those of Capidtts. The oesophagus is nearly straight and leads into thestomach, whic Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-fig-14a-single-row-of-the-lingual-teeth-of-chytra-kirkii-x-150-sub-intestinal-cord-is-shorter-and-the-sub-intestinal-oanolion-o-o-is-directly-connected-with-the-right-pleural-ganglion-by-along-zygoneurous-connection-the-right-pallial-nerve-arisingindependently-from-the-right-sub-intestinal-ganglionviewed-from-the-side-the-cerebro-pedal-and-pleuro-pedalcords-are-short-like-those-of-capidtts-the-oesophagus-is-nearly-straight-and-leads-into-thestomach-whic-image369682777.html
RM2CDCE49–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 14.—A single row of the lingual teeth of Chytra kirkii (X 150). sub-intestinal cord is shorter and the sub-intestinal oanolion o o is directly connected with the right pleural ganglion by along zygoneurous connection; the right pallial nerve arisingindependently from the right sub - intestinal ganglion.Viewed from the side, the cerebro-pedal and pleuro-pedalcords are short, like those of Capidtts. The oesophagus is nearly straight and leads into thestomach, whic
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . a gorge in the hills as theRusisi River, which in turn falls in a succession of swiftcataracts down the great valley, until it eventually opensout by five mouths into Lake Tanganyika. The upper part of the Rusisi gorge is not much worn,and does not appear to be very old ; and from being anarrow depression in the south, the valley of Lake Kivuenlarges beyond Ishangi until it once more assumes thecharacter of the great Tanganyika and Nyassa valleys ; abroad expanse of Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-a-gorge-in-the-hills-as-therusisi-river-which-in-turn-falls-in-a-succession-of-swiftcataracts-down-the-great-valley-until-it-eventually-opensout-by-five-mouths-into-lake-tanganyika-the-upper-part-of-the-rusisi-gorge-is-not-much-wornand-does-not-appear-to-be-very-old-and-from-being-anarrow-depression-in-the-south-the-valley-of-lake-kivuenlarges-beyond-ishangi-until-it-once-more-assumes-thecharacter-of-the-great-tanganyika-and-nyassa-valleys-abroad-expanse-of-image369684614.html
RM2CDCGDX–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . a gorge in the hills as theRusisi River, which in turn falls in a succession of swiftcataracts down the great valley, until it eventually opensout by five mouths into Lake Tanganyika. The upper part of the Rusisi gorge is not much worn,and does not appear to be very old ; and from being anarrow depression in the south, the valley of Lake Kivuenlarges beyond Ishangi until it once more assumes thecharacter of the great Tanganyika and Nyassa valleys ; abroad expanse of
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 45-—Nervous system ofNeothaittna taiiganyicensefrom above. ditch or groove, overhung by a flap, and terminates some-what forward on the body-wall. An exactly similar state of affairs is present in Litioruia,and I found it also very well defined in the specimen ofFaunus. In all essential details the female apparatus of 364 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. Zonata repeats that of the male, Init there is neither anexternal groove nor pouch. NEOTHAUMA, SMITH. — N. TANCANVICEN Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-fig-45-nervous-system-ofneothaittna-taiiganyicensefrom-above-ditch-or-groove-overhung-by-a-flap-and-terminates-some-what-forward-on-the-body-wall-an-exactly-similar-state-of-affairs-is-present-in-litioruiaand-i-found-it-also-very-well-defined-in-the-specimen-offaunus-in-all-essential-details-the-female-apparatus-of-364-the-tanganyika-problem-zonata-repeats-that-of-the-male-init-there-is-neither-anexternal-groove-nor-pouch-neothauma-smith-n-tancanvicen-image369682199.html
RM2CDCDBK–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 45-—Nervous system ofNeothaittna taiiganyicensefrom above. ditch or groove, overhung by a flap, and terminates some-what forward on the body-wall. An exactly similar state of affairs is present in Litioruia,and I found it also very well defined in the specimen ofFaunus. In all essential details the female apparatus of 364 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. Zonata repeats that of the male, Init there is neither anexternal groove nor pouch. NEOTHAUMA, SMITH. — N. TANCANVICEN
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 5.—Semi diagram of the anatomy of Typhobia horei.The Mantle laid open and the digestive tube shaded.The ova are seen in the brood pouch, Bp. where the lateral teeth on the left side, and the mediantooth are shown. Following the alimentary canal, thebuccal mass is succeeded by a long narrow cesophagus,which receives the ducts from two very simple, pouch-likesalivary glands, and passes quite straight back into thestomach. The stomach in Typhobia is very characte Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-fig-5semi-diagram-of-the-anatomy-of-typhobia-horeithe-mantle-laid-open-and-the-digestive-tube-shadedthe-ova-are-seen-in-the-brood-pouch-bp-where-the-lateral-teeth-on-the-left-side-and-the-mediantooth-are-shown-following-the-alimentary-canal-thebuccal-mass-is-succeeded-by-a-long-narrow-cesophaguswhich-receives-the-ducts-from-two-very-simple-pouch-likesalivary-glands-and-passes-quite-straight-back-into-thestomach-the-stomach-in-typhobia-is-very-characte-image369682998.html
RM2CDCEC6–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 5.—Semi diagram of the anatomy of Typhobia horei.The Mantle laid open and the digestive tube shaded.The ova are seen in the brood pouch, Bp. where the lateral teeth on the left side, and the mediantooth are shown. Following the alimentary canal, thebuccal mass is succeeded by a long narrow cesophagus,which receives the ducts from two very simple, pouch-likesalivary glands, and passes quite straight back into thestomach. The stomach in Typhobia is very characte
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . hobia Jwrei. A single row of the teeth onthe left side. ( X 150.) which different individuals display may vary widely.Typhobia, like all the remaining halolimnic gastropodsis prosobranchiate, and the mantle cavity presents thesame arrangement of the parts which is usually found inthe less specialised Taenioglossa, Aporrhais for example.There is one gill {Steitiditun) composed of simple triangularleaves and below this a long rope-like osphradium {Fig. 3).The renal ape Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-hobia-jwrei-a-single-row-of-the-teeth-onthe-left-side-x-150-which-different-individuals-display-may-vary-widelytyphobia-like-all-the-remaining-halolimnic-gastropodsis-prosobranchiate-and-the-mantle-cavity-presents-thesame-arrangement-of-the-parts-which-is-usually-found-inthe-less-specialised-taenioglossa-aporrhais-for-examplethere-is-one-gill-steitiditun-composed-of-simple-triangularleaves-and-below-this-a-long-rope-like-osphradium-fig-3the-renal-ape-image369682952.html
RM2CDCEAG–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . hobia Jwrei. A single row of the teeth onthe left side. ( X 150.) which different individuals display may vary widely.Typhobia, like all the remaining halolimnic gastropodsis prosobranchiate, and the mantle cavity presents thesame arrangement of the parts which is usually found inthe less specialised Taenioglossa, Aporrhais for example.There is one gill {Steitiditun) composed of simple triangularleaves and below this a long rope-like osphradium {Fig. 3).The renal ape
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . THE TAXGAXYIKA PROBLEM. 105 Stanley. Stuhlmann, Stairs and Scott Elliot. Sir HarryJohnston, on the other hand, who did not get as high asmyself, holds 20,000 ft. as a minimum for some of thenumerous peaks which he did not even attempt, but as he ssr.. The broad srlacier on Sitchwi, the Xorlhern snow riclre of InTOmwimbi. says he is judging simply by his eye, his contention isnecessarily without anv weioht for actual mountaineers.* * Those interested in this matter wi Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-the-taxgaxyika-problem-105-stanley-stuhlmann-stairs-and-scott-elliot-sir-harryjohnston-on-the-other-hand-who-did-not-get-as-high-asmyself-holds-20000-ft-as-a-minimum-for-some-of-thenumerous-peaks-which-he-did-not-even-attempt-but-as-he-ssr-the-broad-srlacier-on-sitchwi-the-xorlhern-snow-riclre-of-intomwimbi-says-he-is-judging-simply-by-his-eye-his-contention-isnecessarily-without-anv-weioht-for-actual-mountaineers-those-interested-in-this-matter-wi-image369684341.html
RM2CDCG45–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . THE TAXGAXYIKA PROBLEM. 105 Stanley. Stuhlmann, Stairs and Scott Elliot. Sir HarryJohnston, on the other hand, who did not get as high asmyself, holds 20,000 ft. as a minimum for some of thenumerous peaks which he did not even attempt, but as he ssr.. The broad srlacier on Sitchwi, the Xorlhern snow riclre of InTOmwimbi. says he is judging simply by his eye, his contention isnecessarily without anv weioht for actual mountaineers.* * Those interested in this matter wi
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . ionsexhibiting an irregular series of small, slightly oblique and granular ridges. Post-frontal crest distinct, with median notch and partial lateral interruptions, but notextending to margins. Antero-lateral margins shorter than postero-lateral, armedwith 2-3 spines, in addition to that at the outer angle of the orbit. Second joint ofantenna extending to under border of front, and bearing a short flagellum. Cheli-peds in the male unequal, subequal in the female ; me Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-ionsexhibiting-an-irregular-series-of-small-slightly-oblique-and-granular-ridges-post-frontal-crest-distinct-with-median-notch-and-partial-lateral-interruptions-but-notextending-to-margins-antero-lateral-margins-shorter-than-postero-lateral-armedwith-2-3-spines-in-addition-to-that-at-the-outer-angle-of-the-orbit-second-joint-ofantenna-extending-to-under-border-of-front-and-bearing-a-short-flagellum-cheli-peds-in-the-male-unequal-subequal-in-the-female-me-image369682109.html
RM2CDCD8D–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . ionsexhibiting an irregular series of small, slightly oblique and granular ridges. Post-frontal crest distinct, with median notch and partial lateral interruptions, but notextending to margins. Antero-lateral margins shorter than postero-lateral, armedwith 2-3 spines, in addition to that at the outer angle of the orbit. Second joint ofantenna extending to under border of front, and bearing a short flagellum. Cheli-peds in the male unequal, subequal in the female ; me
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . has been cut open from above,and the radular sac exposed. The intestine passes out of the stomach beneath the tubularaperture between the posterior and anterior stomachicchambers, as indicated in the drawing on page 251. Theintestine is coiled in the manner seen on page 251, andtowards its rectal extremity it contains a number ofglandular folds and striae. The liver is large, and occupies the lower two-thirds of THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 253 the last two whorls of the Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-has-been-cut-open-from-aboveand-the-radular-sac-exposed-the-intestine-passes-out-of-the-stomach-beneath-the-tubularaperture-between-the-posterior-and-anterior-stomachicchambers-as-indicated-in-the-drawing-on-page-251-theintestine-is-coiled-in-the-manner-seen-on-page-251-andtowards-its-rectal-extremity-it-contains-a-number-ofglandular-folds-and-striae-the-liver-is-large-and-occupies-the-lower-two-thirds-of-the-tanganyika-problem-253-the-last-two-whorls-of-the-image369682371.html
RM2CDCDHR–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . has been cut open from above,and the radular sac exposed. The intestine passes out of the stomach beneath the tubularaperture between the posterior and anterior stomachicchambers, as indicated in the drawing on page 251. Theintestine is coiled in the manner seen on page 251, andtowards its rectal extremity it contains a number ofglandular folds and striae. The liver is large, and occupies the lower two-thirds of THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 253 the last two whorls of the
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. i8a.—Operculum of Lijuiio/rochiis tJtoiiisoni. the genital gland. The duct of this leads without muchcoiling into the mantle cavity, where, w the female, itenlarges, and is related to a curious glandular (?) organ 234 THE TANGAXYIK.l PROn/.EM. which corresponds in position ;ind appearance to thatencountered in the same place in XenopJiora.The animal does not appear to be viviparous. limnotrochus, smith. limxotkociius thomsoni (fig. 17). As I have previ(msly sta Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-fig-i8aoperculum-of-lijuiiorochiis-tjtoiiisoni-the-genital-gland-the-duct-of-this-leads-without-muchcoiling-into-the-mantle-cavity-where-w-the-female-itenlarges-and-is-related-to-a-curious-glandular-organ-234-the-tangaxyikl-pronem-which-corresponds-in-position-ind-appearance-to-thatencountered-in-the-same-place-in-xenopjiorathe-animal-does-not-appear-to-be-viviparous-limnotrochus-smith-limxotkociius-thomsoni-fig-17-as-i-have-previmsly-sta-image369682692.html
RM2CDCE18–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. i8a.—Operculum of Lijuiio/rochiis tJtoiiisoni. the genital gland. The duct of this leads without muchcoiling into the mantle cavity, where, w the female, itenlarges, and is related to a curious glandular (?) organ 234 THE TANGAXYIK.l PROn/.EM. which corresponds in position ;ind appearance to thatencountered in the same place in XenopJiora.The animal does not appear to be viviparous. limnotrochus, smith. limxotkociius thomsoni (fig. 17). As I have previ(msly sta
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . y long supra-intestinal connective, Fig.23, exactly as it is in CeiitJiinni or Aporrhais. Viewedfrom the side, the cerebro-pedal and pleuro-pedal con-nectives are seen to be of considerable length, ratherlonger than the same structures in Vohita, but not so longas those in Nassopsis or in Stronibiis. The pedal ganglionhas the bulbous form encountered in the true Cerithiida;,and in like manner there pass from the lower extremityof each pedal ganglion two predominent f Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-y-long-supra-intestinal-connective-fig23-exactly-as-it-is-in-ceiitjiinni-or-aporrhais-viewedfrom-the-side-the-cerebro-pedal-and-pleuro-pedal-con-nectives-are-seen-to-be-of-considerable-length-ratherlonger-than-the-same-structures-in-vohita-but-not-so-longas-those-in-nassopsis-or-in-stronibiis-the-pedal-ganglionhas-the-bulbous-form-encountered-in-the-true-cerithiidaand-in-like-manner-there-pass-from-the-lower-extremityof-each-pedal-ganglion-two-predominent-f-image369682604.html
RM2CDCDX4–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . y long supra-intestinal connective, Fig.23, exactly as it is in CeiitJiinni or Aporrhais. Viewedfrom the side, the cerebro-pedal and pleuro-pedal con-nectives are seen to be of considerable length, ratherlonger than the same structures in Vohita, but not so longas those in Nassopsis or in Stronibiis. The pedal ganglionhas the bulbous form encountered in the true Cerithiida;,and in like manner there pass from the lower extremityof each pedal ganglion two predominent f
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . find, as one of their most striking features, thattheir floors are more or less invariably strewn withactive and extinct volcanic cones. We may say, in fact,that along any of these great valleys we have onlyto go far enough in order to encounter past or presentevidence of intense volcanic activity and terrestrial imper-manence. Thus the short series to the east oppositeMombassa contains Kilima Njaro and its associated cones.The Beringo series contains many extinct vo Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-find-as-one-of-their-most-striking-features-thattheir-floors-are-more-or-less-invariably-strewn-withactive-and-extinct-volcanic-cones-we-may-say-in-factthat-along-any-of-these-great-valleys-we-have-onlyto-go-far-enough-in-order-to-encounter-past-or-presentevidence-of-intense-volcanic-activity-and-terrestrial-imper-manence-thus-the-short-series-to-the-east-oppositemombassa-contains-kilima-njaro-and-its-associated-conesthe-beringo-series-contains-many-extinct-vo-image369684920.html
RM2CDCGTT–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . find, as one of their most striking features, thattheir floors are more or less invariably strewn withactive and extinct volcanic cones. We may say, in fact,that along any of these great valleys we have onlyto go far enough in order to encounter past or presentevidence of intense volcanic activity and terrestrial imper-manence. Thus the short series to the east oppositeMombassa contains Kilima Njaro and its associated cones.The Beringo series contains many extinct vo
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . straight amphioxea taper gradually into a sharp-pointed end (Fig. 1—b.),while the curved amphitornota, which are far more numerous, taper much moreabruptly into a similar point (Fig. i—r.). Both the straight amphioxea and thecurved amphitornota are highly variable in thickness, and exhibit all stages ofdevelopment. The axial thread is of even thickness throughout its whole length inall these spicules. (j3) In addition to being slightly more slender than the spicules Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-straight-amphioxea-taper-gradually-into-a-sharp-pointed-end-fig-1bwhile-the-curved-amphitornota-which-are-far-more-numerous-taper-much-moreabruptly-into-a-similar-point-fig-ir-both-the-straight-amphioxea-and-thecurved-amphitornota-are-highly-variable-in-thickness-and-exhibit-all-stages-ofdevelopment-the-axial-thread-is-of-even-thickness-throughout-its-whole-length-inall-these-spicules-j3-in-addition-to-being-slightly-more-slender-than-the-spicules-image369681931.html
RM2CDCD23–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . straight amphioxea taper gradually into a sharp-pointed end (Fig. 1—b.),while the curved amphitornota, which are far more numerous, taper much moreabruptly into a similar point (Fig. i—r.). Both the straight amphioxea and thecurved amphitornota are highly variable in thickness, and exhibit all stages ofdevelopment. The axial thread is of even thickness throughout its whole length inall these spicules. (j3) In addition to being slightly more slender than the spicules
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 8i the lake. On the lake shore, at certain places, Viuwko andLumungi, the sandstones were found to rest on granite,which can be seen just above the present water-line ; butnorth of Lumungi the sandstone deposits disappear, andare succeeded by granites, gneiss and schists, which formthe chief constituents of the great mountain range flankingthe extreme north of Tanganyika on the east, and whichcan be seen running away north, parallel with the s Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-the-tanganyika-problem-8i-the-lake-on-the-lake-shore-at-certain-places-viuwko-andlumungi-the-sandstones-were-found-to-rest-on-granitewhich-can-be-seen-just-above-the-present-water-line-butnorth-of-lumungi-the-sandstone-deposits-disappear-andare-succeeded-by-granites-gneiss-and-schists-which-formthe-chief-constituents-of-the-great-mountain-range-flankingthe-extreme-north-of-tanganyika-on-the-east-and-whichcan-be-seen-running-away-north-parallel-with-the-s-image369684573.html
RM2CDCGCD–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 8i the lake. On the lake shore, at certain places, Viuwko andLumungi, the sandstones were found to rest on granite,which can be seen just above the present water-line ; butnorth of Lumungi the sandstone deposits disappear, andare succeeded by granites, gneiss and schists, which formthe chief constituents of the great mountain range flankingthe extreme north of Tanganyika on the east, and whichcan be seen running away north, parallel with the s
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . ern scarps being shown inDiagram facing p. 44. Passing still westward over the western scarps, we findthem to be composed of massive quartzites, sandstones,conglomerate and shales, 2,000 feet and more beingexposed along the main western coast-line of the lake,and, finally, having ascended the magnificent red andyellow precipices which these exposures form, we reach atable-land, but one which has everywhere a slight dip tothe west, and we are now, as a matter of fact, Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-ern-scarps-being-shown-indiagram-facing-p-44-passing-still-westward-over-the-western-scarps-we-findthem-to-be-composed-of-massive-quartzites-sandstonesconglomerate-and-shales-2000-feet-and-more-beingexposed-along-the-main-western-coast-line-of-the-lakeand-finally-having-ascended-the-magnificent-red-andyellow-precipices-which-these-exposures-form-we-reach-atable-land-but-one-which-has-everywhere-a-slight-dip-tothe-west-and-we-are-now-as-a-matter-of-fact-image369684895.html
RM2CDCGRY–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . ern scarps being shown inDiagram facing p. 44. Passing still westward over the western scarps, we findthem to be composed of massive quartzites, sandstones,conglomerate and shales, 2,000 feet and more beingexposed along the main western coast-line of the lake,and, finally, having ascended the magnificent red andyellow precipices which these exposures form, we reach atable-land, but one which has everywhere a slight dip tothe west, and we are now, as a matter of fact,
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . 36 Stanford^ Geog^EstaifiZandon... THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 49 succession of ridges, or to a succession of cusps in trans-verse section, and, when closely compared with the crosssection of Nyassa, the structure of the Great Central Rangein the region of the south end of Tanganyika will be foundto have the following peculiar features :—There are, first,two lines of up-push, one on either side of Lake Rukwa,then a more or less flat space, then a greater upraised ridgefl Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-36-stanford-geogestaifizandon-the-tanganyika-problem-49-succession-of-ridges-or-to-a-succession-of-cusps-in-trans-verse-section-and-when-closely-compared-with-the-crosssection-of-nyassa-the-structure-of-the-great-central-rangein-the-region-of-the-south-end-of-tanganyika-will-be-foundto-have-the-following-peculiar-features-there-are-firsttwo-lines-of-up-push-one-on-either-side-of-lake-rukwathen-a-more-or-less-flat-space-then-a-greater-upraised-ridgefl-image369684945.html
RM2CDCGWN–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . 36 Stanford^ Geog^EstaifiZandon... THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 49 succession of ridges, or to a succession of cusps in trans-verse section, and, when closely compared with the crosssection of Nyassa, the structure of the Great Central Rangein the region of the south end of Tanganyika will be foundto have the following peculiar features :—There are, first,two lines of up-push, one on either side of Lake Rukwa,then a more or less flat space, then a greater upraised ridgefl
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. II.—The shell of Chyfra kirkii. From the side and from below ;slightly enlarged. In 1897, however, I had occasion to show that the latterform not only differs considerably from kirkii, but is alsocomparable to the old Jurassic fossil known as Littorinastilcata, whereas kirkii closely resembles some of the. Fig. 12.—Living animals of Chytra kirkii. Jurassic Xenophoridse. On this account I separated kirkiifrom LininotrocJnis altogether and placed it in the newgenu Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-fig-iithe-shell-of-chyfra-kirkii-from-the-side-and-from-below-slightly-enlarged-in-1897-however-i-had-occasion-to-show-that-the-latterform-not-only-differs-considerably-from-kirkii-but-is-alsocomparable-to-the-old-jurassic-fossil-known-as-littorinastilcata-whereas-kirkii-closely-resembles-some-of-the-fig-12living-animals-of-chytra-kirkii-jurassic-xenophoridse-on-this-account-i-separated-kirkiifrom-lininotrocjnis-altogether-and-placed-it-in-the-newgenu-image369682858.html
RM2CDCE76–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. II.—The shell of Chyfra kirkii. From the side and from below ;slightly enlarged. In 1897, however, I had occasion to show that the latterform not only differs considerably from kirkii, but is alsocomparable to the old Jurassic fossil known as Littorinastilcata, whereas kirkii closely resembles some of the. Fig. 12.—Living animals of Chytra kirkii. Jurassic Xenophoridse. On this account I separated kirkiifrom LininotrocJnis altogether and placed it in the newgenu
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . 5 ^ t/3 V. 5 ij THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 93 manner, succeeded in forcing its way out, and cut a channelfor its overflow to the west into the Conoco. This view of the matter will at once explain the fact thatTanganyika has otherwise unaccountably fallen some 40,possibly a.great many more, feet within no great number ofyears, the overplus of water in it having worn away the. The steep West Coast of the Albert Edward Nyanza. The Western side of the GreatCentral eiuycolpi Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-5-t3-v-5-ij-the-tanganyika-problem-93-manner-succeeded-in-forcing-its-way-out-and-cut-a-channelfor-its-overflow-to-the-west-into-the-conoco-this-view-of-the-matter-will-at-once-explain-the-fact-thattanganyika-has-otherwise-unaccountably-fallen-some-40possibly-agreat-many-more-feet-within-no-great-number-ofyears-the-overplus-of-water-in-it-having-worn-away-the-the-steep-west-coast-of-the-albert-edward-nyanza-the-western-side-of-the-greatcentral-eiuycolpi-image369684420.html
RM2CDCG70–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . 5 ^ t/3 V. 5 ij THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 93 manner, succeeded in forcing its way out, and cut a channelfor its overflow to the west into the Conoco. This view of the matter will at once explain the fact thatTanganyika has otherwise unaccountably fallen some 40,possibly a.great many more, feet within no great number ofyears, the overplus of water in it having worn away the. The steep West Coast of the Albert Edward Nyanza. The Western side of the GreatCentral eiuycolpi
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 2.—rt., The skeleton of Spoiti^illa iiioorci ncAr the surface in section X 200. />., Aportion of two fibres X 800. r., The skeleton as seen in section from the base to theupper surface. 314 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. The spicular systems of the third class are seldom found in any other position thanin the fibres. As a rule, the spicules are arranged in the fibres with their axes parallel to (meanother, and in the deeper parts of the sponge the connecting spicule Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-fig-2rt-the-skeleton-of-spoitiilla-iiioorci-ncar-the-surface-in-section-x-200-gt-aportion-of-two-fibres-x-800-r-the-skeleton-as-seen-in-section-from-the-base-to-theupper-surface-314-the-tanganyika-problem-the-spicular-systems-of-the-third-class-are-seldom-found-in-any-other-position-thanin-the-fibres-as-a-rule-the-spicules-are-arranged-in-the-fibres-with-their-axes-parallel-to-meanother-and-in-the-deeper-parts-of-the-sponge-the-connecting-spicule-image369681767.html
RM2CDCCT7–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 2.—rt., The skeleton of Spoiti^illa iiioorci ncAr the surface in section X 200. />., Aportion of two fibres X 800. r., The skeleton as seen in section from the base to theupper surface. 314 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. The spicular systems of the third class are seldom found in any other position thanin the fibres. As a rule, the spicules are arranged in the fibres with their axes parallel to (meanother, and in the deeper parts of the sponge the connecting spicule
. The game animals of Africa . ), from the regionbetween Tanganyika and the Albert Edward Nyanza, differs by themore marked backward and inward direction of the horn-tips, whiletheir axis forms with that of the basal portion an angle of about 65^. The name of Sudan buffalo may be employed (in place of Abys- AFRICAN BUFFALO 73 sinian) for B. c. cequinoctialis, which was first named on the evidenceof a skull brought by Consul Petherick from East Central Africa, butis also known to occur on the White Nile. The tips of the horns areshort, less than a third of the whole horn-length ; they taper rap Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-game-animals-of-africa-from-the-regionbetween-tanganyika-and-the-albert-edward-nyanza-differs-by-themore-marked-backward-and-inward-direction-of-the-horn-tips-whiletheir-axis-forms-with-that-of-the-basal-portion-an-angle-of-about-65-the-name-of-sudan-buffalo-may-be-employed-in-place-of-abys-african-buffalo-73-sinian-for-b-c-cequinoctialis-which-was-first-named-on-the-evidenceof-a-skull-brought-by-consul-petherick-from-east-central-africa-butis-also-known-to-occur-on-the-white-nile-the-tips-of-the-horns-areshort-less-than-a-third-of-the-whole-horn-length-they-taper-rap-image374693425.html
RM2CNGN81–. The game animals of Africa . ), from the regionbetween Tanganyika and the Albert Edward Nyanza, differs by themore marked backward and inward direction of the horn-tips, whiletheir axis forms with that of the basal portion an angle of about 65^. The name of Sudan buffalo may be employed (in place of Abys- AFRICAN BUFFALO 73 sinian) for B. c. cequinoctialis, which was first named on the evidenceof a skull brought by Consul Petherick from East Central Africa, butis also known to occur on the White Nile. The tips of the horns areshort, less than a third of the whole horn-length ; they taper rap
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 9.—Operculum of Ba/haitalia hoivcsii. not much coiled ; in the male, it runs along- the anylebetween the right side of the mantle and the body. Nearits extremity (Fig. 3) it is connected with, and sur-mounted by, a hollow muscular organ and then opensby a large slit-like aperture just beneath the anus. In the 15* 228 THE TANGANYIKA PROBI.E.V. female that portion of the genital duct which lies withinthe mantle cavity is dilated so as to form a large broadpouch, i Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-fig-9operculum-of-bahaitalia-hoivcsii-not-much-coiled-in-the-male-it-runs-along-the-anylebetween-the-right-side-of-the-mantle-and-the-body-nearits-extremity-fig-3-it-is-connected-with-and-sur-mounted-by-a-hollow-muscular-organ-and-then-opensby-a-large-slit-like-aperture-just-beneath-the-anus-in-the-15-228-the-tanganyika-probiev-female-that-portion-of-the-genital-duct-which-lies-withinthe-mantle-cavity-is-dilated-so-as-to-form-a-large-broadpouch-i-image369682826.html
RM2CDCE62–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig. 9.—Operculum of Ba/haitalia hoivcsii. not much coiled ; in the male, it runs along- the anylebetween the right side of the mantle and the body. Nearits extremity (Fig. 3) it is connected with, and sur-mounted by, a hollow muscular organ and then opensby a large slit-like aperture just beneath the anus. In the 15* 228 THE TANGANYIKA PROBI.E.V. female that portion of the genital duct which lies withinthe mantle cavity is dilated so as to form a large broadpouch, i
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Paratilapia aurita. See p. 178.. Iaratilapia niyrcpiiinis. Sec p. 184. 196 THE TANGANYTKA riWBLEM. 63. CiKPHYROCHROMIS MOORII.—Blgr. 1901. (Fig. p. 193.) Depth of body equal to length of head, 3 times in total length. Snout withslightly convex upper profile, as long as the diameter of the eye, which is contained33 times in length of head, and equals interocular width ; ma.illary extending tobetween nostril and eye ; 56 conical teeth, with brown points, in the upper Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-paratilapia-aurita-see-p-178-iaratilapia-niyrcpiiinis-sec-p-184-196-the-tanganytka-riwblem-63-cikphyrochromis-mooriiblgr-1901-fig-p-193-depth-of-body-equal-to-length-of-head-3-times-in-total-length-snout-withslightly-convex-upper-profile-as-long-as-the-diameter-of-the-eye-which-is-contained33-times-in-length-of-head-and-equals-interocular-width-maillary-extending-tobetween-nostril-and-eye-56-conical-teeth-with-brown-points-in-the-upper-image369683482.html
RM2CDCF1E–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Paratilapia aurita. See p. 178.. Iaratilapia niyrcpiiinis. Sec p. 184. 196 THE TANGANYTKA riWBLEM. 63. CiKPHYROCHROMIS MOORII.—Blgr. 1901. (Fig. p. 193.) Depth of body equal to length of head, 3 times in total length. Snout withslightly convex upper profile, as long as the diameter of the eye, which is contained33 times in length of head, and equals interocular width ; ma.illary extending tobetween nostril and eye ; 56 conical teeth, with brown points, in the upper
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . c h < 7. LAKE TANGANYIKA. RUSI Birds- cc page 83. DWIGHT W. TAYLOR THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 83 on the Rusisi River, matters change; the floor of thevalley rises rapidly, for some 2,300 feet, and the risingground is composed of old folds of gneiss and schist,covered with deep red soil, and against which the modernlake deposits to the south, finally terminate. Upon thesegneissic ridges there is no trace of any lake-deposit orstratified material of any kind, and the g Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-c-h-lt-7-lake-tanganyika-rusi-birds-cc-page-83-dwight-w-taylor-the-tanganyika-problem-83-on-the-rusisi-river-matters-change-the-floor-of-thevalley-rises-rapidly-for-some-2300-feet-and-the-risingground-is-composed-of-old-folds-of-gneiss-and-schistcovered-with-deep-red-soil-and-against-which-the-modernlake-deposits-to-the-south-finally-terminate-upon-thesegneissic-ridges-there-is-no-trace-of-any-lake-deposit-orstratified-material-of-any-kind-and-the-g-image369684570.html
RM2CDCGCA–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . c h < 7. LAKE TANGANYIKA. RUSI Birds- cc page 83. DWIGHT W. TAYLOR THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 83 on the Rusisi River, matters change; the floor of thevalley rises rapidly, for some 2,300 feet, and the risingground is composed of old folds of gneiss and schist,covered with deep red soil, and against which the modernlake deposits to the south, finally terminate. Upon thesegneissic ridges there is no trace of any lake-deposit orstratified material of any kind, and the g
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . s t- D O o ? ^ o ?B ^ WEISTEIRN SCARPS OF GCENTRALGRABEN CONGO WATERSHED lU SCARPS OFsiTRALGRAe.EN. [ To face page 89. THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 89 Chapter VII., totally different from that of Tanganyika.It is, in fact, the fauna of a great fresh-water pond, and inthe plains which run southward under the modern volcanicdebris of the Mfumbiro Mountains, and to the north,actually dip under the water of the Albert EdwardNyanza, there were encountered river-cuttings, in wh Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-s-t-d-o-o-o-b-weisteirn-scarps-of-gcentralgraben-congo-watershed-lu-scarps-ofsitralgraeen-to-face-page-89-the-tanganyika-problem-89-chapter-vii-totally-different-from-that-of-tanganyikait-is-in-fact-the-fauna-of-a-great-fresh-water-pond-and-inthe-plains-which-run-southward-under-the-modern-volcanicdebris-of-the-mfumbiro-mountains-and-to-the-northactually-dip-under-the-water-of-the-albert-edwardnyanza-there-were-encountered-river-cuttings-in-wh-image369684424.html
RM2CDCG74–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . s t- D O o ? ^ o ?B ^ WEISTEIRN SCARPS OF GCENTRALGRABEN CONGO WATERSHED lU SCARPS OFsiTRALGRAe.EN. [ To face page 89. THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 89 Chapter VII., totally different from that of Tanganyika.It is, in fact, the fauna of a great fresh-water pond, and inthe plains which run southward under the modern volcanicdebris of the Mfumbiro Mountains, and to the north,actually dip under the water of the Albert EdwardNyanza, there were encountered river-cuttings, in wh
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig- 31-—Xervous system of Tatis^anyuia ru/o/tlosa. A.,Yxomabove. B., Yrom the left side. r. g.. Cerebral ganglia inboth figures. into a large .sub-circular sac, which in the .specimens Iexamined was filled with young in various stages, and THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 249 evidently functioned as a brood pouch. The buccal massis very much reduced in Tanganyicia, appearing only asa slight dilation of the alimentary tube, and the tongueand the teeth (Fig. 32) are both propo Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-fig-31-xervous-system-of-tatisanyuia-ruotlosa-ayxomabove-b-yrom-the-left-side-r-g-cerebral-ganglia-inboth-figures-into-a-large-sub-circular-sac-which-in-the-specimens-iexamined-was-filled-with-young-in-various-stages-and-the-tanganyika-problem-249-evidently-functioned-as-a-brood-pouch-the-buccal-massis-very-much-reduced-in-tanganyicia-appearing-only-asa-slight-dilation-of-the-alimentary-tube-and-the-tongueand-the-teeth-fig-32-are-both-propo-image369682551.html
RM2CDCDT7–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Fig- 31-—Xervous system of Tatis^anyuia ru/o/tlosa. A.,Yxomabove. B., Yrom the left side. r. g.. Cerebral ganglia inboth figures. into a large .sub-circular sac, which in the .specimens Iexamined was filled with young in various stages, and THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 249 evidently functioned as a brood pouch. The buccal massis very much reduced in Tanganyicia, appearing only asa slight dilation of the alimentary tube, and the tongueand the teeth (Fig. 32) are both propo
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Lamprologus moorii. See p. 172.. Iaralilapia ventralis. See p. 180. 204 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 74. TiLAPIA TREMATOCEPHALA.—Blgr. I9OI. (Fig. p. 195. UppCF.) Depth of l)ody equal to length of head, 3.^ times in total length. Snout, withslightly convex upper profile, a little shorter than diameter of eye, which is contained3 times in length of head and exceeds intcrocular width ; mouth small, its widthhalf that of head, extending to between nostril and eye ; teeth ver Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-lamprologus-moorii-see-p-172-iaralilapia-ventralis-see-p-180-204-the-tanganyika-problem-74-tilapia-trematocephalablgr-i9oi-fig-p-195-uppcf-depth-of-lody-equal-to-length-of-head-3-times-in-total-length-snout-withslightly-convex-upper-profile-a-little-shorter-than-diameter-of-eye-which-is-contained3-times-in-length-of-head-and-exceeds-intcrocular-width-mouth-small-its-widthhalf-that-of-head-extending-to-between-nostril-and-eye-teeth-ver-image369683298.html
RM2CDCEPX–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Lamprologus moorii. See p. 172.. Iaralilapia ventralis. See p. 180. 204 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 74. TiLAPIA TREMATOCEPHALA.—Blgr. I9OI. (Fig. p. 195. UppCF.) Depth of l)ody equal to length of head, 3.^ times in total length. Snout, withslightly convex upper profile, a little shorter than diameter of eye, which is contained3 times in length of head and exceeds intcrocular width ; mouth small, its widthhalf that of head, extending to between nostril and eye ; teeth ver
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . u. 156 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 8. Barbus platvrhixus.—Blgr. 1900. (Fig., p. 157.) Depth of body 3] times in total length, length of head 4 times. Snout broadand rounded, twice as long as the diameter of the eye, which is contained 5.4 timesin the length of the head and 2} times in the intcrocular width ; mouth small, withtwo pairs of subequal barbels, the length of which equals the diameter of the eye.Dorsal III. 8 ; third ray not enlarged, not serrated ; the fin, wh Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-u-156-the-tanganyika-problem-8-barbus-platvrhixusblgr-1900-fig-p-157-depth-of-body-3-times-in-total-length-length-of-head-4-times-snout-broadand-rounded-twice-as-long-as-the-diameter-of-the-eye-which-is-contained-54-timesin-the-length-of-the-head-and-2-times-in-the-intcrocular-width-mouth-small-withtwo-pairs-of-subequal-barbels-the-length-of-which-equals-the-diameter-of-the-eyedorsal-iii-8-third-ray-not-enlarged-not-serrated-the-fin-wh-image369684147.html
RM2CDCFW7–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . u. 156 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 8. Barbus platvrhixus.—Blgr. 1900. (Fig., p. 157.) Depth of body 3] times in total length, length of head 4 times. Snout broadand rounded, twice as long as the diameter of the eye, which is contained 5.4 timesin the length of the head and 2} times in the intcrocular width ; mouth small, withtwo pairs of subequal barbels, the length of which equals the diameter of the eye.Dorsal III. 8 ; third ray not enlarged, not serrated ; the fin, wh
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Diagram IV.-Section through Lakes Tanganyika and Rukwa from North- East to North-West. Vertical I scale ;: 5, MAN EASTERN LINE OF FAULTING II ! EAST >. VALLEY OF LAKERUKWA SEA LEVEL ^To face page 44. THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 45 north of the present lake, that in this region we first en-counter true volcanic action in the shape of a number ofextinct volcanic cones, with circular craters, and deep bluecrater-lakes, phenomena which here repeat those to be foundin th Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-diagram-iv-section-through-lakes-tanganyika-and-rukwa-from-north-east-to-north-west-vertical-i-scale-5-man-eastern-line-of-faulting-ii-!-east-gt-valley-of-lakerukwa-sea-level-to-face-page-44-the-tanganyika-problem-45-north-of-the-present-lake-that-in-this-region-we-first-en-counter-true-volcanic-action-in-the-shape-of-a-number-ofextinct-volcanic-cones-with-circular-craters-and-deep-bluecrater-lakes-phenomena-which-here-repeat-those-to-be-foundin-th-image369685041.html
RM2CDCH15–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Diagram IV.-Section through Lakes Tanganyika and Rukwa from North- East to North-West. Vertical I scale ;: 5, MAN EASTERN LINE OF FAULTING II ! EAST >. VALLEY OF LAKERUKWA SEA LEVEL ^To face page 44. THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 45 north of the present lake, that in this region we first en-counter true volcanic action in the shape of a number ofextinct volcanic cones, with circular craters, and deep bluecrater-lakes, phenomena which here repeat those to be foundin th
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . ^lwero, of, 12S.,, phthinotropis, 131. J, rubicunda, 129, 131. ,, unicolor, 125, 130, 131. Volcanic dam North of Kivu, S4. Volcanoes, 36. , active, north of Kivu, 84., cause of in the floor of theeurycolpic fold, 52.in the floor of the Red Sea, 45.near mountain chains, 36.north of Kivu, ages and heightof, 85, 86., Nyassa valley, in the, 44, 45. south of the equator, 4., Tanganyika valley, in the, 45. WATERMARKS AND ANCIENTBEACHES ROUND THE NY-ANZAS, 89. Watershed of Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-lwero-of-12s-phthinotropis-131-j-rubicunda-129-131-unicolor-125-130-131-volcanic-dam-north-of-kivu-s4-volcanoes-36-active-north-of-kivu-84-cause-of-in-the-floor-of-theeurycolpic-fold-52in-the-floor-of-the-red-sea-45near-mountain-chains-36north-of-kivu-ages-and-heightof-85-86-nyassa-valley-in-the-44-45-south-of-the-equator-4-tanganyika-valley-in-the-45-watermarks-and-ancientbeaches-round-the-ny-anzas-89-watershed-of-image369681292.html
RM2CDCC78–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . ^lwero, of, 12S.,, phthinotropis, 131. J, rubicunda, 129, 131. ,, unicolor, 125, 130, 131. Volcanic dam North of Kivu, S4. Volcanoes, 36. , active, north of Kivu, 84., cause of in the floor of theeurycolpic fold, 52.in the floor of the Red Sea, 45.near mountain chains, 36.north of Kivu, ages and heightof, 85, 86., Nyassa valley, in the, 44, 45. south of the equator, 4., Tanganyika valley, in the, 45. WATERMARKS AND ANCIENTBEACHES ROUND THE NY-ANZAS, 89. Watershed of
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . againfound piled up at varying angles upon the intrusive core,and sloping towards Lake Tanganyika in a succession offlat-topped, forest-clad terraces, between which there arefaults represented in Diagram iv. at F.F,F, Thesesandstone slopes finally dip under the water of the south-eastern corner of Tanganyika at a fairly high angle. Havingreached this point on the shore of Lake Tanganyika, wefind before us to the west a deep depression, soundingsshowing a depth, in pl Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-againfound-piled-up-at-varying-angles-upon-the-intrusive-coreand-sloping-towards-lake-tanganyika-in-a-succession-offlat-topped-forest-clad-terraces-between-which-there-arefaults-represented-in-diagram-iv-at-fff-thesesandstone-slopes-finally-dip-under-the-water-of-the-south-eastern-corner-of-tanganyika-at-a-fairly-high-angle-havingreached-this-point-on-the-shore-of-lake-tanganyika-wefind-before-us-to-the-west-a-deep-depression-soundingsshowing-a-depth-in-pl-image369685008.html
RM2CDCH00–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . againfound piled up at varying angles upon the intrusive core,and sloping towards Lake Tanganyika in a succession offlat-topped, forest-clad terraces, between which there arefaults represented in Diagram iv. at F.F,F, Thesesandstone slopes finally dip under the water of the south-eastern corner of Tanganyika at a fairly high angle. Havingreached this point on the shore of Lake Tanganyika, wefind before us to the west a deep depression, soundingsshowing a depth, in pl
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . hwi, and occupied about three weeks. IIy highestpoint reached on the top of this ridge was 14,900 ft.After my return to Fort Jerry my colleague, Mr.Fergusson, made a separate journey to the mountains andreached a point nearer to the Mobuko glacier, 14,600 ft.This was the point subsequently reached by Sir HarryJohnston, who makes it 14,800 ft. Still later, Mr. Wilde,an officer of the Uganda Protectorate, reached a point onthe same or an adjacent ridge of 14,900 ft., Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-hwi-and-occupied-about-three-weeks-iiy-highestpoint-reached-on-the-top-of-this-ridge-was-14900-ftafter-my-return-to-fort-jerry-my-colleague-mrfergusson-made-a-separate-journey-to-the-mountains-andreached-a-point-nearer-to-the-mobuko-glacier-14600-ftthis-was-the-point-subsequently-reached-by-sir-harryjohnston-who-makes-it-14800-ft-still-later-mr-wildean-officer-of-the-uganda-protectorate-reached-a-point-onthe-same-or-an-adjacent-ridge-of-14900-ft-image369684386.html
RM2CDCG5P–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . hwi, and occupied about three weeks. IIy highestpoint reached on the top of this ridge was 14,900 ft.After my return to Fort Jerry my colleague, Mr.Fergusson, made a separate journey to the mountains andreached a point nearer to the Mobuko glacier, 14,600 ft.This was the point subsequently reached by Sir HarryJohnston, who makes it 14,800 ft. Still later, Mr. Wilde,an officer of the Uganda Protectorate, reached a point onthe same or an adjacent ridge of 14,900 ft.,
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . .55^ Barhus serrifcr. Sec [). 158. 208 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. the longest dorsals. Caudal with deep crescenlic notch. Caudal peduncle twice as lo 46—49 long as deep. Scales c>xloid, 8090 „! ^^^- ^ ^S—<i2 ^^^ ohvc-brown above, white below; faint dark bars across the back and four round dark spotson each side, the last at the root of the caudal ; tins yellowish.Total length, 115 niillim.. Described from two specimens. Native name, Mocupi. As in Tilapia desfonta Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-55-barhus-serrifcr-sec-158-208-the-tanganyika-problem-the-longest-dorsals-caudal-with-deep-crescenlic-notch-caudal-peduncle-twice-as-lo-4649-long-as-deep-scales-cgtxloid-8090-!-slti2-ohvc-brown-above-white-below-faint-dark-bars-across-the-back-and-four-round-dark-spotson-each-side-the-last-at-the-root-of-the-caudal-tins-yellowishtotal-length-115-niillim-described-from-two-specimens-native-name-mocupi-as-in-tilapia-desfonta-image369683127.html
RM2CDCEGR–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . .55^ Barhus serrifcr. Sec [). 158. 208 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. the longest dorsals. Caudal with deep crescenlic notch. Caudal peduncle twice as lo 46—49 long as deep. Scales c>xloid, 8090 „! ^^^- ^ ^S—<i2 ^^^ ohvc-brown above, white below; faint dark bars across the back and four round dark spotson each side, the last at the root of the caudal ; tins yellowish.Total length, 115 niillim.. Described from two specimens. Native name, Mocupi. As in Tilapia desfonta
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Lamprologus modestus. See p. 170. Lake Tanganyika. It is very closely allied to P. ventralis, Blgr., from which itdiffers in the dentition and in the shorter pectoral fin. 46. Paratilapia furcifer, sp. n.—Blgr. 1898. (Fig., p. 177.) Teeth very small, in three series in both jaws, the outer largest and tipped withbrown. Depth of body equal to length of head, 3 times in total length. Snoutwith curved upper profile, a little shorter than the eye, the diameter of which i Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-lamprologus-modestus-see-p-170-lake-tanganyika-it-is-very-closely-allied-to-p-ventralis-blgr-from-which-itdiffers-in-the-dentition-and-in-the-shorter-pectoral-fin-46-paratilapia-furcifer-sp-nblgr-1898-fig-p-177-teeth-very-small-in-three-series-in-both-jaws-the-outer-largest-and-tipped-withbrown-depth-of-body-equal-to-length-of-head-3-times-in-total-length-snoutwith-curved-upper-profile-a-little-shorter-than-the-eye-the-diameter-of-which-i-image369683769.html
RM2CDCFBN–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Lamprologus modestus. See p. 170. Lake Tanganyika. It is very closely allied to P. ventralis, Blgr., from which itdiffers in the dentition and in the shorter pectoral fin. 46. Paratilapia furcifer, sp. n.—Blgr. 1898. (Fig., p. 177.) Teeth very small, in three series in both jaws, the outer largest and tipped withbrown. Depth of body equal to length of head, 3 times in total length. Snoutwith curved upper profile, a little shorter than the eye, the diameter of which i
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . ad, not reaching the ventral, which is inserted under the first rays ofthe dorsal. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales 68-70 i ^, 9 or 10 between the lateral line and the root of the ventral. 14—15 Olive above, each scale darker at the base, silvery white lieneath ; fins greyish. Total length, 320 millim. Described from three specimens from the north end of Lake Tanganyika. The discovery of a species of this genus in Lake Tanganyika is parti Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-ad-not-reaching-the-ventral-which-is-inserted-under-the-first-rays-ofthe-dorsal-caudal-forked-caudal-peduncle-twice-as-long-as-deep-scales-68-70-i-9-or-10-between-the-lateral-line-and-the-root-of-the-ventral-1415-olive-above-each-scale-darker-at-the-base-silvery-white-lieneath-fins-greyish-total-length-320-millim-described-from-three-specimens-from-the-north-end-of-lake-tanganyika-the-discovery-of-a-species-of-this-genus-in-lake-tanganyika-is-parti-image369684160.html
RM2CDCFWM–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . ad, not reaching the ventral, which is inserted under the first rays ofthe dorsal. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales 68-70 i ^, 9 or 10 between the lateral line and the root of the ventral. 14—15 Olive above, each scale darker at the base, silvery white lieneath ; fins greyish. Total length, 320 millim. Described from three specimens from the north end of Lake Tanganyika. The discovery of a species of this genus in Lake Tanganyika is parti
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Iaralilapia ventralis. See p. 180. 204 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 74. TiLAPIA TREMATOCEPHALA.—Blgr. I9OI. (Fig. p. 195. UppCF.) Depth of l)ody equal to length of head, 3.^ times in total length. Snout, withslightly convex upper profile, a little shorter than diameter of eye, which is contained3 times in length of head and exceeds intcrocular width ; mouth small, its widthhalf that of head, extending to between nostril and eye ; teeth very small, in 2 rows,outer hicuspid Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-iaralilapia-ventralis-see-p-180-204-the-tanganyika-problem-74-tilapia-trematocephalablgr-i9oi-fig-p-195-uppcf-depth-of-lody-equal-to-length-of-head-3-times-in-total-length-snout-withslightly-convex-upper-profile-a-little-shorter-than-diameter-of-eye-which-is-contained3-times-in-length-of-head-and-exceeds-intcrocular-width-mouth-small-its-widthhalf-that-of-head-extending-to-between-nostril-and-eye-teeth-very-small-in-2-rowsouter-hicuspid-image369683324.html
RM2CDCERT–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Iaralilapia ventralis. See p. 180. 204 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 74. TiLAPIA TREMATOCEPHALA.—Blgr. I9OI. (Fig. p. 195. UppCF.) Depth of l)ody equal to length of head, 3.^ times in total length. Snout, withslightly convex upper profile, a little shorter than diameter of eye, which is contained3 times in length of head and exceeds intcrocular width ; mouth small, its widthhalf that of head, extending to between nostril and eye ; teeth very small, in 2 rows,outer hicuspid
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . oux, the onlyspecies known from North America, is somewhat similar to the present form, but,so far as can be judged from the more or less defective figures and descriptions ofRoux (Ann. Sc. Nat. xxviii. 1833, p. 73, pi. vii. f. 2) and Klunzinger (Zeiischr.f. wiss. Zool. xvi. 1866, p. 357, pi. XX.), appears to present distinctive characters.Both these authors figure the rostrum with a very convex upper edge. Klunzinger gives the number of serrations as - •, Kdux figur Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-oux-the-onlyspecies-known-from-north-america-is-somewhat-similar-to-the-present-form-butso-far-as-can-be-judged-from-the-more-or-less-defective-figures-and-descriptions-ofroux-ann-sc-nat-xxviii-1833-p-73-pi-vii-f-2-and-klunzinger-zeiischrf-wiss-zool-xvi-1866-p-357-pi-xx-appears-to-present-distinctive-charactersboth-these-authors-figure-the-rostrum-with-a-very-convex-upper-edge-klunzinger-gives-the-number-of-serrations-as-kdux-figur-image369682010.html
RM2CDCD4X–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . oux, the onlyspecies known from North America, is somewhat similar to the present form, but,so far as can be judged from the more or less defective figures and descriptions ofRoux (Ann. Sc. Nat. xxviii. 1833, p. 73, pi. vii. f. 2) and Klunzinger (Zeiischr.f. wiss. Zool. xvi. 1866, p. 357, pi. XX.), appears to present distinctive characters.Both these authors figure the rostrum with a very convex upper edge. Klunzinger gives the number of serrations as - •, Kdux figur
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . times in length of head, twice in interorbital width. Gill-cleft very narrow,not extending below base of pectoral. Maxillary barbel simple, reaching a littlebeyond anterior third of pectoral spine ; mandibular barbels strongly fringed, outera little more than twice as long as inner, and half as long as maxillaries. DorsalH. 7; spine strong, a little shorter than the head, strongly serrated behind in itsdistal half. Adipose fin low, a little shorter than the head, twi Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-times-in-length-of-head-twice-in-interorbital-width-gill-cleft-very-narrownot-extending-below-base-of-pectoral-maxillary-barbel-simple-reaching-a-littlebeyond-anterior-third-of-pectoral-spine-mandibular-barbels-strongly-fringed-outera-little-more-than-twice-as-long-as-inner-and-half-as-long-as-maxillaries-dorsalh-7-spine-strong-a-little-shorter-than-the-head-strongly-serrated-behind-in-itsdistal-half-adipose-fin-low-a-little-shorter-than-the-head-twi-image369684105.html
RM2CDCFRN–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . times in length of head, twice in interorbital width. Gill-cleft very narrow,not extending below base of pectoral. Maxillary barbel simple, reaching a littlebeyond anterior third of pectoral spine ; mandibular barbels strongly fringed, outera little more than twice as long as inner, and half as long as maxillaries. DorsalH. 7; spine strong, a little shorter than the head, strongly serrated behind in itsdistal half. Adipose fin low, a little shorter than the head, twi
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . genus Cerithium. It alsostrongly resembles that of the genus Tanganyicia. Viewedfrom above, Fig. 23, the cerebral ganglia are seen to beclosely fused together, while the left pleural and sub-in-testinal ganglion, as in Ceritlmuii, form a single massivetrunk, which at its hinder extremity gives rise to the sub- * Loc. cit., Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., Vul. 41, 1898, p. 190.t Ann. Dis. Sci. Nat., 1887, PP- I3i-i35. p- ^i- i6 242 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. intestinal and vis Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-genus-cerithium-it-alsostrongly-resembles-that-of-the-genus-tanganyicia-viewedfrom-above-fig-23-the-cerebral-ganglia-are-seen-to-beclosely-fused-together-while-the-left-pleural-and-sub-in-testinal-ganglion-as-in-ceritlmuii-form-a-single-massivetrunk-which-at-its-hinder-extremity-gives-rise-to-the-sub-loc-cit-quart-journ-micr-sci-vul-41-1898-p-190t-ann-dis-sci-nat-1887-pp-i3i-i35-p-i-i6-242-the-tanganyika-problem-intestinal-and-vis-image369682667.html
RM2CDCE0B–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . genus Cerithium. It alsostrongly resembles that of the genus Tanganyicia. Viewedfrom above, Fig. 23, the cerebral ganglia are seen to beclosely fused together, while the left pleural and sub-in-testinal ganglion, as in Ceritlmuii, form a single massivetrunk, which at its hinder extremity gives rise to the sub- * Loc. cit., Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., Vul. 41, 1898, p. 190.t Ann. Dis. Sci. Nat., 1887, PP- I3i-i35. p- ^i- i6 242 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. intestinal and vis
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . jf the Moon. LAKE RUISAMBA. [To face page io6. CONGO WATERSHED / western scarps of great central ^ graben SEMLIKI RIVER mountains ofthe(ruwenzori^ 14^000 -16500 F. eastern scarps of great centralgraben MOON. ALBERT EDWARD NYANZA3,I06FT. Birds-eye view from the Albert Edward Nyanza looking North down the Semliki Valley and towards the Mountains [To face page lo6. loy CHAPTER VI. AFRICAN PARK-LANDS, THEIR APPEARANCE ON ALLUVIALFLATS CONSIDERED AS EVIDENCE OF RECENT PHY Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-jf-the-moon-lake-ruisamba-to-face-page-io6-congo-watershed-western-scarps-of-great-central-graben-semliki-river-mountains-oftheruwenzori-14000-16500-f-eastern-scarps-of-great-centralgraben-moon-albert-edward-nyanza3i06ft-birds-eye-view-from-the-albert-edward-nyanza-looking-north-down-the-semliki-valley-and-towards-the-mountains-to-face-page-lo6-loy-chapter-vi-african-park-lands-their-appearance-on-alluvialflats-considered-as-evidence-of-recent-phy-image369684292.html
RM2CDCG2C–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . jf the Moon. LAKE RUISAMBA. [To face page io6. CONGO WATERSHED / western scarps of great central ^ graben SEMLIKI RIVER mountains ofthe(ruwenzori^ 14^000 -16500 F. eastern scarps of great centralgraben MOON. ALBERT EDWARD NYANZA3,I06FT. Birds-eye view from the Albert Edward Nyanza looking North down the Semliki Valley and towards the Mountains [To face page lo6. loy CHAPTER VI. AFRICAN PARK-LANDS, THEIR APPEARANCE ON ALLUVIALFLATS CONSIDERED AS EVIDENCE OF RECENT PHY
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . 3?, ; lat. i. Pale olive atxjve, silverj beneath, with seven darker vertical bars ; fins greyish brown.Total length, 76 millim.Described from a single specimen from Kinyamkolo. 42. Paratilapia CALLiURA.—Blgr. 1901. (Fig., p. 175.) Depth of body 4 to 4^ times in total length ; length of head, 3 to 3.^ times.Snout pointed, with straight upper profile, as long as or a little shorter than the THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 179 eye, the diameter of which is double the interocula Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-3-lat-i-pale-olive-atxjve-silverj-beneath-with-seven-darker-vertical-bars-fins-greyish-browntotal-length-76-millimdescribed-from-a-single-specimen-from-kinyamkolo-42-paratilapia-calliurablgr-1901-fig-p-175-depth-of-body-4-to-4-times-in-total-length-length-of-head-3-to-3-timessnout-pointed-with-straight-upper-profile-as-long-as-or-a-little-shorter-than-the-the-tanganyika-problem-179-eye-the-diameter-of-which-is-double-the-interocula-image369683826.html
RM2CDCFDP–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . 3?, ; lat. i. Pale olive atxjve, silverj beneath, with seven darker vertical bars ; fins greyish brown.Total length, 76 millim.Described from a single specimen from Kinyamkolo. 42. Paratilapia CALLiURA.—Blgr. 1901. (Fig., p. 175.) Depth of body 4 to 4^ times in total length ; length of head, 3 to 3.^ times.Snout pointed, with straight upper profile, as long as or a little shorter than the THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 179 eye, the diameter of which is double the interocula
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . 115 millim. Described from a single spjecimen. 77. TiL.PiA ^^ICROLElIS.—Blgr. 1899. (Fig. facing p. 204.) Teeth very small, in 4 series close together in both jaws, outer larger, biscupid,with a principal and a small lateral cusp. Depth of body 3^ to 4 times in totallength, length of head 3. Snout, with straight or slightly convex upper profile, hthe diameter of the eye, which is nearly 4 times in length of head and equals inter-orbital width ; mouth moderate, its Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-115-millim-described-from-a-single-spjecimen-77-tilpia-icrolelisblgr-1899-fig-facing-p-204-teeth-very-small-in-4-series-close-together-in-both-jaws-outer-larger-biscupidwith-a-principal-and-a-small-lateral-cusp-depth-of-body-3-to-4-times-in-totallength-length-of-head-3-snout-with-straight-or-slightly-convex-upper-profile-hthe-diameter-of-the-eye-which-is-nearly-4-times-in-length-of-head-and-equals-inter-orbital-width-mouth-moderate-its-image369683195.html
RM2CDCEK7–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . 115 millim. Described from a single spjecimen. 77. TiL.PiA ^^ICROLElIS.—Blgr. 1899. (Fig. facing p. 204.) Teeth very small, in 4 series close together in both jaws, outer larger, biscupid,with a principal and a small lateral cusp. Depth of body 3^ to 4 times in totallength, length of head 3. Snout, with straight or slightly convex upper profile, hthe diameter of the eye, which is nearly 4 times in length of head and equals inter-orbital width ; mouth moderate, its
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Caudal deeply emarginate, crescentic. Caudal peduncle 3 times as long as deep. Scales 2 27 strongly denticulate, 38 — ; lat. i. —. Brown, darker on the snout and vertex ; a blackish opercular spot; fins greyish.Total length, 95 millim.Described from a single specimen from Msambu. 81. Eretmodus cvanostictus.—Blegr. 1898. (Fig. p. 187. Upper.) Eight or 10 transverse series of teeth in each jaw, the crowns reddish brown.Depth of body equal to length of head, 3 times in Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-caudal-deeply-emarginate-crescentic-caudal-peduncle-3-times-as-long-as-deep-scales-2-27-strongly-denticulate-38-lat-i-brown-darker-on-the-snout-and-vertex-a-blackish-opercular-spot-fins-greyishtotal-length-95-millimdescribed-from-a-single-specimen-from-msambu-81-eretmodus-cvanostictusblegr-1898-fig-p-187-upper-eight-or-10-transverse-series-of-teeth-in-each-jaw-the-crowns-reddish-browndepth-of-body-equal-to-length-of-head-3-times-in-image369683179.html
RM2CDCEJK–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Caudal deeply emarginate, crescentic. Caudal peduncle 3 times as long as deep. Scales 2 27 strongly denticulate, 38 — ; lat. i. —. Brown, darker on the snout and vertex ; a blackish opercular spot; fins greyish.Total length, 95 millim.Described from a single specimen from Msambu. 81. Eretmodus cvanostictus.—Blegr. 1898. (Fig. p. 187. Upper.) Eight or 10 transverse series of teeth in each jaw, the crowns reddish brown.Depth of body equal to length of head, 3 times in
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . m two specimens. Native name, Losorella. 55. EcTODUS LONGiANALis.-—Bouleiig. 1899. (Fig., pp. 205 and 175.) Depth of body 5 times in total length, length of head 3. Snout long, withslightly convex upper profile, i.^ diameter of eye, which is 3.4 times in length ofhead and nearly i^ interorbital width ; maxillary extending to between nostril andeye ; three series of scales on the cheek ; deciduous scales on the opercle. Gill-rakers short, 12 on lower part of anterior Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-m-two-specimens-native-name-losorella-55-ectodus-longianalis-bouleiig-1899-fig-pp-205-and-175-depth-of-body-5-times-in-total-length-length-of-head-3-snout-long-withslightly-convex-upper-profile-i-diameter-of-eye-which-is-34-times-in-length-ofhead-and-nearly-i-interorbital-width-maxillary-extending-to-between-nostril-andeye-three-series-of-scales-on-the-cheek-deciduous-scales-on-the-opercle-gill-rakers-short-12-on-lower-part-of-anterior-image369683691.html
RM2CDCF8Y–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . m two specimens. Native name, Losorella. 55. EcTODUS LONGiANALis.-—Bouleiig. 1899. (Fig., pp. 205 and 175.) Depth of body 5 times in total length, length of head 3. Snout long, withslightly convex upper profile, i.^ diameter of eye, which is 3.4 times in length ofhead and nearly i^ interorbital width ; maxillary extending to between nostril andeye ; three series of scales on the cheek ; deciduous scales on the opercle. Gill-rakers short, 12 on lower part of anterior
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Trematocara iinimaculatum. See p. 192.. Paralilapia leptosoma. See p. 182. )2 rilK TANGAXYIK.l PROBLEM. 72. TiLAPIA I.ABIATA. Hlgf. I 898. (Fig. p. I 73.) Outer teeth rather large, feebly notched ; inner teeth very small, tricuspid,in 3 or 4 series. Depth of lx>dy etjual to length of head, 2?) to 2J times intotal length. Snout, with straight upper profile, I4 to diameter of eye, which is3! to 4} limes in length of head and equals interorhital width ; maxillary Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-trematocara-iinimaculatum-see-p-192-paralilapia-leptosoma-see-p-182-2-rilk-tangaxyikl-problem-72-tilapia-iabiata-hlgf-i-898-fig-p-i-73-outer-teeth-rather-large-feebly-notched-inner-teeth-very-small-tricuspidin-3-or-4-series-depth-of-lxgtdy-etjual-to-length-of-head-2-to-2j-times-intotal-length-snout-with-straight-upper-profile-i4-to-diameter-of-eye-which-is3!-to-4-limes-in-length-of-head-and-equals-interorhital-width-maxillary-image369683368.html
RM2CDCEWC–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Trematocara iinimaculatum. See p. 192.. Paralilapia leptosoma. See p. 182. )2 rilK TANGAXYIK.l PROBLEM. 72. TiLAPIA I.ABIATA. Hlgf. I 898. (Fig. p. I 73.) Outer teeth rather large, feebly notched ; inner teeth very small, tricuspid,in 3 or 4 series. Depth of lx>dy etjual to length of head, 2?) to 2J times intotal length. Snout, with straight upper profile, I4 to diameter of eye, which is3! to 4} limes in length of head and equals interorhital width ; maxillary
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Ectodus longianalis. See p. 1S8.Another specimen figured on p. 205.. Tilapia Ijoops. See p. 204. 1/6 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 37. JiLiDOCHROMis ORNATUS.—Blgr. 1898. (Fig., p. 185, upper.) Four or 6 canines in each jaw, tipped with brown. Depth of Iwdy 4 to 4^ limes in total length, length of head }, to 3.4. Snout to twice as long as diameter of eye, which is 4.J to 5 times in length of head and h in interorbital width ; maxillary extending to below nostril ; chee Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-ectodus-longianalis-see-p-1s8another-specimen-figured-on-p-205-tilapia-ijoops-see-p-204-16-the-tanganyika-problem-37-jilidochromis-ornatusblgr-1898-fig-p-185-upper-four-or-6-canines-in-each-jaw-tipped-with-brown-depth-of-iwdy-4-to-4-limes-in-total-length-length-of-head-to-34-snout-to-twice-as-long-as-diameter-of-eye-which-is-4j-to-5-times-in-length-of-head-and-h-in-interorbital-width-maxillary-extending-to-below-nostril-chee-image369683849.html
RM2CDCFEH–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Ectodus longianalis. See p. 1S8.Another specimen figured on p. 205.. Tilapia Ijoops. See p. 204. 1/6 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 37. JiLiDOCHROMis ORNATUS.—Blgr. 1898. (Fig., p. 185, upper.) Four or 6 canines in each jaw, tipped with brown. Depth of Iwdy 4 to 4^ limes in total length, length of head }, to 3.4. Snout to twice as long as diameter of eye, which is 4.J to 5 times in length of head and h in interorbital width ; maxillary extending to below nostril ; chee
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Ectodus melanogenys. See p. li. Tilapia grandoculis. See p. 206. 13 194 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 61. Telematochromis viTTATUS.—Blgr. 1898, (Fig. p. 187. Middle.) Twelve to 16 enlarged conical teeth, tipped with brown, in the outer row in eachjaw. Depth of body 4.4 to 45 times in total length, length of head 4. Snoutdescending in a strong cure, as long as or a little longer than the diameter of the eye,which is 3i5 104 times in length of head and equals interorbital w Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-ectodus-melanogenys-see-p-li-tilapia-grandoculis-see-p-206-13-194-the-tanganyika-problem-61-telematochromis-vittatusblgr-1898-fig-p-187-middle-twelve-to-16-enlarged-conical-teeth-tipped-with-brown-in-the-outer-row-in-eachjaw-depth-of-body-44-to-45-times-in-total-length-length-of-head-4-snoutdescending-in-a-strong-cure-as-long-as-or-a-little-longer-than-the-diameter-of-the-eyewhich-is-3i5-104-times-in-length-of-head-and-equals-interorbital-w-image369683620.html
RM2CDCF6C–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Ectodus melanogenys. See p. li. Tilapia grandoculis. See p. 206. 13 194 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 61. Telematochromis viTTATUS.—Blgr. 1898, (Fig. p. 187. Middle.) Twelve to 16 enlarged conical teeth, tipped with brown, in the outer row in eachjaw. Depth of body 4.4 to 45 times in total length, length of head 4. Snoutdescending in a strong cure, as long as or a little longer than the diameter of the eye,which is 3i5 104 times in length of head and equals interorbital w
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Mastacembelus tKoiatus. See p. 216.. 0^ Ierissodus micrf)lepis. See p. 212. 2 14 THE TANGANYIKA rROBLE.f. MASTACEMBELID.K. 86. jMastackmuklus frkxatis.—Blgr. 1901. (Fig. p. 215. Upiicr.) Depth of body 13 times in total kMigth, length of head 8^ times. Vent e(]uallydistant from end of snout and from caudal fin, separated from head by a space equalto 3§ times length of latter. Snout 3 times length of eye, produced into a trifidappendage, the length of which exceeds a Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-mastacembelus-tkoiatus-see-p-216-0-ierissodus-micrflepis-see-p-212-2-14-the-tanganyika-rroblef-mastacembelidk-86-jmastackmuklus-frkxatisblgr-1901-fig-p-215-upiicr-depth-of-body-13-times-in-total-kmigth-length-of-head-8-times-vent-e-uallydistant-from-end-of-snout-and-from-caudal-fin-separated-from-head-by-a-space-equalto-3-times-length-of-latter-snout-3-times-length-of-eye-produced-into-a-trifidappendage-the-length-of-which-exceeds-a-image369683136.html
RM2CDCEH4–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Mastacembelus tKoiatus. See p. 216.. 0^ Ierissodus micrf)lepis. See p. 212. 2 14 THE TANGANYIKA rROBLE.f. MASTACEMBELID.K. 86. jMastackmuklus frkxatis.—Blgr. 1901. (Fig. p. 215. Upiicr.) Depth of body 13 times in total kMigth, length of head 8^ times. Vent e(]uallydistant from end of snout and from caudal fin, separated from head by a space equalto 3§ times length of latter. Snout 3 times length of eye, produced into a trifidappendage, the length of which exceeds a
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . h, length of head 3 times.Snout long and strongly compressed, with convex upper profile ; eye large, itsdiameter i| times in length of snout, 3^ in length of head, and a little greater thaninterorbital width ; maxillary not quite reaching to below anterior border of eye ;five series of small scales on the cheek ; large scales on the opercle. Gill-rakersmoderately long and slender, 13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XI. 16 ;spines rather feeble, slender, subeq Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-h-length-of-head-3-timessnout-long-and-strongly-compressed-with-convex-upper-profile-eye-large-itsdiameter-i-times-in-length-of-snout-3-in-length-of-head-and-a-little-greater-thaninterorbital-width-maxillary-not-quite-reaching-to-below-anterior-border-of-eye-five-series-of-small-scales-on-the-cheek-large-scales-on-the-opercle-gill-rakersmoderately-long-and-slender-13-on-lower-part-of-anterior-arch-dorsal-xi-16-spines-rather-feeble-slender-subeq-image369683789.html
RM2CDCFCD–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . h, length of head 3 times.Snout long and strongly compressed, with convex upper profile ; eye large, itsdiameter i| times in length of snout, 3^ in length of head, and a little greater thaninterorbital width ; maxillary not quite reaching to below anterior border of eye ;five series of small scales on the cheek ; large scales on the opercle. Gill-rakersmoderately long and slender, 13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XI. 16 ;spines rather feeble, slender, subeq
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Diagram III.—Through Mo^nt Waller from East to West, showing Raised Lake Deposits. s.ucce:&?.ve faulting on slopes of mountas MAN UNL OF FAULTING ON THE WEST II^WE&T SUBMERGED CUFF WESTERN SCARPS 6-7000 FT. FAULTING ON THE EAST SIDE OFKINYAMKOLO ISLAND OFF CAPEf KINYAMKOLO ISLAND MOUNTAINS 10,000 FT. Diagram IV.-Section through Lakes Tanganyika and Rukwa from K. orth-East to North-West. Vertical scale > Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-diagram-iiithrough-mont-waller-from-east-to-west-showing-raised-lake-deposits-succeve-faulting-on-slopes-of-mountas-man-unl-of-faulting-on-the-west-iiwet-submerged-cuff-western-scarps-6-7000-ft-faulting-on-the-east-side-ofkinyamkolo-island-off-capef-kinyamkolo-island-mountains-10000-ft-diagram-iv-section-through-lakes-tanganyika-and-rukwa-from-k-orth-east-to-north-west-vertical-scale-gt-image369685083.html
RM2CDCH2K–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Diagram III.—Through Mo^nt Waller from East to West, showing Raised Lake Deposits. s.ucce:&?.ve faulting on slopes of mountas MAN UNL OF FAULTING ON THE WEST II^WE&T SUBMERGED CUFF WESTERN SCARPS 6-7000 FT. FAULTING ON THE EAST SIDE OFKINYAMKOLO ISLAND OFF CAPEf KINYAMKOLO ISLAND MOUNTAINS 10,000 FT. Diagram IV.-Section through Lakes Tanganyika and Rukwa from K. orth-East to North-West. Vertical scale >
. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Barilius moorii. See p. 158. which is 4 to 4^ times in length of head andl^ injnterorbital width ; mouth hardlyextending to below anterior border of eye ; 4 or 5 series of scales on the cheek ;large scales on the opercle. Gill-rakers very short, 12 or 13 on lower part ofanterior arch. Dorsal XVII.-XVIII. 8-9 ; spines increasing in length to the sixthor seventh, which measures about f length of head; longest soft rays J to 3 length ofhead Pectoral nearly as long as he Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-tanganyika-problem-an-account-of-the-researches-undertaken-concerning-the-existence-of-marine-animals-in-central-africa-barilius-moorii-see-p-158-which-is-4-to-4-times-in-length-of-head-andl-injnterorbital-width-mouth-hardlyextending-to-below-anterior-border-of-eye-4-or-5-series-of-scales-on-the-cheek-large-scales-on-the-opercle-gill-rakers-very-short-12-or-13-on-lower-part-ofanterior-arch-dorsal-xvii-xviii-8-9-spines-increasing-in-length-to-the-sixthor-seventh-which-measures-about-f-length-of-head-longest-soft-rays-j-to-3-length-ofhead-pectoral-nearly-as-long-as-he-image369683160.html
RM2CDCEJ0–. The Tanganyika problem; an account of the researches undertaken concerning the existence of marine animals in Central Africa . Barilius moorii. See p. 158. which is 4 to 4^ times in length of head andl^ injnterorbital width ; mouth hardlyextending to below anterior border of eye ; 4 or 5 series of scales on the cheek ;large scales on the opercle. Gill-rakers very short, 12 or 13 on lower part ofanterior arch. Dorsal XVII.-XVIII. 8-9 ; spines increasing in length to the sixthor seventh, which measures about f length of head; longest soft rays J to 3 length ofhead Pectoral nearly as long as he
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