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New Creative Relevant Search filters Postfrontal Stock Photos and Images  (213) Narrow your search: Black & white | Cut Outs Page 1 of 3 . Chordate morphology. Morphology (Animals); Chordata. postorbital postfrontal intertemporal supratemporal septomoxilla prefrontal lacrimal nasal. posttemporal fenestra , , squamosal tabular ^ columella (stapes) quadrate quadratojugal quadrate pterygoid. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Jollie, Malcolm. New York, Reinhold . Chordate morphology. Morphology (Animals); Chordata. postorbital postfrontal intertemporal supratemporal septomoxilla prefrontal lacrimal nasal. posttemporal fenestra , , squamosal tabular ^ columella (stapes) quadrate quadratojugal quadrate pterygoid. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Jollie, Malcolm. New York, Reinholdhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/chordate-morphology-morphology-animals-chordata-postorbital-postfrontal-intertemporal-supratemporal-septomoxilla-prefrontal-lacrimal-nasal-posttemporal-fenestra-squamosal-tabular-columella-stapes-quadrate-quadratojugal-quadrate-pterygoid-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-jollie-malcolm-new-york-reinhold-image234909002.html . On the anatomy of vertebrates. Vertebrates; Anatomy, Comparative; 1866. MYOLOGY or FISHES. 207 dible aftei- they may have been divaricated. The latter movement depends upon the drawing upward and outward of the tympanic pedicle. This action is performed chiefly by the muscle, levator tyrnpani, figs. 134 and 137, 24, which arises from the postfrontal and expands to be inserted into the epi- and pre-tympanics and into the ectopterygoid. In raising or drawing outward the tym- panic pedicle and attached part of the pterygoid, this muscle tends to dilate the Ijranchial cavity and the back part of . On the anatomy of vertebrates. Vertebrates; Anatomy, Comparative; 1866. MYOLOGY or FISHES. 207 dible aftei- they may have been divaricated. The latter movement depends upon the drawing upward and outward of the tympanic pedicle. This action is performed chiefly by the muscle, levator tyrnpani, figs. 134 and 137, 24, which arises from the postfrontal and expands to be inserted into the epi- and pre-tympanics and into the ectopterygoid. In raising or drawing outward the tym- panic pedicle and attached part of the pterygoid, this muscle tends to dilate the Ijranchial cavity and the back part ofhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/on-the-anatomy-of-vertebrates-vertebrates-anatomy-comparative-1866-myology-or-fishes-207-dible-aftei-they-may-have-been-divaricated-the-latter-movement-depends-upon-the-drawing-upward-and-outward-of-the-tympanic-pedicle-this-action-is-performed-chiefly-by-the-muscle-levator-tyrnpani-figs-134-and-137-24-which-arises-from-the-postfrontal-and-expands-to-be-inserted-into-the-epi-and-pre-tympanics-and-into-the-ectopterygoid-in-raising-or-drawing-outward-the-tym-panic-pedicle-and-attached-part-of-the-pterygoid-this-muscle-tends-to-dilate-the-ijranchial-cavity-and-the-back-part-of-image216417543.html Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes: a monograph of the Canidae. With woodcuts, and 45 coloured plates drawn from nature by J.G. Keulemans and hand-coloured dogsjackalswolve00mivauoft Year: 1890 CANIS LAG OPUS. 115 Centimeters. Lentil from snout to root of tail 70*0 „ of tail 31-0 „ from lieel to end of longest digit IS'O „ of ear 4-3 Cranial and Dental Characters. The skull of the Arctic Fox is remarkable at the first glance from its swollen appearance at the root of the muzzle between and beneath the orbits. The postfrontal processes are more or less concave d Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes: a monograph of the Canidae. With woodcuts, and 45 coloured plates drawn from nature by J.G. Keulemans and hand-coloured dogsjackalswolve00mivauoft Year: 1890 CANIS LAG OPUS. 115 Centimeters. Lentil from snout to root of tail 70*0 „ of tail 31-0 „ from lieel to end of longest digit IS'O „ of ear 4-3 Cranial and Dental Characters. The skull of the Arctic Fox is remarkable at the first glance from its swollen appearance at the root of the muzzle between and beneath the orbits. The postfrontal processes are more or less concave dhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/dogs-jackals-wolves-and-foxes-dogs-jackals-wolves-and-foxes-a-monograph-of-the-canidae-with-woodcuts-and-45-coloured-plates-drawn-from-nature-by-jg-keulemans-and-hand-coloured-dogsjackalswolve00mivauoft-year-1890-canis-lag-opus-115-centimeters-lentil-from-snout-to-root-of-tail-700-of-tail-31-0-from-lieel-to-end-of-longest-digit-iso-of-ear-4-3-cranial-and-dental-characters-the-skull-of-the-arctic-fox-is-remarkable-at-the-first-glance-from-its-swollen-appearance-at-the-root-of-the-muzzle-between-and-beneath-the-orbits-the-postfrontal-processes-are-more-or-less-concave-d-image241947595.html Different types of reptilian skulls. Different types of reptilian skulls.https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-different-types-of-reptilian-skulls-24898568.html . The annals and magazine of natural history : zoology, botany, and geology . they are onlyseparated by the pineal plate. The postfrontal is fused withthe suborbital. If Jaskel be correct in regarding Homosteus as intermediate * It is noteworthy that Coccosteus resembles Polypterus iu the positionof the nostrils also. t In both cases this bone has been interpreted by some authorities asother than opercular, so that it would be perhaps better to say there is inboth a similarly placed bone which may be regarded as an operculum. % See Smith Woodward, Vertebrate Palaeontology p 12 (1898) andCat. F . The annals and magazine of natural history : zoology, botany, and geology . they are onlyseparated by the pineal plate. The postfrontal is fused withthe suborbital. If Jaskel be correct in regarding Homosteus as intermediate * It is noteworthy that Coccosteus resembles Polypterus iu the positionof the nostrils also. t In both cases this bone has been interpreted by some authorities asother than opercular, so that it would be perhaps better to say there is inboth a similarly placed bone which may be regarded as an operculum. % See Smith Woodward, Vertebrate Palaeontology p 12 (1898) andCat. Fhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-annals-and-magazine-of-natural-history-zoology-botany-and-geology-they-are-onlyseparated-by-the-pineal-plate-the-postfrontal-is-fused-withthe-suborbital-if-jaskel-be-correct-in-regarding-homosteus-as-intermediate-it-is-noteworthy-that-coccosteus-resembles-polypterus-iu-the-positionof-the-nostrils-also-t-in-both-cases-this-bone-has-been-interpreted-by-some-authorities-asother-than-opercular-so-that-it-would-be-perhaps-better-to-say-there-is-inboth-a-similarly-placed-bone-which-may-be-regarded-as-an-operculum-see-smith-woodward-vertebrate-palaeontology-p-12-1898-andcat-f-image369656775.html . On the anatomy of vertebrates. Vertebrates; Anatomy, Comparative; 1866. MYOLOGY OF FISHES. 213 The muscles of the jaws are very powerful, as might be expected ill these fierce and predatory fishes. One, analoti'oiis to the ' tem- poral,' fig. 13i III, arises from the lateral and posterior ridge of 139 the cranium, and its fibres converge as they pass obliquely down- ward and forward to their insertion into the mandible. They are covered in great part l^y the stronger muscle ib. /, analogous to the ' masseter,' which arises from the under part of the postfrontal ridge, passes over the maxillo . On the anatomy of vertebrates. Vertebrates; Anatomy, Comparative; 1866. MYOLOGY OF FISHES. 213 The muscles of the jaws are very powerful, as might be expected ill these fierce and predatory fishes. One, analoti'oiis to the ' tem- poral,' fig. 13i III, arises from the lateral and posterior ridge of 139 the cranium, and its fibres converge as they pass obliquely down- ward and forward to their insertion into the mandible. They are covered in great part l^y the stronger muscle ib. /, analogous to the ' masseter,' which arises from the under part of the postfrontal ridge, passes over the maxillohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/on-the-anatomy-of-vertebrates-vertebrates-anatomy-comparative-1866-myology-of-fishes-213-the-muscles-of-the-jaws-are-very-powerful-as-might-be-expected-ill-these-fierce-and-predatory-fishes-one-analotioiis-to-the-tem-poral-fig-13i-iii-arises-from-the-lateral-and-posterior-ridge-of-139-the-cranium-and-its-fibres-converge-as-they-pass-obliquely-down-ward-and-forward-to-their-insertion-into-the-mandible-they-are-covered-in-great-part-ly-the-stronger-muscle-ib-analogous-to-the-masseter-which-arises-from-the-under-part-of-the-postfrontal-ridge-passes-over-the-maxillo-image216417532.html . Comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative; Vertebrates. SKULL 119 The parietals and frontals are unpaired in the adult, and lacrymaLs, prefrontals, and postfrontals are present. There is an upper and a lower temporal arcade or zygomatic arch, and between the orbit and temporal fossa is a bony pillar formed by the postfrontal, jugal,. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Wiedersheim, Robert, 1848- . Comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative; Vertebrates. SKULL 119 The parietals and frontals are unpaired in the adult, and lacrymaLs, prefrontals, and postfrontals are present. There is an upper and a lower temporal arcade or zygomatic arch, and between the orbit and temporal fossa is a bony pillar formed by the postfrontal, jugal,. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Wiedersheim, Robert, 1848-https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/comparative-anatomy-of-vertebrates-anatomy-comparative-vertebrates-skull-119-the-parietals-and-frontals-are-unpaired-in-the-adult-and-lacrymals-prefrontals-and-postfrontals-are-present-there-is-an-upper-and-a-lower-temporal-arcade-or-zygomatic-arch-and-between-the-orbit-and-temporal-fossa-is-a-bony-pillar-formed-by-the-postfrontal-jugal-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-wiedersheim-robert-1848-image232667541.html . Zoology : for students and general readers . Zoology. Fig. 448.—Skull of Tchihyosauru? ; lateral view. Pmx, premaxillary bone ; Mx, maxillary ; jV, nasal; Fr, frontal; Prf, prefrontal; Pof, postfrontal ; />«, parietal; X, lachrymal; M, malar ; Qj, quadratojugal ; Q, qua'drate ; Pob^ postorbital ; Sq, squamosal ; D, dentary; Ang, angular ; Art, articular ; S. Ar, subarticular ; Pier, pterygoid.—After Cope. the head was very large, the neck very short, and the orbits were enormous ; the vertebras were remarkably short and bi- ^ concave. They were carniv- orous, and powerful swim- mers, and . Zoology : for students and general readers . Zoology. Fig. 448.—Skull of Tchihyosauru? ; lateral view. Pmx, premaxillary bone ; Mx, maxillary ; jV, nasal; Fr, frontal; Prf, prefrontal; Pof, postfrontal ; />«, parietal; X, lachrymal; M, malar ; Qj, quadratojugal ; Q, qua'drate ; Pob^ postorbital ; Sq, squamosal ; D, dentary; Ang, angular ; Art, articular ; S. Ar, subarticular ; Pier, pterygoid.—After Cope. the head was very large, the neck very short, and the orbits were enormous ; the vertebras were remarkably short and bi- ^ concave. They were carniv- orous, and powerful swim- mers, and https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/zoology-for-students-and-general-readers-zoology-fig-448skull-of-tchihyosauru-lateral-view-pmx-premaxillary-bone-mx-maxillary-jv-nasal-fr-frontal-prf-prefrontal-pof-postfrontal-gt-parietal-x-lachrymal-m-malar-qj-quadratojugal-q-quadrate-pob-postorbital-sq-squamosal-d-dentary-ang-angular-art-articular-s-ar-subarticular-pier-pterygoidafter-cope-the-head-was-very-large-the-neck-very-short-and-the-orbits-were-enormous-the-vertebras-were-remarkably-short-and-bi-concave-they-were-carniv-orous-and-powerful-swim-mers-and-image216393726.html . Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology. lacertidae: phylogeny & biogeography 215 lachrymal maxilla postorbital pineal fontanelle. ectopterygoid squamosal supratemporal postfrontal parietal quadrate border of osteoderms supratemporal process of parietal exoccipital occipital condyle supraoccipital the polarity of some of the characters is known from other sources, such as outgroup comparison, the diagram can be rooted and converted into a putative phylogeny. It may then be used to retrospectively determine the direction of change of characters of previously unknown polar . Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology. lacertidae: phylogeny & biogeography 215 lachrymal maxilla postorbital pineal fontanelle. ectopterygoid squamosal supratemporal postfrontal parietal quadrate border of osteoderms supratemporal process of parietal exoccipital occipital condyle supraoccipital the polarity of some of the characters is known from other sources, such as outgroup comparison, the diagram can be rooted and converted into a putative phylogeny. It may then be used to retrospectively determine the direction of change of characters of previously unknown polarhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/bulletin-of-the-british-museum-natural-history-zoology-lacertidae-phylogeny-amp-biogeography-215-lachrymal-maxilla-postorbital-pineal-fontanelle-ectopterygoid-squamosal-supratemporal-postfrontal-parietal-quadrate-border-of-osteoderms-supratemporal-process-of-parietal-exoccipital-occipital-condyle-supraoccipital-the-polarity-of-some-of-the-characters-is-known-from-other-sources-such-as-outgroup-comparison-the-diagram-can-be-rooted-and-converted-into-a-putative-phylogeny-it-may-then-be-used-to-retrospectively-determine-the-direction-of-change-of-characters-of-previously-unknown-polar-image233912507.html . A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford clay. Based on the Leeds Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London ... Reptiles, Fossil. 152 MARINE REPTILES OF THE OXFORD CLAT. incomplete in this region. Behind the orbit the bone is widened by the presence of a prominence on its upper border, by means of which it unites with the postfrontal. Behind this it becomes round and narrows, terminating posteriorly in a point which overlaps the anterior end of the quadrato-jugal, thus enclosing the lateral temporal fossa below. The palatine region of the skull (PI. XII. . A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford clay. Based on the Leeds Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London ... Reptiles, Fossil. 152 MARINE REPTILES OF THE OXFORD CLAT. incomplete in this region. Behind the orbit the bone is widened by the presence of a prominence on its upper border, by means of which it unites with the postfrontal. Behind this it becomes round and narrows, terminating posteriorly in a point which overlaps the anterior end of the quadrato-jugal, thus enclosing the lateral temporal fossa below. The palatine region of the skull (PI. XII. https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-descriptive-catalogue-of-the-marine-reptiles-of-the-oxford-clay-based-on-the-leeds-collection-in-the-british-museum-natural-history-london-reptiles-fossil-152-marine-reptiles-of-the-oxford-clat-incomplete-in-this-region-behind-the-orbit-the-bone-is-widened-by-the-presence-of-a-prominence-on-its-upper-border-by-means-of-which-it-unites-with-the-postfrontal-behind-this-it-becomes-round-and-narrows-terminating-posteriorly-in-a-point-which-overlaps-the-anterior-end-of-the-quadrato-jugal-thus-enclosing-the-lateral-temporal-fossa-below-the-palatine-region-of-the-skull-pi-xii-image216062470.html . The Ceratopsia. Ceratopsia. MOXOCLOXIUS CEASSUS. 75 lation with the parietal. Externally this assumes the nature of a wide, deep pocket formed by the posterior extension of the superior and inferior walls of the bone. Into this pocket the lateral angle of the median bar of the parietal fitted. At about the middle of the posterior margin of the postfrontal for a very short distance it presents a free, thin border, indicating the presence of a small foramen opening into a large cavity beneath the surface of the post- frontal, which is here comparatively thin. The posterior margin of the deflec . The Ceratopsia. Ceratopsia. MOXOCLOXIUS CEASSUS. 75 lation with the parietal. Externally this assumes the nature of a wide, deep pocket formed by the posterior extension of the superior and inferior walls of the bone. Into this pocket the lateral angle of the median bar of the parietal fitted. At about the middle of the posterior margin of the postfrontal for a very short distance it presents a free, thin border, indicating the presence of a small foramen opening into a large cavity beneath the surface of the post- frontal, which is here comparatively thin. The posterior margin of the deflechttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-ceratopsia-ceratopsia-moxocloxius-ceassus-75-lation-with-the-parietal-externally-this-assumes-the-nature-of-a-wide-deep-pocket-formed-by-the-posterior-extension-of-the-superior-and-inferior-walls-of-the-bone-into-this-pocket-the-lateral-angle-of-the-median-bar-of-the-parietal-fitted-at-about-the-middle-of-the-posterior-margin-of-the-postfrontal-for-a-very-short-distance-it-presents-a-free-thin-border-indicating-the-presence-of-a-small-foramen-opening-into-a-large-cavity-beneath-the-surface-of-the-post-frontal-which-is-here-comparatively-thin-the-posterior-margin-of-the-deflec-image235106312.html . Zoology : for students and general readers . Zoology. 513 ZOOLOGY. The Ichtliyosaurs were colossal reptiles from two to thirteen metres (six to fortj feet) in length, swimming m the ocean by four paddle-like limbs consisting of six rows of digital bones ;. Fig. 448.—Skull of Tchihyosauru? ; lateral view. Pmx, premaxillary bone ; Mx, maxillary ; jV, nasal; Fr, frontal; Prf, prefrontal; Pof, postfrontal ; />«, parietal; X, lachrymal; M, malar ; Qj, quadratojugal ; Q, qua'drate ; Pob^ postorbital ; Sq, squamosal ; D, dentary; Ang, angular ; Art, articular ; S. Ar, subarticular ; Pier, pteryg . Zoology : for students and general readers . Zoology. 513 ZOOLOGY. The Ichtliyosaurs were colossal reptiles from two to thirteen metres (six to fortj feet) in length, swimming m the ocean by four paddle-like limbs consisting of six rows of digital bones ;. Fig. 448.—Skull of Tchihyosauru? ; lateral view. Pmx, premaxillary bone ; Mx, maxillary ; jV, nasal; Fr, frontal; Prf, prefrontal; Pof, postfrontal ; />«, parietal; X, lachrymal; M, malar ; Qj, quadratojugal ; Q, qua'drate ; Pob^ postorbital ; Sq, squamosal ; D, dentary; Ang, angular ; Art, articular ; S. Ar, subarticular ; Pier, pteryghttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/zoology-for-students-and-general-readers-zoology-513-zoology-the-ichtliyosaurs-were-colossal-reptiles-from-two-to-thirteen-metres-six-to-fortj-feet-in-length-swimming-m-the-ocean-by-four-paddle-like-limbs-consisting-of-six-rows-of-digital-bones-fig-448skull-of-tchihyosauru-lateral-view-pmx-premaxillary-bone-mx-maxillary-jv-nasal-fr-frontal-prf-prefrontal-pof-postfrontal-gt-parietal-x-lachrymal-m-malar-qj-quadratojugal-q-quadrate-pob-postorbital-sq-squamosal-d-dentary-ang-angular-art-articular-s-ar-subarticular-pier-pteryg-image216393724.html . On the anatomy of vertebrates. Vertebrates; Anatomy, Comparative; 1866. MYOLOGY or FISHES. 207 dible aftei- they may have been divaricated. The latter movement depends upon the drawing upward and outward of the tympanic pedicle. This action is performed chiefly by the muscle, levator tyrnpani, figs. 134 and 137, 24, which arises from the postfrontal and expands to be inserted into the epi- and pre-tympanics and into the ectopterygoid. In raising or drawing outward the tym- panic pedicle and attached part of the pterygoid, this muscle tends to dilate the Ijranchial cavity and the back part of . On the anatomy of vertebrates. Vertebrates; Anatomy, Comparative; 1866. MYOLOGY or FISHES. 207 dible aftei- they may have been divaricated. The latter movement depends upon the drawing upward and outward of the tympanic pedicle. This action is performed chiefly by the muscle, levator tyrnpani, figs. 134 and 137, 24, which arises from the postfrontal and expands to be inserted into the epi- and pre-tympanics and into the ectopterygoid. In raising or drawing outward the tym- panic pedicle and attached part of the pterygoid, this muscle tends to dilate the Ijranchial cavity and the back part ofhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/on-the-anatomy-of-vertebrates-vertebrates-anatomy-comparative-1866-myology-or-fishes-207-dible-aftei-they-may-have-been-divaricated-the-latter-movement-depends-upon-the-drawing-upward-and-outward-of-the-tympanic-pedicle-this-action-is-performed-chiefly-by-the-muscle-levator-tyrnpani-figs-134-and-137-24-which-arises-from-the-postfrontal-and-expands-to-be-inserted-into-the-epi-and-pre-tympanics-and-into-the-ectopterygoid-in-raising-or-drawing-outward-the-tym-panic-pedicle-and-attached-part-of-the-pterygoid-this-muscle-tends-to-dilate-the-ijranchial-cavity-and-the-back-part-of-image232103348.html . A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford clay. Based on the Leeds Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London ... Reptiles, Fossil. B. /^^/ n ar. nan. Semi-diagrammatic restoration of the skull and mandible of M iirasnosawiis : A, from above ; 13, from left side. (About ^ nat. size.) awj., angular; art., articular; hoc, basioccipital; cor., coronoid process of splenial; dent., deutarj-; /., frontals ; j'., jugal; m^., maxilla ; nar., external nares ; ori., orbit: par., parietals ; j;./., pineal foramen; pmx., premaxillEe; po.f., postfrontal; p.orh., postorb . A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford clay. Based on the Leeds Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London ... Reptiles, Fossil. B. /^^/ n ar. nan. Semi-diagrammatic restoration of the skull and mandible of M iirasnosawiis : A, from above ; 13, from left side. (About ^ nat. size.) awj., angular; art., articular; hoc, basioccipital; cor., coronoid process of splenial; dent., deutarj-; /., frontals ; j'., jugal; m^., maxilla ; nar., external nares ; ori., orbit: par., parietals ; j;./., pineal foramen; pmx., premaxillEe; po.f., postfrontal; p.orh., postorbhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-descriptive-catalogue-of-the-marine-reptiles-of-the-oxford-clay-based-on-the-leeds-collection-in-the-british-museum-natural-history-london-reptiles-fossil-b-n-ar-nan-semi-diagrammatic-restoration-of-the-skull-and-mandible-of-m-iirasnosawiis-a-from-above-13-from-left-side-about-nat-size-awj-angular-art-articular-hoc-basioccipital-cor-coronoid-process-of-splenial-dent-deutarj-frontals-j-jugal-m-maxilla-nar-external-nares-ori-orbit-par-parietals-j-pineal-foramen-pmx-premaxillee-pof-postfrontal-porh-postorb-image216062693.html . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. Ichthyostega Fig. 16. Palates of ichthyostegals. Ichthyostega after Save-Soderbergh, Westoll; Erpetosaurus after Romer, Steen. does not touch the parietal. There is no intertemporal; the supra- temporal is highly developed but is separated from the postfrontal by a lateral expansion of the parietal, as in the ichthyostegids. The material is inadequate to show whether or not a preopercular was present. We know little about the anterior portion of the skull roof except the position of the external naris. This appears to . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. Ichthyostega Fig. 16. Palates of ichthyostegals. Ichthyostega after Save-Soderbergh, Westoll; Erpetosaurus after Romer, Steen. does not touch the parietal. There is no intertemporal; the supra- temporal is highly developed but is separated from the postfrontal by a lateral expansion of the parietal, as in the ichthyostegids. The material is inadequate to show whether or not a preopercular was present. We know little about the anterior portion of the skull roof except the position of the external naris. This appears tohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/bulletin-of-the-museum-of-comparative-zoology-at-harvard-college-zoology-ichthyostega-fig-16-palates-of-ichthyostegals-ichthyostega-after-save-soderbergh-westoll-erpetosaurus-after-romer-steen-does-not-touch-the-parietal-there-is-no-intertemporal-the-supra-temporal-is-highly-developed-but-is-separated-from-the-postfrontal-by-a-lateral-expansion-of-the-parietal-as-in-the-ichthyostegids-the-material-is-inadequate-to-show-whether-or-not-a-preopercular-was-present-we-know-little-about-the-anterior-portion-of-the-skull-roof-except-the-position-of-the-external-naris-this-appears-to-image233876770.html . A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford clay. Based on the Leeds Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London ... Reptiles, Fossil. OPHTHALMOSAUEUS. 25 Text-fig. 14.. ^^â f sut. Eight parietal of Ophthalmosaurus: A, from above ; B, from outer side; C, from below. (E. 2162, I nat. size.) ? col., depression which probably received the upper end of the cohimella cranii; /)â¢./., facet for frontal; p>-./., facet for postfrontal; soc.f., surface for supraoccipital; sq.f., facet for squamosal; sq.p., squamosal process; sut., suture between parietala; t.r., ten . A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford clay. Based on the Leeds Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London ... Reptiles, Fossil. OPHTHALMOSAUEUS. 25 Text-fig. 14.. ^^â f sut. Eight parietal of Ophthalmosaurus: A, from above ; B, from outer side; C, from below. (E. 2162, I nat. size.) ? col., depression which probably received the upper end of the cohimella cranii; /)â¢./., facet for frontal; p>-./., facet for postfrontal; soc.f., surface for supraoccipital; sq.f., facet for squamosal; sq.p., squamosal process; sut., suture between parietala; t.r., tenhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-descriptive-catalogue-of-the-marine-reptiles-of-the-oxford-clay-based-on-the-leeds-collection-in-the-british-museum-natural-history-london-reptiles-fossil-ophthalmosaueus-25-text-fig-14-f-sut-eight-parietal-of-ophthalmosaurus-a-from-above-b-from-outer-side-c-from-below-e-2162-i-nat-size-col-depression-which-probably-received-the-upper-end-of-the-cohimella-cranii-facet-for-frontal-pgt-facet-for-postfrontal-socf-surface-for-supraoccipital-sqf-facet-for-squamosal-sqp-squamosal-process-sut-suture-between-parietala-tr-ten-image216062861.html . Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. 206 FOSSIL TURTLES OF NORTH AMERICA. From the front of" the orbit to the quadrate the free borders of the maxilla, the jugal, and the quadratojugal form a nearly straight line. Above the orbit the prefrontal meets the postfrontal, thus excluding the frontal from the orbital rim. The relations of the bones behind the orbit are in general like those of Protostega. In describing the quadratojugal of Protostega Case appears to have inverted the bone and this has led Wieland to suppose that the bone mentioned and others of the region are differ . Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. 206 FOSSIL TURTLES OF NORTH AMERICA. From the front of" the orbit to the quadrate the free borders of the maxilla, the jugal, and the quadratojugal form a nearly straight line. Above the orbit the prefrontal meets the postfrontal, thus excluding the frontal from the orbital rim. The relations of the bones behind the orbit are in general like those of Protostega. In describing the quadratojugal of Protostega Case appears to have inverted the bone and this has led Wieland to suppose that the bone mentioned and others of the region are differhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/carnegie-institution-of-washington-publication-206-fossil-turtles-of-north-america-from-the-front-ofquot-the-orbit-to-the-quadrate-the-free-borders-of-the-maxilla-the-jugal-and-the-quadratojugal-form-a-nearly-straight-line-above-the-orbit-the-prefrontal-meets-the-postfrontal-thus-excluding-the-frontal-from-the-orbital-rim-the-relations-of-the-bones-behind-the-orbit-are-in-general-like-those-of-protostega-in-describing-the-quadratojugal-of-protostega-case-appears-to-have-inverted-the-bone-and-this-has-led-wieland-to-suppose-that-the-bone-mentioned-and-others-of-the-region-are-differ-image233485853.html . Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative. Pmx â Foi/ Ol COCD (fa. ^rt^ Fig. 72.âSkull of Snake {Tropidonotus natrix), dorsal view. Tig. 73.â ,, ,, ,, ,, ventral view. Cocc, occipital condyle ; Osp, .supraoccipital; 01, exoccipital; Foe, fenestra ovalis ; Pe, periotic ; P, parietal ; F, frontal ; i''^, postfrontal; Pf, prefrontal; Mh, ethmoid ; N, nasal; Pmx, premajcilla; M, maxilla; Bp, basioccipital ; Bs, basisphenoid ; Ch, posterior nostrils; Vo, vomer ; PI, palatine ; Pt, pterygoid; Ts, transverse bone; Qii, quadrate; Squ, squamosal; Art, articular ; Ag, an . Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative. Pmx â Foi/ Ol COCD (fa. ^rt^ Fig. 72.âSkull of Snake {Tropidonotus natrix), dorsal view. Tig. 73.â ,, ,, ,, ,, ventral view. Cocc, occipital condyle ; Osp, .supraoccipital; 01, exoccipital; Foe, fenestra ovalis ; Pe, periotic ; P, parietal ; F, frontal ; i''^, postfrontal; Pf, prefrontal; Mh, ethmoid ; N, nasal; Pmx, premajcilla; M, maxilla; Bp, basioccipital ; Bs, basisphenoid ; Ch, posterior nostrils; Vo, vomer ; PI, palatine ; Pt, pterygoid; Ts, transverse bone; Qii, quadrate; Squ, squamosal; Art, articular ; Ag, anhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elements-of-the-comparative-anatomy-of-vertebrates-anatomy-comparative-pmx-foi-ol-cocd-fa-rt-fig-72skull-of-snake-tropidonotus-natrix-dorsal-view-tig-73-ventral-view-cocc-occipital-condyle-osp-supraoccipital-01-exoccipital-foe-fenestra-ovalis-pe-periotic-p-parietal-f-frontal-i-postfrontal-pf-prefrontal-mh-ethmoid-n-nasal-pmx-premajcilla-m-maxilla-bp-basioccipital-bs-basisphenoid-ch-posterior-nostrils-vo-vomer-pi-palatine-pt-pterygoid-ts-transverse-bone-qii-quadrate-squ-squamosal-art-articular-ag-an-image216419614.html . Chordate morphology. Morphology (Animals); Chordata. intertemporal postparietals parietal postfrontal prefrontal nasal series snout shield. dentary angular posterior marginal gular suproangular scales snout shield snout shield anterior spleniol anterior medial gular posterior spleniol angular. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Jollie, Malcolm. New York, Reinhold . Chordate morphology. Morphology (Animals); Chordata. intertemporal postparietals parietal postfrontal prefrontal nasal series snout shield. dentary angular posterior marginal gular suproangular scales snout shield snout shield anterior spleniol anterior medial gular posterior spleniol angular. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Jollie, Malcolm. New York, Reinholdhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/chordate-morphology-morphology-animals-chordata-intertemporal-postparietals-parietal-postfrontal-prefrontal-nasal-series-snout-shield-dentary-angular-posterior-marginal-gular-suproangular-scales-snout-shield-snout-shield-anterior-spleniol-anterior-medial-gular-posterior-spleniol-angular-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-jollie-malcolm-new-york-reinhold-image234902371.html . Annals of the South African Museum. Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. 120 Annals of the South African Museum. From Dicynodon lutriceps this type seems to differ in having the intertemporal width greater than the interorbital, in not having the parietals so fully covered by the postorbitals, in the position of the pineal foramen, and in the size of the preparietal. The form is also strongly reminiscent of D. mustoi; but the latter is somewhat more slenderly built, the pineal foramen is further forward, and the postfrontal is a much larger bone. The chief resemblance, how . Annals of the South African Museum. Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. 120 Annals of the South African Museum. From Dicynodon lutriceps this type seems to differ in having the intertemporal width greater than the interorbital, in not having the parietals so fully covered by the postorbitals, in the position of the pineal foramen, and in the size of the preparietal. The form is also strongly reminiscent of D. mustoi; but the latter is somewhat more slenderly built, the pineal foramen is further forward, and the postfrontal is a much larger bone. The chief resemblance, howhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/annals-of-the-south-african-museum-annale-van-die-suid-afrikaanse-museum-natural-history-120-annals-of-the-south-african-museum-from-dicynodon-lutriceps-this-type-seems-to-differ-in-having-the-intertemporal-width-greater-than-the-interorbital-in-not-having-the-parietals-so-fully-covered-by-the-postorbitals-in-the-position-of-the-pineal-foramen-and-in-the-size-of-the-preparietal-the-form-is-also-strongly-reminiscent-of-d-mustoi-but-the-latter-is-somewhat-more-slenderly-built-the-pineal-foramen-is-further-forward-and-the-postfrontal-is-a-much-larger-bone-the-chief-resemblance-how-image236430597.html . Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. 24 bone as simple, some authors (e.g. Stephenson & Stephenson 1956; Rieppel 1984a) maintain thai it contains both postfrontal and postorbital components. According to Rieppel (1984c) the postfrontal acts as a lateral brace for the otherwise highly kinetic frontoparietal joint. An elongate, blunt-ended process projects ventrolaterally to form the posterodorsal border of the orbit. The shape of the postfrontal is general for car- phodactylines but also occurs in several other gekkonid lineages (Häupl 1980). In Uroplatiis fimbriatus the lateral pron . Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. 24 bone as simple, some authors (e.g. Stephenson & Stephenson 1956; Rieppel 1984a) maintain thai it contains both postfrontal and postorbital components. According to Rieppel (1984c) the postfrontal acts as a lateral brace for the otherwise highly kinetic frontoparietal joint. An elongate, blunt-ended process projects ventrolaterally to form the posterodorsal border of the orbit. The shape of the postfrontal is general for car- phodactylines but also occurs in several other gekkonid lineages (Häupl 1980). In Uroplatiis fimbriatus the lateral pronhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/bonner-zoologische-monographien-zoology-24-bone-as-simple-some-authors-eg-stephenson-amp-stephenson-1956-rieppel-1984a-maintain-thai-it-contains-both-postfrontal-and-postorbital-components-according-to-rieppel-1984c-the-postfrontal-acts-as-a-lateral-brace-for-the-otherwise-highly-kinetic-frontoparietal-joint-an-elongate-blunt-ended-process-projects-ventrolaterally-to-form-the-posterodorsal-border-of-the-orbit-the-shape-of-the-postfrontal-is-general-for-car-phodactylines-but-also-occurs-in-several-other-gekkonid-lineages-hupl-1980-in-uroplatiis-fimbriatus-the-lateral-pron-image234493241.html . Chordate morphology. Morphology (Animals); Chordata. orbitosphenoid !âº------â par frontal ^__,,.-âV-âH^T/ ^'^---. epipterygoid prefrontal, _^r::rIlS--'--''VS /X^squamosol ^supratemporal epiphysis paroccipital process occipital condyle quadrate prootic bosisphenoid squamosal quadrate epiphysis suprotemporol paroccipital process of opisthotic supraoccipital 'basioccipital â exoccipital prootic palatine ectopterygoid , parosphenoid P^^'YQO'd maxilla lacrima prefronto B. fronta foramen for Jacobson's organ vomei premoxillo |ugal postfrontal basipterygoid process ectopterygoid epipterygoid / . Chordate morphology. Morphology (Animals); Chordata. orbitosphenoid !âº------â par frontal ^__,,.-âV-âH^T/ ^'^---. epipterygoid prefrontal, _^r::rIlS--'--''VS /X^squamosol ^supratemporal epiphysis paroccipital process occipital condyle quadrate prootic bosisphenoid squamosal quadrate epiphysis suprotemporol paroccipital process of opisthotic supraoccipital 'basioccipital â exoccipital prootic palatine ectopterygoid , parosphenoid P^^'YQO'd maxilla lacrima prefronto B. fronta foramen for Jacobson's organ vomei premoxillo |ugal postfrontal basipterygoid process ectopterygoid epipterygoid /https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/chordate-morphology-morphology-animals-chordata-orbitosphenoid-!-par-frontal-v-ht-epipterygoid-prefrontal-rrils-vs-xsquamosol-supratemporal-epiphysis-paroccipital-process-occipital-condyle-quadrate-prootic-bosisphenoid-squamosal-quadrate-epiphysis-suprotemporol-paroccipital-process-of-opisthotic-supraoccipital-basioccipital-exoccipital-prootic-palatine-ectopterygoid-parosphenoid-pyqod-maxilla-lacrima-prefronto-b-fronta-foramen-for-jacobsons-organ-vomei-premoxillo-ugal-postfrontal-basipterygoid-process-ectopterygoid-epipterygoid-image234909338.html . Chordate morphology. Morphology (Animals); Chordata. exoccipital process' occipital condyle basipterygoid process' squamosal posttemporol fenestra jugal paroccipitol process of opisthotic quadrate quadrotojugaj (fused to quadrate) cranioquadrate fissure fenestra vestibuli IX-X-XI epipterygoid postorbital postfrontal P°'''«*°' parietal foramen squamosal epipterygoid parietal prootic incisure membranous cranial wo basisphenoid B. parasphenoid supraoccipitol prootic prootic supratrigeminal process facial toromen poroccipital process internal carotid ntercalore quadrate parasphenoid squamosal pt . Chordate morphology. Morphology (Animals); Chordata. exoccipital process' occipital condyle basipterygoid process' squamosal posttemporol fenestra jugal paroccipitol process of opisthotic quadrate quadrotojugaj (fused to quadrate) cranioquadrate fissure fenestra vestibuli IX-X-XI epipterygoid postorbital postfrontal P°'''«*°' parietal foramen squamosal epipterygoid parietal prootic incisure membranous cranial wo basisphenoid B. parasphenoid supraoccipitol prootic prootic supratrigeminal process facial toromen poroccipital process internal carotid ntercalore quadrate parasphenoid squamosal pthttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/chordate-morphology-morphology-animals-chordata-exoccipital-process-occipital-condyle-basipterygoid-process-squamosal-posttemporol-fenestra-jugal-paroccipitol-process-of-opisthotic-quadrate-quadrotojugaj-fused-to-quadrate-cranioquadrate-fissure-fenestra-vestibuli-ix-x-xi-epipterygoid-postorbital-postfrontal-p-parietal-foramen-squamosal-epipterygoid-parietal-prootic-incisure-membranous-cranial-wo-basisphenoid-b-parasphenoid-supraoccipitol-prootic-prootic-supratrigeminal-process-facial-toromen-poroccipital-process-internal-carotid-ntercalore-quadrate-parasphenoid-squamosal-pt-image234924242.html . The coal measures Amphibia of North America. Amphibians, Fossil; Paleontology; Paleontology. 128 THE COAL MEASURES AMPHIBIA OF NORTH AMERICA. as usual, formed by the squamosal. The orbit is bounded posteriorly by the post- orbital and the postfrontal, which include in the angle between them the quad- rangular squamosal. The orbit is especially remarkable for its size as compared with the dimen- sions of the skull, being without a parallel among other known Microsauria. Around the border of the orbit in the specimen Cope studied (105) there were found 14 quadrangular plates which he called &q . The coal measures Amphibia of North America. Amphibians, Fossil; Paleontology; Paleontology. 128 THE COAL MEASURES AMPHIBIA OF NORTH AMERICA. as usual, formed by the squamosal. The orbit is bounded posteriorly by the post- orbital and the postfrontal, which include in the angle between them the quad- rangular squamosal. The orbit is especially remarkable for its size as compared with the dimen- sions of the skull, being without a parallel among other known Microsauria. Around the border of the orbit in the specimen Cope studied (105) there were found 14 quadrangular plates which he called &qhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-coal-measures-amphibia-of-north-america-amphibians-fossil-paleontology-paleontology-128-the-coal-measures-amphibia-of-north-america-as-usual-formed-by-the-squamosal-the-orbit-is-bounded-posteriorly-by-the-post-orbital-and-the-postfrontal-which-include-in-the-angle-between-them-the-quad-rangular-squamosal-the-orbit-is-especially-remarkable-for-its-size-as-compared-with-the-dimen-sions-of-the-skull-being-without-a-parallel-among-other-known-microsauria-around-the-border-of-the-orbit-in-the-specimen-cope-studied-105-there-were-found-14-quadrangular-plates-which-he-called-q-image232751054.html A treatise on zoology . -two large lateral plates (dermal-lateral ethmoid of Bridge),outside which lie the postfrontal and the squamosal. The latterbone, Avith the lateral and the occipital, forms a roof over the 240 DIPNOI jaw muscles. Now this squamosal is generally likened to that ofthe Amphibia, to which it bears a remarkable resemblance. Since,-in Ceratodus sturii (Teller [433]), it harbours the postorbital sensorycanal, it is probably the homologue of the pterotic (squamosal) ofthe hyostylic fishes. As it spreads downwards OAer the quadrateit appears to be a prespiracular bone, and there A treatise on zoology . -two large lateral plates (dermal-lateral ethmoid of Bridge),outside which lie the postfrontal and the squamosal. The latterbone, Avith the lateral and the occipital, forms a roof over the 240 DIPNOI jaw muscles. Now this squamosal is generally likened to that ofthe Amphibia, to which it bears a remarkable resemblance. Since,-in Ceratodus sturii (Teller [433]), it harbours the postorbital sensorycanal, it is probably the homologue of the pterotic (squamosal) ofthe hyostylic fishes. As it spreads downwards OAer the quadrateit appears to be a prespiracular bone, and therehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-treatise-on-zoology-two-large-lateral-plates-dermal-lateral-ethmoid-of-bridgeoutside-which-lie-the-postfrontal-and-the-squamosal-the-latterbone-avith-the-lateral-and-the-occipital-forms-a-roof-over-the-240-dipnoi-jaw-muscles-now-this-squamosal-is-generally-likened-to-that-ofthe-amphibia-to-which-it-bears-a-remarkable-resemblance-since-in-ceratodus-sturii-teller-433-it-harbours-the-postorbital-sensorycanal-it-is-probably-the-homologue-of-the-pterotic-squamosal-ofthe-hyostylic-fishes-as-it-spreads-downwards-oaer-the-quadrateit-appears-to-be-a-prespiracular-bone-and-there-image338309174.html . Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. 1010 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1898. ing the postnasal and upper part of the orbit, liostral tapering upward. jSTostril opening in the posterior margin of the prenasal plate. Loreal elongated, situated above the second and third labials, and forming, with the postfrontal, the anterior part of the orbit. Eyes circular. Superciliaries proportionally large. One angular postorbital, elevated, the fourth labial forming the lower portion of the . Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. 1010 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1898. ing the postnasal and upper part of the orbit, liostral tapering upward. jSTostril opening in the posterior margin of the prenasal plate. Loreal elongated, situated above the second and third labials, and forming, with the postfrontal, the anterior part of the orbit. Eyes circular. Superciliaries proportionally large. One angular postorbital, elevated, the fourth labial forming the lower portion of the https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/annual-report-of-the-board-of-regents-of-the-smithsonian-institution-smithsonian-institution-smithsonian-institution-archives-discoveries-in-science-1010-report-of-national-museum-1898-ing-the-postnasal-and-upper-part-of-the-orbit-liostral-tapering-upward-jstostril-opening-in-the-posterior-margin-of-the-prenasal-plate-loreal-elongated-situated-above-the-second-and-third-labials-and-forming-with-the-postfrontal-the-anterior-part-of-the-orbit-eyes-circular-superciliaries-proportionally-large-one-angular-postorbital-elevated-the-fourth-labial-forming-the-lower-portion-of-the-image236104254.html . Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. MORPHOLOGICAL REVISION 93 The postfrontals are not well known; the sutures of the posterior ends have not been made out. The postorbital is a small triangular element between the postfrontal, jugal, and prosquamosal. The jugal is elongate, reaching from the maxillary and lachrymal in front, nearly or quite to the posterior edge of the skull. Branson figures it as excluded from the posterior part of the outer edge of the skull by an elongate quadrate, but in specimen No. 4673 Am. Mus., in which the sutures of the lower surface are clearly shown . Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. MORPHOLOGICAL REVISION 93 The postfrontals are not well known; the sutures of the posterior ends have not been made out. The postorbital is a small triangular element between the postfrontal, jugal, and prosquamosal. The jugal is elongate, reaching from the maxillary and lachrymal in front, nearly or quite to the posterior edge of the skull. Branson figures it as excluded from the posterior part of the outer edge of the skull by an elongate quadrate, but in specimen No. 4673 Am. Mus., in which the sutures of the lower surface are clearly shown https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/carnegie-institution-of-washington-publication-morphological-revision-93-the-postfrontals-are-not-well-known-the-sutures-of-the-posterior-ends-have-not-been-made-out-the-postorbital-is-a-small-triangular-element-between-the-postfrontal-jugal-and-prosquamosal-the-jugal-is-elongate-reaching-from-the-maxillary-and-lachrymal-in-front-nearly-or-quite-to-the-posterior-edge-of-the-skull-branson-figures-it-as-excluded-from-the-posterior-part-of-the-outer-edge-of-the-skull-by-an-elongate-quadrate-but-in-specimen-no-4673-am-mus-in-which-the-sutures-of-the-lower-surface-are-clearly-shown-image233486740.html . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. Fig. 5. Baikia africana Gray (Type after Boulenger). of shields behind rostral, i.e. sl pair of postfrontals and a pair of parie- tals; postfrontal transversely elongate, below in contact with the. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Harvard University. Museum of Comparative Zoology. Cambridge, Mass. : The Museum . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. Fig. 5. Baikia africana Gray (Type after Boulenger). of shields behind rostral, i.e. sl pair of postfrontals and a pair of parie- tals; postfrontal transversely elongate, below in contact with the. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Harvard University. Museum of Comparative Zoology. Cambridge, Mass. : The Museumhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/bulletin-of-the-museum-of-comparative-zoology-at-harvard-college-zoology-fig-5-baikia-africana-gray-type-after-boulenger-of-shields-behind-rostral-ie-sl-pair-of-postfrontals-and-a-pair-of-parie-tals-postfrontal-transversely-elongate-below-in-contact-with-the-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-harvard-university-museum-of-comparative-zoology-cambridge-mass-the-museum-image233904375.html . Chordate morphology. Morphology (Animals); Chordata. supraoccipitol P°^'^*°' postfrontal postorbital prefrontal. exoccipital process' occipital condyle basipterygoid process' squamosal posttemporol fenestra jugal paroccipitol process of opisthotic quadrate quadrotojugaj (fused to quadrate) cranioquadrate fissure fenestra vestibuli IX-X-XI epipterygoid postorbital postfrontal P°'''«*°' parietal foramen squamosal epipterygoid parietal prootic incisure membranous cranial wo basisphenoid B. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced . Chordate morphology. Morphology (Animals); Chordata. supraoccipitol P°^'^*°' postfrontal postorbital prefrontal. exoccipital process' occipital condyle basipterygoid process' squamosal posttemporol fenestra jugal paroccipitol process of opisthotic quadrate quadrotojugaj (fused to quadrate) cranioquadrate fissure fenestra vestibuli IX-X-XI epipterygoid postorbital postfrontal P°'''«*°' parietal foramen squamosal epipterygoid parietal prootic incisure membranous cranial wo basisphenoid B. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhancedhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/chordate-morphology-morphology-animals-chordata-supraoccipitol-p-postfrontal-postorbital-prefrontal-exoccipital-process-occipital-condyle-basipterygoid-process-squamosal-posttemporol-fenestra-jugal-paroccipitol-process-of-opisthotic-quadrate-quadrotojugaj-fused-to-quadrate-cranioquadrate-fissure-fenestra-vestibuli-ix-x-xi-epipterygoid-postorbital-postfrontal-p-parietal-foramen-squamosal-epipterygoid-parietal-prootic-incisure-membranous-cranial-wo-basisphenoid-b-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-image234924253.html . On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . these are impressedby secondary fissures, whichI have called c frontal, e or-bital, and ( falcial, accord-ingly. The frontal fissuresmainly affect a longitudinaldirection, but run behind intoa transverse one. This is the6 frontal, or (postfrontal, fig. 119, u; it is more or lessextensive and parallel withthe coronal fissure, ib. 12. Themost constant of the longitu-dinal fissures pretty equally bisects the frontal surface; it is the ( midfrontal fissure, fig,14; the fissure above or internal to it is the ( superfrontal,that beneath or exte . On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . these are impressedby secondary fissures, whichI have called c frontal, e or-bital, and ( falcial, accord-ingly. The frontal fissuresmainly affect a longitudinaldirection, but run behind intoa transverse one. This is the6 frontal, or (postfrontal, fig. 119, u; it is more or lessextensive and parallel withthe coronal fissure, ib. 12. Themost constant of the longitu-dinal fissures pretty equally bisects the frontal surface; it is the ( midfrontal fissure, fig,14; the fissure above or internal to it is the ( superfrontal,that beneath or extehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/on-the-anatomy-of-vertebrates-electronic-resource-these-are-impressedby-secondary-fissures-whichi-have-called-c-frontal-e-or-bital-and-falcial-accord-ingly-the-frontal-fissuresmainly-affect-a-longitudinaldirection-but-run-behind-intoa-transverse-one-this-is-the6-frontal-or-postfrontal-fig-119-u-it-is-more-or-lessextensive-and-parallel-withthe-coronal-fissure-ib-12-themost-constant-of-the-longitu-dinal-fissures-pretty-equally-bisects-the-frontal-surface-it-is-the-midfrontal-fissure-fig14-the-fissure-above-or-internal-to-it-is-the-superfrontalthat-beneath-or-exte-image375129730.html . The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. THE TEMPORAL ARCHES OF THE REPTILIA. 1/9 quadratojugal. The quadratojugal has only a slight union with the jugal. The postfrontal joins by its whole length with the parietal. Now, no one will question but that this arrangement of these bones is the primitive one for the reptilia, and any rear- rangement or readjustment must be a secondary result or spe- cialization. Among the higher forms, the nearest approach to this condi- tion is seen in the testudinate skull (Fig. 3), in which the bony roof still remains unpierced ; that . The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. THE TEMPORAL ARCHES OF THE REPTILIA. 1/9 quadratojugal. The quadratojugal has only a slight union with the jugal. The postfrontal joins by its whole length with the parietal. Now, no one will question but that this arrangement of these bones is the primitive one for the reptilia, and any rear- rangement or readjustment must be a secondary result or spe- cialization. Among the higher forms, the nearest approach to this condi- tion is seen in the testudinate skull (Fig. 3), in which the bony roof still remains unpierced ; thathttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-biological-bulletin-biology-zoology-biology-marine-biology-the-temporal-arches-of-the-reptilia-19-quadratojugal-the-quadratojugal-has-only-a-slight-union-with-the-jugal-the-postfrontal-joins-by-its-whole-length-with-the-parietal-now-no-one-will-question-but-that-this-arrangement-of-these-bones-is-the-primitive-one-for-the-reptilia-and-any-rear-rangement-or-readjustment-must-be-a-secondary-result-or-spe-cialization-among-the-higher-forms-the-nearest-approach-to-this-condi-tion-is-seen-in-the-testudinate-skull-fig-3-in-which-the-bony-roof-still-remains-unpierced-that-image234676830.html . Asiatic herpetological research. Reptiles -- Asia Periodicals; Amphibians -- Asia Periodicals. Figure 3. Parietal bone. A, B. and C are the variations of the form of the parietal crest and posterior mar- gin. D, E, and F are the foramina and notches or the anterior edge of the descending part of the bone.. Figure 4. Postfrontal bone, showing the surface that joins with the parietal bone.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the o . Asiatic herpetological research. Reptiles -- Asia Periodicals; Amphibians -- Asia Periodicals. Figure 3. Parietal bone. A, B. and C are the variations of the form of the parietal crest and posterior mar- gin. D, E, and F are the foramina and notches or the anterior edge of the descending part of the bone.. Figure 4. Postfrontal bone, showing the surface that joins with the parietal bone.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the ohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/asiatic-herpetological-research-reptiles-asia-periodicals-amphibians-asia-periodicals-figure-3-parietal-bone-a-b-and-c-are-the-variations-of-the-form-of-the-parietal-crest-and-posterior-mar-gin-d-e-and-f-are-the-foramina-and-notches-or-the-anterior-edge-of-the-descending-part-of-the-bone-figure-4-postfrontal-bone-showing-the-surface-that-joins-with-the-parietal-bone-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-o-image235412276.html . Breviora. 8 BREVIORA NO. 314 margins of the orbit; dorsally it extends forward between frontal and lacrimal to reach the nasal. The postfrontal. abutting pos- teriorly on the prefrontal, is large and extends far backward lateral to the frontal and parietal; it has. however, only a very short pos- terodorsal boundary on the rim of the orbit. The postorbital is likewise highly developed and elongate, the postfrontal and post- orbital between them occupying much of the area which in labyrin- thodonts is occupied by the â â¢temporal" elements. The arrangement along the orbital margin is of . Breviora. 8 BREVIORA NO. 314 margins of the orbit; dorsally it extends forward between frontal and lacrimal to reach the nasal. The postfrontal. abutting pos- teriorly on the prefrontal, is large and extends far backward lateral to the frontal and parietal; it has. however, only a very short pos- terodorsal boundary on the rim of the orbit. The postorbital is likewise highly developed and elongate, the postfrontal and post- orbital between them occupying much of the area which in labyrin- thodonts is occupied by the â â¢temporal" elements. The arrangement along the orbital margin is of https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/breviora-8-breviora-no-314-margins-of-the-orbit-dorsally-it-extends-forward-between-frontal-and-lacrimal-to-reach-the-nasal-the-postfrontal-abutting-pos-teriorly-on-the-prefrontal-is-large-and-extends-far-backward-lateral-to-the-frontal-and-parietal-it-has-however-only-a-very-short-pos-terodorsal-boundary-on-the-rim-of-the-orbit-the-postorbital-is-likewise-highly-developed-and-elongate-the-postfrontal-and-post-orbital-between-them-occupying-much-of-the-area-which-in-labyrin-thodonts-is-occupied-by-the-temporalquot-elements-the-arrangement-along-the-orbital-margin-is-of-image234297813.html . Revision of the Amphibia and Pisces of the Permian of North America. exclude the frontal from anypart in the orbit. The frontals are relatively small, the two bones coming to a point ante-riorly and inclosed by the nasals. The posterior ends include the anteriorends of the parietals. MORPHOLOGICAL REVISION 93 The postfrontals are not well known; the sutures of the posterior endshave not been made out. The postorbital is a small triangular element between the postfrontal,jugal, and prosquamosal. The JMgal is elongate, reaching from the maxillary and lachrymal infront, nearly or quite to the p . Revision of the Amphibia and Pisces of the Permian of North America. exclude the frontal from anypart in the orbit. The frontals are relatively small, the two bones coming to a point ante-riorly and inclosed by the nasals. The posterior ends include the anteriorends of the parietals. MORPHOLOGICAL REVISION 93 The postfrontals are not well known; the sutures of the posterior endshave not been made out. The postorbital is a small triangular element between the postfrontal,jugal, and prosquamosal. The JMgal is elongate, reaching from the maxillary and lachrymal infront, nearly or quite to the phttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/revision-of-the-amphibia-and-pisces-of-the-permian-of-north-america-exclude-the-frontal-from-anypart-in-the-orbit-the-frontals-are-relatively-small-the-two-bones-coming-to-a-point-ante-riorly-and-inclosed-by-the-nasals-the-posterior-ends-include-the-anteriorends-of-the-parietals-morphological-revision-93-the-postfrontals-are-not-well-known-the-sutures-of-the-posterior-endshave-not-been-made-out-the-postorbital-is-a-small-triangular-element-between-the-postfrontaljugal-and-prosquamosal-the-jmgal-is-elongate-reaching-from-the-maxillary-and-lachrymal-infront-nearly-or-quite-to-the-p-image370404716.html . Elementary text-book of zoology. Zoology. 208 OPHIDIA. Ocs formerly regarded as Ophidia. Moreover, many Snakes have the rudiments of posterior extremities, which are placed at the root of the tail and have a conical claw projecting at the side of the anus. No Snake has a pectoral girdle or any trace of an anterior pair of extremities. In the skull of the Snakes (fig. 636) the temporal arcades are absent [i.e., the postfrontal is not directly connected with the squa- mosal, and there is no jugal or quadrato-jugal connecting the maxilla with the quadrate]. The cranial cavity is very long. The . Elementary text-book of zoology. Zoology. 208 OPHIDIA. Ocs formerly regarded as Ophidia. Moreover, many Snakes have the rudiments of posterior extremities, which are placed at the root of the tail and have a conical claw projecting at the side of the anus. No Snake has a pectoral girdle or any trace of an anterior pair of extremities. In the skull of the Snakes (fig. 636) the temporal arcades are absent [i.e., the postfrontal is not directly connected with the squa- mosal, and there is no jugal or quadrato-jugal connecting the maxilla with the quadrate]. The cranial cavity is very long. The https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elementary-text-book-of-zoology-zoology-208-ophidia-ocs-formerly-regarded-as-ophidia-moreover-many-snakes-have-the-rudiments-of-posterior-extremities-which-are-placed-at-the-root-of-the-tail-and-have-a-conical-claw-projecting-at-the-side-of-the-anus-no-snake-has-a-pectoral-girdle-or-any-trace-of-an-anterior-pair-of-extremities-in-the-skull-of-the-snakes-fig-636-the-temporal-arcades-are-absent-ie-the-postfrontal-is-not-directly-connected-with-the-squa-mosal-and-there-is-no-jugal-or-quadrato-jugal-connecting-the-maxilla-with-the-quadrate-the-cranial-cavity-is-very-long-the-image231656560.html . On the anatomy of vertebrates. Vertebrates; Anatomy, Comparative; 1866. MYOLOGY OF FISHES. 213 The muscles of the jaws are very powerful, as might be expected ill these fierce and predatory fishes. One, analoti'oiis to the ' tem- poral,' fig. 13i III, arises from the lateral and posterior ridge of 139 the cranium, and its fibres converge as they pass obliquely down- ward and forward to their insertion into the mandible. They are covered in great part l^y the stronger muscle ib. /, analogous to the ' masseter,' which arises from the under part of the postfrontal ridge, passes over the maxillo . On the anatomy of vertebrates. Vertebrates; Anatomy, Comparative; 1866. MYOLOGY OF FISHES. 213 The muscles of the jaws are very powerful, as might be expected ill these fierce and predatory fishes. One, analoti'oiis to the ' tem- poral,' fig. 13i III, arises from the lateral and posterior ridge of 139 the cranium, and its fibres converge as they pass obliquely down- ward and forward to their insertion into the mandible. They are covered in great part l^y the stronger muscle ib. /, analogous to the ' masseter,' which arises from the under part of the postfrontal ridge, passes over the maxillohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/on-the-anatomy-of-vertebrates-vertebrates-anatomy-comparative-1866-myology-of-fishes-213-the-muscles-of-the-jaws-are-very-powerful-as-might-be-expected-ill-these-fierce-and-predatory-fishes-one-analotioiis-to-the-tem-poral-fig-13i-iii-arises-from-the-lateral-and-posterior-ridge-of-139-the-cranium-and-its-fibres-converge-as-they-pass-obliquely-down-ward-and-forward-to-their-insertion-into-the-mandible-they-are-covered-in-great-part-ly-the-stronger-muscle-ib-analogous-to-the-masseter-which-arises-from-the-under-part-of-the-postfrontal-ridge-passes-over-the-maxillo-image232103341.html Annals of the South African MuseumAnnale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum . y and mandibular rami (Figs 10-12),the internal adductor lies medially to the maxillary but laterally to the ophthal-mic rami (Fig. 9), and the adductor posterior lies laterally to the mandibularramus and ventrally to the external adductor (Fig. 12). Musculus adductor mandibulae externus The external adductor musculature arises within the temporal indentationand its origin is bordered dorsally by a curved ridge on the parietal, extendingfrom the posterior tip of the postfrontal to the posterior extremity of the parietal( Annals of the South African MuseumAnnale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum . y and mandibular rami (Figs 10-12),the internal adductor lies medially to the maxillary but laterally to the ophthal-mic rami (Fig. 9), and the adductor posterior lies laterally to the mandibularramus and ventrally to the external adductor (Fig. 12). Musculus adductor mandibulae externus The external adductor musculature arises within the temporal indentationand its origin is bordered dorsally by a curved ridge on the parietal, extendingfrom the posterior tip of the postfrontal to the posterior extremity of the parietal(https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/annals-of-the-south-african-museumannale-van-die-suid-afrikaanse-museum-y-and-mandibular-rami-figs-10-12the-internal-adductor-lies-medially-to-the-maxillary-but-laterally-to-the-ophthal-mic-rami-fig-9-and-the-adductor-posterior-lies-laterally-to-the-mandibularramus-and-ventrally-to-the-external-adductor-fig-12-musculus-adductor-mandibulae-externus-the-external-adductor-musculature-arises-within-the-temporal-indentationand-its-origin-is-bordered-dorsally-by-a-curved-ridge-on-the-parietal-extendingfrom-the-posterior-tip-of-the-postfrontal-to-the-posterior-extremity-of-the-parietal-image343271894.html . The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. Natural history; Zoology; Botany; Geology. 168 Prof. H. G. Seeley on the the base, but both are broken and lost from the positions where they leave the maxillary bones. The transverse width between them on the palate is 1^ inch. The roots of the tusks, as usual, are nearly parallel to each other, but converge slightly as they descend below the vomerine level of the palate. Seen laterally their contour is parallel to the lower part of the anterior outline of the nearly vertical face. Fier. 1. postfrontal. frontal. epipt . The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. Natural history; Zoology; Botany; Geology. 168 Prof. H. G. Seeley on the the base, but both are broken and lost from the positions where they leave the maxillary bones. The transverse width between them on the palate is 1^ inch. The roots of the tusks, as usual, are nearly parallel to each other, but converge slightly as they descend below the vomerine level of the palate. Seen laterally their contour is parallel to the lower part of the anterior outline of the nearly vertical face. Fier. 1. postfrontal. frontal. epipthttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-annals-and-magazine-of-natural-history-zoology-botany-and-geology-natural-history-zoology-botany-geology-168-prof-h-g-seeley-on-the-the-base-but-both-are-broken-and-lost-from-the-positions-where-they-leave-the-maxillary-bones-the-transverse-width-between-them-on-the-palate-is-1-inch-the-roots-of-the-tusks-as-usual-are-nearly-parallel-to-each-other-but-converge-slightly-as-they-descend-below-the-vomerine-level-of-the-palate-seen-laterally-their-contour-is-parallel-to-the-lower-part-of-the-anterior-outline-of-the-nearly-vertical-face-fier-1-postfrontal-frontal-epipt-image236534650.html . The biology of the amphibia. Amphibians. 464 THE BIOLOGY OF THE AMPHIBIA worms, for their bodies are usually provided with a series of trans- verse grooves. Within these folds are found in many genera a series of small scales. These are unquestionably an inheritance from the Carboniferous Amphibia. Other primitive features are a postfrontal (Ichthyophis), an ectopterygoid (Hypogeophis), and many features of the gill clefts, hyobranchial apparatus, and viscera recorded in the above chapters. Although the caecilians are highly modified for a burrowing life, they retain many very Fig. 144.—Ever . The biology of the amphibia. Amphibians. 464 THE BIOLOGY OF THE AMPHIBIA worms, for their bodies are usually provided with a series of trans- verse grooves. Within these folds are found in many genera a series of small scales. These are unquestionably an inheritance from the Carboniferous Amphibia. Other primitive features are a postfrontal (Ichthyophis), an ectopterygoid (Hypogeophis), and many features of the gill clefts, hyobranchial apparatus, and viscera recorded in the above chapters. Although the caecilians are highly modified for a burrowing life, they retain many very Fig. 144.—Everhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-biology-of-the-amphibia-amphibians-464-the-biology-of-the-amphibia-worms-for-their-bodies-are-usually-provided-with-a-series-of-trans-verse-grooves-within-these-folds-are-found-in-many-genera-a-series-of-small-scales-these-are-unquestionably-an-inheritance-from-the-carboniferous-amphibia-other-primitive-features-are-a-postfrontal-ichthyophis-an-ectopterygoid-hypogeophis-and-many-features-of-the-gill-clefts-hyobranchial-apparatus-and-viscera-recorded-in-the-above-chapters-although-the-caecilians-are-highly-modified-for-a-burrowing-life-they-retain-many-very-fig-144ever-image234606536.html . Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. FAIVIILY SCORPAENIDAE—SCHULTZ 15 of scorpaenid fishes in the National Museum. That study caused me to change some of the conclusions reached prior to 1943, especially those involving the region of the postocular and postfrontal spines. In order to know what name to apply to those spines, I studied that area from the evolutionary viewpoint. My observations concerning the postfrontal and postocular spines and related ones are recorded in figure 137. In that figure, a to f illustrates the most simple conditions found in scorpaenid fishes. The p . Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. FAIVIILY SCORPAENIDAE—SCHULTZ 15 of scorpaenid fishes in the National Museum. That study caused me to change some of the conclusions reached prior to 1943, especially those involving the region of the postocular and postfrontal spines. In order to know what name to apply to those spines, I studied that area from the evolutionary viewpoint. My observations concerning the postfrontal and postocular spines and related ones are recorded in figure 137. In that figure, a to f illustrates the most simple conditions found in scorpaenid fishes. The phttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/bulletin-united-states-national-museum-science-faiviily-scorpaenidaeschultz-15-of-scorpaenid-fishes-in-the-national-museum-that-study-caused-me-to-change-some-of-the-conclusions-reached-prior-to-1943-especially-those-involving-the-region-of-the-postocular-and-postfrontal-spines-in-order-to-know-what-name-to-apply-to-those-spines-i-studied-that-area-from-the-evolutionary-viewpoint-my-observations-concerning-the-postfrontal-and-postocular-spines-and-related-ones-are-recorded-in-figure-137-in-that-figure-a-to-f-illustrates-the-most-simple-conditions-found-in-scorpaenid-fishes-the-p-image233727005.html . Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. tf.studinid-*:. 389 In general the structure oi the skull resembles that of the genus Gopherus, and therefore in general that of Testudo. As regards its size, in case the ratio of the portion behind the orbits to that from the postfrontal hones to the tip of the snout was the same as in the skull of either Gopherus polyphemus or of 'Testudo tabulata, the whole length from snout to occipital condyle must have been about 75 mm., and the breadth at the quadrates about 61 mm. The orbits are large, about 20 mm., hardly smaller proportionately than t . Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. tf.studinid-*:. 389 In general the structure oi the skull resembles that of the genus Gopherus, and therefore in general that of Testudo. As regards its size, in case the ratio of the portion behind the orbits to that from the postfrontal hones to the tip of the snout was the same as in the skull of either Gopherus polyphemus or of 'Testudo tabulata, the whole length from snout to occipital condyle must have been about 75 mm., and the breadth at the quadrates about 61 mm. The orbits are large, about 20 mm., hardly smaller proportionately than thttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/carnegie-institution-of-washington-publication-tfstudinid-389-in-general-the-structure-oi-the-skull-resembles-that-of-the-genus-gopherus-and-therefore-in-general-that-of-testudo-as-regards-its-size-in-case-the-ratio-of-the-portion-behind-the-orbits-to-that-from-the-postfrontal-hones-to-the-tip-of-the-snout-was-the-same-as-in-the-skull-of-either-gopherus-polyphemus-or-of-testudo-tabulata-the-whole-length-from-snout-to-occipital-condyle-must-have-been-about-75-mm-and-the-breadth-at-the-quadrates-about-61-mm-the-orbits-are-large-about-20-mm-hardly-smaller-proportionately-than-t-image233476112.html . Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. PALATE AND MANDIBLE IN SOME SPECIMENS OF DICYNODON TESTUDIROSTRIS 137 completeness and slightly larger size. On the skull roof the postorbitals meet over the parietals, the preparietal is inflated anteriorly, the postfrontal is a narrow strip of bone, and the prefrontal has a limited extent on the outer skull roof. The maxilla rises up high behind the nostril to separate the lacrimal from the septomaxilla. The palate is identical to that of the type specimen, but the caniniform flanges of both sides . Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. PALATE AND MANDIBLE IN SOME SPECIMENS OF DICYNODON TESTUDIROSTRIS 137 completeness and slightly larger size. On the skull roof the postorbitals meet over the parietals, the preparietal is inflated anteriorly, the postfrontal is a narrow strip of bone, and the prefrontal has a limited extent on the outer skull roof. The maxilla rises up high behind the nostril to separate the lacrimal from the septomaxilla. The palate is identical to that of the type specimen, but the caniniform flanges of both sides https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/annals-of-the-south-african-museum-=-annale-van-die-suid-afrikaanse-museum-natural-history-palate-and-mandible-in-some-specimens-of-dicynodon-testudirostris-137-completeness-and-slightly-larger-size-on-the-skull-roof-the-postorbitals-meet-over-the-parietals-the-preparietal-is-inflated-anteriorly-the-postfrontal-is-a-narrow-strip-of-bone-and-the-prefrontal-has-a-limited-extent-on-the-outer-skull-roof-the-maxilla-rises-up-high-behind-the-nostril-to-separate-the-lacrimal-from-the-septomaxilla-the-palate-is-identical-to-that-of-the-type-specimen-but-the-caniniform-flanges-of-both-sides-image236462039.html . The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London . urus adelus, Seeley. Humerus, scapula, vertebrae, and armour of Hoplosaurus ischyrus (Seeley). Crocodilia. Vertebral column, femur, fibula, ulna, radius, &c. of Crocodilus proavus.Chelonia. Costal plates, postfrontal bones, and scapula of Pleuropeltus Suessii, Seeley.Costal plates and plastron of Emys Neumayri, Seeley. Lacertilia. Vertebra of ArcBOsaurus gracilis, Seeley.Ornithosauria. Omithocheirus Bunzeli, Seeley. Introduction. Historical Review. The Gosau formation, nearly corresponding in age to the Upper Green-sand of this coun . The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London . urus adelus, Seeley. Humerus, scapula, vertebrae, and armour of Hoplosaurus ischyrus (Seeley). Crocodilia. Vertebral column, femur, fibula, ulna, radius, &c. of Crocodilus proavus.Chelonia. Costal plates, postfrontal bones, and scapula of Pleuropeltus Suessii, Seeley.Costal plates and plastron of Emys Neumayri, Seeley. Lacertilia. Vertebra of ArcBOsaurus gracilis, Seeley.Ornithosauria. Omithocheirus Bunzeli, Seeley. Introduction. Historical Review. The Gosau formation, nearly corresponding in age to the Upper Green-sand of this counhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-quarterly-journal-of-the-geological-society-of-london-urus-adelus-seeley-humerus-scapula-vertebrae-and-armour-of-hoplosaurus-ischyrus-seeley-crocodilia-vertebral-column-femur-fibula-ulna-radius-c-of-crocodilus-proavuschelonia-costal-plates-postfrontal-bones-and-scapula-of-pleuropeltus-suessii-seeleycostal-plates-and-plastron-of-emys-neumayri-seeley-lacertilia-vertebra-of-arcbosaurus-gracilis-seeleyornithosauria-omithocheirus-bunzeli-seeley-introduction-historical-review-the-gosau-formation-nearly-corresponding-in-age-to-the-upper-green-sand-of-this-coun-image370156607.html . The chordates. Chordata. Motor System—Muscles and Skeleton 121 POSTFRONTAL. EXOCCIPITAL SUPRAOCCIPITAL Fig. 119. (Top) The head of a sturgeon, viewed from above as a translucent object. Membrane-bones (scutes) are outlined, and the inner cartilaginous cranium stippled. Comparative anatomy identifies certain scutes as homologs of bones in the mammalian skull. (After Gegenbaur. Courtesy, Neal and Rand: "Chordate Anatomy," Philadelphia, The Blakiston Company.) (Bottom) Skull of an ancient stegocephalan amphibian {Capitosaurus). (Eo) Exoccipital; (Ep) tabulare; (F) frontal; (Ju) zygoma . The chordates. Chordata. Motor System—Muscles and Skeleton 121 POSTFRONTAL. EXOCCIPITAL SUPRAOCCIPITAL Fig. 119. (Top) The head of a sturgeon, viewed from above as a translucent object. Membrane-bones (scutes) are outlined, and the inner cartilaginous cranium stippled. Comparative anatomy identifies certain scutes as homologs of bones in the mammalian skull. (After Gegenbaur. Courtesy, Neal and Rand: "Chordate Anatomy," Philadelphia, The Blakiston Company.) (Bottom) Skull of an ancient stegocephalan amphibian {Capitosaurus). (Eo) Exoccipital; (Ep) tabulare; (F) frontal; (Ju) zygomahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-chordates-chordata-motor-systemmuscles-and-skeleton-121-postfrontal-exoccipital-supraoccipital-fig-119-top-the-head-of-a-sturgeon-viewed-from-above-as-a-translucent-object-membrane-bones-scutes-are-outlined-and-the-inner-cartilaginous-cranium-stippled-comparative-anatomy-identifies-certain-scutes-as-homologs-of-bones-in-the-mammalian-skull-after-gegenbaur-courtesy-neal-and-rand-quotchordate-anatomyquot-philadelphia-the-blakiston-company-bottom-skull-of-an-ancient-stegocephalan-amphibian-capitosaurus-eo-exoccipital-ep-tabulare-f-frontal-ju-zygoma-image234924335.html . Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). . Fig. 7. Differences in relationship between the outer margin of the parietal scale and the underlying bones of the skull, (i) Parietal scale margin running along outer edge of postorbital bone. (2) Parietal scale margin close to postorbital-postfrontal suture, po = postorbital bone, pf = postfrontal bone. shallow but again of about equal depth. In L. [G.) galloti and L. (G.) atlantica, the anterior supratemporals are much shallower than the posterior ones while in L. (S.) perspicillata and some Podarcis the supratemporals are scarcely disti . Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). . Fig. 7. Differences in relationship between the outer margin of the parietal scale and the underlying bones of the skull, (i) Parietal scale margin running along outer edge of postorbital bone. (2) Parietal scale margin close to postorbital-postfrontal suture, po = postorbital bone, pf = postfrontal bone. shallow but again of about equal depth. In L. [G.) galloti and L. (G.) atlantica, the anterior supratemporals are much shallower than the posterior ones while in L. (S.) perspicillata and some Podarcis the supratemporals are scarcely distihttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/bulletin-of-the-british-museum-natural-history-fig-7-differences-in-relationship-between-the-outer-margin-of-the-parietal-scale-and-the-underlying-bones-of-the-skull-i-parietal-scale-margin-running-along-outer-edge-of-postorbital-bone-2-parietal-scale-margin-close-to-postorbital-postfrontal-suture-po-=-postorbital-bone-pf-=-postfrontal-bone-shallow-but-again-of-about-equal-depth-in-l-g-galloti-and-l-g-atlantica-the-anterior-supratemporals-are-much-shallower-than-the-posterior-ones-while-in-l-s-perspicillata-and-some-podarcis-the-supratemporals-are-scarcely-disti-image233961684.html . A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford clay. Based on the Leeds Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London ... Reptiles, Fossil. 152 MARINE REPTILES OF THE OXFORD CLAT. incomplete in this region. Behind the orbit the bone is widened by the presence of a prominence on its upper border, by means of which it unites with the postfrontal. Behind this it becomes round and narrows, terminating posteriorly in a point which overlaps the anterior end of the quadrato-jugal, thus enclosing the lateral temporal fossa below. The palatine region of the skull (PI. XII. . A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford clay. Based on the Leeds Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London ... Reptiles, Fossil. 152 MARINE REPTILES OF THE OXFORD CLAT. incomplete in this region. Behind the orbit the bone is widened by the presence of a prominence on its upper border, by means of which it unites with the postfrontal. Behind this it becomes round and narrows, terminating posteriorly in a point which overlaps the anterior end of the quadrato-jugal, thus enclosing the lateral temporal fossa below. The palatine region of the skull (PI. XII. https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-descriptive-catalogue-of-the-marine-reptiles-of-the-oxford-clay-based-on-the-leeds-collection-in-the-british-museum-natural-history-london-reptiles-fossil-152-marine-reptiles-of-the-oxford-clat-incomplete-in-this-region-behind-the-orbit-the-bone-is-widened-by-the-presence-of-a-prominence-on-its-upper-border-by-means-of-which-it-unites-with-the-postfrontal-behind-this-it-becomes-round-and-narrows-terminating-posteriorly-in-a-point-which-overlaps-the-anterior-end-of-the-quadrato-jugal-thus-enclosing-the-lateral-temporal-fossa-below-the-palatine-region-of-the-skull-pi-xii-image231690874.html . Biology of the vertebrates : a comparative study of man and his animal allies. Vertebrates; Vertebrates -- Anatomy; Anatomy, Comparative. Premaxillary -External Naris Maxillary Nasal acrimal Prefrontal - Frontal .-Orbit |r-Jugal Postfrontal — Postorbital Epiphyseal Foramen jl-- Parietal '/ijjj— Quadratojugal ^""Squamosal -Postparietal (Dermo-Occipital) Fig. 497. Dorsal view of skull of a cotylosaur, Seymouria (Conodectes), (After Williston.) except mammals, fuse into a single median bone in turtles and most birds. Primarily the palatines, pterygoids, and transpalatines are associat . Biology of the vertebrates : a comparative study of man and his animal allies. Vertebrates; Vertebrates -- Anatomy; Anatomy, Comparative. Premaxillary -External Naris Maxillary Nasal acrimal Prefrontal - Frontal .-Orbit |r-Jugal Postfrontal — Postorbital Epiphyseal Foramen jl-- Parietal '/ijjj— Quadratojugal ^""Squamosal -Postparietal (Dermo-Occipital) Fig. 497. Dorsal view of skull of a cotylosaur, Seymouria (Conodectes), (After Williston.) except mammals, fuse into a single median bone in turtles and most birds. Primarily the palatines, pterygoids, and transpalatines are associathttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/biology-of-the-vertebrates-a-comparative-study-of-man-and-his-animal-allies-vertebrates-vertebrates-anatomy-anatomy-comparative-premaxillary-external-naris-maxillary-nasal-acrimal-prefrontal-frontal-orbit-r-jugal-postfrontal-postorbital-epiphyseal-foramen-jl-parietal-ijjj-quadratojugal-quotquotsquamosal-postparietal-dermo-occipital-fig-497-dorsal-view-of-skull-of-a-cotylosaur-seymouria-conodectes-after-williston-except-mammals-fuse-into-a-single-median-bone-in-turtles-and-most-birds-primarily-the-palatines-pterygoids-and-transpalatines-are-associat-image234595428.html . Zoology : for students and general readers . Zoology. Fig. 448.—Skull of Tchihyosauru? ; lateral view. Pmx, premaxillary bone ; Mx, maxillary ; jV, nasal; Fr, frontal; Prf, prefrontal; Pof, postfrontal ; />«, parietal; X, lachrymal; M, malar ; Qj, quadratojugal ; Q, qua'drate ; Pob^ postorbital ; Sq, squamosal ; D, dentary; Ang, angular ; Art, articular ; S. Ar, subarticular ; Pier, pterygoid.—After Cope. the head was very large, the neck very short, and the orbits were enormous ; the vertebras were remarkably short and bi- ^ concave. They were carniv- orous, and powerful swim- mers, and . Zoology : for students and general readers . Zoology. Fig. 448.—Skull of Tchihyosauru? ; lateral view. Pmx, premaxillary bone ; Mx, maxillary ; jV, nasal; Fr, frontal; Prf, prefrontal; Pof, postfrontal ; />«, parietal; X, lachrymal; M, malar ; Qj, quadratojugal ; Q, qua'drate ; Pob^ postorbital ; Sq, squamosal ; D, dentary; Ang, angular ; Art, articular ; S. Ar, subarticular ; Pier, pterygoid.—After Cope. the head was very large, the neck very short, and the orbits were enormous ; the vertebras were remarkably short and bi- ^ concave. They were carniv- orous, and powerful swim- mers, and https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/zoology-for-students-and-general-readers-zoology-fig-448skull-of-tchihyosauru-lateral-view-pmx-premaxillary-bone-mx-maxillary-jv-nasal-fr-frontal-prf-prefrontal-pof-postfrontal-gt-parietal-x-lachrymal-m-malar-qj-quadratojugal-q-quadrate-pob-postorbital-sq-squamosal-d-dentary-ang-angular-art-articular-s-ar-subarticular-pier-pterygoidafter-cope-the-head-was-very-large-the-neck-very-short-and-the-orbits-were-enormous-the-vertebras-were-remarkably-short-and-bi-concave-they-were-carniv-orous-and-powerful-swim-mers-and-image231941646.html . Chordate anatomy. Chordata; Anatomy, Comparative. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM l6l. Fig. 151.— Membrane bones of typical tetrapod; chondrocranium in dotted outline. interp, interparietal; pmx, premaxilla; pof, postfrontal; porb, postorbital; prf, prefrontal; qj, quadratojugal, zyg, zygomatic. (From Kingsley's "Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates."). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Neal, Herbert V. (Herbert . Chordate anatomy. Chordata; Anatomy, Comparative. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM l6l. Fig. 151.— Membrane bones of typical tetrapod; chondrocranium in dotted outline. interp, interparietal; pmx, premaxilla; pof, postfrontal; porb, postorbital; prf, prefrontal; qj, quadratojugal, zyg, zygomatic. (From Kingsley's "Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates."). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Neal, Herbert V. (Herberthttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/chordate-anatomy-chordata-anatomy-comparative-the-skeletal-system-l6l-fig-151-membrane-bones-of-typical-tetrapod-chondrocranium-in-dotted-outline-interp-interparietal-pmx-premaxilla-pof-postfrontal-porb-postorbital-prf-prefrontal-qj-quadratojugal-zyg-zygomatic-from-kingsleys-quotcomparative-anatomy-of-vertebratesquot-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-neal-herbert-v-herbert-image234924646.html . Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. 254 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM tongue of the parietal which is wedged in between the tabular and the upsweep- ing process of the squamosal. In my specimen the postorbital is more developed and this at the expense of the postfrontal. This particularly affects the appearance of the postorbital bar as seen in dorsal view.. Fig. 2. Struthiocephalus kitchingi. S.A.M. K272 X 1/6. Dorsal view. Orthoprojection on to the alveolar plane. Brink figures the squamosal as entering the ventral orbital borde . Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. 254 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM tongue of the parietal which is wedged in between the tabular and the upsweep- ing process of the squamosal. In my specimen the postorbital is more developed and this at the expense of the postfrontal. This particularly affects the appearance of the postorbital bar as seen in dorsal view.. Fig. 2. Struthiocephalus kitchingi. S.A.M. K272 X 1/6. Dorsal view. Orthoprojection on to the alveolar plane. Brink figures the squamosal as entering the ventral orbital bordehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/annals-of-the-south-african-museum-=-annale-van-die-suid-afrikaanse-museum-natural-history-254-annals-of-the-south-african-museum-tongue-of-the-parietal-which-is-wedged-in-between-the-tabular-and-the-upsweep-ing-process-of-the-squamosal-in-my-specimen-the-postorbital-is-more-developed-and-this-at-the-expense-of-the-postfrontal-this-particularly-affects-the-appearance-of-the-postorbital-bar-as-seen-in-dorsal-view-fig-2-struthiocephalus-kitchingi-sam-k272-x-16-dorsal-view-orthoprojection-on-to-the-alveolar-plane-brink-figures-the-squamosal-as-entering-the-ventral-orbital-borde-image236496915.html . Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural history) ... By Richard Lydekker ... Reptiles, Fossil; Amphibians, Fossil. Cistecephalus microrhinus.—Frontal and occipital aspects of the imperfect cranium; from the Karoo system of the Cape. |. pa, parietal; ip, interparietal; pt.f, postfrontal; fr, frontal; prf, prefrontal; na, nasal; sq, squamosal; so, supraoccipital; eo, exoccipital; bo, section of basi- occipital. 1 Oat. Foss. Eept. S. Africa, p. 63 (187Q).—Kistcccpkalus.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been . Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural history) ... By Richard Lydekker ... Reptiles, Fossil; Amphibians, Fossil. Cistecephalus microrhinus.—Frontal and occipital aspects of the imperfect cranium; from the Karoo system of the Cape. |. pa, parietal; ip, interparietal; pt.f, postfrontal; fr, frontal; prf, prefrontal; na, nasal; sq, squamosal; so, supraoccipital; eo, exoccipital; bo, section of basi- occipital. 1 Oat. Foss. Eept. S. Africa, p. 63 (187Q).—Kistcccpkalus.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/catalogue-of-the-fossil-reptilia-and-amphibia-in-the-british-museum-natural-history-by-richard-lydekker-reptiles-fossil-amphibians-fossil-cistecephalus-microrhinusfrontal-and-occipital-aspects-of-the-imperfect-cranium-from-the-karoo-system-of-the-cape-pa-parietal-ip-interparietal-ptf-postfrontal-fr-frontal-prf-prefrontal-na-nasal-sq-squamosal-so-supraoccipital-eo-exoccipital-bo-section-of-basi-occipital-1-oat-foss-eept-s-africa-p-63-187qkistcccpkalus-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-image233156078.html . Annals of the South African Museum. Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. Fauna and Stratigraphy of the Stormberg Series, 347 the lachrymal, so that it forms about 18 mm. of the orbital border; but its width throughout most of its length is only about 6 mm. I can see no evidence of a postfrontal. Even if one be present the frontal is still peculiar in that it passes back to form part of the anterior border of the upper temporal fossa, separating the postorbital from the parietal. The interorbital region has a median elevation, broadened at the level of the postorbital bars, . Annals of the South African Museum. Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. Fauna and Stratigraphy of the Stormberg Series, 347 the lachrymal, so that it forms about 18 mm. of the orbital border; but its width throughout most of its length is only about 6 mm. I can see no evidence of a postfrontal. Even if one be present the frontal is still peculiar in that it passes back to form part of the anterior border of the upper temporal fossa, separating the postorbital from the parietal. The interorbital region has a median elevation, broadened at the level of the postorbital bars,https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/annals-of-the-south-african-museum-annale-van-die-suid-afrikaanse-museum-natural-history-fauna-and-stratigraphy-of-the-stormberg-series-347-the-lachrymal-so-that-it-forms-about-18-mm-of-the-orbital-border-but-its-width-throughout-most-of-its-length-is-only-about-6-mm-i-can-see-no-evidence-of-a-postfrontal-even-if-one-be-present-the-frontal-is-still-peculiar-in-that-it-passes-back-to-form-part-of-the-anterior-border-of-the-upper-temporal-fossa-separating-the-postorbital-from-the-parietal-the-interorbital-region-has-a-median-elevation-broadened-at-the-level-of-the-postorbital-bars-image236455043.html . Annals of the South African Museum. Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. 152 Annals of the Sovith African Museum. preparietal is seen to be a fairly large bone which touches only a minute fraction of the pineal foramen. The postfrontal is long and narrow, and the parietal has but one anterior process passing between the frontal and preparietal. Since the original paper the occiput and basicranium of the type skull have been cleared of matrix. The occipital plate is nearly vertical. The foramen magnum is large, its upper margin being more than halfway up the skull. Conseque . Annals of the South African Museum. Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. 152 Annals of the Sovith African Museum. preparietal is seen to be a fairly large bone which touches only a minute fraction of the pineal foramen. The postfrontal is long and narrow, and the parietal has but one anterior process passing between the frontal and preparietal. Since the original paper the occiput and basicranium of the type skull have been cleared of matrix. The occipital plate is nearly vertical. The foramen magnum is large, its upper margin being more than halfway up the skull. Consequehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/annals-of-the-south-african-museum-annale-van-die-suid-afrikaanse-museum-natural-history-152-annals-of-the-sovith-african-museum-preparietal-is-seen-to-be-a-fairly-large-bone-which-touches-only-a-minute-fraction-of-the-pineal-foramen-the-postfrontal-is-long-and-narrow-and-the-parietal-has-but-one-anterior-process-passing-between-the-frontal-and-preparietal-since-the-original-paper-the-occiput-and-basicranium-of-the-type-skull-have-been-cleared-of-matrix-the-occipital-plate-is-nearly-vertical-the-foramen-magnum-is-large-its-upper-margin-being-more-than-halfway-up-the-skull-conseque-image236455426.html . The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. ng parts of the skull of a Mosasaur, he would doubtlesshave added convincing grounds against Faujass view of the croco-dilian affinities of that genus, and in support of his own lacertianconclusion. In the type Lacertilia (Monitor, Iguana, Amblyrhynchus, &c.)the temporal fossae, t, are widely open. Each is bounded mesially bythe parietal, fig. 7, 7, laterally by the postfrontal, 12, and squa-mosal, 27, posteriorly by the mastoid, 8. The parietal bifurcatesposteriorly, and develops a ridge from the hind part of the oblite-rated sagitt . The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. ng parts of the skull of a Mosasaur, he would doubtlesshave added convincing grounds against Faujass view of the croco-dilian affinities of that genus, and in support of his own lacertianconclusion. In the type Lacertilia (Monitor, Iguana, Amblyrhynchus, &c.)the temporal fossae, t, are widely open. Each is bounded mesially bythe parietal, fig. 7, 7, laterally by the postfrontal, 12, and squa-mosal, 27, posteriorly by the mastoid, 8. The parietal bifurcatesposteriorly, and develops a ridge from the hind part of the oblite-rated sagitthttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-quarterly-journal-of-the-geological-society-of-london-ng-parts-of-the-skull-of-a-mosasaur-he-would-doubtlesshave-added-convincing-grounds-against-faujass-view-of-the-croco-dilian-affinities-of-that-genus-and-in-support-of-his-own-lacertianconclusion-in-the-type-lacertilia-monitor-iguana-amblyrhynchus-cthe-temporal-fossae-t-are-widely-open-each-is-bounded-mesially-bythe-parietal-fig-7-7-laterally-by-the-postfrontal-12-and-squa-mosal-27-posteriorly-by-the-mastoid-8-the-parietal-bifurcatesposteriorly-and-develops-a-ridge-from-the-hind-part-of-the-oblite-rated-sagitt-image370384445.html . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology; Zoology. Anatomy of Eocaecilia micropodia •Jenkins, Walsh, and Carroll 297. Figure 7. Eocaecilia micropodia, MNA V8059, ventral view of the skull roof and palate. typhlidae) possess a putative postfrontal, which could be distinct or partially or en- tirely fused to the maxillopalatine (Nuss- baum and Wilkinson, 1989). The "post- frontal" of living caecilians is thus a con- ventional designation for the single ossifi- cation that nearly encircles the eye (cf. Ichthyophis glutinosus, Fig. 6A; Uraeo- typhlus na . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology; Zoology. Anatomy of Eocaecilia micropodia •Jenkins, Walsh, and Carroll 297. Figure 7. Eocaecilia micropodia, MNA V8059, ventral view of the skull roof and palate. typhlidae) possess a putative postfrontal, which could be distinct or partially or en- tirely fused to the maxillopalatine (Nuss- baum and Wilkinson, 1989). The "post- frontal" of living caecilians is thus a con- ventional designation for the single ossifi- cation that nearly encircles the eye (cf. Ichthyophis glutinosus, Fig. 6A; Uraeo- typhlus nahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/bulletin-of-the-museum-of-comparative-zoology-at-harvard-college-zoology-zoology-anatomy-of-eocaecilia-micropodia-jenkins-walsh-and-carroll-297-figure-7-eocaecilia-micropodia-mna-v8059-ventral-view-of-the-skull-roof-and-palate-typhlidae-possess-a-putative-postfrontal-which-could-be-distinct-or-partially-or-en-tirely-fused-to-the-maxillopalatine-nuss-baum-and-wilkinson-1989-the-quotpost-frontalquot-of-living-caecilians-is-thus-a-con-ventional-designation-for-the-single-ossifi-cation-that-nearly-encircles-the-eye-cf-ichthyophis-glutinosus-fig-6a-uraeo-typhlus-na-image233894539.html . Chordate morphology. Morphology (Animals); Chordata. postfrontal . i .. i .nnlH 1 P°s'°rbital parietal nasal septomaxilio premaxilla A. orbitosphenoid !âº------â par frontal ^__,,.-âV-âH^T/ ^'^---. epipterygoid prefrontal, _^r::rIlS--'--''VS /X^squamosol ^supratemporal epiphysis paroccipital process occipital condyle quadrate prootic bosisphenoid squamosal quadrate epiphysis suprotemporol paroccipital process of opisthotic supraoccipital 'basioccipital â exoccipital prootic palatine ectopterygoid , parosphenoid P^^'YQO'd maxilla lacrima prefronto B. Please note that these images are ex . Chordate morphology. Morphology (Animals); Chordata. postfrontal . i .. i .nnlH 1 P°s'°rbital parietal nasal septomaxilio premaxilla A. orbitosphenoid !âº------â par frontal ^__,,.-âV-âH^T/ ^'^---. epipterygoid prefrontal, _^r::rIlS--'--''VS /X^squamosol ^supratemporal epiphysis paroccipital process occipital condyle quadrate prootic bosisphenoid squamosal quadrate epiphysis suprotemporol paroccipital process of opisthotic supraoccipital 'basioccipital â exoccipital prootic palatine ectopterygoid , parosphenoid P^^'YQO'd maxilla lacrima prefronto B. Please note that these images are exhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/chordate-morphology-morphology-animals-chordata-postfrontal-i-i-nnlh-1-psrbital-parietal-nasal-septomaxilio-premaxilla-a-orbitosphenoid-!-par-frontal-v-ht-epipterygoid-prefrontal-rrils-vs-xsquamosol-supratemporal-epiphysis-paroccipital-process-occipital-condyle-quadrate-prootic-bosisphenoid-squamosal-quadrate-epiphysis-suprotemporol-paroccipital-process-of-opisthotic-supraoccipital-basioccipital-exoccipital-prootic-palatine-ectopterygoid-parosphenoid-pyqod-maxilla-lacrima-prefronto-b-please-note-that-these-images-are-ex-image234909357.html . The Cambridge natural history. Zoology. XII VARAN IDAE 543 covered with very small juxtaposed scales and tubercles above, while the ventral scales are squarish and arranged in transverse rows. Osteoderms are entirely absent. The tail is very long, often laterally compressed. The teeth are large and pointed, dilated at the base. The premaxilla is unpaired and dorsally extends backwards to the likewise unpaired nasal. There is a pair of small supra-orbital bones, easily lost during maceration. The orbit is open behind, the jugal being short and not meet- ing the postfrontal; the postorbital fo . The Cambridge natural history. Zoology. XII VARAN IDAE 543 covered with very small juxtaposed scales and tubercles above, while the ventral scales are squarish and arranged in transverse rows. Osteoderms are entirely absent. The tail is very long, often laterally compressed. The teeth are large and pointed, dilated at the base. The premaxilla is unpaired and dorsally extends backwards to the likewise unpaired nasal. There is a pair of small supra-orbital bones, easily lost during maceration. The orbit is open behind, the jugal being short and not meet- ing the postfrontal; the postorbital fohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-cambridge-natural-history-zoology-xii-varan-idae-543-covered-with-very-small-juxtaposed-scales-and-tubercles-above-while-the-ventral-scales-are-squarish-and-arranged-in-transverse-rows-osteoderms-are-entirely-absent-the-tail-is-very-long-often-laterally-compressed-the-teeth-are-large-and-pointed-dilated-at-the-base-the-premaxilla-is-unpaired-and-dorsally-extends-backwards-to-the-likewise-unpaired-nasal-there-is-a-pair-of-small-supra-orbital-bones-easily-lost-during-maceration-the-orbit-is-open-behind-the-jugal-being-short-and-not-meet-ing-the-postfrontal-the-postorbital-fo-image232173265.html . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. ROMER: LARGER EMBOLOMEROUR AMPHIBIANS 419 at once that we are dealing with an animal quite similar to the English embolomeres of the Pteroplax-Eogyrinus type; compare, for example, my figures with those of Atthey 1876, plates VIII, IX {"Antkracosawrus russelli") and Atthey 1877, plate X1TT.. Figure 1. Neopteroplax conemaughensis. Skull roof as preserved. x% approximately. Abbreviations: /, frontal; it, intertemporal; j, jugal; I, lac- rimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pf, postfrontal; pm, premaxilla; . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. ROMER: LARGER EMBOLOMEROUR AMPHIBIANS 419 at once that we are dealing with an animal quite similar to the English embolomeres of the Pteroplax-Eogyrinus type; compare, for example, my figures with those of Atthey 1876, plates VIII, IX {"Antkracosawrus russelli") and Atthey 1877, plate X1TT.. Figure 1. Neopteroplax conemaughensis. Skull roof as preserved. x% approximately. Abbreviations: /, frontal; it, intertemporal; j, jugal; I, lac- rimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pf, postfrontal; pm, premaxilla;https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/bulletin-of-the-museum-of-comparative-zoology-at-harvard-college-zoology-romer-larger-embolomerour-amphibians-419-at-once-that-we-are-dealing-with-an-animal-quite-similar-to-the-english-embolomeres-of-the-pteroplax-eogyrinus-type-compare-for-example-my-figures-with-those-of-atthey-1876-plates-viii-ix-quotantkracosawrus-russelliquot-and-atthey-1877-plate-x1tt-figure-1-neopteroplax-conemaughensis-skull-roof-as-preserved-x-approximately-abbreviations-frontal-it-intertemporal-j-jugal-i-lac-rimal-m-maxilla-n-nasal-p-parietal-pf-postfrontal-pm-premaxilla-image233900171.html . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. 386 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology nasal before, and a first and second labial below; ocular moderate, eye distinct; 3 upper labials, third largest; 3-6 large temporals, upper in contact with a postfrontal, parietal and occipital, and anteriorly with ocular and third labial; mental moderate, subquadrangular; 3 lower. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly res . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. 386 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology nasal before, and a first and second labial below; ocular moderate, eye distinct; 3 upper labials, third largest; 3-6 large temporals, upper in contact with a postfrontal, parietal and occipital, and anteriorly with ocular and third labial; mental moderate, subquadrangular; 3 lower. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly reshttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/bulletin-of-the-museum-of-comparative-zoology-at-harvard-college-zoology-386-bulletin-museum-of-comparative-zoology-nasal-before-and-a-first-and-second-labial-below-ocular-moderate-eye-distinct-3-upper-labials-third-largest-3-6-large-temporals-upper-in-contact-with-a-postfrontal-parietal-and-occipital-and-anteriorly-with-ocular-and-third-labial-mental-moderate-subquadrangular-3-lower-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-res-image233876953.html . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology; Zoology. 1 mm. Figure 4. The skull of the type specimen of Eocaecilia micropodia (MNA V8066) in (A) dorsal and (B) ventral views (stereo- photographs). bital margin in Eocaecilia micropodia is to the posterior orbital margin. Jenkins somewhat equivocal because all specimens and Walsh's reconstruction (1993, fig. 2b) are to some degree damaged in this area, of E. micropodia depicted both bones, an In most Paleozoic tetrapods two bones—a interpretation based primarily on the right postfrontal and a postorbital—contribut . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology; Zoology. 1 mm. Figure 4. The skull of the type specimen of Eocaecilia micropodia (MNA V8066) in (A) dorsal and (B) ventral views (stereo- photographs). bital margin in Eocaecilia micropodia is to the posterior orbital margin. Jenkins somewhat equivocal because all specimens and Walsh's reconstruction (1993, fig. 2b) are to some degree damaged in this area, of E. micropodia depicted both bones, an In most Paleozoic tetrapods two bones—a interpretation based primarily on the right postfrontal and a postorbital—contributhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/bulletin-of-the-museum-of-comparative-zoology-at-harvard-college-zoology-zoology-1-mm-figure-4-the-skull-of-the-type-specimen-of-eocaecilia-micropodia-mna-v8066-in-a-dorsal-and-b-ventral-views-stereo-photographs-bital-margin-in-eocaecilia-micropodia-is-to-the-posterior-orbital-margin-jenkins-somewhat-equivocal-because-all-specimens-and-walshs-reconstruction-1993-fig-2b-are-to-some-degree-damaged-in-this-area-of-e-micropodia-depicted-both-bones-an-in-most-paleozoic-tetrapods-two-bonesa-interpretation-based-primarily-on-the-right-postfrontal-and-a-postorbitalcontribut-image233894643.html . Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. 24 BULLETIN 110, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. downward behind the head of the quadrate as in Ceratosaurus. Aia anteriorly directed process meets the postfrontal, the latter being received in a deep elongated groove on the external face. Posteriorly it rests upon the front u])per border of the paraoccipital process. Continuing inward it meets the base of the transverse portion of the parietal with whicli it is suturally united. The longer axis of the squamosal in the articulated skull is inclined somewhat forward from the vertical as shown . Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. 24 BULLETIN 110, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. downward behind the head of the quadrate as in Ceratosaurus. Aia anteriorly directed process meets the postfrontal, the latter being received in a deep elongated groove on the external face. Posteriorly it rests upon the front u])per border of the paraoccipital process. Continuing inward it meets the base of the transverse portion of the parietal with whicli it is suturally united. The longer axis of the squamosal in the articulated skull is inclined somewhat forward from the vertical as shown https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/bulletin-united-states-national-museum-science-24-bulletin-110-united-states-national-museum-downward-behind-the-head-of-the-quadrate-as-in-ceratosaurus-aia-anteriorly-directed-process-meets-the-postfrontal-the-latter-being-received-in-a-deep-elongated-groove-on-the-external-face-posteriorly-it-rests-upon-the-front-u-per-border-of-the-paraoccipital-process-continuing-inward-it-meets-the-base-of-the-transverse-portion-of-the-parietal-with-whicli-it-is-suturally-united-the-longer-axis-of-the-squamosal-in-the-articulated-skull-is-inclined-somewhat-forward-from-the-vertical-as-shown-image233749921.html . On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . ch close the mouth, one, like the muscle I,fig. 132, of the Shark, bears analogy to the masseter; in theabsence of a zygoma, it arises from the postfrontal and contiguouspart of the ectopterygoid, fig. 145, e, passes backward, windinground the tympano-mandibular joint, and is inserted into thesurangular and angular, as far forward as the dentary. Invenomous snakes its fascial origin spreads over the poison-bag,ib. a. The temporalis,ib. z, arises from theside and spine of theparietal, and descendsalmost vertically, partlycovered by the mas . On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . ch close the mouth, one, like the muscle I,fig. 132, of the Shark, bears analogy to the masseter; in theabsence of a zygoma, it arises from the postfrontal and contiguouspart of the ectopterygoid, fig. 145, e, passes backward, windinground the tympano-mandibular joint, and is inserted into thesurangular and angular, as far forward as the dentary. Invenomous snakes its fascial origin spreads over the poison-bag,ib. a. The temporalis,ib. z, arises from theside and spine of theparietal, and descendsalmost vertically, partlycovered by the mashttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/on-the-anatomy-of-vertebrates-electronic-resource-ch-close-the-mouth-one-like-the-muscle-ifig-132-of-the-shark-bears-analogy-to-the-masseter-in-theabsence-of-a-zygoma-it-arises-from-the-postfrontal-and-contiguouspart-of-the-ectopterygoid-fig-145-e-passes-backward-windinground-the-tympano-mandibular-joint-and-is-inserted-into-thesurangular-and-angular-as-far-forward-as-the-dentary-invenomous-snakes-its-fascial-origin-spreads-over-the-poison-bagib-a-the-temporalisib-z-arises-from-theside-and-spine-of-theparietal-and-descendsalmost-vertically-partlycovered-by-the-mas-image374657057.html . Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. 96 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM postfrontal is very well developed with a large entry into the orbital border; whereas the postorbital appears to have only a very small entry into the orbital border, forming the posterior part of the postorbital bar. The edge of the sagittal crest is not preserved but was probably sharp and fairly high with little flanking of the parietal by the postorbital. S.M*.. a.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digit . Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. 96 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM postfrontal is very well developed with a large entry into the orbital border; whereas the postorbital appears to have only a very small entry into the orbital border, forming the posterior part of the postorbital bar. The edge of the sagittal crest is not preserved but was probably sharp and fairly high with little flanking of the parietal by the postorbital. S.M*.. a.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digithttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/annals-of-the-south-african-museum-=-annale-van-die-suid-afrikaanse-museum-natural-history-96-annals-of-the-south-african-museum-postfrontal-is-very-well-developed-with-a-large-entry-into-the-orbital-border-whereas-the-postorbital-appears-to-have-only-a-very-small-entry-into-the-orbital-border-forming-the-posterior-part-of-the-postorbital-bar-the-edge-of-the-sagittal-crest-is-not-preserved-but-was-probably-sharp-and-fairly-high-with-little-flanking-of-the-parietal-by-the-postorbital-sm-a-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digit-image236454171.html . Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural history) ... By Richard Lydekker ... Reptiles, Fossil; Amphibians, Fossil. Cistecephalus microrhinus.—Frontal and occipital aspects of the imperfect cranium; from the Karoo system of the Cape. |. pa, parietal; ip, interparietal; pt.f, postfrontal; fr, frontal; prf, prefrontal; na, nasal; sq, squamosal; so, supraoccipital; eo, exoccipital; bo, section of basi- occipital. 1 Oat. Foss. Eept. S. Africa, p. 63 (187Q).—Kistcccpkalus.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been . Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural history) ... By Richard Lydekker ... Reptiles, Fossil; Amphibians, Fossil. Cistecephalus microrhinus.—Frontal and occipital aspects of the imperfect cranium; from the Karoo system of the Cape. |. pa, parietal; ip, interparietal; pt.f, postfrontal; fr, frontal; prf, prefrontal; na, nasal; sq, squamosal; so, supraoccipital; eo, exoccipital; bo, section of basi- occipital. 1 Oat. Foss. Eept. S. Africa, p. 63 (187Q).—Kistcccpkalus.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/catalogue-of-the-fossil-reptilia-and-amphibia-in-the-british-museum-natural-history-by-richard-lydekker-reptiles-fossil-amphibians-fossil-cistecephalus-microrhinusfrontal-and-occipital-aspects-of-the-imperfect-cranium-from-the-karoo-system-of-the-cape-pa-parietal-ip-interparietal-ptf-postfrontal-fr-frontal-prf-prefrontal-na-nasal-sq-squamosal-so-supraoccipital-eo-exoccipital-bo-section-of-basi-occipital-1-oat-foss-eept-s-africa-p-63-187qkistcccpkalus-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-image233004952.html . Text book of vertebrate zoology. Vertebrates; Anatomy, Comparative. 162 MORPHOLOGY OF THE ORGANS OF VERTEBRATES. have been named; it usually enters into the composition of the anterior wall of the orbit, but it may be forced forward by the prefrontal.. Fig. T71. Ventral and side views of the skull of [ft't-:ria 'Sth-:n:d.:n'^, after Gnnther. bo, basioccipital ; bs, basisphenoid ; no. exoccipital; fr, frontal; j, jugal; /, lachrymal; mx, maxillare; «, nasal; 00, opisthotic; .' -,. palatine; pf, prefrontal; pm, premaxillary; to. postorbital; po', postfrontal ; //, pter"goid; q^ quadrate; . Text book of vertebrate zoology. Vertebrates; Anatomy, Comparative. 162 MORPHOLOGY OF THE ORGANS OF VERTEBRATES. have been named; it usually enters into the composition of the anterior wall of the orbit, but it may be forced forward by the prefrontal.. Fig. T71. Ventral and side views of the skull of [ft't-:ria 'Sth-:n:d.:n'^, after Gnnther. bo, basioccipital ; bs, basisphenoid ; no. exoccipital; fr, frontal; j, jugal; /, lachrymal; mx, maxillare; «, nasal; 00, opisthotic; .' -,. palatine; pf, prefrontal; pm, premaxillary; to. postorbital; po', postfrontal ; //, pter"goid; q^ quadrate;https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/text-book-of-vertebrate-zoology-vertebrates-anatomy-comparative-162-morphology-of-the-organs-of-vertebrates-have-been-named-it-usually-enters-into-the-composition-of-the-anterior-wall-of-the-orbit-but-it-may-be-forced-forward-by-the-prefrontal-fig-t71-ventral-and-side-views-of-the-skull-of-ftt-ria-sth-ndn-after-gnnther-bo-basioccipital-bs-basisphenoid-no-exoccipital-fr-frontal-j-jugal-lachrymal-mx-maxillare-nasal-00-opisthotic-palatine-pf-prefrontal-pm-premaxillary-to-postorbital-po-postfrontal-pterquotgoid-q-quadrate-image232252676.html . The annals and magazine of natural history : zoology, botany, and geology . Skiill of Aulopus filamentosm, from above and from the side. V, vomer; eth, mesethmoid; leth, lateral ethmoid (praefrontal); «, nasal;in, infranasal; sor, supraorbital; por, postorbital; /, frontal;p, parietal; soc, supraoccipital; eoc, exoccipital; boc, basioccipital;spo, sphenotic (postfrontal); ^rfo, pterotic ; epo, epiotic; opo, opis-tbotic ; pro, prootic ; i)sj), parasphenoid ; bsp, basisphenoid ; asp,alisphenoid; osp, orbitosphenoid ; t, temporal plate (lateral dermo-occipital). and of the uppermost postorbital . The annals and magazine of natural history : zoology, botany, and geology . Skiill of Aulopus filamentosm, from above and from the side. V, vomer; eth, mesethmoid; leth, lateral ethmoid (praefrontal); «, nasal;in, infranasal; sor, supraorbital; por, postorbital; /, frontal;p, parietal; soc, supraoccipital; eoc, exoccipital; boc, basioccipital;spo, sphenotic (postfrontal); ^rfo, pterotic ; epo, epiotic; opo, opis-tbotic ; pro, prootic ; i)sj), parasphenoid ; bsp, basisphenoid ; asp,alisphenoid; osp, orbitosphenoid ; t, temporal plate (lateral dermo-occipital). and of the uppermost postorbitalhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-annals-and-magazine-of-natural-history-zoology-botany-and-geology-skiill-of-aulopus-filamentosm-from-above-and-from-the-side-v-vomer-eth-mesethmoid-leth-lateral-ethmoid-praefrontal-nasalin-infranasal-sor-supraorbital-por-postorbital-frontalp-parietal-soc-supraoccipital-eoc-exoccipital-boc-basioccipitalspo-sphenotic-postfrontal-rfo-pterotic-epo-epiotic-opo-opis-tbotic-pro-prootic-isj-parasphenoid-bsp-basisphenoid-aspalisphenoid-osp-orbitosphenoid-t-temporal-plate-lateral-dermo-occipital-and-of-the-uppermost-postorbital-image369853452.html . Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. go ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Diagnosis There are 5 postcanines; maximum length of skull 252 mm.; preorbital depression shallow, continued anteriorly as a shallow groove; postfrontal small; squamosal with lateral bulge.. a. » SAM. q3U3,. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. South African Museum. Cape Town : The . Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. go ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Diagnosis There are 5 postcanines; maximum length of skull 252 mm.; preorbital depression shallow, continued anteriorly as a shallow groove; postfrontal small; squamosal with lateral bulge.. a. » SAM. q3U3,. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. South African Museum. Cape Town : The https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/annals-of-the-south-african-museum-=-annale-van-die-suid-afrikaanse-museum-natural-history-go-annals-of-the-south-african-museum-diagnosis-there-are-5-postcanines-maximum-length-of-skull-252-mm-preorbital-depression-shallow-continued-anteriorly-as-a-shallow-groove-postfrontal-small-squamosal-with-lateral-bulge-a-sam-q3u3-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-south-african-museum-cape-town-the-image236454211.html A treatise on zoology . o lodge theanterior vertical semicircular canal of the ear, gradually encroachingon the upper and anterior region of the auditory capsule. In themore specialised fish (most Teleostei), the postfrontal abandons thesurface and sinks below, becoming a purely cartilage bone,except for the lateral-line element Avhich may remain above. InAmia the two portions are sometimes well developed and separate(Allis [12]). Similarly, the pterotic invades the posterior upperregion of the auditory capsule, and lodges the horizontal semi-circular canal. A bone known as the epiotic (extern A treatise on zoology . o lodge theanterior vertical semicircular canal of the ear, gradually encroachingon the upper and anterior region of the auditory capsule. In themore specialised fish (most Teleostei), the postfrontal abandons thesurface and sinks below, becoming a purely cartilage bone,except for the lateral-line element Avhich may remain above. InAmia the two portions are sometimes well developed and separate(Allis [12]). Similarly, the pterotic invades the posterior upperregion of the auditory capsule, and lodges the horizontal semi-circular canal. A bone known as the epiotic (externhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-treatise-on-zoology-o-lodge-theanterior-vertical-semicircular-canal-of-the-ear-gradually-encroachingon-the-upper-and-anterior-region-of-the-auditory-capsule-in-themore-specialised-fish-most-teleostei-the-postfrontal-abandons-thesurface-and-sinks-below-becoming-a-purely-cartilage-boneexcept-for-the-lateral-line-element-avhich-may-remain-above-inamia-the-two-portions-are-sometimes-well-developed-and-separateallis-12-similarly-the-pterotic-invades-the-posterior-upperregion-of-the-auditory-capsule-and-lodges-the-horizontal-semi-circular-canal-a-bone-known-as-the-epiotic-extern-image338300847.html . Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). UPPER JURASSIC PLESIOSAUROIDEA 301 Kimmerosaurus langhami sp. nov. (Figs 26-39) Name. In honour of R. A. Langham, Esq., of Reading, Berkshire, who found the holotype skull in 1967 and presented it to the British Museum (Natural History) the following year. Holotype. R.8431, a disarticulated incomplete skull consisting of the frontals, parietals, squamosals and pterygoids; the right postfrontal, postorbital and fused exoccipital- opisthotic; the left quadrate; the basioccipital; the right angular and fused surangular- articular; the dentary an . Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). UPPER JURASSIC PLESIOSAUROIDEA 301 Kimmerosaurus langhami sp. nov. (Figs 26-39) Name. In honour of R. A. Langham, Esq., of Reading, Berkshire, who found the holotype skull in 1967 and presented it to the British Museum (Natural History) the following year. Holotype. R.8431, a disarticulated incomplete skull consisting of the frontals, parietals, squamosals and pterygoids; the right postfrontal, postorbital and fused exoccipital- opisthotic; the left quadrate; the basioccipital; the right angular and fused surangular- articular; the dentary anhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/bulletin-of-the-british-museum-natural-history-upper-jurassic-plesiosauroidea-301-kimmerosaurus-langhami-sp-nov-figs-26-39-name-in-honour-of-r-a-langham-esq-of-reading-berkshire-who-found-the-holotype-skull-in-1967-and-presented-it-to-the-british-museum-natural-history-the-following-year-holotype-r8431-a-disarticulated-incomplete-skull-consisting-of-the-frontals-parietals-squamosals-and-pterygoids-the-right-postfrontal-postorbital-and-fused-exoccipital-opisthotic-the-left-quadrate-the-basioccipital-the-right-angular-and-fused-surangular-articular-the-dentary-an-image233960517.html . A manual of elementary zoology . Zoology. COLD-BLOODED VERTEBRATA 337 (ii) the lower or infratemporal arcade, below and outside the supra- temporal, of the jugal and quadratojugal; (iii) the postorbital bar, of the postfrontal, postorbital, and jugal; (iv) the post-temporal bar, at -1,0.d v.eff.. od'.-J. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Borradaile, L. A. (Lancelot Alexander), 1872-1945. London : H. Frowde, . A manual of elementary zoology . Zoology. COLD-BLOODED VERTEBRATA 337 (ii) the lower or infratemporal arcade, below and outside the supra- temporal, of the jugal and quadratojugal; (iii) the postorbital bar, of the postfrontal, postorbital, and jugal; (iv) the post-temporal bar, at -1,0.d v.eff.. od'.-J. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Borradaile, L. A. (Lancelot Alexander), 1872-1945. London : H. Frowde, https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-elementary-zoology-zoology-cold-blooded-vertebrata-337-ii-the-lower-or-infratemporal-arcade-below-and-outside-the-supra-temporal-of-the-jugal-and-quadratojugal-iii-the-postorbital-bar-of-the-postfrontal-postorbital-and-jugal-iv-the-post-temporal-bar-at-10d-veff-od-j-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-borradaile-l-a-lancelot-alexander-1872-1945-london-h-frowde-image232108274.html . Chordate morphology. Morphology (Animals); Chordata. fronta foramen for Jacobson's organ vomei premoxillo |ugal postfrontal basipterygoid process ectopterygoid epipterygoid / bosisphenoid covered by palatine. septomaxilio new tooth in socket ^ maxilla orbitosphenoid Figure 4-1. Skull of the Tegu lizard, Tupinombis nigropunctatus. A, laterol view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view. Sphenodon, the Tuafara The Tuatara head skeleton looks like that of the lizard (Figures 4-7, 4-8). The arches of this diapsid reptile are even better developed than the lizard's, and the inferior temporal fenestra is . Chordate morphology. Morphology (Animals); Chordata. fronta foramen for Jacobson's organ vomei premoxillo |ugal postfrontal basipterygoid process ectopterygoid epipterygoid / bosisphenoid covered by palatine. septomaxilio new tooth in socket ^ maxilla orbitosphenoid Figure 4-1. Skull of the Tegu lizard, Tupinombis nigropunctatus. A, laterol view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view. Sphenodon, the Tuafara The Tuatara head skeleton looks like that of the lizard (Figures 4-7, 4-8). The arches of this diapsid reptile are even better developed than the lizard's, and the inferior temporal fenestra ishttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/chordate-morphology-morphology-animals-chordata-fronta-foramen-for-jacobsons-organ-vomei-premoxillo-ugal-postfrontal-basipterygoid-process-ectopterygoid-epipterygoid-bosisphenoid-covered-by-palatine-septomaxilio-new-tooth-in-socket-maxilla-orbitosphenoid-figure-4-1-skull-of-the-tegu-lizard-tupinombis-nigropunctatus-a-laterol-view-b-dorsal-view-c-ventral-view-sphenodon-the-tuafara-the-tuatara-head-skeleton-looks-like-that-of-the-lizard-figures-4-7-4-8-the-arches-of-this-diapsid-reptile-are-even-better-developed-than-the-lizards-and-the-inferior-temporal-fenestra-is-image234909322.html . Chordate anatomy. Chordata; Anatomy, Comparative. Fig. 155.—Dorsal and ventral views of the skull of turtle, Trionyx. Compared with the skull of the bony fish, that of reptiles shows increased compactness and integra- tion of elements, bo, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; eo, es, exoccipital;/, frontal; j, zygomatic (jugal); m, mx, maxilla; n, prefrontal; opis, opisthotic; p, (behind orbit) postfrontal, (others) parietal; pal, palatine; pmx, premaxilla; pno, prootic; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; s, supraoccipital; v, vomer. (From Kingsley's "Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates."). Pl . Chordate anatomy. Chordata; Anatomy, Comparative. Fig. 155.—Dorsal and ventral views of the skull of turtle, Trionyx. Compared with the skull of the bony fish, that of reptiles shows increased compactness and integra- tion of elements, bo, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; eo, es, exoccipital;/, frontal; j, zygomatic (jugal); m, mx, maxilla; n, prefrontal; opis, opisthotic; p, (behind orbit) postfrontal, (others) parietal; pal, palatine; pmx, premaxilla; pno, prootic; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; s, supraoccipital; v, vomer. (From Kingsley's "Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates."). Plhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/chordate-anatomy-chordata-anatomy-comparative-fig-155dorsal-and-ventral-views-of-the-skull-of-turtle-trionyx-compared-with-the-skull-of-the-bony-fish-that-of-reptiles-shows-increased-compactness-and-integra-tion-of-elements-bo-basioccipital-bs-basisphenoid-eo-es-exoccipital-frontal-j-zygomatic-jugal-m-mx-maxilla-n-prefrontal-opis-opisthotic-p-behind-orbit-postfrontal-others-parietal-pal-palatine-pmx-premaxilla-pno-prootic-pt-pterygoid-q-quadrate-s-supraoccipital-v-vomer-from-kingsleys-quotcomparative-anatomy-of-vertebratesquot-pl-image234924571.html . On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . medilateral (/ and m, as in Quadrumana, are less distinct fromeach other, as well as shorter and more oblique, than in Carni-vora), n, frontal (or postfrontal) n, superfrontal, n, midfrontal, n,nssubfrontal, n*, ectofrontal,^, lambdoidal, q, superoccipital, qs mid-occipital. Homologous fissures and folds in the brains of the Infant.113. Chimpanzee. Homo. Adult. infant, fig. 113, and chimpanzee, fig. 114, are indicated by similarfigures and letters. In the upper view of the human hemisphere, fig. 116, the fol-lowing fissures arc marked:—5, . On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . medilateral (/ and m, as in Quadrumana, are less distinct fromeach other, as well as shorter and more oblique, than in Carni-vora), n, frontal (or postfrontal) n, superfrontal, n, midfrontal, n,nssubfrontal, n*, ectofrontal,^, lambdoidal, q, superoccipital, qs mid-occipital. Homologous fissures and folds in the brains of the Infant.113. Chimpanzee. Homo. Adult. infant, fig. 113, and chimpanzee, fig. 114, are indicated by similarfigures and letters. In the upper view of the human hemisphere, fig. 116, the fol-lowing fissures arc marked:—5,https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/on-the-anatomy-of-vertebrates-electronic-resource-medilateral-and-m-as-in-quadrumana-are-less-distinct-fromeach-other-as-well-as-shorter-and-more-oblique-than-in-carni-vora-n-frontal-or-postfrontal-n-superfrontal-n-midfrontal-nnssubfrontal-n-ectofrontal-lambdoidal-q-superoccipital-qs-mid-occipital-homologous-fissures-and-folds-in-the-brains-of-the-infant113-chimpanzee-homo-adult-infant-fig-113-and-chimpanzee-fig-114-are-indicated-by-similarfigures-and-letters-in-the-upper-view-of-the-human-hemisphere-fig-116-the-fol-lowing-fissures-arc-marked5-image375130583.html Smithsonian miscellaneous collections . ngular. , nasal.bh, dentigerous plate covering the op, opisthotic. basibranchials. ope, opercular. bo, basioccipital. or, orbitosphenoid. br, branchiostegal rays. p, parietal. bs, basiphenoid. ph, pharyngobranchial. cb, ceratobranchial. pl, palatine. ch, ceratohyal. pih premaxilla. cor, circumorbital bones. pof, postfrontal. ct, cartilage. pop, preopercular. d, dentarv. prf, prefrontal. eb, epibranchial. pro, pro-otic. ecar, ectosteal articular. ps, parasphenoid. ccp, ectopterygoid. pt, post-temporal. eo, exoccipital. ptf, posterior temporal fossa. ep, e Smithsonian miscellaneous collections . ngular. , nasal.bh, dentigerous plate covering the op, opisthotic. basibranchials. ope, opercular. bo, basioccipital. or, orbitosphenoid. br, branchiostegal rays. p, parietal. bs, basiphenoid. ph, pharyngobranchial. cb, ceratobranchial. pl, palatine. ch, ceratohyal. pih premaxilla. cor, circumorbital bones. pof, postfrontal. ct, cartilage. pop, preopercular. d, dentarv. prf, prefrontal. eb, epibranchial. pro, pro-otic. ecar, ectosteal articular. ps, parasphenoid. ccp, ectopterygoid. pt, post-temporal. eo, exoccipital. ptf, posterior temporal fossa. ep, ehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/smithsonian-miscellaneous-collections-ngular-nasalbh-dentigerous-plate-covering-the-op-opisthotic-basibranchials-ope-opercular-bo-basioccipital-or-orbitosphenoid-br-branchiostegal-rays-p-parietal-bs-basiphenoid-ph-pharyngobranchial-cb-ceratobranchial-pl-palatine-ch-ceratohyal-pih-premaxilla-cor-circumorbital-bones-pof-postfrontal-ct-cartilage-pop-preopercular-d-dentarv-prf-prefrontal-eb-epibranchial-pro-pro-otic-ecar-ectosteal-articular-ps-parasphenoid-ccp-ectopterygoid-pt-post-temporal-eo-exoccipital-ptf-posterior-temporal-fossa-ep-e-image338513931.html . Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Fig. 263.—Archelon ischyros. Skull. Xj. ang, angular; an, articular; den, dentary; fr, frontal; ju, jugal; mx, maxilla; nar, nares; prf, prefrontal; pal, palatine; pmx, premaxilla; pa, parietal; pof, postfrontal; qu, quadrate; quj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; 5/, stapedial rod; sur, supraangular; vom, vomer. length of the head. This results from the great development of the preorbital region. The horizontal diameter of the orbit is 150 mm. Both the maxillae and the premaxillae are greatly prolonged. The distance from the tip of the beak to th . Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Fig. 263.—Archelon ischyros. Skull. Xj. ang, angular; an, articular; den, dentary; fr, frontal; ju, jugal; mx, maxilla; nar, nares; prf, prefrontal; pal, palatine; pmx, premaxilla; pa, parietal; pof, postfrontal; qu, quadrate; quj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; 5/, stapedial rod; sur, supraangular; vom, vomer. length of the head. This results from the great development of the preorbital region. The horizontal diameter of the orbit is 150 mm. Both the maxillae and the premaxillae are greatly prolonged. The distance from the tip of the beak to thhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/carnegie-institution-of-washington-publication-fig-263archelon-ischyros-skull-xj-ang-angular-an-articular-den-dentary-fr-frontal-ju-jugal-mx-maxilla-nar-nares-prf-prefrontal-pal-palatine-pmx-premaxilla-pa-parietal-pof-postfrontal-qu-quadrate-quj-quadratojugal-sq-squamosal-5-stapedial-rod-sur-supraangular-vom-vomer-length-of-the-head-this-results-from-the-great-development-of-the-preorbital-region-the-horizontal-diameter-of-the-orbit-is-150-mm-both-the-maxillae-and-the-premaxillae-are-greatly-prolonged-the-distance-from-the-tip-of-the-beak-to-th-image233485864.html . Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology. 216 E. N. ARNOLD nasal opening large frontals fused fronto-parietal suture bow-shaped and simple. median depression on snout dorsal process of maxilla embraced by frontal no quadratojugal process postorbital and postfrontal fused Fig. 3 Skull of advanced lacertid (Pedioplanis lineoocellata), with thin osteodermal layer (crusta calcarea), showing common derived conditions. The cranial osteoderms terminate more anteriorly than in primitive forms. contradicted by other sources which will be provisionally accepted, although conflict here . Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology. 216 E. N. ARNOLD nasal opening large frontals fused fronto-parietal suture bow-shaped and simple. median depression on snout dorsal process of maxilla embraced by frontal no quadratojugal process postorbital and postfrontal fused Fig. 3 Skull of advanced lacertid (Pedioplanis lineoocellata), with thin osteodermal layer (crusta calcarea), showing common derived conditions. The cranial osteoderms terminate more anteriorly than in primitive forms. contradicted by other sources which will be provisionally accepted, although conflict here https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/bulletin-of-the-british-museum-natural-history-zoology-216-e-n-arnold-nasal-opening-large-frontals-fused-fronto-parietal-suture-bow-shaped-and-simple-median-depression-on-snout-dorsal-process-of-maxilla-embraced-by-frontal-no-quadratojugal-process-postorbital-and-postfrontal-fused-fig-3-skull-of-advanced-lacertid-pedioplanis-lineoocellata-with-thin-osteodermal-layer-crusta-calcarea-showing-common-derived-conditions-the-cranial-osteoderms-terminate-more-anteriorly-than-in-primitive-forms-contradicted-by-other-sources-which-will-be-provisionally-accepted-although-conflict-here-image233912492.html . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. DO Hogl Fig. 5. Diagrammatic dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the head scala- tion to illustrate nomenclature. 1. Kostral, 2. First supralabial, 3. Second supralabial, 4. Third supralabial, 5. Nasal, 6. Prefrontal (frontal of some au- thors), 7. Frontal (postfrontal of some authors), 8. Parietal (occipital of some authors), 9. Ocular, 10. Postocular (no, or point contact with supralabials), 11. Temporal (broad contact with second and third supralabials), 12. Mental, 13. First infralabial, 14. Second infralabial, 1 . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. DO Hogl Fig. 5. Diagrammatic dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the head scala- tion to illustrate nomenclature. 1. Kostral, 2. First supralabial, 3. Second supralabial, 4. Third supralabial, 5. Nasal, 6. Prefrontal (frontal of some au- thors), 7. Frontal (postfrontal of some authors), 8. Parietal (occipital of some authors), 9. Ocular, 10. Postocular (no, or point contact with supralabials), 11. Temporal (broad contact with second and third supralabials), 12. Mental, 13. First infralabial, 14. Second infralabial, 1https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/bulletin-of-the-museum-of-comparative-zoology-at-harvard-college-zoology-do-hogl-fig-5-diagrammatic-dorsal-lateral-and-ventral-views-of-the-head-scala-tion-to-illustrate-nomenclature-1-kostral-2-first-supralabial-3-second-supralabial-4-third-supralabial-5-nasal-6-prefrontal-frontal-of-some-au-thors-7-frontal-postfrontal-of-some-authors-8-parietal-occipital-of-some-authors-9-ocular-10-postocular-no-or-point-contact-with-supralabials-11-temporal-broad-contact-with-second-and-third-supralabials-12-mental-13-first-infralabial-14-second-infralabial-1-image233903600.html . The annals and magazine of natural history : zoology, botany, and geology . :spa. Skiill of Aulopus filamentosm, from above and from the side. V, vomer; eth, mesethmoid; leth, lateral ethmoid (praefrontal); «, nasal;in, infranasal; sor, supraorbital; por, postorbital; /, frontal;p, parietal; soc, supraoccipital; eoc, exoccipital; boc, basioccipital;spo, sphenotic (postfrontal); ^rfo, pterotic ; epo, epiotic; opo, opis-tbotic ; pro, prootic ; i)sj), parasphenoid ; bsp, basisphenoid ; asp,alisphenoid; osp, orbitosphenoid ; t, temporal plate (lateral dermo-occipital). and of the uppermost posto . The annals and magazine of natural history : zoology, botany, and geology . :spa. Skiill of Aulopus filamentosm, from above and from the side. V, vomer; eth, mesethmoid; leth, lateral ethmoid (praefrontal); «, nasal;in, infranasal; sor, supraorbital; por, postorbital; /, frontal;p, parietal; soc, supraoccipital; eoc, exoccipital; boc, basioccipital;spo, sphenotic (postfrontal); ^rfo, pterotic ; epo, epiotic; opo, opis-tbotic ; pro, prootic ; i)sj), parasphenoid ; bsp, basisphenoid ; asp,alisphenoid; osp, orbitosphenoid ; t, temporal plate (lateral dermo-occipital). and of the uppermost postohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-annals-and-magazine-of-natural-history-zoology-botany-and-geology-spa-skiill-of-aulopus-filamentosm-from-above-and-from-the-side-v-vomer-eth-mesethmoid-leth-lateral-ethmoid-praefrontal-nasalin-infranasal-sor-supraorbital-por-postorbital-frontalp-parietal-soc-supraoccipital-eoc-exoccipital-boc-basioccipitalspo-sphenotic-postfrontal-rfo-pterotic-epo-epiotic-opo-opis-tbotic-pro-prootic-isj-parasphenoid-bsp-basisphenoid-aspalisphenoid-osp-orbitosphenoid-t-temporal-plate-lateral-dermo-occipital-and-of-the-uppermost-posto-image369853617.html . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. 398 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Description. Rostral moderate, triangular; nasal fused with first and second labials, preocular, ocular, prefrontal and frontal, forming a suture with its fellow behind the rostral; no prefrontals; no frontal; a pair of postfrontals, followed by a pair of temporals, then a pair of parietals; 2 pairs of occipitals; no supraocular; no preocular; no ocular, eye hidden; 1 (third) upper labial, in contact with postfrontal; 5 temporals, upper largest, forming a long suture with it . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. 398 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Description. Rostral moderate, triangular; nasal fused with first and second labials, preocular, ocular, prefrontal and frontal, forming a suture with its fellow behind the rostral; no prefrontals; no frontal; a pair of postfrontals, followed by a pair of temporals, then a pair of parietals; 2 pairs of occipitals; no supraocular; no preocular; no ocular, eye hidden; 1 (third) upper labial, in contact with postfrontal; 5 temporals, upper largest, forming a long suture with ithttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/bulletin-of-the-museum-of-comparative-zoology-at-harvard-college-zoology-398-bulletin-museum-of-comparative-zoology-description-rostral-moderate-triangular-nasal-fused-with-first-and-second-labials-preocular-ocular-prefrontal-and-frontal-forming-a-suture-with-its-fellow-behind-the-rostral-no-prefrontals-no-frontal-a-pair-of-postfrontals-followed-by-a-pair-of-temporals-then-a-pair-of-parietals-2-pairs-of-occipitals-no-supraocular-no-preocular-no-ocular-eye-hidden-1-third-upper-labial-in-contact-with-postfrontal-5-temporals-upper-largest-forming-a-long-suture-with-it-image233876618.html . Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural history) ... By Richard Lydekker ... Reptiles, Fossil; Amphibians, Fossil. Mastodonsaurus giganteus.—Frontal aspect of the cranium, with the sculpture omitted ; from the Lettenkohle (Lowest Keuper) of Wiirteruberg. About . iSOc, supraoccipital; Ep, epiotic; P,parietal; Sq, squamosal; S.T, supra- temporal ; Q.J, quadratojugal; Jit, jugal; Pt, postfrontal; Pt.O, postorbital; Fr, frontal; Pr.F, prefrontal; L, lachrymal; Na, nasal; Mx, maxilla; the premaxilla has no letter. {After Fraas.) Kar. 32.. Mastodonsaurus gigan . Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural history) ... By Richard Lydekker ... Reptiles, Fossil; Amphibians, Fossil. Mastodonsaurus giganteus.—Frontal aspect of the cranium, with the sculpture omitted ; from the Lettenkohle (Lowest Keuper) of Wiirteruberg. About . iSOc, supraoccipital; Ep, epiotic; P,parietal; Sq, squamosal; S.T, supra- temporal ; Q.J, quadratojugal; Jit, jugal; Pt, postfrontal; Pt.O, postorbital; Fr, frontal; Pr.F, prefrontal; L, lachrymal; Na, nasal; Mx, maxilla; the premaxilla has no letter. {After Fraas.) Kar. 32.. Mastodonsaurus giganhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/catalogue-of-the-fossil-reptilia-and-amphibia-in-the-british-museum-natural-history-by-richard-lydekker-reptiles-fossil-amphibians-fossil-mastodonsaurus-giganteusfrontal-aspect-of-the-cranium-with-the-sculpture-omitted-from-the-lettenkohle-lowest-keuper-of-wiirteruberg-about-isoc-supraoccipital-ep-epiotic-pparietal-sq-squamosal-st-supra-temporal-qj-quadratojugal-jit-jugal-pt-postfrontal-pto-postorbital-fr-frontal-prf-prefrontal-l-lachrymal-na-nasal-mx-maxilla-the-premaxilla-has-no-letter-after-fraas-kar-32-mastodonsaurus-gigan-image233176642.html . Biology of the vertebrates : a comparative study of man and his animal allies. Vertebrates; Vertebrates -- Anatomy; Anatomy, Comparative. 574 Biology of the Vertebrates double row of bones composed of four pairs, namely: interparietals, parie- tals, frontals, and nasals (Fig. 497). The orbits are usually lateral to the frontals. In front of each orbit may be a more medial prefrontal and a more lateral lacrimal, behind it a more medial postfrontal and a more lateral postorbital. Frontal Nasal-,^ "^/te----^g5^.'v Parietal ^""V"-— Postfrontal JC^ Postorbital *WW$K? ^Su . Biology of the vertebrates : a comparative study of man and his animal allies. Vertebrates; Vertebrates -- Anatomy; Anatomy, Comparative. 574 Biology of the Vertebrates double row of bones composed of four pairs, namely: interparietals, parie- tals, frontals, and nasals (Fig. 497). The orbits are usually lateral to the frontals. In front of each orbit may be a more medial prefrontal and a more lateral lacrimal, behind it a more medial postfrontal and a more lateral postorbital. Frontal Nasal-,^ "^/te----^g5^.'v Parietal ^""V"-— Postfrontal JC^ Postorbital *WW$K? ^Suhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/biology-of-the-vertebrates-a-comparative-study-of-man-and-his-animal-allies-vertebrates-vertebrates-anatomy-anatomy-comparative-574-biology-of-the-vertebrates-double-row-of-bones-composed-of-four-pairs-namely-interparietals-parie-tals-frontals-and-nasals-fig-497-the-orbits-are-usually-lateral-to-the-frontals-in-front-of-each-orbit-may-be-a-more-medial-prefrontal-and-a-more-lateral-lacrimal-behind-it-a-more-medial-postfrontal-and-a-more-lateral-postorbital-frontal-nasal-quotte-g5v-parietal-quotquotvquot-postfrontal-jc-postorbital-wwk-su-image234595547.html . Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. Fig. 133. Edmeces septenteionalis Baied. Kansas. Cat. No. 4722, U.S.N.M. mens the frontal, the postfrontal, and internasals are all rhomboidal, the latter rather smaller and transversely; the rest about equal, their longer axis longitudinal. In the smallest specimen of Cat. No. 3156 the hind legs reach forward half way to the center of insertion of fore leg, the third application falling a little short of the nose. In the other two, however . Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. Fig. 133. Edmeces septenteionalis Baied. Kansas. Cat. No. 4722, U.S.N.M. mens the frontal, the postfrontal, and internasals are all rhomboidal, the latter rather smaller and transversely; the rest about equal, their longer axis longitudinal. In the smallest specimen of Cat. No. 3156 the hind legs reach forward half way to the center of insertion of fore leg, the third application falling a little short of the nose. In the other two, howeverhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/annual-report-of-the-board-of-regents-of-the-smithsonian-institution-smithsonian-institution-smithsonian-institution-archives-discoveries-in-science-fig-133-edmeces-septenteionalis-baied-kansas-cat-no-4722-usnm-mens-the-frontal-the-postfrontal-and-internasals-are-all-rhomboidal-the-latter-rather-smaller-and-transversely-the-rest-about-equal-their-longer-axis-longitudinal-in-the-smallest-specimen-of-cat-no-3156-the-hind-legs-reach-forward-half-way-to-the-center-of-insertion-of-fore-leg-the-third-application-falling-a-little-short-of-the-nose-in-the-other-two-however-image236103080.html . Zoology for high schools and colleges. Zoology. Fig. 448.—Skull of Ichthyosaurus ; lateral view. Prnx, premaxlllary bone ; Mx, maxillary ; N, nasal; Fr, frontal; Prf, prefrontal; Pof, postfrontal; Pa, parietal i, lachrymal; M, malar ; Qj, quadratojugal ; Q, quadrate ; Pob, postorbital; Sg, squamosal; D, dentary; Ang, angular ; AH, articular ; 8. Ar, subarticular ; Pter pterygoid.—After Cope. the head was very large, the neck very short, and the orbits were enormous ; the vertebrse were remarkably short and bi- ^ concave. They were carniv- orous, and powerful swim- mers, and common in tho Ju- . Zoology for high schools and colleges. Zoology. Fig. 448.—Skull of Ichthyosaurus ; lateral view. Prnx, premaxlllary bone ; Mx, maxillary ; N, nasal; Fr, frontal; Prf, prefrontal; Pof, postfrontal; Pa, parietal i, lachrymal; M, malar ; Qj, quadratojugal ; Q, quadrate ; Pob, postorbital; Sg, squamosal; D, dentary; Ang, angular ; AH, articular ; 8. Ar, subarticular ; Pter pterygoid.—After Cope. the head was very large, the neck very short, and the orbits were enormous ; the vertebrse were remarkably short and bi- ^ concave. They were carniv- orous, and powerful swim- mers, and common in tho Ju-https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/zoology-for-high-schools-and-colleges-zoology-fig-448skull-of-ichthyosaurus-lateral-view-prnx-premaxlllary-bone-mx-maxillary-n-nasal-fr-frontal-prf-prefrontal-pof-postfrontal-pa-parietal-i-lachrymal-m-malar-qj-quadratojugal-q-quadrate-pob-postorbital-sg-squamosal-d-dentary-ang-angular-ah-articular-8-ar-subarticular-pter-pterygoidafter-cope-the-head-was-very-large-the-neck-very-short-and-the-orbits-were-enormous-the-vertebrse-were-remarkably-short-and-bi-concave-they-were-carniv-orous-and-powerful-swim-mers-and-common-in-tho-ju-image232351741.html . The Ceratopsia. Ceratopsia. 20 THE CERATOPSIA. The squamosals vary greatly in form in the different genera and species. In Triceratops- Jlabellatus the form of the squamosal is intermediate between that seen in Ceratops montanus. Fig. 12.—Superior view of frill of Torosaurus gladius (type), No. 1831, Yale Museum, p, Parietal; sq, squamosal; pf, parietal fontanelle sf supratemporal fossa; pfs, surface for contact with postfrontal; x, foramen analogous to the postfrontal foramen in Triceratops. One-sixteenth natural size. and Torosaurus latus or T. gladius, as shown in the accompanying figures . The Ceratopsia. Ceratopsia. 20 THE CERATOPSIA. The squamosals vary greatly in form in the different genera and species. In Triceratops- Jlabellatus the form of the squamosal is intermediate between that seen in Ceratops montanus. Fig. 12.—Superior view of frill of Torosaurus gladius (type), No. 1831, Yale Museum, p, Parietal; sq, squamosal; pf, parietal fontanelle sf supratemporal fossa; pfs, surface for contact with postfrontal; x, foramen analogous to the postfrontal foramen in Triceratops. One-sixteenth natural size. and Torosaurus latus or T. gladius, as shown in the accompanying figureshttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-ceratopsia-ceratopsia-20-the-ceratopsia-the-squamosals-vary-greatly-in-form-in-the-different-genera-and-species-in-triceratops-jlabellatus-the-form-of-the-squamosal-is-intermediate-between-that-seen-in-ceratops-montanus-fig-12superior-view-of-frill-of-torosaurus-gladius-type-no-1831-yale-museum-p-parietal-sq-squamosal-pf-parietal-fontanelle-sf-supratemporal-fossa-pfs-surface-for-contact-with-postfrontal-x-foramen-analogous-to-the-postfrontal-foramen-in-triceratops-one-sixteenth-natural-size-and-torosaurus-latus-or-t-gladius-as-shown-in-the-accompanying-figures-image235113975.html . Bulletin. Natural history; Natuurlijke historie. 0 '^' • FIG. 7. Right lachrymal (reversed) of Deinonychus antirrhopus, YPM 5232, in medial (A) and lateral (B) views. Abbreviations: ju—^jugal process; na—contact of the nasal; po-pf—postorbital- postfrontal process. maxilla described above (YPM 5232), but unfortunately no contact between the two is preserved. This bone is T-shaped, with the cross-bar considerably more ro- bust than the vertical shaft. In fact, the vertical shaft is remarkable because of its slender nature, in marked contrast to the robust preorbital bar of Allosaurus, Ceratos . Bulletin. Natural history; Natuurlijke historie. 0 '^' • FIG. 7. Right lachrymal (reversed) of Deinonychus antirrhopus, YPM 5232, in medial (A) and lateral (B) views. Abbreviations: ju—^jugal process; na—contact of the nasal; po-pf—postorbital- postfrontal process. maxilla described above (YPM 5232), but unfortunately no contact between the two is preserved. This bone is T-shaped, with the cross-bar considerably more ro- bust than the vertical shaft. In fact, the vertical shaft is remarkable because of its slender nature, in marked contrast to the robust preorbital bar of Allosaurus, Ceratoshttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/bulletin-natural-history-natuurlijke-historie-0-fig-7-right-lachrymal-reversed-of-deinonychus-antirrhopus-ypm-5232-in-medial-a-and-lateral-b-views-abbreviations-jujugal-process-nacontact-of-the-nasal-po-pfpostorbital-postfrontal-process-maxilla-described-above-ypm-5232-but-unfortunately-no-contact-between-the-two-is-preserved-this-bone-is-t-shaped-with-the-cross-bar-considerably-more-ro-bust-than-the-vertical-shaft-in-fact-the-vertical-shaft-is-remarkable-because-of-its-slender-nature-in-marked-contrast-to-the-robust-preorbital-bar-of-allosaurus-ceratos-image234211570.html . Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural history) ... By Richard Lydekker ... Reptiles, Fossil; Amphibians, Fossil. Mastodonsaurus giganteus.—Frontal aspect of the cranium, with the sculpture omitted ; from the Lettenkohle (Lowest Keuper) of Wiirteruberg. About . iSOc, supraoccipital; Ep, epiotic; P,parietal; Sq, squamosal; S.T, supra- temporal ; Q.J, quadratojugal; Jit, jugal; Pt, postfrontal; Pt.O, postorbital; Fr, frontal; Pr.F, prefrontal; L, lachrymal; Na, nasal; Mx, maxilla; the premaxilla has no letter. {After Fraas.) Kar. 32.. Mastodonsaurus gigan . Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural history) ... By Richard Lydekker ... Reptiles, Fossil; Amphibians, Fossil. Mastodonsaurus giganteus.—Frontal aspect of the cranium, with the sculpture omitted ; from the Lettenkohle (Lowest Keuper) of Wiirteruberg. About . iSOc, supraoccipital; Ep, epiotic; P,parietal; Sq, squamosal; S.T, supra- temporal ; Q.J, quadratojugal; Jit, jugal; Pt, postfrontal; Pt.O, postorbital; Fr, frontal; Pr.F, prefrontal; L, lachrymal; Na, nasal; Mx, maxilla; the premaxilla has no letter. {After Fraas.) Kar. 32.. Mastodonsaurus giganhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/catalogue-of-the-fossil-reptilia-and-amphibia-in-the-british-museum-natural-history-by-richard-lydekker-reptiles-fossil-amphibians-fossil-mastodonsaurus-giganteusfrontal-aspect-of-the-cranium-with-the-sculpture-omitted-from-the-lettenkohle-lowest-keuper-of-wiirteruberg-about-isoc-supraoccipital-ep-epiotic-pparietal-sq-squamosal-st-supra-temporal-qj-quadratojugal-jit-jugal-pt-postfrontal-pto-postorbital-fr-frontal-prf-prefrontal-l-lachrymal-na-nasal-mx-maxilla-the-premaxilla-has-no-letter-after-fraas-kar-32-mastodonsaurus-gigan-image233004912.html . Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural history) ... By Richard Lydekker ... Reptiles, Fossil; Amphibians, Fossil. 168 LABYKINTHODONTIA. rently a vomer) exhibiting denticules and two tusks. Original from Nyfan; figured by Fritsch, op. cit. pi. lxii. figs. 3, 4. Purchased, 1888. Fig. 40.. Nyrania trachystoma.—Frontal aspect of the cranium ; from the Gaskohle of Bohemia. ^. im, premaxilla; m, maxilla ; JV, nasal; L, lachrymal; /, frontal; Pf, prefrontal; Ptf, postfrontal; Pto, postorbital; Pa, parietal; OS, supraoccipital; sq, squamosal; Squ, supratemporal; . Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural history) ... By Richard Lydekker ... Reptiles, Fossil; Amphibians, Fossil. 168 LABYKINTHODONTIA. rently a vomer) exhibiting denticules and two tusks. Original from Nyfan; figured by Fritsch, op. cit. pi. lxii. figs. 3, 4. Purchased, 1888. Fig. 40.. Nyrania trachystoma.—Frontal aspect of the cranium ; from the Gaskohle of Bohemia. ^. im, premaxilla; m, maxilla ; JV, nasal; L, lachrymal; /, frontal; Pf, prefrontal; Ptf, postfrontal; Pto, postorbital; Pa, parietal; OS, supraoccipital; sq, squamosal; Squ, supratemporal;https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/catalogue-of-the-fossil-reptilia-and-amphibia-in-the-british-museum-natural-history-by-richard-lydekker-reptiles-fossil-amphibians-fossil-168-labykinthodontia-rently-a-vomer-exhibiting-denticules-and-two-tusks-original-from-nyfan-figured-by-fritsch-op-cit-pi-lxii-figs-3-4-purchased-1888-fig-40-nyrania-trachystomafrontal-aspect-of-the-cranium-from-the-gaskohle-of-bohemia-im-premaxilla-m-maxilla-jv-nasal-l-lachrymal-frontal-pf-prefrontal-ptf-postfrontal-pto-postorbital-pa-parietal-os-supraoccipital-sq-squamosal-squ-supratemporal-image232996747.html A treatise on zoology . ygoid ; mt, nietaijterygoid; op,opercidar ; opo, exoccipital (probably including opisthotic); p, parietal; pa, parasphenoid ; pop,preopercular ; pm, prootic ; pt, ectoptrygoid ; jjto, postfrontal; q, quadrate ; .«, sjinplectic ;aa, supra-angular ; sop, subopercular ; sp, splenial; .«/, pterotic ; st, suprateinporal. lung-like with cellular walls (p. 224). The conus arteriosus is verylong, with very many rows of valves (Fig. 323). In the presence ofa closed ovisac, communicating only to the exterior by the oviducts,Lfpidostens shows a remarkable resemblance to the Teleos A treatise on zoology . ygoid ; mt, nietaijterygoid; op,opercidar ; opo, exoccipital (probably including opisthotic); p, parietal; pa, parasphenoid ; pop,preopercular ; pm, prootic ; pt, ectoptrygoid ; jjto, postfrontal; q, quadrate ; .«, sjinplectic ;aa, supra-angular ; sop, subopercular ; sp, splenial; .«/, pterotic ; st, suprateinporal. lung-like with cellular walls (p. 224). The conus arteriosus is verylong, with very many rows of valves (Fig. 323). In the presence ofa closed ovisac, communicating only to the exterior by the oviducts,Lfpidostens shows a remarkable resemblance to the Teleoshttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-treatise-on-zoology-ygoid-mt-nietaijterygoid-opopercidar-opo-exoccipital-probably-including-opisthotic-p-parietal-pa-parasphenoid-poppreopercular-pm-prootic-pt-ectoptrygoid-jjto-postfrontal-q-quadrate-sjinplectic-aa-supra-angular-sop-subopercular-sp-splenial-pterotic-st-suprateinporal-lung-like-with-cellular-walls-p-224-the-conus-arteriosus-is-verylong-with-very-many-rows-of-valves-fig-323-in-the-presence-ofa-closed-ovisac-communicating-only-to-the-exterior-by-the-oviductslfpidostens-shows-a-remarkable-resemblance-to-the-teleos-image338271457.html . Comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative; Vertebrates -- Anatomy. D FIG. 94.—Dorsal (A), posterior (B), ventral (C), and lateral (D) views of the skull of Ichthyosaurus longifrons, after Woodward, nar, naris; pas, parasphenoid; pmx, pre maxilla; ptf, postfrontal; pto, postorbital. Other letters as in fig. 68. mous orbits, bounded above by pre- and postfrontals, below by an elongate jugal, and containing a sclerotic ring. The nares are just in front of the orbits and the parietal foramen is at the junction of frontals and parietals. All four occipitalia bound the foramen magnu . Comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative; Vertebrates -- Anatomy. D FIG. 94.—Dorsal (A), posterior (B), ventral (C), and lateral (D) views of the skull of Ichthyosaurus longifrons, after Woodward, nar, naris; pas, parasphenoid; pmx, pre maxilla; ptf, postfrontal; pto, postorbital. Other letters as in fig. 68. mous orbits, bounded above by pre- and postfrontals, below by an elongate jugal, and containing a sclerotic ring. The nares are just in front of the orbits and the parietal foramen is at the junction of frontals and parietals. All four occipitalia bound the foramen magnuhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/comparative-anatomy-of-vertebrates-anatomy-comparative-vertebrates-anatomy-d-fig-94dorsal-a-posterior-b-ventral-c-and-lateral-d-views-of-the-skull-of-ichthyosaurus-longifrons-after-woodward-nar-naris-pas-parasphenoid-pmx-pre-maxilla-ptf-postfrontal-pto-postorbital-other-letters-as-in-fig-68-mous-orbits-bounded-above-by-pre-and-postfrontals-below-by-an-elongate-jugal-and-containing-a-sclerotic-ring-the-nares-are-just-in-front-of-the-orbits-and-the-parietal-foramen-is-at-the-junction-of-frontals-and-parietals-all-four-occipitalia-bound-the-foramen-magnu-image232680275.html . The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. Natural history; Zoology; Botany; Geology. ,-v* :spo. Skull of Auloptis filamentosus, from above and from the side. v, vomer; eth, mesetlimoid; leth, lateral ethmoid (prefrontal); n, nasal; in, infranasal; sor, supraorbital; por, postorbital; /, frontal; p, parietal; soc, supraoccipital; eoc, exoccipital; hoc, basioccipital; spo, sphenotic (postfrontal); pto} pterotic; epo, epiotic; opo, opis- thotic; pro, prootic ; psp, parasphenoid; bsp, basisphenoid ; asp, alisphenoid; osp, orbitosphenoid; t, temporal plate (lateral . The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. Natural history; Zoology; Botany; Geology. ,-v* :spo. Skull of Auloptis filamentosus, from above and from the side. v, vomer; eth, mesetlimoid; leth, lateral ethmoid (prefrontal); n, nasal; in, infranasal; sor, supraorbital; por, postorbital; /, frontal; p, parietal; soc, supraoccipital; eoc, exoccipital; hoc, basioccipital; spo, sphenotic (postfrontal); pto} pterotic; epo, epiotic; opo, opis- thotic; pro, prootic ; psp, parasphenoid; bsp, basisphenoid ; asp, alisphenoid; osp, orbitosphenoid; t, temporal plate (lateralhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-annals-and-magazine-of-natural-history-zoology-botany-and-geology-natural-history-zoology-botany-geology-v-spo-skull-of-auloptis-filamentosus-from-above-and-from-the-side-v-vomer-eth-mesetlimoid-leth-lateral-ethmoid-prefrontal-n-nasal-in-infranasal-sor-supraorbital-por-postorbital-frontal-p-parietal-soc-supraoccipital-eoc-exoccipital-hoc-basioccipital-spo-sphenotic-postfrontal-pto-pterotic-epo-epiotic-opo-opis-thotic-pro-prootic-psp-parasphenoid-bsp-basisphenoid-asp-alisphenoid-osp-orbitosphenoid-t-temporal-plate-lateral-image236515115.html . Bulletin of the Natural Histort Museum. Geology series. Fig. 5 Trucheosaurus major. Drawing of the skull incorporating only those parts preserved on MMF 12697 and BMNH R3728. No attempt has been made to correct probable flattening of the skull or to speculate on the original shape of the occiput. It is unlikely that the paroccipital process of the tabular and exoccipital protrudes posteriorly in the undistorted specimen. Scale bar represents 20 mm. f, frontal; j, jugal; mx, maxilla; n. nasal; p. parietal; pf. prefrontal; pmx, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pof. postfrontal; pp, postparietal; q . Bulletin of the Natural Histort Museum. Geology series. Fig. 5 Trucheosaurus major. Drawing of the skull incorporating only those parts preserved on MMF 12697 and BMNH R3728. No attempt has been made to correct probable flattening of the skull or to speculate on the original shape of the occiput. It is unlikely that the paroccipital process of the tabular and exoccipital protrudes posteriorly in the undistorted specimen. Scale bar represents 20 mm. f, frontal; j, jugal; mx, maxilla; n. nasal; p. parietal; pf. prefrontal; pmx, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pof. postfrontal; pp, postparietal; qhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/bulletin-of-the-natural-histort-museum-geology-series-fig-5-trucheosaurus-major-drawing-of-the-skull-incorporating-only-those-parts-preserved-on-mmf-12697-and-bmnh-r3728-no-attempt-has-been-made-to-correct-probable-flattening-of-the-skull-or-to-speculate-on-the-original-shape-of-the-occiput-it-is-unlikely-that-the-paroccipital-process-of-the-tabular-and-exoccipital-protrudes-posteriorly-in-the-undistorted-specimen-scale-bar-represents-20-mm-f-frontal-j-jugal-mx-maxilla-n-nasal-p-parietal-pf-prefrontal-pmx-premaxilla-po-postorbital-pof-postfrontal-pp-postparietal-q-image233872381.html . Water reptiles of the past and present . Fig. 93.—Skull of Mystriosuckus, a phytosaur: pm,premaxilla; m, maxilla; na, nasal; /, frontal; p, pre-frontal; /, lacrimal; pf, postfrontal; po, postorbital;pa, parietal; sq, squamosal; qj, quadratojugal;pi, palatine; i, transverse; in, internal nares; en,external nares; pt, pterygoid; bs, basisphenoid; eo,exoccipital. (After McGregor.) 190 WATER REPTILES OF THE PAST AND PRESENT probability they will be discovered there when the Triassic depositsof that continent have been better explored for fossils. In theRocky Mountains, especially, their remains . Water reptiles of the past and present . Fig. 93.—Skull of Mystriosuckus, a phytosaur: pm,premaxilla; m, maxilla; na, nasal; /, frontal; p, pre-frontal; /, lacrimal; pf, postfrontal; po, postorbital;pa, parietal; sq, squamosal; qj, quadratojugal;pi, palatine; i, transverse; in, internal nares; en,external nares; pt, pterygoid; bs, basisphenoid; eo,exoccipital. (After McGregor.) 190 WATER REPTILES OF THE PAST AND PRESENT probability they will be discovered there when the Triassic depositsof that continent have been better explored for fossils. In theRocky Mountains, especially, their remainshttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/water-reptiles-of-the-past-and-present-fig-93skull-of-mystriosuckus-a-phytosaur-pmpremaxilla-m-maxilla-na-nasal-frontal-p-pre-frontal-lacrimal-pf-postfrontal-po-postorbitalpa-parietal-sq-squamosal-qj-quadratojugalpi-palatine-i-transverse-in-internal-nares-enexternal-nares-pt-pterygoid-bs-basisphenoid-eoexoccipital-after-mcgregor-190-water-reptiles-of-the-past-and-present-probability-they-will-be-discovered-there-when-the-triassic-depositsof-that-continent-have-been-better-explored-for-fossils-in-therocky-mountains-especially-their-remains-image369662088.html . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology; Zoology. 40 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology. and postfrontal converge to a tendinous insertion on the coronoid bone of the lower jaw. There is also a tendinous fascia at the dorsal end of the quadrate, which extends forward on to the parietal. In large part the fibers have a fleshy insertion along the complementare. The innervation (Plate 3, fig. 6, cap. md.1 and cap. ma1.2) is from several motor rami which leave ramus mandibularis V just distal to the Gasserian ganglion. M. ptcrygoidcus (internal pterygoid). . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology; Zoology. 40 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology. and postfrontal converge to a tendinous insertion on the coronoid bone of the lower jaw. There is also a tendinous fascia at the dorsal end of the quadrate, which extends forward on to the parietal. In large part the fibers have a fleshy insertion along the complementare. The innervation (Plate 3, fig. 6, cap. md.1 and cap. ma1.2) is from several motor rami which leave ramus mandibularis V just distal to the Gasserian ganglion. M. ptcrygoidcus (internal pterygoid). https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/bulletin-of-the-museum-of-comparative-zoology-at-harvard-college-zoology-zoology-40-bulletin-museum-of-comparative-zoology-and-postfrontal-converge-to-a-tendinous-insertion-on-the-coronoid-bone-of-the-lower-jaw-there-is-also-a-tendinous-fascia-at-the-dorsal-end-of-the-quadrate-which-extends-forward-on-to-the-parietal-in-large-part-the-fibers-have-a-fleshy-insertion-along-the-complementare-the-innervation-plate-3-fig-6-cap-md1-and-cap-ma12-is-from-several-motor-rami-which-leave-ramus-mandibularis-v-just-distal-to-the-gasserian-ganglion-m-ptcrygoidcus-internal-pterygoid-image233919801.html . Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. CRANIAL MORPHOLOGY OF TRIASSIC DICYNODONT MYOSAURUS GRACILIS 39 relatively far back in the skull, and there is a prominent, diamond-shaped preparietal. Apart from the posterior portions of the frontals, the broad intertemporal region is composed of the parietals and postorbitals, a postfrontal being alto- gether absent (Fig. 1A). Each parietal is wide posteriorly, and bifurcates ante-. can, p roc peer, pal lat.pal.for. I m.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that ma . Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. CRANIAL MORPHOLOGY OF TRIASSIC DICYNODONT MYOSAURUS GRACILIS 39 relatively far back in the skull, and there is a prominent, diamond-shaped preparietal. Apart from the posterior portions of the frontals, the broad intertemporal region is composed of the parietals and postorbitals, a postfrontal being alto- gether absent (Fig. 1A). Each parietal is wide posteriorly, and bifurcates ante-. can, p roc peer, pal lat.pal.for. I m.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that mahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/annals-of-the-south-african-museum-=-annale-van-die-suid-afrikaanse-museum-natural-history-cranial-morphology-of-triassic-dicynodont-myosaurus-gracilis-39-relatively-far-back-in-the-skull-and-there-is-a-prominent-diamond-shaped-preparietal-apart-from-the-posterior-portions-of-the-frontals-the-broad-intertemporal-region-is-composed-of-the-parietals-and-postorbitals-a-postfrontal-being-alto-gether-absent-fig-1a-each-parietal-is-wide-posteriorly-and-bifurcates-ante-can-p-roc-peer-pal-latpalfor-i-m-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-ma-image236493955.html . Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History) ... Serpents. 170 COLITBEIDJE. Pig. 11.. âA Skull of Tropidonotiis matrix. Series A. AGLYPHA. Divided into three subfamilies:â 1. AcroehordincB.âThe postfrontal bone produced over the supra- orbital region. Scales not or but slightly imbricate. 2. ColuhrincB.âPostfrontal bone not produced over the supra- orbital region. Scales usually imbricate. Teeth on the entire length of the maxillary and dentary bones. ./ /'â 3. Mhachiodontince.âTeeth rudimentary; maxillary and dentary bones edentulous anteriorly, -r -i ( '' Beyond these th . Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History) ... Serpents. 170 COLITBEIDJE. Pig. 11.. âA Skull of Tropidonotiis matrix. Series A. AGLYPHA. Divided into three subfamilies:â 1. AcroehordincB.âThe postfrontal bone produced over the supra- orbital region. Scales not or but slightly imbricate. 2. ColuhrincB.âPostfrontal bone not produced over the supra- orbital region. Scales usually imbricate. Teeth on the entire length of the maxillary and dentary bones. ./ /'â 3. Mhachiodontince.âTeeth rudimentary; maxillary and dentary bones edentulous anteriorly, -r -i ( '' Beyond these thhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/catalogue-of-the-snakes-in-the-british-museum-natural-history-serpents-170-colitbeidje-pig-11-a-skull-of-tropidonotiis-matrix-series-a-aglypha-divided-into-three-subfamilies-1-acroehordincbthe-postfrontal-bone-produced-over-the-supra-orbital-region-scales-not-or-but-slightly-imbricate-2-coluhrincbpostfrontal-bone-not-produced-over-the-supra-orbital-region-scales-usually-imbricate-teeth-on-the-entire-length-of-the-maxillary-and-dentary-bones-3-mhachiodontinceteeth-rudimentary-maxillary-and-dentary-bones-edentulous-anteriorly-r-i-beyond-these-th-image232137470.html . The Cambridge natural history. Zoology. Fig. 333.—Upper (A) and posterior (B) views of skull and pectoral arch of Hyodon alosoides (the supratemporal removed oa the left side), bo, Basioccipital; cl, clavicle ; cor, coracoid ; eo, exoccipital; eot, epiotic ; eth, ethmoid ; /, frontal ; m, maxilla ; mcor, mesocoracoid ; it, nasal ; oo, opisthotic ; ^^, parietal ; pd, postclavicle ; pm, prae- raaxilla ; por, praeorbital ; pif, postfrontal ; ptr, pterygials ; pits, post-temporal; scl, supraclaviole ; so, supraoccipital ; sor, suborbital ; sq, squamosal ; ste, supra- temporal. Elongate, compress . The Cambridge natural history. Zoology. Fig. 333.—Upper (A) and posterior (B) views of skull and pectoral arch of Hyodon alosoides (the supratemporal removed oa the left side), bo, Basioccipital; cl, clavicle ; cor, coracoid ; eo, exoccipital; eot, epiotic ; eth, ethmoid ; /, frontal ; m, maxilla ; mcor, mesocoracoid ; it, nasal ; oo, opisthotic ; ^^, parietal ; pd, postclavicle ; pm, prae- raaxilla ; por, praeorbital ; pif, postfrontal ; ptr, pterygials ; pits, post-temporal; scl, supraclaviole ; so, supraoccipital ; sor, suborbital ; sq, squamosal ; ste, supra- temporal. Elongate, compresshttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-cambridge-natural-history-zoology-fig-333upper-a-and-posterior-b-views-of-skull-and-pectoral-arch-of-hyodon-alosoides-the-supratemporal-removed-oa-the-left-side-bo-basioccipital-cl-clavicle-cor-coracoid-eo-exoccipital-eot-epiotic-eth-ethmoid-frontal-m-maxilla-mcor-mesocoracoid-it-nasal-oo-opisthotic-parietal-pd-postclavicle-pm-prae-raaxilla-por-praeorbital-pif-postfrontal-ptr-pterygials-pits-post-temporal-scl-supraclaviole-so-supraoccipital-sor-suborbital-sq-squamosal-ste-supra-temporal-elongate-compress-image232154229.html . The chordates. Chordata. Sauropsida: Class fleptilia •I8.r>. Fig. 373. Side and posterior views of skull of young Sphenodon. Cartilage dotted, (a) Dentale; (ar) articular; (bo) basioccipital; (cr) coronoid; (eo) exoccipital; (ep) epipterygoid; (ex) extranasal; (/) frontal; (h) hyoid; (j) zygomatic (jugal); (mx) maxilla; (n) nasal; (oo) opisthotic; (p) parietal; (pf) prefrontal; (pm) pre- maxilla; (pot) postfrontal; {poo) postorbital; (q) quadrate; (qj) quadratojugal; (san) supra-angular; (so) supraoccipital; (sq) squamosal. (After Howes and Swinnerton. Courtesy, Kingsley: "Comparativ . The chordates. Chordata. Sauropsida: Class fleptilia •I8.r>. Fig. 373. Side and posterior views of skull of young Sphenodon. Cartilage dotted, (a) Dentale; (ar) articular; (bo) basioccipital; (cr) coronoid; (eo) exoccipital; (ep) epipterygoid; (ex) extranasal; (/) frontal; (h) hyoid; (j) zygomatic (jugal); (mx) maxilla; (n) nasal; (oo) opisthotic; (p) parietal; (pf) prefrontal; (pm) pre- maxilla; (pot) postfrontal; {poo) postorbital; (q) quadrate; (qj) quadratojugal; (san) supra-angular; (so) supraoccipital; (sq) squamosal. (After Howes and Swinnerton. Courtesy, Kingsley: "Comparativhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-chordates-chordata-sauropsida-class-fleptilia-i8rgt-fig-373-side-and-posterior-views-of-skull-of-young-sphenodon-cartilage-dotted-a-dentale-ar-articular-bo-basioccipital-cr-coronoid-eo-exoccipital-ep-epipterygoid-ex-extranasal-frontal-h-hyoid-j-zygomatic-jugal-mx-maxilla-n-nasal-oo-opisthotic-p-parietal-pf-prefrontal-pm-pre-maxilla-pot-postfrontal-poo-postorbital-q-quadrate-qj-quadratojugal-san-supra-angular-so-supraoccipital-sq-squamosal-after-howes-and-swinnerton-courtesy-kingsley-quotcomparativ-image234892673.html . Comparative anatomy. Anatomy, Comparative. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM X 221. Fig. 179.—Dorsal and ventral views of the skull of turtle, Trionyx. ho, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; eo, cs, exoccipital;/, frontal; j. zygomatic (jugal); m, mx, maxilla; «, prefrontal; opis, opisthotic; p, (behind orbit) postfrontal, (others) parietal; pal, palatine; pmx, premaxilla; pno, prootic; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; s, supraoccipital; v, vomer. (From Kingsley's "Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates.") SUPRAOCCIPITAH BASlOCCIPITAl; HYOMANDIBULARn SQUAMOSALS^ PAR I ETAL- PARASPHENOID^ 1ST VERTEBRA NEURA . Comparative anatomy. Anatomy, Comparative. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM X 221. Fig. 179.—Dorsal and ventral views of the skull of turtle, Trionyx. ho, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; eo, cs, exoccipital;/, frontal; j. zygomatic (jugal); m, mx, maxilla; «, prefrontal; opis, opisthotic; p, (behind orbit) postfrontal, (others) parietal; pal, palatine; pmx, premaxilla; pno, prootic; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; s, supraoccipital; v, vomer. (From Kingsley's "Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates.") SUPRAOCCIPITAH BASlOCCIPITAl; HYOMANDIBULARn SQUAMOSALS^ PAR I ETAL- PARASPHENOID^ 1ST VERTEBRA NEURAhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/comparative-anatomy-anatomy-comparative-the-skeletal-system-x-221-fig-179dorsal-and-ventral-views-of-the-skull-of-turtle-trionyx-ho-basioccipital-bs-basisphenoid-eo-cs-exoccipital-frontal-j-zygomatic-jugal-m-mx-maxilla-prefrontal-opis-opisthotic-p-behind-orbit-postfrontal-others-parietal-pal-palatine-pmx-premaxilla-pno-prootic-pt-pterygoid-q-quadrate-s-supraoccipital-v-vomer-from-kingsleys-quotcomparative-anatomy-of-vertebratesquot-supraoccipitah-basloccipital-hyomandibularn-squamosals-par-i-etal-parasphenoid-1st-vertebra-neura-image232678242.html . Chordate anatomy. Chordata; Anatomy, Comparative. Fig. 151.â Membrane bones of typical tetrapod; chondrocranium in dotted outline. interp, interparietal; pmx, premaxilla; pof, postfrontal; porb, postorbital; prf, prefrontal; qj, quadratojugal, zyg, zygomatic. (From Kingsley's "Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates."). /CHONDRCXRANIUM v 'OTIC CAPSULE âTjTâBRAIN MANDIBULAR CARTILAGE MECKEL' S CMAND.JCART PARASPHENOID BONE OTIC CAPSULE OID ...^^^â â KS^^^ ^'^ mn J ^. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readabilit . Chordate anatomy. Chordata; Anatomy, Comparative. Fig. 151.â Membrane bones of typical tetrapod; chondrocranium in dotted outline. interp, interparietal; pmx, premaxilla; pof, postfrontal; porb, postorbital; prf, prefrontal; qj, quadratojugal, zyg, zygomatic. (From Kingsley's "Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates."). /CHONDRCXRANIUM v 'OTIC CAPSULE âTjTâBRAIN MANDIBULAR CARTILAGE MECKEL' S CMAND.JCART PARASPHENOID BONE OTIC CAPSULE OID ...^^^â â KS^^^ ^'^ mn J ^. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readabilithttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/chordate-anatomy-chordata-anatomy-comparative-fig-151-membrane-bones-of-typical-tetrapod-chondrocranium-in-dotted-outline-interp-interparietal-pmx-premaxilla-pof-postfrontal-porb-postorbital-prf-prefrontal-qj-quadratojugal-zyg-zygomatic-from-kingsleys-quotcomparative-anatomy-of-vertebratesquot-chondrcxranium-v-otic-capsule-tjtbrain-mandibular-cartilage-meckel-s-cmandjcart-parasphenoid-bone-otic-capsule-oid-ks-mn-j-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readabilit-image234924636.html . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. Fig. 6. Baikia somalica (Type after Scortecci). in the rostral; no prefrontal; no frontal; two pairs of shields behind rostral, i.e. a pair of postfrontals and a pair of parietals; postfrontal below in contact with preocular and ocular; preocular large, elongate, resting on the first and second labials; ocular large, subtriangular, in. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not per . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. Fig. 6. Baikia somalica (Type after Scortecci). in the rostral; no prefrontal; no frontal; two pairs of shields behind rostral, i.e. a pair of postfrontals and a pair of parietals; postfrontal below in contact with preocular and ocular; preocular large, elongate, resting on the first and second labials; ocular large, subtriangular, in. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/bulletin-of-the-museum-of-comparative-zoology-at-harvard-college-zoology-fig-6-baikia-somalica-type-after-scortecci-in-the-rostral-no-prefrontal-no-frontal-two-pairs-of-shields-behind-rostral-ie-a-pair-of-postfrontals-and-a-pair-of-parietals-postfrontal-below-in-contact-with-preocular-and-ocular-preocular-large-elongate-resting-on-the-first-and-second-labials-ocular-large-subtriangular-in-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-per-image233904332.html Next page Recent searches: Search Results for Postfrontal Stock Photos and Images  (213) Page 1 of 3 123