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![A treatise on zoology . -two large lateral plates (dermal-lateral ethmoid of Bridge),outside which lie the postfrontal and the squamosal. The latterbone, Avith the lateral and the occipital, forms a roof over the 240 DIPNOI jaw muscles. Now this squamosal is generally likened to that ofthe Amphibia, to which it bears a remarkable resemblance. Since,-in Ceratodus sturii (Teller [433]), it harbours the postorbital sensorycanal, it is probably the homologue of the pterotic (squamosal) ofthe hyostylic fishes. As it spreads downwards OAer the quadrateit appears to be a prespiracular bone, and there Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2AJB8PE/a-treatise-on-zoology-two-large-lateral-plates-dermal-lateral-ethmoid-of-bridgeoutside-which-lie-the-postfrontal-and-the-squamosal-the-latterbone-avith-the-lateral-and-the-occipital-forms-a-roof-over-the-240-dipnoi-jaw-muscles-now-this-squamosal-is-generally-likened-to-that-ofthe-amphibia-to-which-it-bears-a-remarkable-resemblance-since-in-ceratodus-sturii-teller-433-it-harbours-the-postorbital-sensorycanal-it-is-probably-the-homologue-of-the-pterotic-squamosal-ofthe-hyostylic-fishes-as-it-spreads-downwards-oaer-the-quadrateit-appears-to-be-a-prespiracular-bone-and-there-2AJB8PE.jpg "A treatise on zoology . -two large lateral plates (dermal-lateral ethmoid of Bridge),outside which lie the postfrontal and the squamosal. The latterbone, Avith the lateral and the occipital, forms a roof over the 240 DIPNOI jaw muscles. Now this squamosal is generally likened to that ofthe Amphibia, to which it bears a remarkable resemblance. Since,-in Ceratodus sturii (Teller [433]), it harbours the postorbital sensorycanal, it is probably the homologue of the pterotic (squamosal) ofthe hyostylic fishes. As it spreads downwards OAer the quadrateit appears to be a prespiracular bone, and there Stock Photo")
RM2AJB8PE–A treatise on zoology . -two large lateral plates (dermal-lateral ethmoid of Bridge),outside which lie the postfrontal and the squamosal. The latterbone, Avith the lateral and the occipital, forms a roof over the 240 DIPNOI jaw muscles. Now this squamosal is generally likened to that ofthe Amphibia, to which it bears a remarkable resemblance. Since,-in Ceratodus sturii (Teller [433]), it harbours the postorbital sensorycanal, it is probably the homologue of the pterotic (squamosal) ofthe hyostylic fishes. As it spreads downwards OAer the quadrateit appears to be a prespiracular bone, and there
RMPG2JNY–. On the anatomy of vertebrates. Vertebrates; Anatomy, Comparative; 1866. MYOLOGY or FISHES. 207 dible aftei- they may have been divaricated. The latter movement depends upon the drawing upward and outward of the tympanic pedicle. This action is performed chiefly by the muscle, levator tyrnpani, figs. 134 and 137, 24, which arises from the postfrontal and expands to be inserted into the epi- and pre-tympanics and into the ectopterygoid. In raising or drawing outward the tym- panic pedicle and attached part of the pterygoid, this muscle tends to dilate the Ijranchial cavity and the back part of
RMT1HJHF–Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes: a monograph of the Canidae. With woodcuts, and 45 coloured plates drawn from nature by J.G. Keulemans and hand-coloured dogsjackalswolve00mivauoft Year: 1890 CANIS LAG OPUS. 115 Centimeters. Lentil from snout to root of tail 70*0 „ of tail 31-0 „ from lieel to end of longest digit IS'O „ of ear 4-3 Cranial and Dental Characters. The skull of the Arctic Fox is remarkable at the first glance from its swollen appearance at the root of the muzzle between and beneath the orbits. The postfrontal processes are more or less concave d
RM2AXDAPE–Annals of the South African MuseumAnnale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum . y and mandibular rami (Figs 10-12),the internal adductor lies medially to the maxillary but laterally to the ophthal-mic rami (Fig. 9), and the adductor posterior lies laterally to the mandibularramus and ventrally to the external adductor (Fig. 12). Musculus adductor mandibulae externus The external adductor musculature arises within the temporal indentationand its origin is bordered dorsally by a curved ridge on the parietal, extendingfrom the posterior tip of the postfrontal to the posterior extremity of the parietal(
RMPG2JNG–. On the anatomy of vertebrates. Vertebrates; Anatomy, Comparative; 1866. MYOLOGY OF FISHES. 213 The muscles of the jaws are very powerful, as might be expected ill these fierce and predatory fishes. One, analoti'oiis to the ' tem- poral,' fig. 13i III, arises from the lateral and posterior ridge of 139 the cranium, and its fibres converge as they pass obliquely down- ward and forward to their insertion into the mandible. They are covered in great part l^y the stronger muscle ib. /, analogous to the ' masseter,' which arises from the under part of the postfrontal ridge, passes over the maxillo
![A treatise on zoology . o lodge theanterior vertical semicircular canal of the ear, gradually encroachingon the upper and anterior region of the auditory capsule. In themore specialised fish (most Teleostei), the postfrontal abandons thesurface and sinks below, becoming a purely cartilage bone,except for the lateral-line element Avhich may remain above. InAmia the two portions are sometimes well developed and separate(Allis [12]). Similarly, the pterotic invades the posterior upperregion of the auditory capsule, and lodges the horizontal semi-circular canal. A bone known as the epiotic (extern Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2AJAX53/a-treatise-on-zoology-o-lodge-theanterior-vertical-semicircular-canal-of-the-ear-gradually-encroachingon-the-upper-and-anterior-region-of-the-auditory-capsule-in-themore-specialised-fish-most-teleostei-the-postfrontal-abandons-thesurface-and-sinks-below-becoming-a-purely-cartilage-boneexcept-for-the-lateral-line-element-avhich-may-remain-above-inamia-the-two-portions-are-sometimes-well-developed-and-separateallis-12-similarly-the-pterotic-invades-the-posterior-upperregion-of-the-auditory-capsule-and-lodges-the-horizontal-semi-circular-canal-a-bone-known-as-the-epiotic-extern-2AJAX53.jpg "A treatise on zoology . o lodge theanterior vertical semicircular canal of the ear, gradually encroachingon the upper and anterior region of the auditory capsule. In themore specialised fish (most Teleostei), the postfrontal abandons thesurface and sinks below, becoming a purely cartilage bone,except for the lateral-line element Avhich may remain above. InAmia the two portions are sometimes well developed and separate(Allis [12]). Similarly, the pterotic invades the posterior upperregion of the auditory capsule, and lodges the horizontal semi-circular canal. A bone known as the epiotic (extern Stock Photo")
RM2AJAX53–A treatise on zoology . o lodge theanterior vertical semicircular canal of the ear, gradually encroachingon the upper and anterior region of the auditory capsule. In themore specialised fish (most Teleostei), the postfrontal abandons thesurface and sinks below, becoming a purely cartilage bone,except for the lateral-line element Avhich may remain above. InAmia the two portions are sometimes well developed and separate(Allis [12]). Similarly, the pterotic invades the posterior upperregion of the auditory capsule, and lodges the horizontal semi-circular canal. A bone known as the epiotic (extern
RMPG1GBA–. Zoology : for students and general readers . Zoology. Fig. 448.—Skull of Tchihyosauru? ; lateral view. Pmx, premaxillary bone ; Mx, maxillary ; jV, nasal; Fr, frontal; Prf, prefrontal; Pof, postfrontal ; />«, parietal; X, lachrymal; M, malar ; Qj, quadratojugal ; Q, qua'drate ; Pob^ postorbital ; Sq, squamosal ; D, dentary; Ang, angular ; Art, articular ; S. Ar, subarticular ; Pier, pterygoid.—After Cope. the head was very large, the neck very short, and the orbits were enormous ; the vertebras were remarkably short and bi- ^ concave. They were carniv- orous, and powerful swim- mers, and
RM2AJMHY7–Smithsonian miscellaneous collections . ngular. , nasal.bh, dentigerous plate covering the op, opisthotic. basibranchials. ope, opercular. bo, basioccipital. or, orbitosphenoid. br, branchiostegal rays. p, parietal. bs, basiphenoid. ph, pharyngobranchial. cb, ceratobranchial. pl, palatine. ch, ceratohyal. pih premaxilla. cor, circumorbital bones. pof, postfrontal. ct, cartilage. pop, preopercular. d, dentarv. prf, prefrontal. eb, epibranchial. pro, pro-otic. ecar, ectosteal articular. ps, parasphenoid. ccp, ectopterygoid. pt, post-temporal. eo, exoccipital. ptf, posterior temporal fossa. ep, e
RMPFEDTP–. A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford clay. Based on the Leeds Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London ... Reptiles, Fossil. 152 MARINE REPTILES OF THE OXFORD CLAT. incomplete in this region. Behind the orbit the bone is widened by the presence of a prominence on its upper border, by means of which it unites with the postfrontal. Behind this it becomes round and narrows, terminating posteriorly in a point which overlaps the anterior end of the quadrato-jugal, thus enclosing the lateral temporal fossa below. The palatine region of the skull (PI. XII.
RM2AJ9GKD–A treatise on zoology . ygoid ; mt, nietaijterygoid; op,opercidar ; opo, exoccipital (probably including opisthotic); p, parietal; pa, parasphenoid ; pop,preopercular ; pm, prootic ; pt, ectoptrygoid ; jjto, postfrontal; q, quadrate ; .«, sjinplectic ;aa, supra-angular ; sop, subopercular ; sp, splenial; .«/, pterotic ; st, suprateinporal. lung-like with cellular walls (p. 224). The conus arteriosus is verylong, with very many rows of valves (Fig. 323). In the presence ofa closed ovisac, communicating only to the exterior by the oviducts,Lfpidostens shows a remarkable resemblance to the Teleos
RMPG1GB8–. Zoology : for students and general readers . Zoology. 513 ZOOLOGY. The Ichtliyosaurs were colossal reptiles from two to thirteen metres (six to fortj feet) in length, swimming m the ocean by four paddle-like limbs consisting of six rows of digital bones ;. Fig. 448.—Skull of Tchihyosauru? ; lateral view. Pmx, premaxillary bone ; Mx, maxillary ; jV, nasal; Fr, frontal; Prf, prefrontal; Pof, postfrontal ; />«, parietal; X, lachrymal; M, malar ; Qj, quadratojugal ; Q, qua'drate ; Pob^ postorbital ; Sq, squamosal ; D, dentary; Ang, angular ; Art, articular ; S. Ar, subarticular ; Pier, pteryg
RM2AJB90A–A treatise on zoology . aired frontals and parietals,meeting in the middle line, followed behind by a median occipital.The siipraorbital sensory canal is carried by a row of plates, theprefrontal, supraorbitals, and postfrontal. It is continued back-wards through two posterior bones, probably representing thesciuamosal (pterotic) and supratemporal. A chain of bones, enclos-ing the infraorbital canal, passes below the orbit from the post- SKULL 239 frontal behind to the prefrontal in front. The eye is surroundedby an inner ring of circumorbital Ijones. Two large ventral gularplates are present,
RMPFEE4N–. A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford clay. Based on the Leeds Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London ... Reptiles, Fossil. B. /^^/ n ar. nan. Semi-diagrammatic restoration of the skull and mandible of M iirasnosawiis : A, from above ; 13, from left side. (About ^ nat. size.) awj., angular; art., articular; hoc, basioccipital; cor., coronoid process of splenial; dent., deutarj-; /., frontals ; j'., jugal; m^., maxilla ; nar., external nares ; ori., orbit: par., parietals ; j;./., pineal foramen; pmx., premaxillEe; po.f., postfrontal; p.orh., postorb
RM2AJ9K8M–A treatise on zoology . Fig. 310. Left-side view of the head of Dcyiediifs. (After Traquair.) o, angular ; ti, dentary ; co, post-orbital ; tth, etlimoid ; /, frontal; (j, median gular ; iop, interopercular; mx, maxilla ; n. nostril ;w,a, nasal; op, opercular; p, parietal; //, postfrontal; pmx, premaxilla ; jiop, preopercular ;ps, supratemporal (?); -pi, post-temporal; pto, pterotic (squamosal); id, supraclavicle ; so,cheek-plates ; sop, subopercular ; st, supratemporal. In these characters, and in the formation of an interorbital septum, andespecially in the position of the nostrils at the en
RMPFEEAN–. A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford clay. Based on the Leeds Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London ... Reptiles, Fossil. OPHTHALMOSAUEUS. 25 Text-fig. 14.. ^^â f sut. Eight parietal of Ophthalmosaurus: A, from above ; B, from outer side; C, from below. (E. 2162, I nat. size.) ? col., depression which probably received the upper end of the cohimella cranii; /)â¢./., facet for frontal; p>-./., facet for postfrontal; soc.f., surface for supraoccipital; sq.f., facet for squamosal; sq.p., squamosal process; sut., suture between parietala; t.r., ten
RM2AJHAMJ–Venoms; venomous animals and antivenomous serum-therapeutics . nmnerous, andbelong exclusively to the subfamily Crotalin^<: ; there are no VlPEEIN^. I.—COLUBEID.E. (a) Elaps. (Fig. 65.) The characters of this genus are : Maxillary bones very short,extending beyond the palatines, and bearing a pair of large poison-. FiG. 65.—Skull of Elaps marcgravii. (After G. A. Boulenger, oj). cit.) fangs; pterygoid teeth few or absent ; mandibular teeth all ofequal length. Xo postfrontal bones ; prsefrontals meeting, ornarrowly separated on the median line. Head small, not distinct 102 VENOMS from neck ;
RMPG2NBX–. Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative. Pmx â Foi/ Ol COCD (fa. ^rt^ Fig. 72.âSkull of Snake {Tropidonotus natrix), dorsal view. Tig. 73.â ,, ,, ,, ,, ventral view. Cocc, occipital condyle ; Osp, .supraoccipital; 01, exoccipital; Foe, fenestra ovalis ; Pe, periotic ; P, parietal ; F, frontal ; i''^, postfrontal; Pf, prefrontal; Mh, ethmoid ; N, nasal; Pmx, premajcilla; M, maxilla; Bp, basioccipital ; Bs, basisphenoid ; Ch, posterior nostrils; Vo, vomer ; PI, palatine ; Pt, pterygoid; Ts, transverse bone; Qii, quadrate; Squ, squamosal; Art, articular ; Ag, an
RM2AG07WW–. Journal of morphology. JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY, VOL. 23, NO. 1 41 PLATE 2 EXPLANATION OF FIGURES 4 Outline of the cranial elements of Diplocaulus magnicornis Cope. E, epiotic;F, frontal; J, jngal; Mx, maxilla; N, nasal; P, parietal; Pf, postfrontal; Po, post-orbital; Pr, prefrontal; Px, premaxilla; Qj, quadratojugal; So, supraoccdpital;Sq, squamosal; St, supratemporal. 5 Mandible from the side to show arrangement of the operculo-mandibularcanal. 6 Outline of the openings and elements of the palate of the skull. .1./, internalnares; Co, condyle; Ep, epiotic; Es, auditory fossa or ear slit; Exo,
RM2AJ8M8B–A treatise on zoology . .or2, neural arch of secondvertebra ; op, opercular ; p.f.sp, pectoral-fin spine ; pi, lateral iDony plate ; pmx, preraaxilla ;ptf, postfrontal; pst, post-temporal; pts, pterotic; r, dorsal radial; s, first dorsal spine?; soc,supraoccipital plate ; sp 2 and 3, second and third spines ; v*, fourth vertebra fixed to anterior^?ertebrae. Australia. Chiidoglanis, GtluBlgr.—Africa. Sub-Family Silurinae.and Tertiary. Saccohranchxis.Pseudeutropiu!^, Bl. ; Asia, andCuv.—Africi. Eumeda, Cost. Sub-Family Bagrinae.Pliocene. Ariui^, C. and V.;Asia, America ; Miocene, NN. America. JJ
RM2AJA1X2–A treatise on zoology . rsal view. A clotted small first radial articulating l*- indicates the lateral line according to Collinge. -, ° «.ft, anterior nostril;/r, frontal; j, junction of post- Wlth the shoulder - girdle ; orbital, occipital, and trunk branches of lateral-line tliis sninp renreseiits n much system; op, opercular; pa, parietal; p.n, posterior lllis spme Itpiesenis a mucu nostril; poc, postoccipital; j.r/, prefrontal; ys<, post- enlarged pair of lepidotrichia temporal; ptf, postfrontal; pto, pterotic; r, rostral 1 • T , 1 • • . 1 1 plates ; so, supraorbital; soc, siiijraoccini
RM2AJARG4–A treatise on zoology . eural arch ; no, nasal; ii.xf, neural spine ; o, opisthotic ; olis, orbitosphenoid ;oca, foramen for spino-occipital nerve ; o.f, vacuity with optic foramen in front; o?/, olfactorycapsule ; op, opercular ; p, parietal; j)/, prefrontal; pni-r, preniaxilla ; po, prootic ; pob, post-orbital; pop, preopercular; pp, suprateniporal; pt, post - temporal; ptf, postfrontal; q,quadrate; s, pterotic ; s.a, supra-angular; sm, septomaxillary ; sop, subopercular; spm, supra-maxilla ; t.f, trigeminal foramen ; v.c, vertebral centrum. and the occipito - spinal ner es, replace cartila
RM2CDB8YK–. The annals and magazine of natural history : zoology, botany, and geology . they are onlyseparated by the pineal plate. The postfrontal is fused withthe suborbital. If Jaskel be correct in regarding Homosteus as intermediate * It is noteworthy that Coccosteus resembles Polypterus iu the positionof the nostrils also. t In both cases this bone has been interpreted by some authorities asother than opercular, so that it would be perhaps better to say there is inboth a similarly placed bone which may be regarded as an operculum. % See Smith Woodward, Vertebrate Palaeontology p 12 (1898) andCat. F
![. On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . these are impressedby secondary fissures, whichI have called c frontal, e or-bital, and ( falcial, accord-ingly. The frontal fissuresmainly affect a longitudinaldirection, but run behind intoa transverse one. This is the6 frontal, or (postfrontal, fig. 119, u; it is more or lessextensive and parallel withthe coronal fissure, ib. 12. Themost constant of the longitu-dinal fissures pretty equally bisects the frontal surface; it is the ( midfrontal fissure, fig,14; the fissure above or internal to it is the ( superfrontal,that beneath or exte Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2CP8HPA/on-the-anatomy-of-vertebrates-electronic-resource-these-are-impressedby-secondary-fissures-whichi-have-called-c-frontal-e-or-bital-and-falcial-accord-ingly-the-frontal-fissuresmainly-affect-a-longitudinaldirection-but-run-behind-intoa-transverse-one-this-is-the6-frontal-or-postfrontal-fig-119-u-it-is-more-or-lessextensive-and-parallel-withthe-coronal-fissure-ib-12-themost-constant-of-the-longitu-dinal-fissures-pretty-equally-bisects-the-frontal-surface-it-is-the-midfrontal-fissure-fig14-the-fissure-above-or-internal-to-it-is-the-superfrontalthat-beneath-or-exte-2CP8HPA.jpg ". On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . these are impressedby secondary fissures, whichI have called c frontal, e or-bital, and ( falcial, accord-ingly. The frontal fissuresmainly affect a longitudinaldirection, but run behind intoa transverse one. This is the6 frontal, or (postfrontal, fig. 119, u; it is more or lessextensive and parallel withthe coronal fissure, ib. 12. Themost constant of the longitu-dinal fissures pretty equally bisects the frontal surface; it is the ( midfrontal fissure, fig,14; the fissure above or internal to it is the ( superfrontal,that beneath or exte Stock Photo")
RM2CP8HPA–. On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . these are impressedby secondary fissures, whichI have called c frontal, e or-bital, and ( falcial, accord-ingly. The frontal fissuresmainly affect a longitudinaldirection, but run behind intoa transverse one. This is the6 frontal, or (postfrontal, fig. 119, u; it is more or lessextensive and parallel withthe coronal fissure, ib. 12. Themost constant of the longitu-dinal fissures pretty equally bisects the frontal surface; it is the ( midfrontal fissure, fig,14; the fissure above or internal to it is the ( superfrontal,that beneath or exte
RM2CEHAYT–. Revision of the Amphibia and Pisces of the Permian of North America. exclude the frontal from anypart in the orbit. The frontals are relatively small, the two bones coming to a point ante-riorly and inclosed by the nasals. The posterior ends include the anteriorends of the parietals. MORPHOLOGICAL REVISION 93 The postfrontals are not well known; the sutures of the posterior endshave not been made out. The postorbital is a small triangular element between the postfrontal,jugal, and prosquamosal. The JMgal is elongate, reaching from the maxillary and lachrymal infront, nearly or quite to the p
RM2CE62ER–. The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London . urus adelus, Seeley. Humerus, scapula, vertebrae, and armour of Hoplosaurus ischyrus (Seeley). Crocodilia. Vertebral column, femur, fibula, ulna, radius, &c. of Crocodilus proavus.Chelonia. Costal plates, postfrontal bones, and scapula of Pleuropeltus Suessii, Seeley.Costal plates and plastron of Emys Neumayri, Seeley. Lacertilia. Vertebra of ArcBOsaurus gracilis, Seeley.Ornithosauria. Omithocheirus Bunzeli, Seeley. Introduction. Historical Review. The Gosau formation, nearly corresponding in age to the Upper Green-sand of this coun
RM2CEGD3W–. The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. ng parts of the skull of a Mosasaur, he would doubtlesshave added convincing grounds against Faujass view of the croco-dilian affinities of that genus, and in support of his own lacertianconclusion. In the type Lacertilia (Monitor, Iguana, Amblyrhynchus, &c.)the temporal fossae, t, are widely open. Each is bounded mesially bythe parietal, fig. 7, 7, laterally by the postfrontal, 12, and squa-mosal, 27, posteriorly by the mastoid, 8. The parietal bifurcatesposteriorly, and develops a ridge from the hind part of the oblite-rated sagitt
![. On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . ch close the mouth, one, like the muscle I,fig. 132, of the Shark, bears analogy to the masseter; in theabsence of a zygoma, it arises from the postfrontal and contiguouspart of the ectopterygoid, fig. 145, e, passes backward, windinground the tympano-mandibular joint, and is inserted into thesurangular and angular, as far forward as the dentary. Invenomous snakes its fascial origin spreads over the poison-bag,ib. a. The temporalis,ib. z, arises from theside and spine of theparietal, and descendsalmost vertically, partlycovered by the mas Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2CNF2W5/on-the-anatomy-of-vertebrates-electronic-resource-ch-close-the-mouth-one-like-the-muscle-ifig-132-of-the-shark-bears-analogy-to-the-masseter-in-theabsence-of-a-zygoma-it-arises-from-the-postfrontal-and-contiguouspart-of-the-ectopterygoid-fig-145-e-passes-backward-windinground-the-tympano-mandibular-joint-and-is-inserted-into-thesurangular-and-angular-as-far-forward-as-the-dentary-invenomous-snakes-its-fascial-origin-spreads-over-the-poison-bagib-a-the-temporalisib-z-arises-from-theside-and-spine-of-theparietal-and-descendsalmost-vertically-partlycovered-by-the-mas-2CNF2W5.jpg ". On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . ch close the mouth, one, like the muscle I,fig. 132, of the Shark, bears analogy to the masseter; in theabsence of a zygoma, it arises from the postfrontal and contiguouspart of the ectopterygoid, fig. 145, e, passes backward, windinground the tympano-mandibular joint, and is inserted into thesurangular and angular, as far forward as the dentary. Invenomous snakes its fascial origin spreads over the poison-bag,ib. a. The temporalis,ib. z, arises from theside and spine of theparietal, and descendsalmost vertically, partlycovered by the mas Stock Photo")
RM2CNF2W5–. On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . ch close the mouth, one, like the muscle I,fig. 132, of the Shark, bears analogy to the masseter; in theabsence of a zygoma, it arises from the postfrontal and contiguouspart of the ectopterygoid, fig. 145, e, passes backward, windinground the tympano-mandibular joint, and is inserted into thesurangular and angular, as far forward as the dentary. Invenomous snakes its fascial origin spreads over the poison-bag,ib. a. The temporalis,ib. z, arises from theside and spine of theparietal, and descendsalmost vertically, partlycovered by the mas
RM2CDM7RT–. The annals and magazine of natural history : zoology, botany, and geology . Skiill of Aulopus filamentosm, from above and from the side. V, vomer; eth, mesethmoid; leth, lateral ethmoid (praefrontal); «, nasal;in, infranasal; sor, supraorbital; por, postorbital; /, frontal;p, parietal; soc, supraoccipital; eoc, exoccipital; boc, basioccipital;spo, sphenotic (postfrontal); ^rfo, pterotic ; epo, epiotic; opo, opis-tbotic ; pro, prootic ; i)sj), parasphenoid ; bsp, basisphenoid ; asp,alisphenoid; osp, orbitosphenoid ; t, temporal plate (lateral dermo-occipital). and of the uppermost postorbital
![. On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . medilateral (/ and m, as in Quadrumana, are less distinct fromeach other, as well as shorter and more oblique, than in Carni-vora), n, frontal (or postfrontal) n, superfrontal, n, midfrontal, n,nssubfrontal, n*, ectofrontal,^, lambdoidal, q, superoccipital, qs mid-occipital. Homologous fissures and folds in the brains of the Infant.113. Chimpanzee. Homo. Adult. infant, fig. 113, and chimpanzee, fig. 114, are indicated by similarfigures and letters. In the upper view of the human hemisphere, fig. 116, the fol-lowing fissures arc marked:—5, Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2CP8JTR/on-the-anatomy-of-vertebrates-electronic-resource-medilateral-and-m-as-in-quadrumana-are-less-distinct-fromeach-other-as-well-as-shorter-and-more-oblique-than-in-carni-vora-n-frontal-or-postfrontal-n-superfrontal-n-midfrontal-nnssubfrontal-n-ectofrontal-lambdoidal-q-superoccipital-qs-mid-occipital-homologous-fissures-and-folds-in-the-brains-of-the-infant113-chimpanzee-homo-adult-infant-fig-113-and-chimpanzee-fig-114-are-indicated-by-similarfigures-and-letters-in-the-upper-view-of-the-human-hemisphere-fig-116-the-fol-lowing-fissures-arc-marked5-2CP8JTR.jpg ". On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . medilateral (/ and m, as in Quadrumana, are less distinct fromeach other, as well as shorter and more oblique, than in Carni-vora), n, frontal (or postfrontal) n, superfrontal, n, midfrontal, n,nssubfrontal, n*, ectofrontal,^, lambdoidal, q, superoccipital, qs mid-occipital. Homologous fissures and folds in the brains of the Infant.113. Chimpanzee. Homo. Adult. infant, fig. 113, and chimpanzee, fig. 114, are indicated by similarfigures and letters. In the upper view of the human hemisphere, fig. 116, the fol-lowing fissures arc marked:—5, Stock Photo")
RM2CP8JTR–. On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . medilateral (/ and m, as in Quadrumana, are less distinct fromeach other, as well as shorter and more oblique, than in Carni-vora), n, frontal (or postfrontal) n, superfrontal, n, midfrontal, n,nssubfrontal, n*, ectofrontal,^, lambdoidal, q, superoccipital, qs mid-occipital. Homologous fissures and folds in the brains of the Infant.113. Chimpanzee. Homo. Adult. infant, fig. 113, and chimpanzee, fig. 114, are indicated by similarfigures and letters. In the upper view of the human hemisphere, fig. 116, the fol-lowing fissures arc marked:—5,
RM2CDM81N–. The annals and magazine of natural history : zoology, botany, and geology . :spa. Skiill of Aulopus filamentosm, from above and from the side. V, vomer; eth, mesethmoid; leth, lateral ethmoid (praefrontal); «, nasal;in, infranasal; sor, supraorbital; por, postorbital; /, frontal;p, parietal; soc, supraoccipital; eoc, exoccipital; boc, basioccipital;spo, sphenotic (postfrontal); ^rfo, pterotic ; epo, epiotic; opo, opis-tbotic ; pro, prootic ; i)sj), parasphenoid ; bsp, basisphenoid ; asp,alisphenoid; osp, orbitosphenoid ; t, temporal plate (lateral dermo-occipital). and of the uppermost posto
RM2CDBFNC–. Water reptiles of the past and present . Fig. 93.—Skull of Mystriosuckus, a phytosaur: pm,premaxilla; m, maxilla; na, nasal; /, frontal; p, pre-frontal; /, lacrimal; pf, postfrontal; po, postorbital;pa, parietal; sq, squamosal; qj, quadratojugal;pi, palatine; i, transverse; in, internal nares; en,external nares; pt, pterygoid; bs, basisphenoid; eo,exoccipital. (After McGregor.) 190 WATER REPTILES OF THE PAST AND PRESENT probability they will be discovered there when the Triassic depositsof that continent have been better explored for fossils. In theRocky Mountains, especially, their remains
RM2CE5HK9–. Water reptiles of the past and present . Fig. 4 Fig. s Fig. 4.—Seymouria, a primitive cotylosaurian. Skull, from above: pm, pre-maxilla; n, nasal; /, lacrimal; p, prefrontal; /, frontal; pf, postfrontal; it, inter-temporal; st, supratemporal; sq, squamosal; ds, dermosupraoccipital; t, tabulare;j, jugal; po, postorbital; m, maxilla; s, surangular; ang, angular; pa, parietal. Fig. 5.—-Seymouria, skull from the side. Explanations as in fig. 4. As in other parts of the skeleton, there has been a reductionin the number of parts of the reptile skull from that of the moreprimitive forms, and a bett
RM2CDBF41–. Water reptiles of the past and present . Fig. 9g Fig. 100 Fig. 99.—Skull of Alligator mississippiensis, from below. Fig. 100.—The same, from above: bo, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; /, frontal;j, jugal; /, lacrimal; m, maxilla; 11, nasal; p, parietal; pa, palatine; pm, premaxilla;pf, prefrontal; pr, postfrontal; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; tr,transverse. firmly in sockets, and are replaced frequently by new ones growingbeneath them, pushing the older ones out as their usefulness becomesimpaired by injury or by use. In some species there are as many asthirty teeth in eac
RM2CE5FN3–. Water reptiles of the past and present . Fig. 6.—Labidosaurus, a cotylosaur.Skull from above: pm, premaxilla; n,nasal; m, maxilla; /, lacrimal; p, pre-frontal; fr, frontal; pf, postfrontal;po, postorbital; j, jiigal; pa, parietal;sq, squamosal; ds, dermosupraoccipi-tal; pf, parietal foramen. THE SKELETON OF REPTILES 23 doubtless greater brain power have rendered unnecessary or uselesstrie older kinds, just as modern methods and modern arms haverendered useless the coat of mail of the Middle Ages. The old reptiles had a continuous covering or roof for the skull,pierced only by the openings fo
![. On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . Chimpanzee. Homo. Adult. infant, fig. 113, and chimpanzee, fig. 114, are indicated by similarfigures and letters. In the upper view of the human hemisphere, fig. 116, the fol-lowing fissures arc marked:—5, sylvian, 8, supersylvian, 9, post- 1 xxiv. VROSENCEPHALOii OF MAMMALS. 131 sylvian, 12, coronal, 13, lambdoidal, u, frontal, 14, superfrontal,14, mid-frontal, 17, exoccipital, and 17X, postoccipital. The foldsare:—e, sylvian, I, medial, m, medilateral, n, postfrontal, n3 116 Midas. Callithrix. Macacus. Infant, 7 mo. Adult.. Foetus, 3 mo Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2CP8J9J/on-the-anatomy-of-vertebrates-electronic-resource-chimpanzee-homo-adult-infant-fig-113-and-chimpanzee-fig-114-are-indicated-by-similarfigures-and-letters-in-the-upper-view-of-the-human-hemisphere-fig-116-the-fol-lowing-fissures-arc-marked5-sylvian-8-supersylvian-9-post-1-xxiv-vrosencephaloii-of-mammals-131-sylvian-12-coronal-13-lambdoidal-u-frontal-14-superfrontal14-mid-frontal-17-exoccipital-and-17x-postoccipital-the-foldsaree-sylvian-i-medial-m-medilateral-n-postfrontal-n3-116-midas-callithrix-macacus-infant-7-mo-adult-foetus-3-mo-2CP8J9J.jpg ". On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . Chimpanzee. Homo. Adult. infant, fig. 113, and chimpanzee, fig. 114, are indicated by similarfigures and letters. In the upper view of the human hemisphere, fig. 116, the fol-lowing fissures arc marked:—5, sylvian, 8, supersylvian, 9, post- 1 xxiv. VROSENCEPHALOii OF MAMMALS. 131 sylvian, 12, coronal, 13, lambdoidal, u, frontal, 14, superfrontal,14, mid-frontal, 17, exoccipital, and 17X, postoccipital. The foldsare:—e, sylvian, I, medial, m, medilateral, n, postfrontal, n3 116 Midas. Callithrix. Macacus. Infant, 7 mo. Adult.. Foetus, 3 mo Stock Photo")
RM2CP8J9J–. On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . Chimpanzee. Homo. Adult. infant, fig. 113, and chimpanzee, fig. 114, are indicated by similarfigures and letters. In the upper view of the human hemisphere, fig. 116, the fol-lowing fissures arc marked:—5, sylvian, 8, supersylvian, 9, post- 1 xxiv. VROSENCEPHALOii OF MAMMALS. 131 sylvian, 12, coronal, 13, lambdoidal, u, frontal, 14, superfrontal,14, mid-frontal, 17, exoccipital, and 17X, postoccipital. The foldsare:—e, sylvian, I, medial, m, medilateral, n, postfrontal, n3 116 Midas. Callithrix. Macacus. Infant, 7 mo. Adult.. Foetus, 3 mo
RM2CDB91F–. Water reptiles of the past and present . Fig. iis Fig. 116 Figs. 115 and 116.—Trachemys. (From Hay) Fig. 115.—Skull from above: fr, frontal; ju, jugal; pa, parietal; paoc, paroc-cipital; pfr, prefrontal; pof, postfrontal; pro, prootic; qn, quadrate; sq, squamosal;soc, supraoccipital. Fig. 116.—Skull from below: ah, alveolar surface of maxilla; hoc, basioccipital;bap, basisphenoid; exoc, exoccipital; mx, maxilla; pal, palatine; paoc, paroccipital;pmx, premaxilla; pro, prootic; pt, pterygoid; qu, quadrate; qj, quadra to jugal;sq, squamosal; vom, vomer. In the feet the numbers of phalanges—that
RMRJ50R6–. Chordate morphology. Morphology (Animals); Chordata. postorbital postfrontal intertemporal supratemporal septomoxilla prefrontal lacrimal nasal. posttemporal fenestra , , squamosal tabular ^ columella (stapes) quadrate quadratojugal quadrate pterygoid. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Jollie, Malcolm. New York, Reinhold
RMREEWR1–. Comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative; Vertebrates. SKULL 119 The parietals and frontals are unpaired in the adult, and lacrymaLs, prefrontals, and postfrontals are present. There is an upper and a lower temporal arcade or zygomatic arch, and between the orbit and temporal fossa is a bony pillar formed by the postfrontal, jugal,. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Wiedersheim, Robert, 1848-
RMRGFHP3–. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology. lacertidae: phylogeny & biogeography 215 lachrymal maxilla postorbital pineal fontanelle. ectopterygoid squamosal supratemporal postfrontal parietal quadrate border of osteoderms supratemporal process of parietal exoccipital occipital condyle supraoccipital the polarity of some of the characters is known from other sources, such as outgroup comparison, the diagram can be rooted and converted into a putative phylogeny. It may then be used to retrospectively determine the direction of change of characters of previously unknown polar
RMRJE0E0–. The Ceratopsia. Ceratopsia. MOXOCLOXIUS CEASSUS. 75 lation with the parietal. Externally this assumes the nature of a wide, deep pocket formed by the posterior extension of the superior and inferior walls of the bone. Into this pocket the lateral angle of the median bar of the parietal fitted. At about the middle of the posterior margin of the postfrontal for a very short distance it presents a free, thin border, indicating the presence of a small foramen opening into a large cavity beneath the surface of the post- frontal, which is here comparatively thin. The posterior margin of the deflec
RMRDH658–. On the anatomy of vertebrates. Vertebrates; Anatomy, Comparative; 1866. MYOLOGY or FISHES. 207 dible aftei- they may have been divaricated. The latter movement depends upon the drawing upward and outward of the tympanic pedicle. This action is performed chiefly by the muscle, levator tyrnpani, figs. 134 and 137, 24, which arises from the postfrontal and expands to be inserted into the epi- and pre-tympanics and into the ectopterygoid. In raising or drawing outward the tym- panic pedicle and attached part of the pterygoid, this muscle tends to dilate the Ijranchial cavity and the back part of
RMRGE05P–. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. Ichthyostega Fig. 16. Palates of ichthyostegals. Ichthyostega after Save-Soderbergh, Westoll; Erpetosaurus after Romer, Steen. does not touch the parietal. There is no intertemporal; the supra- temporal is highly developed but is separated from the postfrontal by a lateral expansion of the parietal, as in the ichthyostegids. The material is inadequate to show whether or not a preopercular was present. We know little about the anterior portion of the skull roof except the position of the external naris. This appears to
![. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. 206 FOSSIL TURTLES OF NORTH AMERICA. From the front of" the orbit to the quadrate the free borders of the maxilla, the jugal, and the quadratojugal form a nearly straight line. Above the orbit the prefrontal meets the postfrontal, thus excluding the frontal from the orbital rim. The relations of the bones behind the orbit are in general like those of Protostega. In describing the quadratojugal of Protostega Case appears to have inverted the bone and this has led Wieland to suppose that the bone mentioned and others of the region are differ Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RFT5GD/carnegie-institution-of-washington-publication-206-fossil-turtles-of-north-america-from-the-front-ofquot-the-orbit-to-the-quadrate-the-free-borders-of-the-maxilla-the-jugal-and-the-quadratojugal-form-a-nearly-straight-line-above-the-orbit-the-prefrontal-meets-the-postfrontal-thus-excluding-the-frontal-from-the-orbital-rim-the-relations-of-the-bones-behind-the-orbit-are-in-general-like-those-of-protostega-in-describing-the-quadratojugal-of-protostega-case-appears-to-have-inverted-the-bone-and-this-has-led-wieland-to-suppose-that-the-bone-mentioned-and-others-of-the-region-are-differ-RFT5GD.jpg ". Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. 206 FOSSIL TURTLES OF NORTH AMERICA. From the front of" the orbit to the quadrate the free borders of the maxilla, the jugal, and the quadratojugal form a nearly straight line. Above the orbit the prefrontal meets the postfrontal, thus excluding the frontal from the orbital rim. The relations of the bones behind the orbit are in general like those of Protostega. In describing the quadratojugal of Protostega Case appears to have inverted the bone and this has led Wieland to suppose that the bone mentioned and others of the region are differ Stock Photo")
RMRFT5GD–. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. 206 FOSSIL TURTLES OF NORTH AMERICA. From the front of" the orbit to the quadrate the free borders of the maxilla, the jugal, and the quadratojugal form a nearly straight line. Above the orbit the prefrontal meets the postfrontal, thus excluding the frontal from the orbital rim. The relations of the bones behind the orbit are in general like those of Protostega. In describing the quadratojugal of Protostega Case appears to have inverted the bone and this has led Wieland to suppose that the bone mentioned and others of the region are differ
RMRJ4MAB–. Chordate morphology. Morphology (Animals); Chordata. intertemporal postparietals parietal postfrontal prefrontal nasal series snout shield. dentary angular posterior marginal gular suproangular scales snout shield snout shield anterior spleniol anterior medial gular posterior spleniol angular. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Jollie, Malcolm. New York, Reinhold
RMRMJ9HW–. Annals of the South African Museum. Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. 120 Annals of the South African Museum. From Dicynodon lutriceps this type seems to differ in having the intertemporal width greater than the interorbital, in not having the parietals so fully covered by the postorbitals, in the position of the pineal foramen, and in the size of the preparietal. The form is also strongly reminiscent of D. mustoi; but the latter is somewhat more slenderly built, the pineal foramen is further forward, and the postfrontal is a much larger bone. The chief resemblance, how
RMRHE2EH–. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. 24 bone as simple, some authors (e.g. Stephenson & Stephenson 1956; Rieppel 1984a) maintain thai it contains both postfrontal and postorbital components. According to Rieppel (1984c) the postfrontal acts as a lateral brace for the otherwise highly kinetic frontoparietal joint. An elongate, blunt-ended process projects ventrolaterally to form the posterodorsal border of the orbit. The shape of the postfrontal is general for car- phodactylines but also occurs in several other gekkonid lineages (Häupl 1980). In Uroplatiis fimbriatus the lateral pron
RMRJ5176–. Chordate morphology. Morphology (Animals); Chordata. orbitosphenoid !âº------â par frontal ^ ,,.-âV-âH^T/ ^'^---. epipterygoid prefrontal, ^r::rIlS--'--''VS /X^squamosol ^supratemporal epiphysis paroccipital process occipital condyle quadrate prootic bosisphenoid squamosal quadrate epiphysis suprotemporol paroccipital process of opisthotic supraoccipital 'basioccipital â exoccipital prootic palatine ectopterygoid , parosphenoid P^^'YQO'd maxilla lacrima prefronto B. fronta foramen for Jacobson's organ vomei premoxillo |ugal postfrontal basipterygoid process ectopterygoid epipterygoid /
RMRJ5M7E–. Chordate morphology. Morphology (Animals); Chordata. exoccipital process' occipital condyle basipterygoid process' squamosal posttemporol fenestra jugal paroccipitol process of opisthotic quadrate quadrotojugaj (fused to quadrate) cranioquadrate fissure fenestra vestibuli IX-X-XI epipterygoid postorbital postfrontal P°'''«*°' parietal foramen squamosal epipterygoid parietal prootic incisure membranous cranial wo basisphenoid B. parasphenoid supraoccipitol prootic prootic supratrigeminal process facial toromen poroccipital process internal carotid ntercalore quadrate parasphenoid squamosal pt
RMREJM9J–. The coal measures Amphibia of North America. Amphibians, Fossil; Paleontology; Paleontology. 128 THE COAL MEASURES AMPHIBIA OF NORTH AMERICA. as usual, formed by the squamosal. The orbit is bounded posteriorly by the post- orbital and the postfrontal, which include in the angle between them the quad- rangular squamosal. The orbit is especially remarkable for its size as compared with the dimen- sions of the skull, being without a parallel among other known Microsauria. Around the border of the orbit in the specimen Cope studied (105) there were found 14 quadrangular plates which he called &q
RMRM3DAP–. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. 1010 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1898. ing the postnasal and upper part of the orbit, liostral tapering upward. jSTostril opening in the posterior margin of the prenasal plate. Loreal elongated, situated above the second and third labials, and forming, with the postfrontal, the anterior part of the orbit. Eyes circular. Superciliaries proportionally large. One angular postorbital, elevated, the fourth labial forming the lower portion of the
RMRFT6M4–. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. MORPHOLOGICAL REVISION 93 The postfrontals are not well known; the sutures of the posterior ends have not been made out. The postorbital is a small triangular element between the postfrontal, jugal, and prosquamosal. The jugal is elongate, reaching from the maxillary and lachrymal in front, nearly or quite to the posterior edge of the skull. Branson figures it as excluded from the posterior part of the outer edge of the skull by an elongate quadrate, but in specimen No. 4673 Am. Mus., in which the sutures of the lower surface are clearly shown
RMRGF7BK–. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. Fig. 5. Baikia africana Gray (Type after Boulenger). of shields behind rostral, i.e. sl pair of postfrontals and a pair of parie- tals; postfrontal transversely elongate, below in contact with the. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Harvard University. Museum of Comparative Zoology. Cambridge, Mass. : The Museum
RMRJ5M7W–. Chordate morphology. Morphology (Animals); Chordata. supraoccipitol P°^'^*°' postfrontal postorbital prefrontal. exoccipital process' occipital condyle basipterygoid process' squamosal posttemporol fenestra jugal paroccipitol process of opisthotic quadrate quadrotojugaj (fused to quadrate) cranioquadrate fissure fenestra vestibuli IX-X-XI epipterygoid postorbital postfrontal P°'''«*°' parietal foramen squamosal epipterygoid parietal prootic incisure membranous cranial wo basisphenoid B. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced
RMRHPCKA–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. THE TEMPORAL ARCHES OF THE REPTILIA. 1/9 quadratojugal. The quadratojugal has only a slight union with the jugal. The postfrontal joins by its whole length with the parietal. Now, no one will question but that this arrangement of these bones is the primitive one for the reptilia, and any rear- rangement or readjustment must be a secondary result or spe- cialization. Among the higher forms, the nearest approach to this condi- tion is seen in the testudinate skull (Fig. 3), in which the bony roof still remains unpierced ; that
RMRJYXN8–. Asiatic herpetological research. Reptiles -- Asia Periodicals; Amphibians -- Asia Periodicals. Figure 3. Parietal bone. A, B. and C are the variations of the form of the parietal crest and posterior mar- gin. D, E, and F are the foramina and notches or the anterior edge of the descending part of the bone.. Figure 4. Postfrontal bone, showing the surface that joins with the parietal bone.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the o
![. Breviora. 8 BREVIORA NO. 314 margins of the orbit; dorsally it extends forward between frontal and lacrimal to reach the nasal. The postfrontal. abutting pos- teriorly on the prefrontal, is large and extends far backward lateral to the frontal and parietal; it has. however, only a very short pos- terodorsal boundary on the rim of the orbit. The postorbital is likewise highly developed and elongate, the postfrontal and post- orbital between them occupying much of the area which in labyrin- thodonts is occupied by the â â¢temporal" elements. The arrangement along the orbital margin is of Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RH5571/breviora-8-breviora-no-314-margins-of-the-orbit-dorsally-it-extends-forward-between-frontal-and-lacrimal-to-reach-the-nasal-the-postfrontal-abutting-pos-teriorly-on-the-prefrontal-is-large-and-extends-far-backward-lateral-to-the-frontal-and-parietal-it-has-however-only-a-very-short-pos-terodorsal-boundary-on-the-rim-of-the-orbit-the-postorbital-is-likewise-highly-developed-and-elongate-the-postfrontal-and-post-orbital-between-them-occupying-much-of-the-area-which-in-labyrin-thodonts-is-occupied-by-the-temporalquot-elements-the-arrangement-along-the-orbital-margin-is-of-RH5571.jpg ". Breviora. 8 BREVIORA NO. 314 margins of the orbit; dorsally it extends forward between frontal and lacrimal to reach the nasal. The postfrontal. abutting pos- teriorly on the prefrontal, is large and extends far backward lateral to the frontal and parietal; it has. however, only a very short pos- terodorsal boundary on the rim of the orbit. The postorbital is likewise highly developed and elongate, the postfrontal and post- orbital between them occupying much of the area which in labyrin- thodonts is occupied by the â â¢temporal" elements. The arrangement along the orbital margin is of Stock Photo")
RMRH5571–. Breviora. 8 BREVIORA NO. 314 margins of the orbit; dorsally it extends forward between frontal and lacrimal to reach the nasal. The postfrontal. abutting pos- teriorly on the prefrontal, is large and extends far backward lateral to the frontal and parietal; it has. however, only a very short pos- terodorsal boundary on the rim of the orbit. The postorbital is likewise highly developed and elongate, the postfrontal and post- orbital between them occupying much of the area which in labyrin- thodonts is occupied by the â â¢temporal" elements. The arrangement along the orbital margin is of
RMRDH651–. On the anatomy of vertebrates. Vertebrates; Anatomy, Comparative; 1866. MYOLOGY OF FISHES. 213 The muscles of the jaws are very powerful, as might be expected ill these fierce and predatory fishes. One, analoti'oiis to the ' tem- poral,' fig. 13i III, arises from the lateral and posterior ridge of 139 the cranium, and its fibres converge as they pass obliquely down- ward and forward to their insertion into the mandible. They are covered in great part l^y the stronger muscle ib. /, analogous to the ' masseter,' which arises from the under part of the postfrontal ridge, passes over the maxillo
RMRMR2A2–. The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. Natural history; Zoology; Botany; Geology. 168 Prof. H. G. Seeley on the the base, but both are broken and lost from the positions where they leave the maxillary bones. The transverse width between them on the palate is 1^ inch. The roots of the tusks, as usual, are nearly parallel to each other, but converge slightly as they descend below the vomerine level of the palate. Seen laterally their contour is parallel to the lower part of the anterior outline of the nearly vertical face. Fier. 1. postfrontal. frontal. epipt
RMRHK70T–. The biology of the amphibia. Amphibians. 464 THE BIOLOGY OF THE AMPHIBIA worms, for their bodies are usually provided with a series of trans- verse grooves. Within these folds are found in many genera a series of small scales. These are unquestionably an inheritance from the Carboniferous Amphibia. Other primitive features are a postfrontal (Ichthyophis), an ectopterygoid (Hypogeophis), and many features of the gill clefts, hyobranchial apparatus, and viscera recorded in the above chapters. Although the caecilians are highly modified for a burrowing life, they retain many very Fig. 144.—Ever
RMRG7551–. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. FAIVIILY SCORPAENIDAE—SCHULTZ 15 of scorpaenid fishes in the National Museum. That study caused me to change some of the conclusions reached prior to 1943, especially those involving the region of the postocular and postfrontal spines. In order to know what name to apply to those spines, I studied that area from the evolutionary viewpoint. My observations concerning the postfrontal and postocular spines and related ones are recorded in figure 137. In that figure, a to f illustrates the most simple conditions found in scorpaenid fishes. The p
RMRFRN4G–. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. tf.studinid-*:. 389 In general the structure oi the skull resembles that of the genus Gopherus, and therefore in general that of Testudo. As regards its size, in case the ratio of the portion behind the orbits to that from the postfrontal hones to the tip of the snout was the same as in the skull of either Gopherus polyphemus or of 'Testudo tabulata, the whole length from snout to occipital condyle must have been about 75 mm., and the breadth at the quadrates about 61 mm. The orbits are large, about 20 mm., hardly smaller proportionately than t
RMRMKNMR–. Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. PALATE AND MANDIBLE IN SOME SPECIMENS OF DICYNODON TESTUDIROSTRIS 137 completeness and slightly larger size. On the skull roof the postorbitals meet over the parietals, the preparietal is inflated anteriorly, the postfrontal is a narrow strip of bone, and the prefrontal has a limited extent on the outer skull roof. The maxilla rises up high behind the nostril to separate the lacrimal from the septomaxilla. The palate is identical to that of the type specimen, but the caniniform flanges of both sides
![. The chordates. Chordata. Motor System—Muscles and Skeleton 121 POSTFRONTAL. EXOCCIPITAL SUPRAOCCIPITAL Fig. 119. (Top) The head of a sturgeon, viewed from above as a translucent object. Membrane-bones (scutes) are outlined, and the inner cartilaginous cranium stippled. Comparative anatomy identifies certain scutes as homologs of bones in the mammalian skull. (After Gegenbaur. Courtesy, Neal and Rand: "Chordate Anatomy," Philadelphia, The Blakiston Company.) (Bottom) Skull of an ancient stegocephalan amphibian {Capitosaurus). (Eo) Exoccipital; (Ep) tabulare; (F) frontal; (Ju) zygoma Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RJ5MAR/the-chordates-chordata-motor-systemmuscles-and-skeleton-121-postfrontal-exoccipital-supraoccipital-fig-119-top-the-head-of-a-sturgeon-viewed-from-above-as-a-translucent-object-membrane-bones-scutes-are-outlined-and-the-inner-cartilaginous-cranium-stippled-comparative-anatomy-identifies-certain-scutes-as-homologs-of-bones-in-the-mammalian-skull-after-gegenbaur-courtesy-neal-and-rand-quotchordate-anatomyquot-philadelphia-the-blakiston-company-bottom-skull-of-an-ancient-stegocephalan-amphibian-capitosaurus-eo-exoccipital-ep-tabulare-f-frontal-ju-zygoma-RJ5MAR.jpg ". The chordates. Chordata. Motor System—Muscles and Skeleton 121 POSTFRONTAL. EXOCCIPITAL SUPRAOCCIPITAL Fig. 119. (Top) The head of a sturgeon, viewed from above as a translucent object. Membrane-bones (scutes) are outlined, and the inner cartilaginous cranium stippled. Comparative anatomy identifies certain scutes as homologs of bones in the mammalian skull. (After Gegenbaur. Courtesy, Neal and Rand: "Chordate Anatomy," Philadelphia, The Blakiston Company.) (Bottom) Skull of an ancient stegocephalan amphibian {Capitosaurus). (Eo) Exoccipital; (Ep) tabulare; (F) frontal; (Ju) zygoma Stock Photo")
RMRJ5MAR–. The chordates. Chordata. Motor System—Muscles and Skeleton 121 POSTFRONTAL. EXOCCIPITAL SUPRAOCCIPITAL Fig. 119. (Top) The head of a sturgeon, viewed from above as a translucent object. Membrane-bones (scutes) are outlined, and the inner cartilaginous cranium stippled. Comparative anatomy identifies certain scutes as homologs of bones in the mammalian skull. (After Gegenbaur. Courtesy, Neal and Rand: "Chordate Anatomy," Philadelphia, The Blakiston Company.) (Bottom) Skull of an ancient stegocephalan amphibian {Capitosaurus). (Eo) Exoccipital; (Ep) tabulare; (F) frontal; (Ju) zygoma
RMRGHTEC–. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). . Fig. 7. Differences in relationship between the outer margin of the parietal scale and the underlying bones of the skull, (i) Parietal scale margin running along outer edge of postorbital bone. (2) Parietal scale margin close to postorbital-postfrontal suture, po = postorbital bone, pf = postfrontal bone. shallow but again of about equal depth. In L. [G.) galloti and L. (G.) atlantica, the anterior supratemporals are much shallower than the posterior ones while in L. (S.) perspicillata and some Podarcis the supratemporals are scarcely disti
![. Biology of the vertebrates : a comparative study of man and his animal allies. Vertebrates; Vertebrates -- Anatomy; Anatomy, Comparative. Premaxillary -External Naris Maxillary Nasal acrimal Prefrontal - Frontal .-Orbit |r-Jugal Postfrontal — Postorbital Epiphyseal Foramen jl-- Parietal '/ijjj— Quadratojugal ^""Squamosal -Postparietal (Dermo-Occipital) Fig. 497. Dorsal view of skull of a cotylosaur, Seymouria (Conodectes), (After Williston.) except mammals, fuse into a single median bone in turtles and most birds. Primarily the palatines, pterygoids, and transpalatines are associat Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RHJMT4/biology-of-the-vertebrates-a-comparative-study-of-man-and-his-animal-allies-vertebrates-vertebrates-anatomy-anatomy-comparative-premaxillary-external-naris-maxillary-nasal-acrimal-prefrontal-frontal-orbit-r-jugal-postfrontal-postorbital-epiphyseal-foramen-jl-parietal-ijjj-quadratojugal-quotquotsquamosal-postparietal-dermo-occipital-fig-497-dorsal-view-of-skull-of-a-cotylosaur-seymouria-conodectes-after-williston-except-mammals-fuse-into-a-single-median-bone-in-turtles-and-most-birds-primarily-the-palatines-pterygoids-and-transpalatines-are-associat-RHJMT4.jpg ". Biology of the vertebrates : a comparative study of man and his animal allies. Vertebrates; Vertebrates -- Anatomy; Anatomy, Comparative. Premaxillary -External Naris Maxillary Nasal acrimal Prefrontal - Frontal .-Orbit |r-Jugal Postfrontal — Postorbital Epiphyseal Foramen jl-- Parietal '/ijjj— Quadratojugal ^""Squamosal -Postparietal (Dermo-Occipital) Fig. 497. Dorsal view of skull of a cotylosaur, Seymouria (Conodectes), (After Williston.) except mammals, fuse into a single median bone in turtles and most birds. Primarily the palatines, pterygoids, and transpalatines are associat Stock Photo")
RMRHJMT4–. Biology of the vertebrates : a comparative study of man and his animal allies. Vertebrates; Vertebrates -- Anatomy; Anatomy, Comparative. Premaxillary -External Naris Maxillary Nasal acrimal Prefrontal - Frontal .-Orbit |r-Jugal Postfrontal — Postorbital Epiphyseal Foramen jl-- Parietal '/ijjj— Quadratojugal ^""Squamosal -Postparietal (Dermo-Occipital) Fig. 497. Dorsal view of skull of a cotylosaur, Seymouria (Conodectes), (After Williston.) except mammals, fuse into a single median bone in turtles and most birds. Primarily the palatines, pterygoids, and transpalatines are associat
RMRD9RX6–. Zoology : for students and general readers . Zoology. Fig. 448.—Skull of Tchihyosauru? ; lateral view. Pmx, premaxillary bone ; Mx, maxillary ; jV, nasal; Fr, frontal; Prf, prefrontal; Pof, postfrontal ; />«, parietal; X, lachrymal; M, malar ; Qj, quadratojugal ; Q, qua'drate ; Pob^ postorbital ; Sq, squamosal ; D, dentary; Ang, angular ; Art, articular ; S. Ar, subarticular ; Pier, pterygoid.—After Cope. the head was very large, the neck very short, and the orbits were enormous ; the vertebras were remarkably short and bi- ^ concave. They were carniv- orous, and powerful swim- mers, and
![. Chordate anatomy. Chordata; Anatomy, Comparative. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM l6l. Fig. 151.— Membrane bones of typical tetrapod; chondrocranium in dotted outline. interp, interparietal; pmx, premaxilla; pof, postfrontal; porb, postorbital; prf, prefrontal; qj, quadratojugal, zyg, zygomatic. (From Kingsley's "Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates."). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Neal, Herbert V. (Herbert Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RJ5MNX/chordate-anatomy-chordata-anatomy-comparative-the-skeletal-system-l6l-fig-151-membrane-bones-of-typical-tetrapod-chondrocranium-in-dotted-outline-interp-interparietal-pmx-premaxilla-pof-postfrontal-porb-postorbital-prf-prefrontal-qj-quadratojugal-zyg-zygomatic-from-kingsleys-quotcomparative-anatomy-of-vertebratesquot-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-neal-herbert-v-herbert-RJ5MNX.jpg ". Chordate anatomy. Chordata; Anatomy, Comparative. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM l6l. Fig. 151.— Membrane bones of typical tetrapod; chondrocranium in dotted outline. interp, interparietal; pmx, premaxilla; pof, postfrontal; porb, postorbital; prf, prefrontal; qj, quadratojugal, zyg, zygomatic. (From Kingsley's "Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates."). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Neal, Herbert V. (Herbert Stock Photo")
RMRJ5MNX–. Chordate anatomy. Chordata; Anatomy, Comparative. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM l6l. Fig. 151.— Membrane bones of typical tetrapod; chondrocranium in dotted outline. interp, interparietal; pmx, premaxilla; pof, postfrontal; porb, postorbital; prf, prefrontal; qj, quadratojugal, zyg, zygomatic. (From Kingsley's "Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates."). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Neal, Herbert V. (Herbert
RMRMNA6B–. Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. 254 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM tongue of the parietal which is wedged in between the tabular and the upsweep- ing process of the squamosal. In my specimen the postorbital is more developed and this at the expense of the postfrontal. This particularly affects the appearance of the postorbital bar as seen in dorsal view.. Fig. 2. Struthiocephalus kitchingi. S.A.M. K272 X 1/6. Dorsal view. Orthoprojection on to the alveolar plane. Brink figures the squamosal as entering the ventral orbital borde