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New Creative Relevant Search filters Endosperm Stock Photos and Images  (1,835) endosperm cells Related searches: Narrow your search: Vectors | Black & white | Cut Outs Page 5 of 19 The elements of botany for The elements of botany for beginners and for schools elementsofbotany00gray Year: 1887 386. The Kernel, or Nucleus, is the whole body of the seed within the coats. In manj seeds I tie ker- nel is all Embryo; in others a large pari of it is the .//- Lumen. For example, in Fig. 483, it is wholly embryo; in Fig. 422, all but the small speck (//) is albumen. 387. The Albumen or Endosperm of the seed is sufficiently charac- terized and its office explained m Sect. 111., 31-35. :^ss. The Embryo or Germ, which is the rudimentary plantlet and the final result of blossoming, The elements of botany for The elements of botany for beginners and for schools elementsofbotany00gray Year: 1887 386. The Kernel, or Nucleus, is the whole body of the seed within the coats. In manj seeds I tie ker- nel is all Embryo; in others a large pari of it is the .//- Lumen. For example, in Fig. 483, it is wholly embryo; in Fig. 422, all but the small speck (//) is albumen. 387. The Albumen or Endosperm of the seed is sufficiently charac- terized and its office explained m Sect. 111., 31-35. :^ss. The Embryo or Germ, which is the rudimentary plantlet and the final result of blossoming,https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-elements-of-botany-for-the-elements-of-botany-for-beginners-and-for-schools-elementsofbotany00gray-year-1887-386-the-kernel-or-nucleus-is-the-whole-body-of-the-seed-within-the-coats-in-manj-seeds-i-tie-ker-nel-is-all-embryo-in-others-a-large-pari-of-it-is-the-lumen-for-example-in-fig-483-it-is-wholly-embryo-in-fig-422-all-but-the-small-speck-is-albumen-387-the-albumen-or-endosperm-of-the-seed-is-sufficiently-charac-terized-and-its-office-explained-m-sect-111-31-35-ss-the-embryo-or-germ-which-is-the-rudimentary-plantlet-and-the-final-result-of-blossoming-image239595858.html Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white background Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white backgroundhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/macro-photograph-of-coffee-beans-isolated-over-a-white-background-image337215369.html . The cell; outlines of general anatomy and physiology. for examination in the animal kingdom are the tissue cells ofyoung larvae of Salamandra maculata, of Triton, the spermatozoaof mature animals, the segmentation spheres of small transparenteggs, especially of Nematodes (Ascaris megalocephala), and ofEchinoderms (Toxopneustes lividus). Amongst plants the proto-plasm of the endosperm of the embryo sac, especially of Fritil-laria imperiaiis, and the developing pollen cells of Liliacese, areespecially to be recommended. a. Cell division, as it occurs in the Salamandramaculata, as an example of . The cell; outlines of general anatomy and physiology. for examination in the animal kingdom are the tissue cells ofyoung larvae of Salamandra maculata, of Triton, the spermatozoaof mature animals, the segmentation spheres of small transparenteggs, especially of Nematodes (Ascaris megalocephala), and ofEchinoderms (Toxopneustes lividus). Amongst plants the proto-plasm of the endosperm of the embryo sac, especially of Fritil-laria imperiaiis, and the developing pollen cells of Liliacese, areespecially to be recommended. a. Cell division, as it occurs in the Salamandramaculata, as an example ofhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-cell-outlines-of-general-anatomy-and-physiology-for-examination-in-the-animal-kingdom-are-the-tissue-cells-ofyoung-larvae-of-salamandra-maculata-of-triton-the-spermatozoaof-mature-animals-the-segmentation-spheres-of-small-transparenteggs-especially-of-nematodes-ascaris-megalocephala-and-ofechinoderms-toxopneustes-lividus-amongst-plants-the-proto-plasm-of-the-endosperm-of-the-embryo-sac-especially-of-fritil-laria-imperiaiis-and-the-developing-pollen-cells-of-liliacese-areespecially-to-be-recommended-a-cell-division-as-it-occurs-in-the-salamandramaculata-as-an-example-of-image336847535.html . How crops grow. A treatise on the chemical composition, structure, and life of the plant, for all students of agriculture ... Agricultural chemistry; Growth (Plants). 304 HOW CROPS GEOW. buckwheat, flax, and tobacco, contain an endosperm. The seeds of nearly all other exogenous agricultural plants are destitute of au endosperm, and, exclusive of the coats, consist-entirely of embryo. Such are the seeds of the Le- guminosse, viz., the bean, pea, and clover; of the Cracif- erae, viz., turnip, radish, and cabbage; of ordinary fruits, the apple, pear, cherry, plum, and peach; of the gourd family . How crops grow. A treatise on the chemical composition, structure, and life of the plant, for all students of agriculture ... Agricultural chemistry; Growth (Plants). 304 HOW CROPS GEOW. buckwheat, flax, and tobacco, contain an endosperm. The seeds of nearly all other exogenous agricultural plants are destitute of au endosperm, and, exclusive of the coats, consist-entirely of embryo. Such are the seeds of the Le- guminosse, viz., the bean, pea, and clover; of the Cracif- erae, viz., turnip, radish, and cabbage; of ordinary fruits, the apple, pear, cherry, plum, and peach; of the gourd familyhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/how-crops-grow-a-treatise-on-the-chemical-composition-structure-and-life-of-the-plant-for-all-students-of-agriculture-agricultural-chemistry-growth-plants-304-how-crops-geow-buckwheat-flax-and-tobacco-contain-an-endosperm-the-seeds-of-nearly-all-other-exogenous-agricultural-plants-are-destitute-of-au-endosperm-and-exclusive-of-the-coats-consist-entirely-of-embryo-such-are-the-seeds-of-the-le-guminosse-viz-the-bean-pea-and-clover-of-the-cracif-erae-viz-turnip-radish-and-cabbage-of-ordinary-fruits-the-apple-pear-cherry-plum-and-peach-of-the-gourd-family-image216440061.html . Elementary botany . Fig. 301 Young ovule (macrosporangium) of podophyllum stage of the macrospore ; i.int, inner integument; nucellus containing the one-celled o.intf outer integument. â elled several times until eight are formed, four in the micropylar end of the embryo sac and four in the opposite end. In some plants it has been found that one nucleus from each group of four moves toward the middle of the embryo sac. Here they fuse to- gether to form one nucleus, the endosperm nucleus or definitive nucleus shown in fig. 302. One of the nuclei at the micropylar end is the egg, while the two . Elementary botany . Fig. 301 Young ovule (macrosporangium) of podophyllum stage of the macrospore ; i.int, inner integument; nucellus containing the one-celled o.intf outer integument. â elled several times until eight are formed, four in the micropylar end of the embryo sac and four in the opposite end. In some plants it has been found that one nucleus from each group of four moves toward the middle of the embryo sac. Here they fuse to- gether to form one nucleus, the endosperm nucleus or definitive nucleus shown in fig. 302. One of the nuclei at the micropylar end is the egg, while the twohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elementary-botany-fig-301-young-ovule-macrosporangium-of-podophyllum-stage-of-the-macrospore-iint-inner-integument-nucellus-containing-the-one-celled-ointf-outer-integument-elled-several-times-until-eight-are-formed-four-in-the-micropylar-end-of-the-embryo-sac-and-four-in-the-opposite-end-in-some-plants-it-has-been-found-that-one-nucleus-from-each-group-of-four-moves-toward-the-middle-of-the-embryo-sac-here-they-fuse-to-gether-to-form-one-nucleus-the-endosperm-nucleus-or-definitive-nucleus-shown-in-fig-302-one-of-the-nuclei-at-the-micropylar-end-is-the-egg-while-the-two-image178429068.html 3D Letter B with abstract biological texture 3D Letter B with abstract biological texturehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/3d-letter-b-with-abstract-biological-texture-image210421396.html Archive image from page 324 of The cyclopædia of anatomy and. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology cyclopdiaofana05todd Year: 1859 Upper end of embryo-sac of the same as observed immediately before impregnation, 250 diam. The tubular germ-cell, the lower end of which is embedded in the nucleated cells of the endosperm, occupies its axis. latter, which is the parent cell of the embryo, is divided by a vertical septum into two hemispheres. In these two new septa are formed, also vertical, but at right angles to The same immediately after imjtrt-gnatiim. The germ-cell is now divided by a Archive image from page 324 of The cyclopædia of anatomy and. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology cyclopdiaofana05todd Year: 1859 Upper end of embryo-sac of the same as observed immediately before impregnation, 250 diam. The tubular germ-cell, the lower end of which is embedded in the nucleated cells of the endosperm, occupies its axis. latter, which is the parent cell of the embryo, is divided by a vertical septum into two hemispheres. In these two new septa are formed, also vertical, but at right angles to The same immediately after imjtrt-gnatiim. The germ-cell is now divided by ahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/archive-image-from-page-324-of-the-cyclopdia-of-anatomy-and-the-cyclopdia-of-anatomy-and-physiology-cyclopdiaofana05todd-year-1859-upper-end-of-embryo-sac-of-the-same-as-observed-immediately-before-impregnation-250-diam-the-tubular-germ-cell-the-lower-end-of-which-is-embedded-in-the-nucleated-cells-of-the-endosperm-occupies-its-axis-latter-which-is-the-parent-cell-of-the-embryo-is-divided-by-a-vertical-septum-into-two-hemispheres-in-these-two-new-septa-are-formed-also-vertical-but-at-right-angles-to-the-same-immediately-after-imjtrt-gnatiim-the-germ-cell-is-now-divided-by-a-image259559256.html Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white background Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white backgroundhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/macro-photograph-of-coffee-beans-isolated-over-a-white-background-image337215313.html . The classification of flowering plants. Plants. LINACEAE 271) and the stigmas terminal. The fruit is a capsule (except in some of the Hugonieae where it is drupaceous) surrounded at the base by the persistent calyx, and splitting septicidally into as many valves as there are carpels, or into double the number when false septa divide each carpel into two chambers. The seeds have a fleshy endosperm in which the usually straight embryo is embedded. The leaves are alternate, or rarely opposite, simple, entire, with small stipules or exstipulate. The form of the inflorescence varies, and is cymos . The classification of flowering plants. Plants. LINACEAE 271) and the stigmas terminal. The fruit is a capsule (except in some of the Hugonieae where it is drupaceous) surrounded at the base by the persistent calyx, and splitting septicidally into as many valves as there are carpels, or into double the number when false septa divide each carpel into two chambers. The seeds have a fleshy endosperm in which the usually straight embryo is embedded. The leaves are alternate, or rarely opposite, simple, entire, with small stipules or exstipulate. The form of the inflorescence varies, and is cymoshttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-classification-of-flowering-plants-plants-linaceae-271-and-the-stigmas-terminal-the-fruit-is-a-capsule-except-in-some-of-the-hugonieae-where-it-is-drupaceous-surrounded-at-the-base-by-the-persistent-calyx-and-splitting-septicidally-into-as-many-valves-as-there-are-carpels-or-into-double-the-number-when-false-septa-divide-each-carpel-into-two-chambers-the-seeds-have-a-fleshy-endosperm-in-which-the-usually-straight-embryo-is-embedded-the-leaves-are-alternate-or-rarely-opposite-simple-entire-with-small-stipules-or-exstipulate-the-form-of-the-inflorescence-varies-and-is-cymos-image232772276.html . Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. 2006 ZEA ZELKOVA Var. indentata {Z. indentata, Sturt.). Dent Corn. Fig. 2780. Plate VII. A group recognized by the pres- ence of corneous endosperm at the sides of the kernel, the starchy endosperm extending to the summit. By the drying and shrinkage of the starchy matter the summit of the kernel is drawn in or . Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. 2006 ZEA ZELKOVA Var. indentata {Z. indentata, Sturt.). Dent Corn. Fig. 2780. Plate VII. A group recognized by the pres- ence of corneous endosperm at the sides of the kernel, the starchy endosperm extending to the summit. By the drying and shrinkage of the starchy matter the summit of the kernel is drawn in orhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/cyclopedia-of-american-horticulture-comprising-suggestions-for-cultivation-of-horticultural-plants-descriptions-of-the-species-of-fruits-vegetables-flowers-and-ornamental-plants-sold-in-the-united-states-and-canada-together-with-geographical-and-biographical-sketches-gardening-2006-zea-zelkova-var-indentata-z-indentata-sturt-dent-corn-fig-2780-plate-vii-a-group-recognized-by-the-pres-ence-of-corneous-endosperm-at-the-sides-of-the-kernel-the-starchy-endosperm-extending-to-the-summit-by-the-drying-and-shrinkage-of-the-starchy-matter-the-summit-of-the-kernel-is-drawn-in-or-image216170835.html . An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions : from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102nd meridian . embryo nearly annular in the mealy endosperm, its radicle pointing downward. [From the Greek for hoariness or mould.] Two known species, the following of western North America ; the other, of western Asia and Europe is^the generic type. I. Eurotia lanata (Pursh) ]Ioq. American Eurotia. White Sage. Fig. 1703. Diotis lanata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 602. 1814. Eurotia lanala Moq. . An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions : from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102nd meridian . embryo nearly annular in the mealy endosperm, its radicle pointing downward. [From the Greek for hoariness or mould.] Two known species, the following of western North America ; the other, of western Asia and Europe is^the generic type. I. Eurotia lanata (Pursh) ]Ioq. American Eurotia. White Sage. Fig. 1703. Diotis lanata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 602. 1814. Eurotia lanala Moq. https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/an-illustrated-flora-of-the-northern-united-states-canada-and-the-british-possessions-from-newfoundland-to-the-parallel-of-the-southern-boundary-of-virginia-and-from-the-atlantic-ocean-westward-to-the-102nd-meridian-embryo-nearly-annular-in-the-mealy-endosperm-its-radicle-pointing-downward-from-the-greek-for-hoariness-or-mould-two-known-species-the-following-of-western-north-america-the-other-of-western-asia-and-europe-isthe-generic-type-i-eurotia-lanata-pursh-ioq-american-eurotia-white-sage-fig-1703-diotis-lanata-pursh-fl-am-sept-602-1814-eurotia-lanala-moq-image178475966.html 3D Letter F with abstract biological texture 3D Letter F with abstract biological texturehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/3d-letter-f-with-abstract-biological-texture-image210421427.html Elements of biology; a practical Elements of biology; a practical text-book correlating botany, zoology, and human physiology elementsofbiolog00hunt Year: [c1907] SEEDS AND SEEDLINGS 71 coats. There are some dicotyledonous plants that have food stored outside of the embryo. Such a plant is the castor bean.^ Castor Bean. — A section cut vertically through the castor bean discloses a white oily maes directly under the seed coats. This mass is called the endosperm. If it is tested with iodine, it can be proved to contain starch; oil is also present in considerable quantity Within the endosperm l Elements of biology; a practical Elements of biology; a practical text-book correlating botany, zoology, and human physiology elementsofbiolog00hunt Year: [c1907] SEEDS AND SEEDLINGS 71 coats. There are some dicotyledonous plants that have food stored outside of the embryo. Such a plant is the castor bean.^ Castor Bean. — A section cut vertically through the castor bean discloses a white oily maes directly under the seed coats. This mass is called the endosperm. If it is tested with iodine, it can be proved to contain starch; oil is also present in considerable quantity Within the endosperm lhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elements-of-biology-a-practical-elements-of-biology-a-practical-text-book-correlating-botany-zoology-and-human-physiology-elementsofbiolog00hunt-year-c1907-seeds-and-seedlings-71-coats-there-are-some-dicotyledonous-plants-that-have-food-stored-outside-of-the-embryo-such-a-plant-is-the-castor-bean-castor-bean-a-section-cut-vertically-through-the-castor-bean-discloses-a-white-oily-maes-directly-under-the-seed-coats-this-mass-is-called-the-endosperm-if-it-is-tested-with-iodine-it-can-be-proved-to-contain-starch-oil-is-also-present-in-considerable-quantity-within-the-endosperm-l-image239577421.html Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white background Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white backgroundhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/macro-photograph-of-coffee-beans-isolated-over-a-white-background-image337215316.html . Lessons with plants. Suggestions for seeing and interpreting some of the common forms of vegetation. 411. A seed, then, is a body which is thedirect product of a flower and a result of asexual process, and. which contains a miniatureplant or embryo; and its office is to produce anew plant. In nearly all cases the embryo is WSAT IS A SJSHD? 335 enclosed in seed-coats, and it is often imbeddedin endosperm. Suggestions.—Only the most obvious parts and features ofseeds have been mentioned here, but these oharaeters are sufficientto enable the pupil to make profitable comparisons between anyseeds . Lessons with plants. Suggestions for seeing and interpreting some of the common forms of vegetation. 411. A seed, then, is a body which is thedirect product of a flower and a result of asexual process, and. which contains a miniatureplant or embryo; and its office is to produce anew plant. In nearly all cases the embryo is WSAT IS A SJSHD? 335 enclosed in seed-coats, and it is often imbeddedin endosperm. Suggestions.—Only the most obvious parts and features ofseeds have been mentioned here, but these oharaeters are sufficientto enable the pupil to make profitable comparisons between anyseedshttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/lessons-with-plants-suggestions-for-seeing-and-interpreting-some-of-the-common-forms-of-vegetation-411-a-seed-then-is-a-body-which-is-thedirect-product-of-a-flower-and-a-result-of-asexual-process-and-which-contains-a-miniatureplant-or-embryo-and-its-office-is-to-produce-anew-plant-in-nearly-all-cases-the-embryo-is-wsat-is-a-sjshd-335-enclosed-in-seed-coats-and-it-is-often-imbeddedin-endosperm-suggestionsonly-the-most-obvious-parts-and-features-ofseeds-have-been-mentioned-here-but-these-oharaeters-are-sufficientto-enable-the-pupil-to-make-profitable-comparisons-between-anyseeds-image336692608.html . Field crops for the cotton-belt. Agriculture. 312 FIELD CROPS FOR THE COTTON-BELT The greater portion of the wheat grain consists of endo- sperm or starch cell? which form the chief constituent of wheat flour. The ratio of embryo to endosperm is about as one to thirteen. The embryo is composed essentially of two parts, viz., the miniature plant known as the veg- etative portion, and the absorbent organ, known as the scutellum, which on the germination of the seed, trans- fers the substance of the endosperm to the embryo for its nourishment. Surrounding the endosperm and em- bryo is a single . Field crops for the cotton-belt. Agriculture. 312 FIELD CROPS FOR THE COTTON-BELT The greater portion of the wheat grain consists of endo- sperm or starch cell? which form the chief constituent of wheat flour. The ratio of embryo to endosperm is about as one to thirteen. The embryo is composed essentially of two parts, viz., the miniature plant known as the veg- etative portion, and the absorbent organ, known as the scutellum, which on the germination of the seed, trans- fers the substance of the endosperm to the embryo for its nourishment. Surrounding the endosperm and em- bryo is a single https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/field-crops-for-the-cotton-belt-agriculture-312-field-crops-for-the-cotton-belt-the-greater-portion-of-the-wheat-grain-consists-of-endo-sperm-or-starch-cell-which-form-the-chief-constituent-of-wheat-flour-the-ratio-of-embryo-to-endosperm-is-about-as-one-to-thirteen-the-embryo-is-composed-essentially-of-two-parts-viz-the-miniature-plant-known-as-the-veg-etative-portion-and-the-absorbent-organ-known-as-the-scutellum-which-on-the-germination-of-the-seed-trans-fers-the-substance-of-the-endosperm-to-the-embryo-for-its-nourishment-surrounding-the-endosperm-and-em-bryo-is-a-single-image216361591.html . Elementary botany . the integuments increase in extent and harden as the seed is formed. 461. Perisperm. — In most plants the nuce llus is all consumed in the devel- opment of the endosperm, so that only minute frag- ments of disorganized cell walls remain next the in- ner integument. In some plants, however, (the water- lily family, the pepper „ ^ig. 308. J J 1 rr Diagrammatic section of ovary and ovule at time family, etc.,) a portion of of fertilization in angiosperm /, funicle of ovule; J '/ x Hi nucellus; ;;/, micropyle; o, antipodal cells or the nucellus remains in- embryo sac ; *, end . Elementary botany . the integuments increase in extent and harden as the seed is formed. 461. Perisperm. — In most plants the nuce llus is all consumed in the devel- opment of the endosperm, so that only minute frag- ments of disorganized cell walls remain next the in- ner integument. In some plants, however, (the water- lily family, the pepper „ ^ig. 308. J J 1 rr Diagrammatic section of ovary and ovule at time family, etc.,) a portion of of fertilization in angiosperm /, funicle of ovule; J '/ x Hi nucellus; ;;/, micropyle; o, antipodal cells or the nucellus remains in- embryo sac ; *, endhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elementary-botany-the-integuments-increase-in-extent-and-harden-as-the-seed-is-formed-461-perisperm-in-most-plants-the-nuce-llus-is-all-consumed-in-the-devel-opment-of-the-endosperm-so-that-only-minute-frag-ments-of-disorganized-cell-walls-remain-next-the-in-ner-integument-in-some-plants-however-the-water-lily-family-the-pepper-ig-308-j-j-1-rr-diagrammatic-section-of-ovary-and-ovule-at-time-family-etc-a-portion-of-of-fertilization-in-angiosperm-funicle-of-ovule-j-x-hi-nucellus-micropyle-o-antipodal-cells-or-the-nucellus-remains-in-embryo-sac-end-image178429021.html 3D Letter A with abstract biological texture 3D Letter A with abstract biological texturehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/3d-letter-a-with-abstract-biological-texture-image210421379.html Archive image from page 228 of Cytology, with special reference to. Cytology, with special reference to the metazoan nucleus cytologywithspec00agar_0 Year: 1920 VI] MEIOTIC PHASE IN PLANTS 213 At fertilization the two male gamete nuclei which are formed in each pollen grain are both introduced into the embryo-sac ; one fuses with the ovum nucleus to produce the zygote, while the other fuses with the central fusion nucleus, forming thus a triploid nucleus. This afterwards gives rise to the endosperm, or reserve food material of the seed. For a more detailed account of the gametophyte and fert Archive image from page 228 of Cytology, with special reference to. Cytology, with special reference to the metazoan nucleus cytologywithspec00agar_0 Year: 1920 VI] MEIOTIC PHASE IN PLANTS 213 At fertilization the two male gamete nuclei which are formed in each pollen grain are both introduced into the embryo-sac ; one fuses with the ovum nucleus to produce the zygote, while the other fuses with the central fusion nucleus, forming thus a triploid nucleus. This afterwards gives rise to the endosperm, or reserve food material of the seed. For a more detailed account of the gametophyte and ferthttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/archive-image-from-page-228-of-cytology-with-special-reference-to-cytology-with-special-reference-to-the-metazoan-nucleus-cytologywithspec00agar-0-year-1920-vi-meiotic-phase-in-plants-213-at-fertilization-the-two-male-gamete-nuclei-which-are-formed-in-each-pollen-grain-are-both-introduced-into-the-embryo-sac-one-fuses-with-the-ovum-nucleus-to-produce-the-zygote-while-the-other-fuses-with-the-central-fusion-nucleus-forming-thus-a-triploid-nucleus-this-afterwards-gives-rise-to-the-endosperm-or-reserve-food-material-of-the-seed-for-a-more-detailed-account-of-the-gametophyte-and-fert-image259482279.html Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white background Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white backgroundhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/macro-photograph-of-coffee-beans-isolated-over-a-white-background-image337215447.html . Cyclopedia of American horticulture : comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening; Horticulture; Horticulture; Horticulture. 580 FERTILIZATION (cf, Fig. 816) fuses with tlie nucleus of the egg ( 9, Fig. 816), and fertilization is complete. The other, hereto- fore supposed to be disorganized, is now said to fuse with 'the endosperm nucleus (e. Fig. 816). The fer- tilized egg begins at once to . Cyclopedia of American horticulture : comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening; Horticulture; Horticulture; Horticulture. 580 FERTILIZATION (cf, Fig. 816) fuses with tlie nucleus of the egg ( 9, Fig. 816), and fertilization is complete. The other, hereto- fore supposed to be disorganized, is now said to fuse with 'the endosperm nucleus (e. Fig. 816). The fer- tilized egg begins at once tohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/cyclopedia-of-american-horticulture-comprising-suggestions-for-cultivation-of-horticultural-plants-descriptions-of-the-species-of-fruits-vegetables-flowers-and-ornamental-plants-sold-in-the-united-states-and-canada-together-with-geographical-and-biographical-sketches-gardening-horticulture-horticulture-horticulture-580-fertilization-cf-fig-816-fuses-with-tlie-nucleus-of-the-egg-9-fig-816-and-fertilization-is-complete-the-other-hereto-fore-supposed-to-be-disorganized-is-now-said-to-fuse-with-the-endosperm-nucleus-e-fig-816-the-fer-tilized-egg-begins-at-once-to-image231796815.html . Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. 580 FERTILIZATION t-f. Fig. 816) fuses with the nucleus of the egg ( 9, Fig. 81()), and fertilization is complete. The other, hereto- fore supposed to be disorganized, is now said to fuse with the endosperm nucleus (e, Fig. 816). The fer- tilize'd egg begins at once to grow and forms the em-. eiulosperni im -, . Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. 580 FERTILIZATION t-f. Fig. 816) fuses with the nucleus of the egg ( 9, Fig. 81()), and fertilization is complete. The other, hereto- fore supposed to be disorganized, is now said to fuse with the endosperm nucleus (e, Fig. 816). The fer- tilize'd egg begins at once to grow and forms the em-. eiulosperni im -, https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/cyclopedia-of-american-horticulture-comprising-suggestions-for-cultivation-of-horticultural-plants-descriptions-of-the-species-of-fruits-vegetables-flowers-and-ornamental-plants-sold-in-the-united-states-and-canada-together-with-geographical-and-biographical-sketches-gardening-580-fertilization-t-f-fig-816-fuses-with-the-nucleus-of-the-egg-9-fig-81-and-fertilization-is-complete-the-other-hereto-fore-supposed-to-be-disorganized-is-now-said-to-fuse-with-the-endosperm-nucleus-e-fig-816-the-fer-tilized-egg-begins-at-once-to-grow-and-forms-the-em-eiulosperni-im-image216208238.html . Fig. 245. Vergr. 20. Querschnitt durch einen im Wasser aufquellenden Samen von Plantago Psyllium (halbschematisch). ss' aufquellende Epidermis der Samenschale, j Pigmentschicht, E Endosperm, Ä'Keim (Wiesner.) nigeii Nährgewebe und einem kleinen, aus Würzelchen und zwei Keim- blättern zusammengesetzten Keim (Fig. 245). Im Querschnitt zeigt das 1) 1. c, p. 448. 2} De Candolle, Prod. XIII, 1, p. 692. 31 Rohstoffe, 1. Aufl., p. 744. 4) Vgl. auch Harz, Samenkunde, II, p. 985. . Fig. 245. Vergr. 20. Querschnitt durch einen im Wasser aufquellenden Samen von Plantago Psyllium (halbschematisch). ss' aufquellende Epidermis der Samenschale, j Pigmentschicht, E Endosperm, Ä'Keim (Wiesner.) nigeii Nährgewebe und einem kleinen, aus Würzelchen und zwei Keim- blättern zusammengesetzten Keim (Fig. 245). Im Querschnitt zeigt das 1) 1. c, p. 448. 2} De Candolle, Prod. XIII, 1, p. 692. 31 Rohstoffe, 1. Aufl., p. 744. 4) Vgl. auch Harz, Samenkunde, II, p. 985.https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/fig-245-vergr-20-querschnitt-durch-einen-im-wasser-aufquellenden-samen-von-plantago-psyllium-halbschematisch-ss-aufquellende-epidermis-der-samenschale-j-pigmentschicht-e-endosperm-keim-wiesner-nigeii-nhrgewebe-und-einem-kleinen-aus-wrzelchen-und-zwei-keim-blttern-zusammengesetzten-keim-fig-245-im-querschnitt-zeigt-das-1-1-c-p-448-2-de-candolle-prod-xiii-1-p-692-31-rohstoffe-1-aufl-p-744-4-vgl-auch-harz-samenkunde-ii-p-985-image179977472.html 3D Letter H with abstract biological texture 3D Letter H with abstract biological texturehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/3d-letter-h-with-abstract-biological-texture-image212474664.html Elementary botany . elementarybotany00atki Year: 1898 FURTHER STUDIES ON GYMNOSPERMS. 215 developed entirely inside of the macrosporangium, and derives the nutriment for its growth from the cycas plant, which is the Fig. 279. Macrosporangium ot Cycas revoluta Fig. 280. Roentgen photograph of same, show- ing female prothallium. sporophyte. Archegonia are developed in this internal mass of cells. This aids us in deter- mining that it is the prothal- lium. In cycas it is also called endosperm, just as in the pines. 430. If we cut open one of the mature ovules, we can see the en- dosperm (prot Elementary botany . elementarybotany00atki Year: 1898 FURTHER STUDIES ON GYMNOSPERMS. 215 developed entirely inside of the macrosporangium, and derives the nutriment for its growth from the cycas plant, which is the Fig. 279. Macrosporangium ot Cycas revoluta Fig. 280. Roentgen photograph of same, show- ing female prothallium. sporophyte. Archegonia are developed in this internal mass of cells. This aids us in deter- mining that it is the prothal- lium. In cycas it is also called endosperm, just as in the pines. 430. If we cut open one of the mature ovules, we can see the en- dosperm (prothttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elementary-botany-elementarybotany00atki-year-1898-further-studies-on-gymnosperms-215-developed-entirely-inside-of-the-macrosporangium-and-derives-the-nutriment-for-its-growth-from-the-cycas-plant-which-is-the-fig-279-macrosporangium-ot-cycas-revoluta-fig-280-roentgen-photograph-of-same-show-ing-female-prothallium-sporophyte-archegonia-are-developed-in-this-internal-mass-of-cells-this-aids-us-in-deter-mining-that-it-is-the-prothal-lium-in-cycas-it-is-also-called-endosperm-just-as-in-the-pines-430-if-we-cut-open-one-of-the-mature-ovules-we-can-see-the-en-dosperm-prot-image241025670.html Macro photograph of coffee beans on top of a pile Macro photograph of coffee beans on top of a pilehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/macro-photograph-of-coffee-beans-on-top-of-a-pile-image337215391.html . Text-book of botany, morphological and physiological. Botany. 534 PHANEROGAMS. ANGIOSPERMS1. Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons are distinguished from Gymnosperms by the following characters :—their ovules are formed within a receptacle, the Ovary ; the endosperm originates in the embryo-sac only after fertilisation,—characteristics, the importance of which has already been shown in the general introduction to Phanerogams. Concurrently with these distinctions there are however a number of other peculiarities in these plants taken as a whole which distinguish them from. FIG. 3$].—Akebia guinata; . Text-book of botany, morphological and physiological. Botany. 534 PHANEROGAMS. ANGIOSPERMS1. Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons are distinguished from Gymnosperms by the following characters :—their ovules are formed within a receptacle, the Ovary ; the endosperm originates in the embryo-sac only after fertilisation,—characteristics, the importance of which has already been shown in the general introduction to Phanerogams. Concurrently with these distinctions there are however a number of other peculiarities in these plants taken as a whole which distinguish them from. FIG. 3$].—Akebia guinata;https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/text-book-of-botany-morphological-and-physiological-botany-534-phanerogams-angiosperms1-monocotyledons-and-dicotyledons-are-distinguished-from-gymnosperms-by-the-following-characters-their-ovules-are-formed-within-a-receptacle-the-ovary-the-endosperm-originates-in-the-embryo-sac-only-after-fertilisationcharacteristics-the-importance-of-which-has-already-been-shown-in-the-general-introduction-to-phanerogams-concurrently-with-these-distinctions-there-are-however-a-number-of-other-peculiarities-in-these-plants-taken-as-a-whole-which-distinguish-them-from-fig-3-akebia-guinata-image237842087.html . How crops grow. A treatise on the chemical composition, structure, and life of the plant, for all students of agriculture ... Agricultural chemistry; Growth (Plants). EEPEODTJCTITB OEGANS OF PLANTS. 303 the other grains is the embryo. Its form is with difficulty distinguishable in the dry seeds, but when they have been soaked for several days in water, it is readily removed from the accompanying endosperm, and plainly exhibits its three parts, viz., the radicle, the plumule, and the cotyledon. In fig. 63 is represented the embryo of maize. In A and S it is seen in section imbedded in the end . How crops grow. A treatise on the chemical composition, structure, and life of the plant, for all students of agriculture ... Agricultural chemistry; Growth (Plants). EEPEODTJCTITB OEGANS OF PLANTS. 303 the other grains is the embryo. Its form is with difficulty distinguishable in the dry seeds, but when they have been soaked for several days in water, it is readily removed from the accompanying endosperm, and plainly exhibits its three parts, viz., the radicle, the plumule, and the cotyledon. In fig. 63 is represented the embryo of maize. In A and S it is seen in section imbedded in the endhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/how-crops-grow-a-treatise-on-the-chemical-composition-structure-and-life-of-the-plant-for-all-students-of-agriculture-agricultural-chemistry-growth-plants-eepeodtjctitb-oegans-of-plants-303-the-other-grains-is-the-embryo-its-form-is-with-difficulty-distinguishable-in-the-dry-seeds-but-when-they-have-been-soaked-for-several-days-in-water-it-is-readily-removed-from-the-accompanying-endosperm-and-plainly-exhibits-its-three-parts-viz-the-radicle-the-plumule-and-the-cotyledon-in-fig-63-is-represented-the-embryo-of-maize-in-a-and-s-it-is-seen-in-section-imbedded-in-the-end-image216440064.html . Elementary botany . Fig. 304, Two- ami four-celled stage of embryo-sac of lilium. The middle one shows di ision nuclei to form the four-celled stage. (.Easter lily.) sperms, and in the angiosperms, fertilization, as we have seen, consists in the fusion oi a male nucleus with a female nucleus. Fertilization, then, in plants is identical with that which takes place in animals. 458. Embryo.—After fertilization the egg develops into a short row of cells, the suspensor of the embryo. At the free end the embyro develops. In figs. 309 and 310 is a young embryo of trillium. 459. Endosperm, the matu . Elementary botany . Fig. 304, Two- ami four-celled stage of embryo-sac of lilium. The middle one shows di ision nuclei to form the four-celled stage. (.Easter lily.) sperms, and in the angiosperms, fertilization, as we have seen, consists in the fusion oi a male nucleus with a female nucleus. Fertilization, then, in plants is identical with that which takes place in animals. 458. Embryo.—After fertilization the egg develops into a short row of cells, the suspensor of the embryo. At the free end the embyro develops. In figs. 309 and 310 is a young embryo of trillium. 459. Endosperm, the matuhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elementary-botany-fig-304-two-ami-four-celled-stage-of-embryo-sac-of-lilium-the-middle-one-shows-di-ision-nuclei-to-form-the-four-celled-stage-easter-lily-sperms-and-in-the-angiosperms-fertilization-as-we-have-seen-consists-in-the-fusion-oi-a-male-nucleus-with-a-female-nucleus-fertilization-then-in-plants-is-identical-with-that-which-takes-place-in-animals-458-embryoafter-fertilization-the-egg-develops-into-a-short-row-of-cells-the-suspensor-of-the-embryo-at-the-free-end-the-embyro-develops-in-figs-309-and-310-is-a-young-embryo-of-trillium-459-endosperm-the-matu-image178428995.html 3D Letter U with abstract biological texture 3D Letter U with abstract biological texturehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/3d-letter-u-with-abstract-biological-texture-image212474787.html Elements of biology; a practical Elements of biology; a practical text-book correlating botany, zoology, and human physiology elementsofbiolog00hunt Year: [c1907] Seeds And seedlings 75 at first they seemed to serve as leaves, later becoming absorbed as food by the growing seed. In the pea the cotyledons serve as food, but remain under ground. In the corn the single cotyledon serves as an organ for digesting and absorbing food from the storehouse of food known as the endosperm. Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons. — Plants that bear seeds having but a single cotyledon are called monocotyledons. T Elements of biology; a practical Elements of biology; a practical text-book correlating botany, zoology, and human physiology elementsofbiolog00hunt Year: [c1907] Seeds And seedlings 75 at first they seemed to serve as leaves, later becoming absorbed as food by the growing seed. In the pea the cotyledons serve as food, but remain under ground. In the corn the single cotyledon serves as an organ for digesting and absorbing food from the storehouse of food known as the endosperm. Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons. — Plants that bear seeds having but a single cotyledon are called monocotyledons. Thttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elements-of-biology-a-practical-elements-of-biology-a-practical-text-book-correlating-botany-zoology-and-human-physiology-elementsofbiolog00hunt-year-c1907-seeds-and-seedlings-75-at-first-they-seemed-to-serve-as-leaves-later-becoming-absorbed-as-food-by-the-growing-seed-in-the-pea-the-cotyledons-serve-as-food-but-remain-under-ground-in-the-corn-the-single-cotyledon-serves-as-an-organ-for-digesting-and-absorbing-food-from-the-storehouse-of-food-known-as-the-endosperm-monocotyledons-and-dicotyledons-plants-that-bear-seeds-having-but-a-single-cotyledon-are-called-monocotyledons-t-image239578525.html Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white background Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white backgroundhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/macro-photograph-of-coffee-beans-isolated-over-a-white-background-image337215251.html . The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. CYTOKINESIS IN ENDOSPERM 195 Routinely each preparation was completely scanned by overlapping traverses and the location of suitable cells for further observation and photography noted. Such scanning was completed in approximately five minutes. It is emphasized that all of the stages described were regularly observed during the preliminary scan- ning, long before there were evidences of abnormality. The investigation extended through twro summers. Seventy cells were followed in detail, and 13 divisions recorded photographica . The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. CYTOKINESIS IN ENDOSPERM 195 Routinely each preparation was completely scanned by overlapping traverses and the location of suitable cells for further observation and photography noted. Such scanning was completed in approximately five minutes. It is emphasized that all of the stages described were regularly observed during the preliminary scan- ning, long before there were evidences of abnormality. The investigation extended through twro summers. Seventy cells were followed in detail, and 13 divisions recorded photographicahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-biological-bulletin-biology-zoology-biology-marine-biology-cytokinesis-in-endosperm-195-routinely-each-preparation-was-completely-scanned-by-overlapping-traverses-and-the-location-of-suitable-cells-for-further-observation-and-photography-noted-such-scanning-was-completed-in-approximately-five-minutes-it-is-emphasized-that-all-of-the-stages-described-were-regularly-observed-during-the-preliminary-scan-ning-long-before-there-were-evidences-of-abnormality-the-investigation-extended-through-twro-summers-seventy-cells-were-followed-in-detail-and-13-divisions-recorded-photographica-image234664504.html . The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. Upper end of embryo-sac of the same as observed immediately before impregnation, 250 diam. The tubular germ-cell, the lower end of which is embedded in the nucleated cells of the endosperm, occupies its axis. latter, which is the parent cell of the embryo, is divided by a vertical septum into two hemispheres. In these two new septa are formed, also vertical, but at right angles to. The same immediately after imjtrt-gnatiim. The germ-cell is now divided by a transverse sep- tum into two compartments, the inferior of which . The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. Upper end of embryo-sac of the same as observed immediately before impregnation, 250 diam. The tubular germ-cell, the lower end of which is embedded in the nucleated cells of the endosperm, occupies its axis. latter, which is the parent cell of the embryo, is divided by a vertical septum into two hemispheres. In these two new septa are formed, also vertical, but at right angles to. The same immediately after imjtrt-gnatiim. The germ-cell is now divided by a transverse sep- tum into two compartments, the inferior of whichhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-cyclopdia-of-anatomy-and-physiology-anatomy-physiology-zoology-upper-end-of-embryo-sac-of-the-same-as-observed-immediately-before-impregnation-250-diam-the-tubular-germ-cell-the-lower-end-of-which-is-embedded-in-the-nucleated-cells-of-the-endosperm-occupies-its-axis-latter-which-is-the-parent-cell-of-the-embryo-is-divided-by-a-vertical-septum-into-two-hemispheres-in-these-two-new-septa-are-formed-also-vertical-but-at-right-angles-to-the-same-immediately-after-imjtrt-gnatiim-the-germ-cell-is-now-divided-by-a-transverse-sep-tum-into-two-compartments-the-inferior-of-which-image216210246.html . Fig. 280. Vergr. 350. Stsamnm tndicnm, weißer Same. Partie eines Querschnittes in der Leisten- gegend, sa Samenscliale: 1 Palisadenschicht, AVKalziumoxalatdrusen, l Leiste, 2 einreihiges Parenchym, 3 obliteriertes Gewebe (in Chlorzinkjod gelb). — e« Endosperm: ve stark verdickte Außenmembran der ersten Zellreihe, der dicke Strich die gut entwickelte Kutikula. — Ko Keimblatt: ep Epidermis der Außen-, ep' solche der Innenseite, pa Palisadenparenchym, r typisches Parenchym. Durchmesser haltende, an der Oberfläche mit verschieden orientierten Linien gezeich- nete Kalziumoxalatmasse (Fig. ^80Kr), . Fig. 280. Vergr. 350. Stsamnm tndicnm, weißer Same. Partie eines Querschnittes in der Leisten- gegend, sa Samenscliale: 1 Palisadenschicht, AVKalziumoxalatdrusen, l Leiste, 2 einreihiges Parenchym, 3 obliteriertes Gewebe (in Chlorzinkjod gelb). — e« Endosperm: ve stark verdickte Außenmembran der ersten Zellreihe, der dicke Strich die gut entwickelte Kutikula. — Ko Keimblatt: ep Epidermis der Außen-, ep' solche der Innenseite, pa Palisadenparenchym, r typisches Parenchym. Durchmesser haltende, an der Oberfläche mit verschieden orientierten Linien gezeich- nete Kalziumoxalatmasse (Fig. ^80Kr),https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/fig-280-vergr-350-stsamnm-tndicnm-weier-same-partie-eines-querschnittes-in-der-leisten-gegend-sa-samenscliale-1-palisadenschicht-avkalziumoxalatdrusen-l-leiste-2-einreihiges-parenchym-3-obliteriertes-gewebe-in-chlorzinkjod-gelb-e-endosperm-ve-stark-verdickte-auenmembran-der-ersten-zellreihe-der-dicke-strich-die-gut-entwickelte-kutikula-ko-keimblatt-ep-epidermis-der-auen-ep-solche-der-innenseite-pa-palisadenparenchym-r-typisches-parenchym-durchmesser-haltende-an-der-oberflche-mit-verschieden-orientierten-linien-gezeich-nete-kalziumoxalatmasse-fig-80kr-image179976219.html 3D Letter point with abstract biological texture 3D Letter point with abstract biological texturehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/3d-letter-point-with-abstract-biological-texture-image212474558.html The elements of botany for The elements of botany for beginners and for schools elementsbotany00gray Year: 1887 3S6. The Kernel, or Nucleus, is the whole body of the seed withiu tlie coats. Ill many seeds the ker- nel is all Embryo; in others a large part of it is the Al- bumen. For example, in Fig. 423, it is wholly embryo; in Fig. 422, all but the small speck (^(j) is albumen. 387. The Albumen or Endosperm of the seed is sufficiently charac- terized and its ofHcc cxphiiued in Sect. 111., 31-35. 388. The Embryo or Germ, wliich is the rudimentary plantlet and the final result of blossoming, a The elements of botany for The elements of botany for beginners and for schools elementsbotany00gray Year: 1887 3S6. The Kernel, or Nucleus, is the whole body of the seed withiu tlie coats. Ill many seeds the ker- nel is all Embryo; in others a large part of it is the Al- bumen. For example, in Fig. 423, it is wholly embryo; in Fig. 422, all but the small speck (^(j) is albumen. 387. The Albumen or Endosperm of the seed is sufficiently charac- terized and its ofHcc cxphiiued in Sect. 111., 31-35. 388. The Embryo or Germ, wliich is the rudimentary plantlet and the final result of blossoming, ahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-elements-of-botany-for-the-elements-of-botany-for-beginners-and-for-schools-elementsbotany00gray-year-1887-3s6-the-kernel-or-nucleus-is-the-whole-body-of-the-seed-withiu-tlie-coats-ill-many-seeds-the-ker-nel-is-all-embryo-in-others-a-large-part-of-it-is-the-al-bumen-for-example-in-fig-423-it-is-wholly-embryo-in-fig-422-all-but-the-small-speck-j-is-albumen-387-the-albumen-or-endosperm-of-the-seed-is-sufficiently-charac-terized-and-its-ofhcc-cxphiiued-in-sect-111-31-35-388-the-embryo-or-germ-wliich-is-the-rudimentary-plantlet-and-the-final-result-of-blossoming-a-image239595860.html Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white background Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white backgroundhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/macro-photograph-of-coffee-beans-isolated-over-a-white-background-image337215271.html . The botany of crop plants : a text and reference book. Botany, Economic. The grass fruit is called a grain or caryopsis. There is an abundance of starchy endosperm. Sometimes the grain is closely adherent to the palet and lemma, as in most barleys and oats. Phylogeny of Grasses.—The history of the evolution of a group of organ- isms is phylogeny. What is the origin of the grasses? Are they primitive forms, the progenitors of such closely related groups as the lihes and other common monocotyledonous plants; or are they a reduced group? By those who hold the latter view, which is more widely a . The botany of crop plants : a text and reference book. Botany, Economic. The grass fruit is called a grain or caryopsis. There is an abundance of starchy endosperm. Sometimes the grain is closely adherent to the palet and lemma, as in most barleys and oats. Phylogeny of Grasses.—The history of the evolution of a group of organ- isms is phylogeny. What is the origin of the grasses? Are they primitive forms, the progenitors of such closely related groups as the lihes and other common monocotyledonous plants; or are they a reduced group? By those who hold the latter view, which is more widely ahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-botany-of-crop-plants-a-text-and-reference-book-botany-economic-the-grass-fruit-is-called-a-grain-or-caryopsis-there-is-an-abundance-of-starchy-endosperm-sometimes-the-grain-is-closely-adherent-to-the-palet-and-lemma-as-in-most-barleys-and-oats-phylogeny-of-grassesthe-history-of-the-evolution-of-a-group-of-organ-isms-is-phylogeny-what-is-the-origin-of-the-grasses-are-they-primitive-forms-the-progenitors-of-such-closely-related-groups-as-the-lihes-and-other-common-monocotyledonous-plants-or-are-they-a-reduced-group-by-those-who-hold-the-latter-view-which-is-more-widely-a-image231979307.html . Morphology of gymnosperms. Gymnosperms; Plant morphology. CYCADALES 139 I S3 to the endosperm, contains a substance related to pectin, toward the middle the pectin is replaced by cellulose, and the cellulose is replaced in turn by suberin in the outer part of the endospore, where it borders upon the suberized exo- spore. In structure the endospore is rather homogeneous, while the exospore is formed of little columns or fibrillae, which give it a dis- tinctly striated appearance (fig. 152). The outer walls of the endosperm cells bordering upon the endospore become suberized, and might some- t . Morphology of gymnosperms. Gymnosperms; Plant morphology. CYCADALES 139 I S3 to the endosperm, contains a substance related to pectin, toward the middle the pectin is replaced by cellulose, and the cellulose is replaced in turn by suberin in the outer part of the endospore, where it borders upon the suberized exo- spore. In structure the endospore is rather homogeneous, while the exospore is formed of little columns or fibrillae, which give it a dis- tinctly striated appearance (fig. 152). The outer walls of the endosperm cells bordering upon the endospore become suberized, and might some- thttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/morphology-of-gymnosperms-gymnosperms-plant-morphology-cycadales-139-i-s3-to-the-endosperm-contains-a-substance-related-to-pectin-toward-the-middle-the-pectin-is-replaced-by-cellulose-and-the-cellulose-is-replaced-in-turn-by-suberin-in-the-outer-part-of-the-endospore-where-it-borders-upon-the-suberized-exo-spore-in-structure-the-endospore-is-rather-homogeneous-while-the-exospore-is-formed-of-little-columns-or-fibrillae-which-give-it-a-dis-tinctly-striated-appearance-fig-152-the-outer-walls-of-the-endosperm-cells-bordering-upon-the-endospore-become-suberized-and-might-some-t-image216418026.html . Elementary botany . ^AreH Fig. 272. Last division of the egg in the white pine cutting off the ventral canal cell at the apex of the archegonium. End, endosperm; Arch, archegonium. theridium. there being no wall formed. The sperm mother cell also passes down the tubular sac, and divides again into two sperm cells, as shown in fig. 270. About this time, or rather a little earlier, with the pollen tube part way through the nucellar cap, winter overtakes it, and all growth ceases until the following spring. 426. Fertilization.—In the spring the advance of the pollen tube con- tinues, and it fin . Elementary botany . ^AreH Fig. 272. Last division of the egg in the white pine cutting off the ventral canal cell at the apex of the archegonium. End, endosperm; Arch, archegonium. theridium. there being no wall formed. The sperm mother cell also passes down the tubular sac, and divides again into two sperm cells, as shown in fig. 270. About this time, or rather a little earlier, with the pollen tube part way through the nucellar cap, winter overtakes it, and all growth ceases until the following spring. 426. Fertilization.—In the spring the advance of the pollen tube con- tinues, and it finhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elementary-botany-areh-fig-272-last-division-of-the-egg-in-the-white-pine-cutting-off-the-ventral-canal-cell-at-the-apex-of-the-archegonium-end-endosperm-arch-archegonium-theridium-there-being-no-wall-formed-the-sperm-mother-cell-also-passes-down-the-tubular-sac-and-divides-again-into-two-sperm-cells-as-shown-in-fig-270-about-this-time-or-rather-a-little-earlier-with-the-pollen-tube-part-way-through-the-nucellar-cap-winter-overtakes-it-and-all-growth-ceases-until-the-following-spring-426-fertilizationin-the-spring-the-advance-of-the-pollen-tube-con-tinues-and-it-fin-image178405298.html 3D Letter I with abstract biological texture 3D Letter I with abstract biological texturehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/3d-letter-i-with-abstract-biological-texture-image212474667.html Elements of biology; a practical Elements of biology; a practical text-book correlating botany, zoology, and human physiology elementsofbiolog00hunt Year: [c1907] 76 BOTANY endosperm. If the student is a vefy careful observer, he may be able to make out the number of cotyledons in the young plant. There are fifteen seed leaves in one common species of pine. The number and position are better seen in a young seedling of three or four weeks' growth. The Uses of Seeds. — Some of the uses of seeds to man have already been noted. A seed is a very young plant usually provided with a store of foo Elements of biology; a practical Elements of biology; a practical text-book correlating botany, zoology, and human physiology elementsofbiolog00hunt Year: [c1907] 76 BOTANY endosperm. If the student is a vefy careful observer, he may be able to make out the number of cotyledons in the young plant. There are fifteen seed leaves in one common species of pine. The number and position are better seen in a young seedling of three or four weeks' growth. The Uses of Seeds. — Some of the uses of seeds to man have already been noted. A seed is a very young plant usually provided with a store of foohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elements-of-biology-a-practical-elements-of-biology-a-practical-text-book-correlating-botany-zoology-and-human-physiology-elementsofbiolog00hunt-year-c1907-76-botany-endosperm-if-the-student-is-a-vefy-careful-observer-he-may-be-able-to-make-out-the-number-of-cotyledons-in-the-young-plant-there-are-fifteen-seed-leaves-in-one-common-species-of-pine-the-number-and-position-are-better-seen-in-a-young-seedling-of-three-or-four-weeks-growth-the-uses-of-seeds-some-of-the-uses-of-seeds-to-man-have-already-been-noted-a-seed-is-a-very-young-plant-usually-provided-with-a-store-of-foo-image239578772.html Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white background Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white backgroundhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/macro-photograph-of-coffee-beans-isolated-over-a-white-background-image337215253.html . The microscopy of vegetable foods, with special reference to the detection of adulteration and the diagnosis of mixtures . cIlow, but docs not affect the middle lamella. The Perispenn is often evident in section after soaking in dilutealkah, but is rarely seen in surface view. Endosperm (Fig. 44). i. Ttte Aleurone Layer (al) differs from thatof all other cereals in that it is two to four cell-rows thick. In crosssection the cells are square or radially extended, but in surface view,. . The microscopy of vegetable foods, with special reference to the detection of adulteration and the diagnosis of mixtures . cIlow, but docs not affect the middle lamella. The Perispenn is often evident in section after soaking in dilutealkah, but is rarely seen in surface view. Endosperm (Fig. 44). i. Ttte Aleurone Layer (al) differs from thatof all other cereals in that it is two to four cell-rows thick. In crosssection the cells are square or radially extended, but in surface view,.https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-microscopy-of-vegetable-foods-with-special-reference-to-the-detection-of-adulteration-and-the-diagnosis-of-mixtures-cilow-but-docs-not-affect-the-middle-lamella-the-perispenn-is-often-evident-in-section-after-soaking-in-dilutealkah-but-is-rarely-seen-in-surface-view-endosperm-fig-44-i-ttte-aleurone-layer-al-differs-from-thatof-all-other-cereals-in-that-it-is-two-to-four-cell-rows-thick-in-crosssection-the-cells-are-square-or-radially-extended-but-in-surface-view-image369633230.html . Photomicrographs of botanical studies. Photomicrography. Epidermis. 4 Cells containing starch. Vascular bundle. 99.—T.S. Seed of " Ricinus communis," Castor Oil plant.. f^ Endosperm cells, containing proten, crystals and aleurone- grains.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Flatters, Milborne & McKechnie Ltd. Manchester : Flaters, Milborne & McKechnie . Photomicrographs of botanical studies. Photomicrography. Epidermis. 4 Cells containing starch. Vascular bundle. 99.—T.S. Seed of " Ricinus communis," Castor Oil plant.. f^ Endosperm cells, containing proten, crystals and aleurone- grains.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Flatters, Milborne & McKechnie Ltd. Manchester : Flaters, Milborne & McKechniehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/photomicrographs-of-botanical-studies-photomicrography-epidermis-4-cells-containing-starch-vascular-bundle-99ts-seed-of-quot-ricinus-communisquot-castor-oil-plant-f-endosperm-cells-containing-proten-crystals-and-aleurone-grains-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-flatters-milborne-amp-mckechnie-ltd-manchester-flaters-milborne-amp-mckechnie-image216360368.html . â ^^- Fig. 323. A Natürl. GröÃe. Chinesische Gelbbeere, stark geschrumpft, die Kelchzipfel abgebrochen. B Vergr. 20U. Saraenoberhaut von der Fläche gesehen. C Vergr. 200. Partie eines Querschnittes durch die Samenhaut und einen Teil des Endosperms. e Oberhaut, s kollabierte Schicht der Samenhaut, £ Endosperm. (Nach A. Yogi.) i) Lot OS, Zeitschr. f. Naturwissenschaften, 1871, p. 182 ff. 2) Zur Kenntnis der Strukturverhältnisse fossiler Pflanzen. Bot. Ztg. 1877, p. 393â401. . â ^^- Fig. 323. A Natürl. GröÃe. Chinesische Gelbbeere, stark geschrumpft, die Kelchzipfel abgebrochen. B Vergr. 20U. Saraenoberhaut von der Fläche gesehen. C Vergr. 200. Partie eines Querschnittes durch die Samenhaut und einen Teil des Endosperms. e Oberhaut, s kollabierte Schicht der Samenhaut, £ Endosperm. (Nach A. Yogi.) i) Lot OS, Zeitschr. f. Naturwissenschaften, 1871, p. 182 ff. 2) Zur Kenntnis der Strukturverhältnisse fossiler Pflanzen. Bot. Ztg. 1877, p. 393â401.https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/fig-323-a-natrl-gre-chinesische-gelbbeere-stark-geschrumpft-die-kelchzipfel-abgebrochen-b-vergr-20u-saraenoberhaut-von-der-flche-gesehen-c-vergr-200-partie-eines-querschnittes-durch-die-samenhaut-und-einen-teil-des-endosperms-e-oberhaut-s-kollabierte-schicht-der-samenhaut-endosperm-nach-a-yogi-i-lot-os-zeitschr-f-naturwissenschaften-1871-p-182-ff-2-zur-kenntnis-der-strukturverhltnisse-fossiler-pflanzen-bot-ztg-1877-p-393401-image179976075.html 3D Letter O with abstract biological texture 3D Letter O with abstract biological texturehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/3d-letter-o-with-abstract-biological-texture-image212474728.html Elements of biology; a practical Elements of biology; a practical text-book correlating botany, zoology, and human physiology elementsofbiolog00hunt Year: [c1907] SEEDS AND SEEDLINGS 73 Endosperm the Food Supply of Corn. — We do not find that the one cotyledon of the corn grain serves the same purpose to the young plant as did the two cotyledons of the bean. Although we find a little starch in the corn cotyledon, still it is evident from our tests that the endosperm is the chief source of food supply. The study of a thin section of the corn grain under the compound microscope shows us that th Elements of biology; a practical Elements of biology; a practical text-book correlating botany, zoology, and human physiology elementsofbiolog00hunt Year: [c1907] SEEDS AND SEEDLINGS 73 Endosperm the Food Supply of Corn. — We do not find that the one cotyledon of the corn grain serves the same purpose to the young plant as did the two cotyledons of the bean. Although we find a little starch in the corn cotyledon, still it is evident from our tests that the endosperm is the chief source of food supply. The study of a thin section of the corn grain under the compound microscope shows us that thhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elements-of-biology-a-practical-elements-of-biology-a-practical-text-book-correlating-botany-zoology-and-human-physiology-elementsofbiolog00hunt-year-c1907-seeds-and-seedlings-73-endosperm-the-food-supply-of-corn-we-do-not-find-that-the-one-cotyledon-of-the-corn-grain-serves-the-same-purpose-to-the-young-plant-as-did-the-two-cotyledons-of-the-bean-although-we-find-a-little-starch-in-the-corn-cotyledon-still-it-is-evident-from-our-tests-that-the-endosperm-is-the-chief-source-of-food-supply-the-study-of-a-thin-section-of-the-corn-grain-under-the-compound-microscope-shows-us-that-th-image239578059.html Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white background Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white backgroundhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/macro-photograph-of-coffee-beans-isolated-over-a-white-background-image337215256.html . Physiological botany; I. Outlines of the histology of phænogamous plants. II. Vegetable physiology. Plant physiology; Plant anatomy. angiosperms shows that in the latter the nucleus divides, but that the division stops here, no true dividing-wall being formed. 1134. Ovule of (jymiiosperms. Ttie ovule is always ortliotropous. It has an integument which is sometimes prolonged so as to form a flesly tube communicating with the nucellus. The nucellus, like that of angiosperms, contains an embryonal sac; at an early stage this is filled with endosperm, which it will be remembered is not developed . Physiological botany; I. Outlines of the histology of phænogamous plants. II. Vegetable physiology. Plant physiology; Plant anatomy. angiosperms shows that in the latter the nucleus divides, but that the division stops here, no true dividing-wall being formed. 1134. Ovule of (jymiiosperms. Ttie ovule is always ortliotropous. It has an integument which is sometimes prolonged so as to form a flesly tube communicating with the nucellus. The nucellus, like that of angiosperms, contains an embryonal sac; at an early stage this is filled with endosperm, which it will be remembered is not developedhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/physiological-botany-i-outlines-of-the-histology-of-phnogamous-plants-ii-vegetable-physiology-plant-physiology-plant-anatomy-angiosperms-shows-that-in-the-latter-the-nucleus-divides-but-that-the-division-stops-here-no-true-dividing-wall-being-formed-1134-ovule-of-jymiiosperms-ttie-ovule-is-always-ortliotropous-it-has-an-integument-which-is-sometimes-prolonged-so-as-to-form-a-flesly-tube-communicating-with-the-nucellus-the-nucellus-like-that-of-angiosperms-contains-an-embryonal-sac-at-an-early-stage-this-is-filled-with-endosperm-which-it-will-be-remembered-is-not-developed-image232108314.html . Botany for agricultural students . Botany. 466 SPERMATOPHYTES (SEED PLANTS) connection with double fertilization it should be noted that the endosperm nucleus contains the contents of three nuclei, since it is a product of a triple fusion, involving a sperm and the two polar nuclei. Embryo. — The first cells produced by the division of the fer- tilized egg form a filament which pushes down into the embryo sac. This filament is called the proembryo. The terminal cell of the proembryo develops the embryo, while the remainder of the filament remains as a stalk called suspensor. After the termi- . Botany for agricultural students . Botany. 466 SPERMATOPHYTES (SEED PLANTS) connection with double fertilization it should be noted that the endosperm nucleus contains the contents of three nuclei, since it is a product of a triple fusion, involving a sperm and the two polar nuclei. Embryo. — The first cells produced by the division of the fer- tilized egg form a filament which pushes down into the embryo sac. This filament is called the proembryo. The terminal cell of the proembryo develops the embryo, while the remainder of the filament remains as a stalk called suspensor. After the termi-https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/botany-for-agricultural-students-botany-466-spermatophytes-seed-plants-connection-with-double-fertilization-it-should-be-noted-that-the-endosperm-nucleus-contains-the-contents-of-three-nuclei-since-it-is-a-product-of-a-triple-fusion-involving-a-sperm-and-the-two-polar-nuclei-embryo-the-first-cells-produced-by-the-division-of-the-fer-tilized-egg-form-a-filament-which-pushes-down-into-the-embryo-sac-this-filament-is-called-the-proembryo-the-terminal-cell-of-the-proembryo-develops-the-embryo-while-the-remainder-of-the-filament-remains-as-a-stalk-called-suspensor-after-the-termi-image216443496.html . Elementary principles of agriculture; a text book for the common schools . 18. Corn. The corn " grain " is covered with a clear skin, or seed-coat.* If we cut through a corn grain, as shown in Fig. 9, we see a yellowish oily germ, or embryo, on one side, and a large starchy mass of additional reserve food stored back of the germ. When the re- serve food is stored outside of the germ, it is called endosperm. The endosperm in the corn grain exists in two layers, one of which is starchy and loose, and the other clear and hard. 19. Cotton. In cotton, the seed-coat is covered with a lay . Elementary principles of agriculture; a text book for the common schools . 18. Corn. The corn " grain " is covered with a clear skin, or seed-coat.* If we cut through a corn grain, as shown in Fig. 9, we see a yellowish oily germ, or embryo, on one side, and a large starchy mass of additional reserve food stored back of the germ. When the re- serve food is stored outside of the germ, it is called endosperm. The endosperm in the corn grain exists in two layers, one of which is starchy and loose, and the other clear and hard. 19. Cotton. In cotton, the seed-coat is covered with a layhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elementary-principles-of-agriculture-a-text-book-for-the-common-schools-18-corn-the-corn-quot-grain-quot-is-covered-with-a-clear-skin-or-seed-coat-if-we-cut-through-a-corn-grain-as-shown-in-fig-9-we-see-a-yellowish-oily-germ-or-embryo-on-one-side-and-a-large-starchy-mass-of-additional-reserve-food-stored-back-of-the-germ-when-the-re-serve-food-is-stored-outside-of-the-germ-it-is-called-endosperm-the-endosperm-in-the-corn-grain-exists-in-two-layers-one-of-which-is-starchy-and-loose-and-the-other-clear-and-hard-19-cotton-in-cotton-the-seed-coat-is-covered-with-a-lay-image178403440.html 3D Letter N with abstract biological texture 3D Letter N with abstract biological texturehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/3d-letter-n-with-abstract-biological-texture-image212474726.html Elementary botany (1898) Elementary botany elementarybotany00atki Year: 1898 GAMETOPHYTE AND SPOROPHYTE. 231 synergids. The egg cell is all that remains of the archegonium in this reduced prothallium. The three nuclei at the lower end are the antipodal cells. Fig. 302. Podophyllum peltatum, ovule containing mature embryo sac ; two synergids and egg at left, endosperm nucleus in center, three antipodal cells at right. 455. Embryo sac is the young female prothallium.—In figures 303, 305 are shown the different stages in the develop- ment of the embryo sac in lilium. The embryo sac at this st Elementary botany (1898) Elementary botany elementarybotany00atki Year: 1898 GAMETOPHYTE AND SPOROPHYTE. 231 synergids. The egg cell is all that remains of the archegonium in this reduced prothallium. The three nuclei at the lower end are the antipodal cells. Fig. 302. Podophyllum peltatum, ovule containing mature embryo sac ; two synergids and egg at left, endosperm nucleus in center, three antipodal cells at right. 455. Embryo sac is the young female prothallium.—In figures 303, 305 are shown the different stages in the develop- ment of the embryo sac in lilium. The embryo sac at this sthttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elementary-botany-1898-elementary-botany-elementarybotany00atki-year-1898-gametophyte-and-sporophyte-231-synergids-the-egg-cell-is-all-that-remains-of-the-archegonium-in-this-reduced-prothallium-the-three-nuclei-at-the-lower-end-are-the-antipodal-cells-fig-302-podophyllum-peltatum-ovule-containing-mature-embryo-sac-two-synergids-and-egg-at-left-endosperm-nucleus-in-center-three-antipodal-cells-at-right-455-embryo-sac-is-the-young-female-prothalliumin-figures-303-305-are-shown-the-different-stages-in-the-develop-ment-of-the-embryo-sac-in-lilium-the-embryo-sac-at-this-st-image239636117.html Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white background Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white backgroundhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/macro-photograph-of-coffee-beans-isolated-over-a-white-background-image337215269.html . The microscope and its revelations. free-cell forma-tion is always connected, directly or indirectly, with a process ofreproduction rather than of growth, and takes two different forms,the one occurring in the production of the zoospores or ; swarm-spores of alga?, the other in the formation of pollen-grains, or of the endosperm withinthe embryo-sac of floweringplants. In the formercase, the endosperm, in-stead of dividing itself intotwo halves, usually breaksup into numerous segmentscorresponding with oneanother in size and form,each of which, escapingfrom the parent - cavity,becomes an ind . The microscope and its revelations. free-cell forma-tion is always connected, directly or indirectly, with a process ofreproduction rather than of growth, and takes two different forms,the one occurring in the production of the zoospores or ; swarm-spores of alga?, the other in the formation of pollen-grains, or of the endosperm withinthe embryo-sac of floweringplants. In the formercase, the endosperm, in-stead of dividing itself intotwo halves, usually breaksup into numerous segmentscorresponding with oneanother in size and form,each of which, escapingfrom the parent - cavity,becomes an indhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-microscope-and-its-revelations-free-cell-forma-tion-is-always-connected-directly-or-indirectly-with-a-process-ofreproduction-rather-than-of-growth-and-takes-two-different-formsthe-one-occurring-in-the-production-of-the-zoospores-or-swarm-spores-of-alga-the-other-in-the-formation-of-pollen-grains-or-of-the-endosperm-withinthe-embryo-sac-of-floweringplants-in-the-formercase-the-endosperm-in-stead-of-dividing-itself-intotwo-halves-usually-breaksup-into-numerous-segmentscorresponding-with-oneanother-in-size-and-formeach-of-which-escapingfrom-the-parent-cavitybecomes-an-ind-image370308363.html . Cytology, with special reference to the metazoan nucleus. Cells; Cytology. MEIOTIC PHASE IN PLANTS 213 At fertilization the two male gamete nuclei which are formed in each pollen grain are both introduced into the embryo-sac ; one fuses with the ovum nucleus to produce the zygote, while the other fuses with the central fusion nucleus, forming thus a triploid nucleus. This afterwards gives rise to the endosperm, or reserve food material of the seed. For a more detailed account of the gametophyte and fertilization in the flowering plants the reader is referred to any comprehensive work on bota . Cytology, with special reference to the metazoan nucleus. Cells; Cytology. MEIOTIC PHASE IN PLANTS 213 At fertilization the two male gamete nuclei which are formed in each pollen grain are both introduced into the embryo-sac ; one fuses with the ovum nucleus to produce the zygote, while the other fuses with the central fusion nucleus, forming thus a triploid nucleus. This afterwards gives rise to the endosperm, or reserve food material of the seed. For a more detailed account of the gametophyte and fertilization in the flowering plants the reader is referred to any comprehensive work on botahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/cytology-with-special-reference-to-the-metazoan-nucleus-cells-cytology-meiotic-phase-in-plants-213-at-fertilization-the-two-male-gamete-nuclei-which-are-formed-in-each-pollen-grain-are-both-introduced-into-the-embryo-sac-one-fuses-with-the-ovum-nucleus-to-produce-the-zygote-while-the-other-fuses-with-the-central-fusion-nucleus-forming-thus-a-triploid-nucleus-this-afterwards-gives-rise-to-the-endosperm-or-reserve-food-material-of-the-seed-for-a-more-detailed-account-of-the-gametophyte-and-fertilization-in-the-flowering-plants-the-reader-is-referred-to-any-comprehensive-work-on-bota-image216167737.html . Fig. 3ol. Madia autua L. Partie eines Querschnittes durch die Fruchtsamenschale, e Epidermis, S( subepidermale Schicht, ph Phytomelanschieht,, b Bastfaserbündel, sa Samenschale mit Spiroideu- bündel g, (ii Endosperm. Es wurde eine Stelle gewählt, an der zwei Bastfaserhündel etwas weiter voneinander abstehen, um das dazwischenliegende Parenchym in seinem Übergang zum Innenparenchym p zu zeigen. Yergr. 400. (Original von Hanausek und Weese.l grob porösen Zellen besteht. Nach aufwärts gehen diese in schmale langgestreckte, unregelmäßig gestaltete, verästelte, dünnwandige, fein ge- tüpfelte, wie . Fig. 3ol. Madia autua L. Partie eines Querschnittes durch die Fruchtsamenschale, e Epidermis, S( subepidermale Schicht, ph Phytomelanschieht,, b Bastfaserbündel, sa Samenschale mit Spiroideu- bündel g, (ii Endosperm. Es wurde eine Stelle gewählt, an der zwei Bastfaserhündel etwas weiter voneinander abstehen, um das dazwischenliegende Parenchym in seinem Übergang zum Innenparenchym p zu zeigen. Yergr. 400. (Original von Hanausek und Weese.l grob porösen Zellen besteht. Nach aufwärts gehen diese in schmale langgestreckte, unregelmäßig gestaltete, verästelte, dünnwandige, fein ge- tüpfelte, wiehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/fig-3ol-madia-autua-l-partie-eines-querschnittes-durch-die-fruchtsamenschale-e-epidermis-s-subepidermale-schicht-ph-phytomelanschieht-b-bastfaserbndel-sa-samenschale-mit-spiroideu-bndel-g-ii-endosperm-es-wurde-eine-stelle-gewhlt-an-der-zwei-bastfaserhndel-etwas-weiter-voneinander-abstehen-um-das-dazwischenliegende-parenchym-in-seinem-bergang-zum-innenparenchym-p-zu-zeigen-yergr-400-original-von-hanausek-und-weesel-grob-porsen-zellen-besteht-nach-aufwrts-gehen-diese-in-schmale-langgestreckte-unregelmig-gestaltete-verstelte-dnnwandige-fein-ge-tpfelte-wie-image179976052.html 3D Letter S with abstract biological texture 3D Letter S with abstract biological texturehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/3d-letter-s-with-abstract-biological-texture-image212474777.html Elementary botany . elementarybotany00atki Year: 1898 Fig. 279. Macrosporangium ot Cycas revoluta Fig. 280. Roentgen photograph of same, show- ing female prothallium. sporophyte. Archegonia are developed in this internal mass of cells. This aids us in deter- mining that it is the prothal- lium. In cycas it is also called endosperm, just as in the pines. 430. If we cut open one of the mature ovules, we can see the en- dosperm (prothallium) as a whitish mass of tissue. Immediately sur- rounding it at maturity is a thin, papery tissue, the remains of the nucellus (macrosporangium), and outside o Elementary botany . elementarybotany00atki Year: 1898 Fig. 279. Macrosporangium ot Cycas revoluta Fig. 280. Roentgen photograph of same, show- ing female prothallium. sporophyte. Archegonia are developed in this internal mass of cells. This aids us in deter- mining that it is the prothal- lium. In cycas it is also called endosperm, just as in the pines. 430. If we cut open one of the mature ovules, we can see the en- dosperm (prothallium) as a whitish mass of tissue. Immediately sur- rounding it at maturity is a thin, papery tissue, the remains of the nucellus (macrosporangium), and outside ohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elementary-botany-elementarybotany00atki-year-1898-fig-279-macrosporangium-ot-cycas-revoluta-fig-280-roentgen-photograph-of-same-show-ing-female-prothallium-sporophyte-archegonia-are-developed-in-this-internal-mass-of-cells-this-aids-us-in-deter-mining-that-it-is-the-prothal-lium-in-cycas-it-is-also-called-endosperm-just-as-in-the-pines-430-if-we-cut-open-one-of-the-mature-ovules-we-can-see-the-en-dosperm-prothallium-as-a-whitish-mass-of-tissue-immediately-sur-rounding-it-at-maturity-is-a-thin-papery-tissue-the-remains-of-the-nucellus-macrosporangium-and-outside-o-image241025671.html Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white background Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white backgroundhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/macro-photograph-of-coffee-beans-isolated-over-a-white-background-image337215301.html . Coffee : a monograph of the economic species of the genus Coffea L.. Coffee; Caffeine; Coffeehouses. PLATE 55 A: COFFEA LI BE RICA BULL Epidermis and Outer Endosperm:—Transverse Section. Magnification 500 X.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Cheney, Ralph Holt, 1896-. New York : New York University Press . Coffee : a monograph of the economic species of the genus Coffea L.. Coffee; Caffeine; Coffeehouses. PLATE 55 A: COFFEA LI BE RICA BULL Epidermis and Outer Endosperm:—Transverse Section. Magnification 500 X.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Cheney, Ralph Holt, 1896-. New York : New York University Presshttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/coffee-a-monograph-of-the-economic-species-of-the-genus-coffea-l-coffee-caffeine-coffeehouses-plate-55-a-coffea-li-be-rica-bull-epidermis-and-outer-endospermtransverse-section-magnification-500-x-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-cheney-ralph-holt-1896-new-york-new-york-university-press-image232744777.html . Plant life and plant uses; an elementary textbook, a foundation for the study of agriculture, domestic science or college botany. Botany. THE NATURE OF SEEDS 341 hole made with the point of a needle. The nucellus dis- appears. Its place is taken by the tissue called endosperm, or, in the absence of endosperm, by the enlarged cotyle- dons. (See page 66.) Cotyledons are sometimes called seed leaves. At first they do not have the appearance of. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance o . Plant life and plant uses; an elementary textbook, a foundation for the study of agriculture, domestic science or college botany. Botany. THE NATURE OF SEEDS 341 hole made with the point of a needle. The nucellus dis- appears. Its place is taken by the tissue called endosperm, or, in the absence of endosperm, by the enlarged cotyle- dons. (See page 66.) Cotyledons are sometimes called seed leaves. At first they do not have the appearance of. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance ohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/plant-life-and-plant-uses-an-elementary-textbook-a-foundation-for-the-study-of-agriculture-domestic-science-or-college-botany-botany-the-nature-of-seeds-341-hole-made-with-the-point-of-a-needle-the-nucellus-dis-appears-its-place-is-taken-by-the-tissue-called-endosperm-or-in-the-absence-of-endosperm-by-the-enlarged-cotyle-dons-see-page-66-cotyledons-are-sometimes-called-seed-leaves-at-first-they-do-not-have-the-appearance-of-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-o-image216447389.html . Effective farming; a text-book for American schools . Fig. 2. — Cross-section of a germinating maiz > kernel. A, endosperm; Cot, cotyledon ; Cau, caulicle, or radicle ; PI, plumule. some seeds, like those of the sweet pea, will sprout at a rela- tively low temperature, while others, cotton for example, re- quire a higher temperature. Seeds will not sprout in a medium that does not contain oxygen. In soil of good tilth air, and therefore oxygen, is present in the spaces between the soil particles. In a soil saturated with water, the air has been crowded out and seeds planted in such soil w . Effective farming; a text-book for American schools . Fig. 2. — Cross-section of a germinating maiz > kernel. A, endosperm; Cot, cotyledon ; Cau, caulicle, or radicle ; PI, plumule. some seeds, like those of the sweet pea, will sprout at a rela- tively low temperature, while others, cotton for example, re- quire a higher temperature. Seeds will not sprout in a medium that does not contain oxygen. In soil of good tilth air, and therefore oxygen, is present in the spaces between the soil particles. In a soil saturated with water, the air has been crowded out and seeds planted in such soil whttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/effective-farming-a-text-book-for-american-schools-fig-2-cross-section-of-a-germinating-maiz-gt-kernel-a-endosperm-cot-cotyledon-cau-caulicle-or-radicle-pi-plumule-some-seeds-like-those-of-the-sweet-pea-will-sprout-at-a-rela-tively-low-temperature-while-others-cotton-for-example-re-quire-a-higher-temperature-seeds-will-not-sprout-in-a-medium-that-does-not-contain-oxygen-in-soil-of-good-tilth-air-and-therefore-oxygen-is-present-in-the-spaces-between-the-soil-particles-in-a-soil-saturated-with-water-the-air-has-been-crowded-out-and-seeds-planted-in-such-soil-w-image178407435.html 3D Letter F with abstract biological texture 3D Letter F with abstract biological texturehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/3d-letter-f-with-abstract-biological-texture-image212474637.html Elements of biology; a practical Elements of biology; a practical text-book correlating botany, zoology, and human physiology elementsofbiolog00hunt Year: [c1907] Arrangement of embryo in endosperm (Gray) ; a, morn- ing glory; b, barberry; c, potato; d, four o'clock. A cornfield, showing staminate and pistillate flowers. The Corn. — The ear of corn is not a single fruit, but a large number of fruits in a cluster, like, for example, a bunch of bananas. 1 For laboiatory work on the castor bean, see Hunter and Vah^ntine, Manual, page 19. Elements of biology; a practical Elements of biology; a practical text-book correlating botany, zoology, and human physiology elementsofbiolog00hunt Year: [c1907] Arrangement of embryo in endosperm (Gray) ; a, morn- ing glory; b, barberry; c, potato; d, four o'clock. A cornfield, showing staminate and pistillate flowers. The Corn. — The ear of corn is not a single fruit, but a large number of fruits in a cluster, like, for example, a bunch of bananas. 1 For laboiatory work on the castor bean, see Hunter and Vah^ntine, Manual, page 19.https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elements-of-biology-a-practical-elements-of-biology-a-practical-text-book-correlating-botany-zoology-and-human-physiology-elementsofbiolog00hunt-year-c1907-arrangement-of-embryo-in-endosperm-gray-a-morn-ing-glory-b-barberry-c-potato-d-four-oclock-a-cornfield-showing-staminate-and-pistillate-flowers-the-corn-the-ear-of-corn-is-not-a-single-fruit-but-a-large-number-of-fruits-in-a-cluster-like-for-example-a-bunch-of-bananas-1-for-laboiatory-work-on-the-castor-bean-see-hunter-and-vahntine-manual-page-19-image239577420.html Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white background Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white backgroundhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/macro-photograph-of-coffee-beans-isolated-over-a-white-background-image337215245.html . The essentials of botany. Botany. 266 BOTANY. endosperm is very often rudimentary or entirely wanting, and the embryo is generally large. Sub-Class I. The Monocotyledons. Monocotyledonecs. 503. The first leaves of the embryo are alternate ; hence we say that they have one cotyledon. The venation of the leaves is for the most part such that the veins run more or less parallel to one another, and when they join each other enclose four-sided spaces; rarely, however, their veins are irregularly distributed and form an irregular network. 504. The germination of Monocotyledons may be illus- trated . The essentials of botany. Botany. 266 BOTANY. endosperm is very often rudimentary or entirely wanting, and the embryo is generally large. Sub-Class I. The Monocotyledons. Monocotyledonecs. 503. The first leaves of the embryo are alternate ; hence we say that they have one cotyledon. The venation of the leaves is for the most part such that the veins run more or less parallel to one another, and when they join each other enclose four-sided spaces; rarely, however, their veins are irregularly distributed and form an irregular network. 504. The germination of Monocotyledons may be illus- tratedhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-essentials-of-botany-botany-266-botany-endosperm-is-very-often-rudimentary-or-entirely-wanting-and-the-embryo-is-generally-large-sub-class-i-the-monocotyledons-monocotyledonecs-503-the-first-leaves-of-the-embryo-are-alternate-hence-we-say-that-they-have-one-cotyledon-the-venation-of-the-leaves-is-for-the-most-part-such-that-the-veins-run-more-or-less-parallel-to-one-another-and-when-they-join-each-other-enclose-four-sided-spaces-rarely-however-their-veins-are-irregularly-distributed-and-form-an-irregular-network-504-the-germination-of-monocotyledons-may-be-illus-trated-image232314523.html . Morphology of gymnosperms. Gymnosperms; Plant morphology. 204 MORPHOLOGY OF GYMNOSPERMS and occasionally a multinucleate cell is observed; but in mature endosperm tissue the cells are uninucleate. Whether this is due to disorganization or fusion of nuclei, or to additional wall-formation, was not determined. Centripetal growth of the endosperm is rapid through July and August, the sac being filled with tissue by the last week of August. In the closure of the tissue at the center of the sac, there is no formation of a common wall, but two distinct abutting walls are formed, so that even in th . Morphology of gymnosperms. Gymnosperms; Plant morphology. 204 MORPHOLOGY OF GYMNOSPERMS and occasionally a multinucleate cell is observed; but in mature endosperm tissue the cells are uninucleate. Whether this is due to disorganization or fusion of nuclei, or to additional wall-formation, was not determined. Centripetal growth of the endosperm is rapid through July and August, the sac being filled with tissue by the last week of August. In the closure of the tissue at the center of the sac, there is no formation of a common wall, but two distinct abutting walls are formed, so that even in thhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/morphology-of-gymnosperms-gymnosperms-plant-morphology-204-morphology-of-gymnosperms-and-occasionally-a-multinucleate-cell-is-observed-but-in-mature-endosperm-tissue-the-cells-are-uninucleate-whether-this-is-due-to-disorganization-or-fusion-of-nuclei-or-to-additional-wall-formation-was-not-determined-centripetal-growth-of-the-endosperm-is-rapid-through-july-and-august-the-sac-being-filled-with-tissue-by-the-last-week-of-august-in-the-closure-of-the-tissue-at-the-center-of-the-sac-there-is-no-formation-of-a-common-wall-but-two-distinct-abutting-walls-are-formed-so-that-even-in-th-image216399120.html . Fig. 169. Sumpfformation am Mwera-Pond auf Sansibar mit Bestand von Typhonodorum Lind- leyanum Schott. Im Vordergrund links und rechts ein fruchttragendes Exemplar, in der Mitte ein blühendes. Original. schließt einen bis 5,5 dm langen Kolben ein, an welchem oberhalb der fertilen männlichen Inflorescenz noch ein langer kegelförmiger Teil Synandrodien trägt. Die Gattung ist besonders noch charakterisiert durch große verkehrt-eiförmige Beeren, welche einen verkehrt-eiförmigen Samen einschließen, dessen Embryo vermittelst eines fast kugeligen Saugers das Endosperm vor dem Austreten aus der dünn . Fig. 169. Sumpfformation am Mwera-Pond auf Sansibar mit Bestand von Typhonodorum Lind- leyanum Schott. Im Vordergrund links und rechts ein fruchttragendes Exemplar, in der Mitte ein blühendes. Original. schließt einen bis 5,5 dm langen Kolben ein, an welchem oberhalb der fertilen männlichen Inflorescenz noch ein langer kegelförmiger Teil Synandrodien trägt. Die Gattung ist besonders noch charakterisiert durch große verkehrt-eiförmige Beeren, welche einen verkehrt-eiförmigen Samen einschließen, dessen Embryo vermittelst eines fast kugeligen Saugers das Endosperm vor dem Austreten aus der dünnhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/fig-169-sumpfformation-am-mwera-pond-auf-sansibar-mit-bestand-von-typhonodorum-lind-leyanum-schott-im-vordergrund-links-und-rechts-ein-fruchttragendes-exemplar-in-der-mitte-ein-blhendes-original-schliet-einen-bis-55-dm-langen-kolben-ein-an-welchem-oberhalb-der-fertilen-mnnlichen-inflorescenz-noch-ein-langer-kegelfrmiger-teil-synandrodien-trgt-die-gattung-ist-besonders-noch-charakterisiert-durch-groe-verkehrt-eifrmige-beeren-welche-einen-verkehrt-eifrmigen-samen-einschlieen-dessen-embryo-vermittelst-eines-fast-kugeligen-saugers-das-endosperm-vor-dem-austreten-aus-der-dnn-image179993093.html 3D Letter Y with abstract biological texture 3D Letter Y with abstract biological texturehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/3d-letter-y-with-abstract-biological-texture-image212474828.html The elements of botany for The elements of botany for beginners and for schools elementsbotany00gray Year: 1887 SECTION 15.] EMBRYO. 127 3S6. The Kernel, or Nucleus, is the whole body of the seed withiu tlie coats. Ill many seeds the ker- nel is all Embryo; in others a large part of it is the Al- bumen. For example, in Fig. 423, it is wholly embryo; in Fig. 422, all but the small speck (^(j) is albumen. 387. The Albumen or Endosperm of the seed is sufficiently charac- terized and its ofHcc cxphiiued in Sect. 111., 31-35. 388. The Embryo or Germ, wliich is the rudimentary plantlet and the f The elements of botany for The elements of botany for beginners and for schools elementsbotany00gray Year: 1887 SECTION 15.] EMBRYO. 127 3S6. The Kernel, or Nucleus, is the whole body of the seed withiu tlie coats. Ill many seeds the ker- nel is all Embryo; in others a large part of it is the Al- bumen. For example, in Fig. 423, it is wholly embryo; in Fig. 422, all but the small speck (^(j) is albumen. 387. The Albumen or Endosperm of the seed is sufficiently charac- terized and its ofHcc cxphiiued in Sect. 111., 31-35. 388. The Embryo or Germ, wliich is the rudimentary plantlet and the fhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-elements-of-botany-for-the-elements-of-botany-for-beginners-and-for-schools-elementsbotany00gray-year-1887-section-15-embryo-127-3s6-the-kernel-or-nucleus-is-the-whole-body-of-the-seed-withiu-tlie-coats-ill-many-seeds-the-ker-nel-is-all-embryo-in-others-a-large-part-of-it-is-the-al-bumen-for-example-in-fig-423-it-is-wholly-embryo-in-fig-422-all-but-the-small-speck-j-is-albumen-387-the-albumen-or-endosperm-of-the-seed-is-sufficiently-charac-terized-and-its-ofhcc-cxphiiued-in-sect-111-31-35-388-the-embryo-or-germ-wliich-is-the-rudimentary-plantlet-and-the-f-image239595849.html Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white background Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white backgroundhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/macro-photograph-of-coffee-beans-isolated-over-a-white-background-image337215250.html . Botany for agricultural students . Botany. THE RESULTS OF POLLINATION 51 The effect of fertilization in reference to the influence which the sperms have upon the character of the endosperm of the seed and upon the character of the plant which the embryo of the seed will produce is a sub- ject receiving much attention in plant-breed- ing. The endosperm nucleus consists of a sperm and a primary endosperm nucleus, each of which is capable of determining the character of the endosperm. Likewise, in the fertilized egg, the contents of both sperm and egg are capable of determining the characterist . Botany for agricultural students . Botany. THE RESULTS OF POLLINATION 51 The effect of fertilization in reference to the influence which the sperms have upon the character of the endosperm of the seed and upon the character of the plant which the embryo of the seed will produce is a sub- ject receiving much attention in plant-breed- ing. The endosperm nucleus consists of a sperm and a primary endosperm nucleus, each of which is capable of determining the character of the endosperm. Likewise, in the fertilized egg, the contents of both sperm and egg are capable of determining the characteristhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/botany-for-agricultural-students-botany-the-results-of-pollination-51-the-effect-of-fertilization-in-reference-to-the-influence-which-the-sperms-have-upon-the-character-of-the-endosperm-of-the-seed-and-upon-the-character-of-the-plant-which-the-embryo-of-the-seed-will-produce-is-a-sub-ject-receiving-much-attention-in-plant-breed-ing-the-endosperm-nucleus-consists-of-a-sperm-and-a-primary-endosperm-nucleus-each-of-which-is-capable-of-determining-the-character-of-the-endosperm-likewise-in-the-fertilized-egg-the-contents-of-both-sperm-and-egg-are-capable-of-determining-the-characterist-image232031609.html . Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. 580 FERTILIZATION FERTILIZERS (c?, Pig. 816) fuses with the nucleus of the egg ( 9, Fig. 816), and fertilization is complete. The other, hereto- fore supposed to be disorganized, is now said to fuse with'the endosperm nucleus (e, Fig. 816). The fer- tilize'd egg begins at once to grow and forms the em-. 816. Pa . Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. 580 FERTILIZATION FERTILIZERS (c?, Pig. 816) fuses with the nucleus of the egg ( 9, Fig. 816), and fertilization is complete. The other, hereto- fore supposed to be disorganized, is now said to fuse with'the endosperm nucleus (e, Fig. 816). The fer- tilize'd egg begins at once to grow and forms the em-. 816. Pahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/cyclopedia-of-american-horticulture-comprising-suggestions-for-cultivation-of-horticultural-plants-descriptions-of-the-species-of-fruits-vegetables-flowers-and-ornamental-plants-sold-in-the-united-states-and-canada-together-with-geographical-and-biographical-sketches-gardening-580-fertilization-fertilizers-c-pig-816-fuses-with-the-nucleus-of-the-egg-9-fig-816-and-fertilization-is-complete-the-other-hereto-fore-supposed-to-be-disorganized-is-now-said-to-fuse-withthe-endosperm-nucleus-e-fig-816-the-fer-tilized-egg-begins-at-once-to-grow-and-forms-the-em-816-pa-image216186825.html . Fig.271. Vergr. 300. Tonkaboline. Partie eines Querschnittes durch die Samen- schale. 1 Palisadenoherhaut mit c Kntikula; la die obere Hälfte der Palisadenzellen mit den Yerdickungsleisten (es sind der Deutlich- keit halber nur zwei seitliche und eine mitt- lere gezeichnet), Ib der dünnwandige Fußteü der Palisaden; 2 Spulenzellen, 3 Schwamm- parenehym, bei 3a sehr zusammengepreßt und zum Teil obliteriert (Nährschicht); 4 Pigment- schicht (Innenepidermis); 5 Aleuronschicht (Nuzellarrest); G hyaline Schicht (Endosperm). achtung. Die Epidermis der Samenschale (Fig. 271) besteht aus einer Reihe . Fig.271. Vergr. 300. Tonkaboline. Partie eines Querschnittes durch die Samen- schale. 1 Palisadenoherhaut mit c Kntikula; la die obere Hälfte der Palisadenzellen mit den Yerdickungsleisten (es sind der Deutlich- keit halber nur zwei seitliche und eine mitt- lere gezeichnet), Ib der dünnwandige Fußteü der Palisaden; 2 Spulenzellen, 3 Schwamm- parenehym, bei 3a sehr zusammengepreßt und zum Teil obliteriert (Nährschicht); 4 Pigment- schicht (Innenepidermis); 5 Aleuronschicht (Nuzellarrest); G hyaline Schicht (Endosperm). achtung. Die Epidermis der Samenschale (Fig. 271) besteht aus einer Reihe https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/fig271-vergr-300-tonkaboline-partie-eines-querschnittes-durch-die-samen-schale-1-palisadenoherhaut-mit-c-kntikula-la-die-obere-hlfte-der-palisadenzellen-mit-den-yerdickungsleisten-es-sind-der-deutlich-keit-halber-nur-zwei-seitliche-und-eine-mitt-lere-gezeichnet-ib-der-dnnwandige-fute-der-palisaden-2-spulenzellen-3-schwamm-parenehym-bei-3a-sehr-zusammengepret-und-zum-teil-obliteriert-nhrschicht-4-pigment-schicht-innenepidermis-5-aleuronschicht-nuzellarrest-g-hyaline-schicht-endosperm-achtung-die-epidermis-der-samenschale-fig-271-besteht-aus-einer-reihe-image179976256.html 3D Letter P with abstract biological texture 3D Letter P with abstract biological texturehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/3d-letter-p-with-abstract-biological-texture-image212474737.html An illustrated flora of the An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions : from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102nd meridian ed2illustratedflo02brit Year: 1913 Genus i. SACRED BEAN FAMILY. n 00, distinct, contained in pits in the large convex receptacle. Style short; ovules i or 2, pen- dulous or anatropous; endosperm none; cotyledons thick, fleshy. Nuts globose or oblong. [Ceylon name for A'. Nelumbo.] A genus of i or 3 species, one North American, one Jamaican, the other An illustrated flora of the An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions : from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102nd meridian ed2illustratedflo02brit Year: 1913 Genus i. SACRED BEAN FAMILY. n 00, distinct, contained in pits in the large convex receptacle. Style short; ovules i or 2, pen- dulous or anatropous; endosperm none; cotyledons thick, fleshy. Nuts globose or oblong. [Ceylon name for A'. Nelumbo.] A genus of i or 3 species, one North American, one Jamaican, the otherhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/an-illustrated-flora-of-the-an-illustrated-flora-of-the-northern-united-states-canada-and-the-british-possessions-from-newfoundland-to-the-parallel-of-the-southern-boundary-of-virginia-and-from-the-atlantic-ocean-westward-to-the-102nd-meridian-ed2illustratedflo02brit-year-1913-genus-i-sacred-bean-family-n-00-distinct-contained-in-pits-in-the-large-convex-receptacle-style-short-ovules-i-or-2-pen-dulous-or-anatropous-endosperm-none-cotyledons-thick-fleshy-nuts-globose-or-oblong-ceylon-name-for-a-nelumbo-a-genus-of-i-or-3-species-one-north-american-one-jamaican-the-other-image239850623.html Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white background Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white backgroundhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/macro-photograph-of-coffee-beans-isolated-over-a-white-background-image337215357.html . Physiological botany; I. Outlines of the histology of phænogamous plants. II. Vegetable physiology. Plant physiology; Plant anatomy. 438 EEPEODUCTION.. angiosperms shows that in the latter the nucleus divides, but that the division stops here, no true dividing-wall being formed. 1134. Ovule of (jymiiosperms. Ttie ovule is always ortliotropous. It has an integument which is sometimes prolonged so as to form a flesly tube communicating with the nucellus. The nucellus, like that of angiosperms, contains an embryonal sac; at an early stage this is filled with endosperm, which it will be remember . Physiological botany; I. Outlines of the histology of phænogamous plants. II. Vegetable physiology. Plant physiology; Plant anatomy. 438 EEPEODUCTION.. angiosperms shows that in the latter the nucleus divides, but that the division stops here, no true dividing-wall being formed. 1134. Ovule of (jymiiosperms. Ttie ovule is always ortliotropous. It has an integument which is sometimes prolonged so as to form a flesly tube communicating with the nucellus. The nucellus, like that of angiosperms, contains an embryonal sac; at an early stage this is filled with endosperm, which it will be rememberhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/physiological-botany-i-outlines-of-the-histology-of-phnogamous-plants-ii-vegetable-physiology-plant-physiology-plant-anatomy-438-eepeoduction-angiosperms-shows-that-in-the-latter-the-nucleus-divides-but-that-the-division-stops-here-no-true-dividing-wall-being-formed-1134-ovule-of-jymiiosperms-ttie-ovule-is-always-ortliotropous-it-has-an-integument-which-is-sometimes-prolonged-so-as-to-form-a-flesly-tube-communicating-with-the-nucellus-the-nucellus-like-that-of-angiosperms-contains-an-embryonal-sac-at-an-early-stage-this-is-filled-with-endosperm-which-it-will-be-remember-image232108317.html . Morphology of gymnosperms. Gymnosperms; Plant morphology. CONIFERALES (TAXACEAE) 349 drical mass of meristematic cells, and this cylinder invades the endo- sperm, its basal cells contributing to the suspensor. Later, growing points are organized, the root tip being deep in the cylinder, and the two concave cotyledons completely surrounding the stem tip. The peculiarity of the embryo-formation in Cephalotaxus (25, 124, 130) has been m.entioned, in which the terminal cells of the proembryo form a persistent cap for the embryo during its advance through the endosperm. That this same feature app . Morphology of gymnosperms. Gymnosperms; Plant morphology. CONIFERALES (TAXACEAE) 349 drical mass of meristematic cells, and this cylinder invades the endo- sperm, its basal cells contributing to the suspensor. Later, growing points are organized, the root tip being deep in the cylinder, and the two concave cotyledons completely surrounding the stem tip. The peculiarity of the embryo-formation in Cephalotaxus (25, 124, 130) has been m.entioned, in which the terminal cells of the proembryo form a persistent cap for the embryo during its advance through the endosperm. That this same feature apphttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/morphology-of-gymnosperms-gymnosperms-plant-morphology-coniferales-taxaceae-349-drical-mass-of-meristematic-cells-and-this-cylinder-invades-the-endo-sperm-its-basal-cells-contributing-to-the-suspensor-later-growing-points-are-organized-the-root-tip-being-deep-in-the-cylinder-and-the-two-concave-cotyledons-completely-surrounding-the-stem-tip-the-peculiarity-of-the-embryo-formation-in-cephalotaxus-25-124-130-has-been-mentioned-in-which-the-terminal-cells-of-the-proembryo-form-a-persistent-cap-for-the-embryo-during-its-advance-through-the-endosperm-that-this-same-feature-app-image216417353.html . Fig. 242. Vergr. 350. Sesamum indkum , -neisser Same. Partie eines Querschnittes in der Leisten- gegend, sa Samenschale: 1 Palissadenschicht, Kr Oalciumoxalatdrusen, l Leiste, 2 einreihiges Paren- chym, 3 ohliterirtes Gewehe (in Chlorzinkjod gelb). — en Endosperm: ve stark verdickte Aussenmem- Tiran der ersten Zellreihe, der dicke Strich die gut entwickelte Cuticula. — Ko Keimblatt: ep Epidermis der Aussen-, c/<' solche der Innenseite, ^a Palissadenparenchym, r typisches Parenchym. 4) Flückiger, Zur Kenntniss des Sesamsamens. Schweizerische Wochenschrift für Pharmacie, 1865, Nr. 37, p. 28 . Fig. 242. Vergr. 350. Sesamum indkum , -neisser Same. Partie eines Querschnittes in der Leisten- gegend, sa Samenschale: 1 Palissadenschicht, Kr Oalciumoxalatdrusen, l Leiste, 2 einreihiges Paren- chym, 3 ohliterirtes Gewehe (in Chlorzinkjod gelb). — en Endosperm: ve stark verdickte Aussenmem- Tiran der ersten Zellreihe, der dicke Strich die gut entwickelte Cuticula. — Ko Keimblatt: ep Epidermis der Aussen-, c/<' solche der Innenseite, ^a Palissadenparenchym, r typisches Parenchym. 4) Flückiger, Zur Kenntniss des Sesamsamens. Schweizerische Wochenschrift für Pharmacie, 1865, Nr. 37, p. 28https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/fig-242-vergr-350-sesamum-indkum-neisser-same-partie-eines-querschnittes-in-der-leisten-gegend-sa-samenschale-1-palissadenschicht-kr-oalciumoxalatdrusen-l-leiste-2-einreihiges-paren-chym-3-ohliterirtes-gewehe-in-chlorzinkjod-gelb-en-endosperm-ve-stark-verdickte-aussenmem-tiran-der-ersten-zellreihe-der-dicke-strich-die-gut-entwickelte-cuticula-ko-keimblatt-ep-epidermis-der-aussen-clt-solche-der-innenseite-a-palissadenparenchym-r-typisches-parenchym-4-flckiger-zur-kenntniss-des-sesamsamens-schweizerische-wochenschrift-fr-pharmacie-1865-nr-37-p-28-image179977485.html 3D Letter E with abstract biological texture 3D Letter E with abstract biological texturehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/3d-letter-e-with-abstract-biological-texture-image212474622.html Elements of biology; a practical Elements of biology; a practical text-book correlating botany, zoology, and human physiology elementsofbiolog00hunt Year: [c1907] The use of the endosperm to the corn; A, seedhngs without endosperm; B, seedlings with starch in place of endosperm; normal seedlings at the center. Make drawings at the end of two weeks to explain your re- sults. Of what use is the endosperm? Can the seed- ling make use of the food supply given it in the corn- starch paste ? Other Foods in Corn Grain. — Other foods be- sides starch and sugar are present in the corn grain. A test fo Elements of biology; a practical Elements of biology; a practical text-book correlating botany, zoology, and human physiology elementsofbiolog00hunt Year: [c1907] The use of the endosperm to the corn; A, seedhngs without endosperm; B, seedlings with starch in place of endosperm; normal seedlings at the center. Make drawings at the end of two weeks to explain your re- sults. Of what use is the endosperm? Can the seed- ling make use of the food supply given it in the corn- starch paste ? Other Foods in Corn Grain. — Other foods be- sides starch and sugar are present in the corn grain. A test fohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elements-of-biology-a-practical-elements-of-biology-a-practical-text-book-correlating-botany-zoology-and-human-physiology-elementsofbiolog00hunt-year-c1907-the-use-of-the-endosperm-to-the-corn-a-seedhngs-without-endosperm-b-seedlings-with-starch-in-place-of-endosperm-normal-seedlings-at-the-center-make-drawings-at-the-end-of-two-weeks-to-explain-your-re-sults-of-what-use-is-the-endosperm-can-the-seed-ling-make-use-of-the-food-supply-given-it-in-the-corn-starch-paste-other-foods-in-corn-grain-other-foods-be-sides-starch-and-sugar-are-present-in-the-corn-grain-a-test-fo-image239578352.html Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white background Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white backgroundhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/macro-photograph-of-coffee-beans-isolated-over-a-white-background-image337215252.html . Coffee : a monograph of the economic species of the genus Coffea L.. Coffee; Caffeine; Coffeehouses. PLATE 54 A: COFFEA ARABIC A L. Epidermis and Endosperm:—Transverse Section. Magnification 500 X. <1. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Cheney, Ralph Holt, 1896-. New York : New York University Press . Coffee : a monograph of the economic species of the genus Coffea L.. Coffee; Caffeine; Coffeehouses. PLATE 54 A: COFFEA ARABIC A L. Epidermis and Endosperm:—Transverse Section. Magnification 500 X. <1. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Cheney, Ralph Holt, 1896-. New York : New York University Presshttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/coffee-a-monograph-of-the-economic-species-of-the-genus-coffea-l-coffee-caffeine-coffeehouses-plate-54-a-coffea-arabic-a-l-epidermis-and-endospermtransverse-section-magnification-500-x-lt1-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-cheney-ralph-holt-1896-new-york-new-york-university-press-image232744792.html . Lectures on the evolution of plants. Botany; Plants. SEED PLANTS 165. goniatse, and the egg thereupon begins to grow and develops into the embryo-sporophyte, while the sur- rounding cells of the gametophj'te become filled with food-materials and are known as the " endosperm." The wall of the sporan- gium now hardens, while the outer tissues of the integument become pulpy^ so that the ripened seed looks very much like the fleshy fruit of a plum or cherry. That the Cycads represent a very an- cient type is shown by their fossil re- mains, which indicate that during the Mes- ozoic age . Lectures on the evolution of plants. Botany; Plants. SEED PLANTS 165. goniatse, and the egg thereupon begins to grow and develops into the embryo-sporophyte, while the sur- rounding cells of the gametophj'te become filled with food-materials and are known as the " endosperm." The wall of the sporan- gium now hardens, while the outer tissues of the integument become pulpy^ so that the ripened seed looks very much like the fleshy fruit of a plum or cherry. That the Cycads represent a very an- cient type is shown by their fossil re- mains, which indicate that during the Mes- ozoic agehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/lectures-on-the-evolution-of-plants-botany-plants-seed-plants-165-goniatse-and-the-egg-thereupon-begins-to-grow-and-develops-into-the-embryo-sporophyte-while-the-sur-rounding-cells-of-the-gametophjte-become-filled-with-food-materials-and-are-known-as-the-quot-endospermquot-the-wall-of-the-sporan-gium-now-hardens-while-the-outer-tissues-of-the-integument-become-pulpy-so-that-the-ripened-seed-looks-very-much-like-the-fleshy-fruit-of-a-plum-or-cherry-that-the-cycads-represent-a-very-an-cient-type-is-shown-by-their-fossil-re-mains-which-indicate-that-during-the-mes-ozoic-age-image216402019.html . mit einem Pölsterchen verdickt und da- selbst nimmt die Pigmentschicht den Charakter eines Schwamm-,oder Stern- parenchyms mit zahlreichen Intercellularen an Fig. 23S. Vergr. 300. Gossypiitm herha- cenm. Partie eines Querschnittes durch die Samenschale und das Endosperm. a Epidermis mit Haar h, h (erste) Pig- mentschicht, c farblose od. Krystallschicht, d Palissadenschicht, bei * das Lumen, e zweite Pigraentschicht (die grossen Inter- cellularräurae sind nur an einer bestimm- ten, inselartig isolirten Stelle der Samen- schale vorhanden), sa Fransenzellen (Nu- cellarepithel), ep erste Schicht . mit einem Pölsterchen verdickt und da- selbst nimmt die Pigmentschicht den Charakter eines Schwamm-,oder Stern- parenchyms mit zahlreichen Intercellularen an Fig. 23S. Vergr. 300. Gossypiitm herha- cenm. Partie eines Querschnittes durch die Samenschale und das Endosperm. a Epidermis mit Haar h, h (erste) Pig- mentschicht, c farblose od. Krystallschicht, d Palissadenschicht, bei * das Lumen, e zweite Pigraentschicht (die grossen Inter- cellularräurae sind nur an einer bestimm- ten, inselartig isolirten Stelle der Samen- schale vorhanden), sa Fransenzellen (Nu- cellarepithel), ep erste Schichthttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/mit-einem-plsterchen-verdickt-und-da-selbst-nimmt-die-pigmentschicht-den-charakter-eines-schwamm-oder-stern-parenchyms-mit-zahlreichen-intercellularen-an-fig-23s-vergr-300-gossypiitm-herha-cenm-partie-eines-querschnittes-durch-die-samenschale-und-das-endosperm-a-epidermis-mit-haar-h-h-erste-pig-mentschicht-c-farblose-od-krystallschicht-d-palissadenschicht-bei-das-lumen-e-zweite-pigraentschicht-die-grossen-inter-cellularrurae-sind-nur-an-einer-bestimm-ten-inselartig-isolirten-stelle-der-samen-schale-vorhanden-sa-fransenzellen-nu-cellarepithel-ep-erste-schicht-image179977502.html 3D Letter V with abstract biological texture 3D Letter V with abstract biological texturehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/3d-letter-v-with-abstract-biological-texture-image212474801.html An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions : from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102nd meridian ed2illustratedflo02brit Year: 1913 Genus i. SACRED BEAN FAMILY. n 00, distinct, contained in pits in the large convex receptacle. Style short; ovules i or 2, pen- dulous or anatropous; endosperm none; cotyledons thick, fleshy. Nuts globose or oblong. [Ceylon name for A'. Nelumbo.] A genus of i or 3 species, one North American, one Jamaican, the other Asiatic and Australa- sian An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions : from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102nd meridian ed2illustratedflo02brit Year: 1913 Genus i. SACRED BEAN FAMILY. n 00, distinct, contained in pits in the large convex receptacle. Style short; ovules i or 2, pen- dulous or anatropous; endosperm none; cotyledons thick, fleshy. Nuts globose or oblong. [Ceylon name for A'. Nelumbo.] A genus of i or 3 species, one North American, one Jamaican, the other Asiatic and Australa- sianhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/an-illustrated-flora-of-the-northern-united-states-canada-and-the-british-possessions-from-newfoundland-to-the-parallel-of-the-southern-boundary-of-virginia-and-from-the-atlantic-ocean-westward-to-the-102nd-meridian-ed2illustratedflo02brit-year-1913-genus-i-sacred-bean-family-n-00-distinct-contained-in-pits-in-the-large-convex-receptacle-style-short-ovules-i-or-2-pen-dulous-or-anatropous-endosperm-none-cotyledons-thick-fleshy-nuts-globose-or-oblong-ceylon-name-for-a-nelumbo-a-genus-of-i-or-3-species-one-north-american-one-jamaican-the-other-asiatic-and-australa-sian-image240707080.html Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white background Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white backgroundhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/macro-photograph-of-coffee-beans-isolated-over-a-white-background-image337215255.html Lectures on the physiology of plants . e into theseed, capable of germinating, the partsof which must be understood beforea proper insight can be obtained into its origin and significance. This can beaccomplished with the aid of Fig. 437, which represents the germination of the seedof the Stone Pine, with which the other Coniferae essentially agree. / is the seedin longitudinal section, consisting of three parts; i- the hard thick testa developedfrom the integument of the ovule after fertilisation ; c is the so-called endosperm, orfurther developed prothallium—the black line separating the tes Lectures on the physiology of plants . e into theseed, capable of germinating, the partsof which must be understood beforea proper insight can be obtained into its origin and significance. This can beaccomplished with the aid of Fig. 437, which represents the germination of the seedof the Stone Pine, with which the other Coniferae essentially agree. / is the seedin longitudinal section, consisting of three parts; i- the hard thick testa developedfrom the integument of the ovule after fertilisation ; c is the so-called endosperm, orfurther developed prothallium—the black line separating the teshttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/lectures-on-the-physiology-of-plants-e-into-theseed-capable-of-germinating-the-partsof-which-must-be-understood-beforea-proper-insight-can-be-obtained-into-its-origin-and-significance-this-can-beaccomplished-with-the-aid-of-fig-437-which-represents-the-germination-of-the-seedof-the-stone-pine-with-which-the-other-coniferae-essentially-agree-is-the-seedin-longitudinal-section-consisting-of-three-parts-i-the-hard-thick-testa-developedfrom-the-integument-of-the-ovule-after-fertilisation-c-is-the-so-called-endosperm-orfurther-developed-prothalliumthe-black-line-separating-the-tes-image340076660.html . Morphology of gymnosperms. Gymnosperms; Plant morphology. CYCADALES 133 entire lack of starch. The layer next within is also somewhat differentiated, its cells being much larger than those of the outer layer, but much smaller than those of the ordinary endosperm cells of the remaining vegetative portion of the gametophyte. Many cells, like the evenly shaded one in fig. 134, contain tannin. 135. 136. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly res . Morphology of gymnosperms. Gymnosperms; Plant morphology. CYCADALES 133 entire lack of starch. The layer next within is also somewhat differentiated, its cells being much larger than those of the outer layer, but much smaller than those of the ordinary endosperm cells of the remaining vegetative portion of the gametophyte. Many cells, like the evenly shaded one in fig. 134, contain tannin. 135. 136. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly reshttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/morphology-of-gymnosperms-gymnosperms-plant-morphology-cycadales-133-entire-lack-of-starch-the-layer-next-within-is-also-somewhat-differentiated-its-cells-being-much-larger-than-those-of-the-outer-layer-but-much-smaller-than-those-of-the-ordinary-endosperm-cells-of-the-remaining-vegetative-portion-of-the-gametophyte-many-cells-like-the-evenly-shaded-one-in-fig-134-contain-tannin-135-136-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-res-image216418049.html . Electron microscopy; proceedings of the Stockholm Conference, September, 1956 . ^Jii 3 4v- • i-:r>i.. Fig. 1. Section througii a cell wail of date endosperm in its natural state. Magnification 5000. Fig. 2. Section through a swollen cell wall of date endosperm. Note the microfibrils between the swollen layers. Magnification 20,000. Fig. 3. Date endosperm after Turmix and ultrasonic treatment before extraction of mannan A. Magnification 25,000. Fig. 4. Date endosperm after Turmix and ultrasonic treatment after extraction of mannan A. Magnification 25,000. endosperm of palm seeds there is a . Electron microscopy; proceedings of the Stockholm Conference, September, 1956 . ^Jii 3 4v- • i-:r>i.. Fig. 1. Section througii a cell wail of date endosperm in its natural state. Magnification 5000. Fig. 2. Section through a swollen cell wall of date endosperm. Note the microfibrils between the swollen layers. Magnification 20,000. Fig. 3. Date endosperm after Turmix and ultrasonic treatment before extraction of mannan A. Magnification 25,000. Fig. 4. Date endosperm after Turmix and ultrasonic treatment after extraction of mannan A. Magnification 25,000. endosperm of palm seeds there is ahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/electron-microscopy-proceedings-of-the-stockholm-conference-september-1956-jii-3-4v-i-rgti-fig-1-section-througii-a-cell-wail-of-date-endosperm-in-its-natural-state-magnification-5000-fig-2-section-through-a-swollen-cell-wall-of-date-endosperm-note-the-microfibrils-between-the-swollen-layers-magnification-20000-fig-3-date-endosperm-after-turmix-and-ultrasonic-treatment-before-extraction-of-mannan-a-magnification-25000-fig-4-date-endosperm-after-turmix-and-ultrasonic-treatment-after-extraction-of-mannan-a-magnification-25000-endosperm-of-palm-seeds-there-is-a-image178411840.html 3D Letter B with abstract biological texture 3D Letter B with abstract biological texturehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/3d-letter-b-with-abstract-biological-texture-image212474606.html Elementary principles of agriculture : a text book for the common schools elementaryprinci02ferg Year: 1913 Structure of Seeds 11 18. Corn. The corn ' grain ' is covered with a clear skin, or seed-coat.* If we cut through a corn grain, as shown in Fig. 9, we see a yellowish oily germ, or embryo, on one side, and a large starchy mass of additional reserve food stored back of the germ. When the re- serve food is stored outside of the germ, it is called endosperm. The endosperm in the corn grain exists in two layers, one of which is starchy and loose, and the other clear and hard. 19. Cotton. I Elementary principles of agriculture : a text book for the common schools elementaryprinci02ferg Year: 1913 Structure of Seeds 11 18. Corn. The corn ' grain ' is covered with a clear skin, or seed-coat.* If we cut through a corn grain, as shown in Fig. 9, we see a yellowish oily germ, or embryo, on one side, and a large starchy mass of additional reserve food stored back of the germ. When the re- serve food is stored outside of the germ, it is called endosperm. The endosperm in the corn grain exists in two layers, one of which is starchy and loose, and the other clear and hard. 19. Cotton. Ihttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elementary-principles-of-agriculture-a-text-book-for-the-common-schools-elementaryprinci02ferg-year-1913-structure-of-seeds-11-18-corn-the-corn-grain-is-covered-with-a-clear-skin-or-seed-coat-if-we-cut-through-a-corn-grain-as-shown-in-fig-9-we-see-a-yellowish-oily-germ-or-embryo-on-one-side-and-a-large-starchy-mass-of-additional-reserve-food-stored-back-of-the-germ-when-the-re-serve-food-is-stored-outside-of-the-germ-it-is-called-endosperm-the-endosperm-in-the-corn-grain-exists-in-two-layers-one-of-which-is-starchy-and-loose-and-the-other-clear-and-hard-19-cotton-i-image240653146.html Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white background Macro photograph of coffee beans isolated over a white backgroundhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/macro-photograph-of-coffee-beans-isolated-over-a-white-background-image337215306.html . Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches, and a synopsis of the vegetable kingdom. Gardening -- Dictionaries; Plants -- North America encyclopedias. 580 FERTILIZATION (d", Fig. 816) fuses with the nucleus of the egg { 9, Fig. 816), and fertilization is complete. The other, hereto- fore supposed to be disorganized, is now said to fuse with 'the endosperm nucle . Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches, and a synopsis of the vegetable kingdom. Gardening -- Dictionaries; Plants -- North America encyclopedias. 580 FERTILIZATION (d", Fig. 816) fuses with the nucleus of the egg { 9, Fig. 816), and fertilization is complete. The other, hereto- fore supposed to be disorganized, is now said to fuse with 'the endosperm nuclehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/cyclopedia-of-american-horticulture-comprising-suggestions-for-cultivation-of-horticultural-plants-descriptions-of-the-species-of-fruits-vegetables-flowers-and-ornamental-plants-sold-in-the-united-states-and-canada-together-with-geographical-and-biographical-sketches-and-a-synopsis-of-the-vegetable-kingdom-gardening-dictionaries-plants-north-america-encyclopedias-580-fertilization-dquot-fig-816-fuses-with-the-nucleus-of-the-egg-9-fig-816-and-fertilization-is-complete-the-other-hereto-fore-supposed-to-be-disorganized-is-now-said-to-fuse-with-the-endosperm-nucle-image231833900.html . The essentials of botany. Botany. PHANEBOGAMIA. 241 â which lies between the inner solid (woody) mass and the outer softer portion. 610, The Angiosperms are readily separated into two sub-classes, as follows: Sub-Class I. Monocotyledones (the Monocotyledons).â The first leaves produced by the embryo are alternate; the endosperm is usually large and the embryo small. Sub-Class II. Diootyledones (the Dicotyledons).âThe first leaves of the embryo (cotyledons) are opposite; the endosperm is very often rudimentary or entirely wanting, and the embryo is generally large. -. Fio. 136.âLongitudinal s . The essentials of botany. Botany. PHANEBOGAMIA. 241 â which lies between the inner solid (woody) mass and the outer softer portion. 610, The Angiosperms are readily separated into two sub-classes, as follows: Sub-Class I. Monocotyledones (the Monocotyledons).â The first leaves produced by the embryo are alternate; the endosperm is usually large and the embryo small. Sub-Class II. Diootyledones (the Dicotyledons).âThe first leaves of the embryo (cotyledons) are opposite; the endosperm is very often rudimentary or entirely wanting, and the embryo is generally large. -. Fio. 136.âLongitudinal shttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-essentials-of-botany-botany-phanebogamia-241-which-lies-between-the-inner-solid-woody-mass-and-the-outer-softer-portion-610-the-angiosperms-are-readily-separated-into-two-sub-classes-as-follows-sub-class-i-monocotyledones-the-monocotyledons-the-first-leaves-produced-by-the-embryo-are-alternate-the-endosperm-is-usually-large-and-the-embryo-small-sub-class-ii-diootyledones-the-dicotyledonsthe-first-leaves-of-the-embryo-cotyledons-are-opposite-the-endosperm-is-very-often-rudimentary-or-entirely-wanting-and-the-embryo-is-generally-large-fio-136longitudinal-s-image216447489.html Next page Recent searches: Search Results for Endosperm Stock Photos and Images  (1,835) Page 5 of 19 12345678910