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RMMD256T–Engravings of an Etruscan bronze statue depicting a female divinity, 1878. Courtesy Internet Archive. Note: Image has been digitally colorized using a modern process. Colors may not be period-accurate. ()
RM2AN180R–Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839 . -merce. Following this, comes the funeral pro-cession. First, the newly-elected Lar Matuesius,perhaps brother to the priestess—then the familiesof the Lucumones who are his nearest of kin, orwhose offices oblige them to bear a part in hisfunereal train. One individual only is given ofeach family, on account of the confined space inwhich they are represented. Here we see theLenea and the Pompey, both very noble houses ofTarquinia. Following them the Prince ArunsAthvinacna representing the younger branches ofthe ruling house. Aruns means a cadet princ
RM2ANCPY0–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . r and elaborationof workmanship as to throw into the shade every toreutic workof this class, yet discovered in the soil of Etruria. Were there. BOY IN BRONZE. CORTONA MUSEUM. 4 Ann. Inst. 1864, pp. 390-393. 5 The coins attributed to Cortona are themost simple of all ancient Italian money.All twelve sides of the series, from the asto the uucia, bear one uniform type —awheel. There is no legend to mark thesecoins as belonging to any particular city,but Marchi and Tessieri see in the wheelt .e symbol of Cortona, whose original namethey take to have been Kutu
RM2ANCWX0–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . me it was oftendesignated. In point of antiquity the paintings in this tomb appear to rank betweenthose of the Tomba della Scimia and of the Tomba Casuccini, and to belong tothe second period of Etruscan art, which is designated as the Gragco-Etruscan.Helbig places them after the Grotta del Citaredo, and before the GrotteTriclinio, Querciola, and Bighe of Corneto.2 Brunn refers them to anadvanced period of archaic art, a period in which, while retaining greatsimplicity of design and colouring, and somewhat still of Etruscan rigidity,they show a manifest d
RM2AG2HAX–. Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839. e grotta near the roof, whereverthe coating of lime which has been laid upon thestone remains, may be seen a border of indentedlines in -white, representing a cornice. Beneaththis comes an architrave or band, ten inches high,upon which are painted games and processions ofwinged genii, many of whom carry axes or hatchets,raised aloft like great hammers. Here and thereare bigas, with sometimes figures in them, and in oneof them is an urn of an oval shape like an ossuario,or urn containing ashes. In another part there is a boat, and consideringthe who
RM2AG2E16–. Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839. rfinest buddings, such as the Pantheon. The roofsof Etruscan houses appear to have been coveredwith tiles, ornamented with masks and other deco-rations; and the ducts for letting rain-water off* theroofs were of the same material, and similarlyadorned. Statues of terra cotta were also usual inwhat may be called the frontispiece of the roof, justas we find groups in marble surmounting the archi-trave of Grecian temples The excavations whichhave been made on the site of the Vulcian cityhave produced great quantities of these architecturalornaments, a
RM2AMYR2X–Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839 . I have described as shown at GeneralGalassis, consisting of two disks, with animalscarved upon them, and two gold fillets ; and sunkdown below the stone, or half leaning upon it, wasthe superb golden breastplate which I have alsoalready mentioned. On each side, where the wristshad once depended, lay broad golden bracelets, rich-ly worked in relievo; close to the breastplate lay aclasp composed of three spheres of gold, and atvarious distances between the stones were the littlelumps of the same precious metal which had beenwoven into the grand ceremo
RM2AMYJHM–Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839 . o o o m yJ) ) o o o o a o ty^ai? f/i-ti:. a>> .^€r/i i-y ... leij^//,i APPENDICES. 529 SATUR FUFERE MARS LUMEN SALI STA BERBER,SEMUNES ALTERNEI ADVOCAPIT CONCTOS,ENOS MARMOR lUVATO, TRIUMPE. TRIUMPE. TRIOMPE, TRIUMPE.TRICMPE. The attempt to put it into imperial Latin is asfollows: Nos Lares juvate neve luemMamers sinas incurrere in flores.Aelor fieri Mars lumen maris siste ....Semones alterni advocate cunctosNos mamuri juvatoTriumphe, triuraphe, &c. Appendix D.—Page 145. avoltas warriors tomb. In the annals of the Archaeological Society, I hav
RM2AG2J14–. Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839. wall on the right side ofthe entrance alone retains any trace of paintings,and these are rapidly fading. They consist of friezesof figures drawn in a very spirited manner, butsmall, perhaps afoot high, and sketchy, not shaded,and the colours scarcely distinguishable. There isone figure which, if it had been drawn in our day,might have passed for the Pope. He is robed inwhite, with a conical-shaped white tiara on his head,and from a seat of state he seems to be with onehand giving his blessing. Another most remarkable frieze consists of a pro-cessio
RM2ANDXH5–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . CONTENTS OF VOLUME II CHAPTER XXXIV.MVATSA.—SUANA. PAGE Italy an unknown land to the antiquary—Mr. Ainsleys discovery of an Etrus-can necropolis at Sovana—Its site—A city of the plague—No ancient his-tory—The Fontana—Etruscan mermaid—Poggio Prisca—Egyptian-likesepulchres—Sopraripa—Grotta Pola, and its portico—Poggio Stanziale—House-tombs—Abundance and variety of sepulchres—Numerous Etruscaninscriptions—Rock-sunk roads—Excavations at Sovana—Great interest ofthis site .1 Appendix. Mouldings of tombs at Sovana—Etruscan inscriptions . .15 CHAPTER XXXV. BOLSEN
RM2ANE004–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . 5 s THE CITIES AND CEMETERIES OF ETBUEIA. By GEORGE DENNIS. Parva Tyrrhenian per ajquorVela darem. Hon at.citiescemeterie02denn
RM2AMYP96–Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839 . rdersto our guide ? Sir William Gell thus speaks of Castel dAssoand the glens adjoining : Near Ronciglione andSutri stands Blera or Bieda, a town of ancientEtruria. The population is still considerable, andthere are several remains of antiquity, consistingchiefly of tombs cut in the rock and walls. AtSan Giovanni di Bieda, oii the road betweenVetralla and Viterbo, are several sepulchres in therock, with mouldings of genuine Etruscan architec-ture ; a stream running from Blera has here wornin the soft volcanic stone a deep valley with rockysides. The
RM2ANCJEA–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . ges ; indeed, it is among thebest known of Etruscan sepulchres. Yet though applied to basepurposes, it has received little injury; probably owing to thehardness of the travertine. 6 Similar altar-like masses exist in asepulchre at Sovana, and also in the Grotta?Cardinale and other tombs at Corneto. Gori (Mus. Etrus. III. p. 81) andPasseri (ap. eund. III. p. 100) took it fora sepulchre. So also Abeken, Mittelitalien,p. 250. 8 The analogy and connection betweentemples and tombs is well established.The sepulchre was in fact the shrine of theManes, who were r
RM2AN0092–Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839 . le was the famous tomb of Lars Porsenna himselfat Clusium, of which so extraordinary and probablyfabulous an account is given, with its labyrinthwithin the mass of the building, surmounted by fivelofty towers, covered with a bronze roof, from whicharose one, if not two or more stories of spires tower-ing aloft to an incredible height, and furnished witha vast peal of bells. One of the most singularmonuments of this description now extant is situatedat about a couple of miles from Ponte Labadia, nearthe road by which we returned to Corneto. It iscall
RM2AG2P7E–. Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839. O o u o i 0 o o o o0 O O O O J O J w» O o. /,////////,/?? wit&ill /A /:/!///i//i,
RM2AG2DJB–. Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839. - vu lci. 301 a corn-field, we were escorted by a soldier of thegarrison. The entrance to them was by a descentof some steps, and a very low stone door, throughwinch we crept with considerable difficulty, andwhich admitted us into a small chamber where wecould not stand upright, the walls and roof of whichwere not painted, but were adorned with pilastersand roof-trees of a sort of corded ornament. Inone of these tombs an interior low door led into aninner chamber of largerfsize and similar appearance.In another the roof exhibited a peculiarity of o
RM2ANDPBM–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . ^ of its site and surround-ing scenery, and for the unrivalled glories of its Cathedral. Ifhe be in search of objects of mediaaval art, let him omit whatplaces he will between Florence and Rome, but let him seeOrvieto.1 4 The traveller, on going northward,leaves the volcanic district at Orvieto. Theregion of plain and ravine is behind him ;that of undulation before him. Abruptand perpendicular forms give place to gentleslopes and flowing outlines. Tufo is ex-changed for a yellow sandstone full of largeoyster-shells and other marine productions,and often c
RM2AG2P94–. Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839. m-merce. Following this, comes the funeral pro-cession. First, the newly-elected Lar Matuesius,perhaps brother to the priestess—then the familiesof the Lucumones who are his nearest of kin, orwhose offices oblige them to bear a part in hisfunereal train. One individual only is given ofeach family, on account of the confined space inwhich they are represented. Here we see theLenea and the Pompey, both very noble houses ofTarquinia. Following them the Prince ArunsAthvinacna representing the younger branches ofthe ruling house. Aruns means a cadet pri
RM2AN0MCA–Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839 . r./y ,;,.. rr,.,/. ^^ ?^. A ,v-^/A//>v a U/M-^y^-^^ ? C^^.^. y -^ss
RM2ANCM2P–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . KALPIS, OH WATER-JAR. i. KRATEH WITH DECORATIONS IN RELIEF. CHAPTER LXII. PE RUGIA.—PER VSIA. The Cemeteuy. Hie maxima cura sepulcrisImpenclitur. Puudentius. Piu che non credi son le torn be carche.—Dante. The necropolis of Perusia offers a rich field for research; andsince attention has been directed to excavations in Etruria,numerous tombs have been brought to light. This is principallyowing to the archaeological zeal of the late Cavaliere Vermiglioli,to whom it is also due that many of these sepulchres, fortunatelyfor the student of antiquity, long rem
RM2AG2MXG–. Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839. :5.It is very small, not exceeding ten feet in.
RM2AG2RN5–. Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839. HAPTER IV. TARQUINIA. This we regarded as the most interesting portionof our Etruscan pilgrimage, for besides Tarquiniasclaim to our attention as the capital city of originalEtruria, it was identified in our recollection with themost exciting period of early Roman history. Weare informed by Livy, that Rome received fromTarqninia a race of powerful kings, and was in-debted to them and their Etruscan mother countryfor many of the arts of refinement, badges ofmagnificence, substantial improvements, and ritesof religion, which contributed to build up h
RM2AMYT8W–Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839 . B B B A Leycl of the/////ricrnt soil. Yj^ Lcucrpart oft/ie^?PW14I contaminffl•//?//?i/trrrr Tcmisl I JVhrrior^ Tomb. .si^r cais Yi/i/wnma the Hr/rrarv Urns. Y^.Trmb of t/tePriffrss.. die Mi//!/f i>f e/?e rpn>li. C^RE OR AGYLLA. 345 higher and broader than those of the other rows.General Galassi did not know how to reach the cen-tral tomb. The Arci Prete had ideas of his own uponthe subject, gained by experience, and by followingout which, he came upon one of the most extraor-dinary discoveries of modern times. He excavatedfrom the top u
RM2ANDPWT–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . world, and the bliss of the departed, repre-sented by their festive enjoyments in the presence of the greatKing and Queen of Hades. As on entering this tomb we began with the wall to the left ofthe door, so now we must begin with the wall to the right. The space is occupied by a handsome biga, drawn by a pair ofpale red horses, and driven by a fair-haired youth, wearing alaurel crown, and wrapt in a.white mantle bordered with red, oneof the many illustrations of the toga yrcetcxta, which the Romans 1 All the inscriptions in this tomb, so p. 66) takes the
RM2AN19K6–Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839 . HAPTER IV. TARQUINIA. This we regarded as the most interesting portionof our Etruscan pilgrimage, for besides Tarquiniasclaim to our attention as the capital city of originalEtruria, it was identified in our recollection with themost exciting period of early Roman history. Weare informed by Livy, that Rome received fromTarquinia a race of powerful kings, and was in-debted to them and their Etruscan mother countryfor many of the arts of refinement, badges ofmagnificence, substantial improvements, and ritesof religion, which contributed to build up he
RM2AG2E8X–. Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839. roserpine stands before them with apomegranate flower in her hand, and Mercury is behind with his cadu-ceus. Bacchus is coming forward with a cup. 3. A two handled vase with white and red figures. The subject isThetis bringing armour to Achilles. She presents him with a shield,on which the sacred tripod is represented, and with two spears. 4. A Pariathenaic prize vase, esteemed of very great value. It liastwo Btout handles; on one side is Minerva, the patroness id the games,armed with her shield, and about to throw the spear. On the side ofthe vase
RM2AG2EPN–. Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839. ostume of the menis the same as in Rome, and the women wear theblack or white veils upon their heads, like those ofthe north of Italy. The town contains, besideswhat I have mentioned, two convents for womenand four for men. The mallow here is cultivatedas a shrub, and is so useful that Avolta said, wereit less common, it would be sold for its weight ingold. The olive is very extensively cultivated, butdoes not thrive, and is only reckoned to yield a fullcrop one year in three. Corneto, besides beingthe head-quarters from which to visit the surround
RM2AN0E7F–Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839 . he menis the same as in Rome, and the women wear theblack or white veil upon their heads, like those ofthe north of Italy. The town contains, besideswhat I have mentioned, two convents for women,and four for men. The mallow here is cultivatedas a shrub, and is so useful that Avolta said, wereit less common, it would be sold for its weight ingold. The olive is very extensively cultivated, butdoes not thrive, and is only reckoned to yield a fullcrop one year in three, Corneto, besides beingthe head-quarters from which to visit the surround-ing country
RM2ANDFN2–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . iquity stands alone in this opinion. It was pro- —tot sevis incorruptum. bably this same tower which was standing 2 Mela. II. 4. Plin. III. 8. Ptolemy in the time of Kutilius, four centuries(p. 68, ed. Bert.) even calls it a city. later, who speaks of a beacon-tower on the 3 Kutil. Itin. I. 401-412. See the fortifications, instead of a Pharos built asheading to this Chapter. usual on the mole ; so that a double pur- 4 Micali, Ant. Pop. Ital. I. p. 150. pose was served (I. 403-8)— Kepetti, IV. p. «j80. Castellum geminos hominum fundavit in6 See Bull. Inst.
RM2AND07Y–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . 1348 ; of that description designated by the latter Thesmoph. 823, 829 ; Aves, 1508, 1550) ; name. See Vol. I. p. 333. The curved and Roman gallants were wont to prove part is supported by cross bars, and at the their devotion by holding them over their extremity is a ring for suspension,mistresses. Ovid. Art. Amat. II. 209. 4 Braun took this peculiar position in ?cf. Mart. XL ep. 73. In this tomb of which horsemen are depicted in Etruscan Chiusi we have proof that they were used tombs to indicate their great agility and skill in Etruria also. Yet though
RM2ANDKGW–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . r it was de-signed to protect; with a pair ofgreaves modelled in the samemanner to the leg, to which theyseem to have clung with a spring;a large aspis, or circular shield,without boss, but with its rimdecorated with a double guillochepattern, and retaining, when firstdiscovered, its lining of wood..
RM2AMYJ11–Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839 . d was utterly destroyed. I confess it wouldhave been a satisfaction to me to have seen the cavein which those things had existed, and to have pene-trated through to the line of sepulchres with whichit was connected, but the Italians do not seem tohave this feeling nationally, nor to estimate theirantiquities in any other manner than as to how^many scudi each is likely to sell for. There wereseveral urns in the grotta on the left-hand side ofthe door, some of them containing burnt bones, butCampanari gives no description of them, and I donot know wha
RM2AN0HN1–Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839 . A ,v-^/A//>v a U/M-^y^-^^ ? C^^.^. y -^ss.
RM2AG2JWC–. Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839. TARQUINIA. 193 figure of an elderly man who seems to be seated onthe ledge of a bath, or, as some of our party thought,was about to be offered up in sacrifice. There arefriezes representing* boar-hunts, the chasseurs beingof different ranks, and with appropriate arms. Thereare also other friezes with equestrian figures appa-rently throwing the javelin, but these were so muchdefaced that we had great difficulty in ascertainingwhat they were. At the end of one wall is a buffetfilled with vases, and interesting as showing howthe ancients themselves di
![The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . 211. 4 For an account of these tombs in the :i Similar figures are to he seen in a Villa Inghirami, see Lull. Inst. 1862, pp. painted tomb at Chiusi. See Chapter 64, 207-213. chap, xliii.] BUOHE DEI SAEAOINI. L59 curly date. Another tradition ascribes their formation to theSaracens, once, the scourges, and at the same time the bugbears of the Italian const. Though these infidel pirates were wont tomake descents on these shores during the middle ages, carryingoff plunder and women, they were often creatures of romancerather than of reality; every trace of Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2ANDGRA/the-cities-and-cemeteries-of-etruria-211-4-for-an-account-of-these-tombs-in-the-i-similar-figures-are-to-he-seen-in-a-villa-inghirami-see-lull-inst-1862-pp-painted-tomb-at-chiusi-see-chapter-64-207-213-chap-xliii-buohe-dei-saeaoini-l59-curly-date-another-tradition-ascribes-their-formation-to-thesaracens-once-the-scourges-and-at-the-same-time-the-bugbears-of-the-italian-const-though-these-infidel-pirates-were-wont-tomake-descents-on-these-shores-during-the-middle-ages-carryingoff-plunder-and-women-they-were-often-creatures-of-romancerather-than-of-reality-every-trace-of-2ANDGRA.jpg "The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . 211. 4 For an account of these tombs in the :i Similar figures are to he seen in a Villa Inghirami, see Lull. Inst. 1862, pp. painted tomb at Chiusi. See Chapter 64, 207-213. chap, xliii.] BUOHE DEI SAEAOINI. L59 curly date. Another tradition ascribes their formation to theSaracens, once, the scourges, and at the same time the bugbears of the Italian const. Though these infidel pirates were wont tomake descents on these shores during the middle ages, carryingoff plunder and women, they were often creatures of romancerather than of reality; every trace of Stock Photo")
RM2ANDGRA–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . 211. 4 For an account of these tombs in the :i Similar figures are to he seen in a Villa Inghirami, see Lull. Inst. 1862, pp. painted tomb at Chiusi. See Chapter 64, 207-213. chap, xliii.] BUOHE DEI SAEAOINI. L59 curly date. Another tradition ascribes their formation to theSaracens, once, the scourges, and at the same time the bugbears of the Italian const. Though these infidel pirates were wont tomake descents on these shores during the middle ages, carryingoff plunder and women, they were often creatures of romancerather than of reality; every trace of
RM2AN1AH0–Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839 . K .^#-^ ^..^•-??-*. TOUE SEPULCHEES OF ETEUEIA, IN 1839. MRS. HAMILTON GRAY. foe yet decays effacing fingersHave swept the lines wiiere beauty lini;ers.Go bend tliee oer the illustrious Dead. aSSitJ Numetous Hlusttations. SECOND EDITION. b^^C^^ ^ LONDON: J. HATCHARD AND SON, 187, PICCADILLY. 1841. LONDON: PRINTED BY G. J. PALMER, SAVOV SIREEJ. LIST OF ENGRAVINGS. Page.MAP OF VEII . , . .79PLAN OF THE POSITION OF ANCIENT ETRURIA . 130RESTORATION OF AN ETRUSCAN NECROPOLIS . 165GROTTA DEL BARONE, AT TARQUINIA . .176GROTTA DELLE ISCRIZIONI . . 179DITTO
RM2AN0GDC–Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839 . ?a / 4 rvr/j^if^f? //erti^ ritA//. ,/,/ I/ I-,/.,,??,.??.^- TARQUINIA. 239 of architectural taste and knowledge. The bestspecimens that I have seen of it are the magnificentwalls of Cortona, Fiesole, and Perugia; and to givean idea of the style of the gate, I subjoin a drawingof that of the citadel of Ferentinum. Belonging tothis style appeared to be the remains, which wefound at Tarquinia, and which I conceive to be solidremnants of Etruscan grandeur, surviving the lessmassive fabrics of the Roman municipia, and tellingus how great the whole must h
RM2AMYNNH–Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839 . CASTEL dasso. 397 joins this from Norcia, a curious and interestingcity, and in this valley is a Doric tomb, with paint-ing- and sculpture; the Grotta del Cardinale isanother of these curious tombs. They are paintedlike those of the tumuli of Tarquinia, and are asyet unknown to the antiquarians and literati ofEurope. I have thought it right to give this account,though, unless Sir William Gell saw these tombshimself, I greatly doubt its accuracy. I cannot,however, say that there are not painted tombs inthese valleys, because we only fully explored on
RM2ANDHD1–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . ut architectural beauty ; and save the heavy, feudal-facedPalazzo Pubblico, hung quaintly all over with coats of arms, asa pilgrim with scallop-shells—so many silent traditions of thestirring days of the Italian republics—and richer still in itsMuseum of Etruscan antiquities ; save the neat little Duomoand the alabaster factories, which every one should visit, there isnothing of interest in modern Yolterra. Her glories are theEtruscan walls and the Museum, to neither of which the visitorwho feels interest in the early civilization of Italy, should fail to
RM2AG2EYF–. Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839. i -??J 1 .Z/W/w//// .< I. -///,/ h TARQUINIA. 239 of architectural taste and knowledge. The bestspecimens that I have seen of it are the magnificentwalls of Cortona, Fiesole, and Perugia ; and to givean idea of the style of the gate, I subjoin a drawingof that of the citadel of Ferentinum. Belonging tothis style appeared to be the remains, which wefound at Tarquinia, and which I conceive to be solidremnants of Etruscan grandeur, surviving the lessmassive fabrics of the Roman municipia, and tellingus how great the whole must have been, of whicht
RM2ANDE8Y–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . ense that it effectuallyconceals the walls from the spectator at a distance. By this roadI entered Rusellse on its south-western side. I then turned tothe right and followed the line of Avails, which are traceable indetached fragments along the brow of the hill. At first, the masonry was horizontal—rudely so indeed, likethat of Yolterra and Populonia, but such was its decided cha-racter, though small stones wrere inserted in the interstices of the 3 See Vol. I. p. 172. mistake, and at first passed Rusellse with- 4 Sir Richard Colt Hoare made this out seei
RM2AN12BD–Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839 . > ^ > TARQUINIA. 199 the exclusive possession of him. In the eagernessof dispute the car stops, they cannot draw it on, butremain stationary to mark the uncertain reputationof the deceased. The evil genii are represented asblack, and all the spirits wear a cothurnus, or buskinof that form, which was sacred amongst the Etrus-cans to immaterial existences, especially the genii ofdarkness, death, and sleep. It is not winged, butpeaked like wings in a sheath, and reaches midwayup the leg. The genii are all winged; and thesouls, of which there ar
RM2ANDKWP–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . iors on foot. In the quadriga which is charging fromthe left, the auriga, or driver, is in front, in 3rellow tunic, redPhrygian cap, and long hair streaming in the wind as she holdsthe reins in her right hand, and a blue shield on her left armto protect her comrade ; who, bareheaded, in a white chiton,grasps the antyx, or front bar of the chariot, to steady herself asshe hurls her lance at one of her foes, and brings him to theground beneath her horses feet. Both his thighs are pierced byher spear; he drops on one knee, yet gallantly cuts at the horseswit
RM2AG2CDP–. Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839. emberwhether these lower tombs had been opened before,or whether they were found sealed ; probably theformer, as nothing of importance was brought out ofthem ; and yet there can be no doubt that they werethe graves of distinguished persons only. Having found these sepulchres at the base of themound, the Arci Prete and the general agreed, fromwhat they knew of the Etruscan method of burying,that the tomb of the chief person in whose honourthe entire mound had been erected, must occupy amore elevated place by itself, and was therefore to besought for
RM2ANDJBN–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . ities which he attaches to his work, give Miiller (I. 3, 3) cites Fresulaj as an in- widely different measurements, Faesula? stance of the quadrangular form, which being much superior in size to the last two, was usually given to Etruscan cities, and though smaller than the first. In fact his thence copied in the original city of Ro- plan represents it as about 8800 feet in mulus— Roma qaadrata—a custom based circumference, or just 1| English mile. on religious usages. Dion. Hal. I. p. 75. Niebuhr (I. p. 121, Eng. trans.) was there- Plutarch, llomul. 10.
RM2ANCXA6–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . slriiiiibound round hischeeks. See thewoodcut on p.332. On the oppo-site wall are apair of wrestlers,in even more dif-ficult attitudesthan in the othertombs—an ago-nothetes, in blue high - lows,standing by tosee fair play —two men onhorseback appa-rently racing, al-ready referred to—another black-bearded dwarf,with a paddle-like leaf on hisshoulder, who isbeing draggedforward by anathlete, bearinga similar leaf,apparently withthe wish to in-struct him ingymnastics, towhich the littleman naturally shows much reluctance. 5 These two figures have leathern pa
RM2AND0MA–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . d centuries since. Hinges, strictly speaking, there are none;for the doors have one side lengthened into a pivot above andbelow, which pivots work in sockets made in the stone lintel andthreshold ; just as in the early gateways of Etruscan cities,1 andas doors were hung in the middle ages—those of the Alhambrafor instance. There can be no doubt of the antiquity of thesedoors ; it is manifest in their very arrangement; for the lintel isa huge mass of rock buried beneath a weight of superincumbentearth; and must have been laid after the slabs were in theirp
RM2AN00P4–Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839 . -Fan -ska/7fi/ 7-oof of thi ra Tonil at Vulci... Bfs sttoh a Tornb as t£>c Cu^a?rie/la at 11// VULCI. 301 a corn-field, we were escorted by a soldier of thegarrison. The entrance to them was by a descentof some steps, and a very low stone door, throughwhich we crept with considerable difficulty, andwhich admitted us into a small chamber where wecould not stand upright, the walls and roof of whichwere not painted, but were adorned with pilastersand roof-trees of a sort of corded ornament. Inone of these tombs an interior low door led into aninner
RM2AG2JAY–. Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839. nt to under-take the task of saving them from utter destruction.I could not help wishing that the cardinal or bishopof Corneto were charged with the preservation ofthem as part of the duties of his see. We descended a flight of steps, and advanced bya short passage cut in the rock to the entrance ofthe tomb, a spacious chamber in which our flam-beaux only made darkness more visible. I shouldthink it about forty feet square, and the roof,which is low, is supported on four very massivesquare pillars, which rise without base from theground, and is orn
RM2AG294E–. Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839. fil or Tanaquil,) Felia, Sethra,Titia, Phastia, Ane and Ramta, among women; andall of these are of frequent recurrence in sepulchralinscriptions in most of the cities of ancient Etruria.Among the most distinguished family names ofwhich we have notices, are the following:—Cfelneor Cilnius, the first in Arretium (Arezzo) for wealthand nobility. In the year 1728, an ancient andsimple family vault was opened not far from Sienna,in a spot which was said to have belonged to theterritory of Arretium, prior to the foundation of thecolony of Sena, and in it
RM2AMYRR3–Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839 . ng. Along the sides, and ona sort of shelf or ledge, beneath the immense stoneswhich formed the roof, were found the ornamentedshields of bronze, but of such thin metal that theyhad evidently been made for ornament only, and notfor battle. Mingled with them were arrows, a bun-dle of which lay close to the bier. This bier hadfour short feet, and was formedof cross-barred bronze thus; itstood close to a walled-up door,the top of which was open, andupon this were placed two vasesof silver and two vases for liba-tions. At the head and foot ofthe bier we
RM2ANDHJE–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . drink for the fair of Paris and London— II leggiadretto, II si divino Moscadelletto Di Montalcino. Un tal vino Lo destinoPer le dame di Parigi; E per quelle, Che si belleKallegrar fanno il Tamigi. Castelnuovo dell Abate, seven miles further south, is 5 Lanzi, II. p. 373. Pienza is conjee- Apuni (Aponius), Tile or Teti tured by Cramer (I. p. 221) to be the (Titus), Cae (Caius), Ancarni (An- Manliana of Ptolemy and the Itineraries. charms), Laucam (Lncanns), and others Bull. I nst. 1840, pp. 97—104. The whose names are not fully legible,families mentioned i
RM2AN11WJ–Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839 . ruria. They are formed of vast polygonalblocks, and may be distinguished by two subdivisionsof style which are sometimes found in the samecity. 1. Rude and totally without order, as Pau-sanias describes the walls of Tyrus in Greece; anItalian specimen of this is Cora of the Volsci.2. Where greater care and art were used in theirconstruction ; and of this the walls of Amiternum may serve as an example. The mountains ofthe Equi, Hernici, and Volsci, are full of speci-mens of these walls. Sometimes they are formedof two parallel rows of blocks, with a
RM2AG29GE–. Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839. t a monu-ment of himself in rectangular stone. Each sidewas three hundred feet long and fifty high, andwithin the basement he made an inextricable laby-rinth, into which if any one ventured without a clue,there he must remain, for he never could find theway out again. Above this base stood five pyra-mids, one in the centre and four at the angles, eachof them seventy-five feet in circumference at thebase, and a hundred and fifty feet high, tapering tothe top so as to be covered by a cupola of bronze.From this there hung by chains a peal of bells,whi
RM2ANCN6K–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . ch is a frieze of six Ionic colounettes,fluted, alternating with shields ; and from this springs anotherarch, now blocked up, surmounted by a second frieze of Ionicpilasters, not fluted. All the work above the lower arch isevidently of later date than the original construction of the gate- 6 The largest block I observed was 5 feet is very simple, not unlike that of the Portaby 2 ; very small in comparison with the di Giove at Falleri. In one of the spandrilscolossal masonry of Cortona. there seems to have been a massive Lead, 7 The gate is 14 feet 6 inche
![The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . eek (i JUillcttini degli Rcavi della Societa colonies in Italy. 1 have found them also Colomharia, 1859—61. CHAP. XXXIV.] ARCHITECT URAL MOUL DINGS. Bieda—to rival it in interest? In exterior attractions, its tombswill bear comparison with those of any other necropolis inSouthern Etruria; even Norchia cannot surpass it. Everything, however, be it remembered, yields in interest to the shadow-peopled caves of Corneto, Chiusi, and Orvieto. Sovana may be reached from three sides; from the east,leaving the high-road to Siena at Acquapendente, or SanLorenzo ; f Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2ANDTYJ/the-cities-and-cemeteries-of-etruria-eek-i-juillcttini-degli-rcavi-della-societa-colonies-in-italy-1-have-found-them-also-colomharia-185961-chap-xxxiv-architect-ural-moul-dings-biedato-rival-it-in-interest-in-exterior-attractions-its-tombswill-bear-comparison-with-those-of-any-other-necropolis-insouthern-etruria-even-norchia-cannot-surpass-it-everything-however-be-it-remembered-yields-in-interest-to-the-shadow-peopled-caves-of-corneto-chiusi-and-orvieto-sovana-may-be-reached-from-three-sides-from-the-eastleaving-the-high-road-to-siena-at-acquapendente-or-sanlorenzo-f-2ANDTYJ.jpg "The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . eek (i JUillcttini degli Rcavi della Societa colonies in Italy. 1 have found them also Colomharia, 1859—61. CHAP. XXXIV.] ARCHITECT URAL MOUL DINGS. Bieda—to rival it in interest? In exterior attractions, its tombswill bear comparison with those of any other necropolis inSouthern Etruria; even Norchia cannot surpass it. Everything, however, be it remembered, yields in interest to the shadow-peopled caves of Corneto, Chiusi, and Orvieto. Sovana may be reached from three sides; from the east,leaving the high-road to Siena at Acquapendente, or SanLorenzo ; f Stock Photo")
RM2ANDTYJ–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . eek (i JUillcttini degli Rcavi della Societa colonies in Italy. 1 have found them also Colomharia, 1859—61. CHAP. XXXIV.] ARCHITECT URAL MOUL DINGS. Bieda—to rival it in interest? In exterior attractions, its tombswill bear comparison with those of any other necropolis inSouthern Etruria; even Norchia cannot surpass it. Everything, however, be it remembered, yields in interest to the shadow-peopled caves of Corneto, Chiusi, and Orvieto. Sovana may be reached from three sides; from the east,leaving the high-road to Siena at Acquapendente, or SanLorenzo ; f
![The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . REVISED EDITION, RECORDING THE MOST RECENT DISCOVERIES. IN TWO VOLUMES.—VOL. II. WITH MAP, PLANS, AND ILLUSTRATI .... / (fc III LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. 1878. [The Right of Translation is reserved.] X JDh> rt Statuse intereunt tempestate, vi, vetustate ; sepulcrorum autem sanctitas in ipso solo est; quodnulla vi moveri neque deleri potest. Atque ut cetera extlnguuntur, sic sepulcra fiunt sanctioravetustate. Cicero, Philip, ix. 6. Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2ANDYPH/the-cities-and-cemeteries-of-etruria-revised-edition-recording-the-most-recent-discoveries-in-two-volumesvol-ii-with-map-plans-and-illustrati-fc-iii-london-john-murray-albemarle-street-1878-the-right-of-translation-is-reserved-x-jdhgt-rt-statuse-intereunt-tempestate-vi-vetustate-sepulcrorum-autem-sanctitas-in-ipso-solo-est-quodnulla-vi-moveri-neque-deleri-potest-atque-ut-cetera-extlnguuntur-sic-sepulcra-fiunt-sanctioravetustate-cicero-philip-ix-6-2ANDYPH.jpg "The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . REVISED EDITION, RECORDING THE MOST RECENT DISCOVERIES. IN TWO VOLUMES.—VOL. II. WITH MAP, PLANS, AND ILLUSTRATI .... / (fc III LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. 1878. [The Right of Translation is reserved.] X JDh> rt Statuse intereunt tempestate, vi, vetustate ; sepulcrorum autem sanctitas in ipso solo est; quodnulla vi moveri neque deleri potest. Atque ut cetera extlnguuntur, sic sepulcra fiunt sanctioravetustate. Cicero, Philip, ix. 6. Stock Photo")
RM2ANDYPH–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . REVISED EDITION, RECORDING THE MOST RECENT DISCOVERIES. IN TWO VOLUMES.—VOL. II. WITH MAP, PLANS, AND ILLUSTRATI .... / (fc III LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. 1878. [The Right of Translation is reserved.] X JDh> rt Statuse intereunt tempestate, vi, vetustate ; sepulcrorum autem sanctitas in ipso solo est; quodnulla vi moveri neque deleri potest. Atque ut cetera extlnguuntur, sic sepulcra fiunt sanctioravetustate. Cicero, Philip, ix. 6.
RM2ANDDEM–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . tes have not yet been deter- 8 So called, it may be, to distinguish it mined, from the larger city of Cosa on the neigh- J Repetti, III. p. 680.bouring heights. Certainly the name can- R 2 244 OEBETELLO. [chap, xlix- At the supper-table I met the arch-priest of Telamone, asprightly, courteous young pastor, whom I had seen in themorning among his flock, and a motley group of proprietors, orcountry gentlemen, wild-boar hunters, commercial travellers,monks, bumpkins, and vetturini; among whom the priest, onaccount of his cloth, and I as a foreigner, received
RM2ANCT80–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . portions of theearlier fortifications raised by the AretiniFidentes. Plin. III. 8. 8 It may be urged as an objection to thisbeing the Etruscan site, that the masonryis of stone, whereas the ancient walls wereof brick. But we have no positive assur-ance that the brick walls, mentioned by Yitruvius and Fliny, were of Etruscanconstruction. If on the capture of the cityby the Romans, a fresh town was built, aswas the case with Falerii and Volsinii, itmay have been that which had the walls ofbrick ; for as nearly three centuries inter-vened to the time of Vitr
RM2AMYYB2–Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839 . /-/// Tf.-mi/ rorsLifi^i^ of iTteifiy cfuvnAers at Vi.Uci. ./ 7;////. /// i^.A/ VULCI. 303 like what has been already described at Tarquiniaand Monterone. I am not aware that any objectsof value were found in this tomb. As it was pro-bably the distinguished sepulchre of some mostillustrious individual or race, it was of course rifledof its contents at an early period by a barbarousRoman, or some little less barbarous Goth, whilethe more private tombs were left undisturbed, tobe objects of curiosity or matter of gain to a Princeof Canino, or a Roman
RM2AG2KPM–. Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839. a is much larger than any of thosealready mentioned, being, I should think, abouttwenty feet square. Nothing can exceed the ele-gance of the forms, the richness of the dress, and thebeauty of the ornaments. The principal subjects onthe side-walls are highly adorned dancers of bothsexes, and at the upper end there is a magnificentbanquet with festal tables, luxurious couches, andsumptuously attired guests. But, as will be seenfrom the picture, the devastations of damp, neglect,and the outer air, have already destroyed nearly onehalf of the principal
RM2ANDJ40–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . or merited reputation, 6 Sallust. Bell. Cat. 24, 27, 30, 43. Appiati. Bell. Civ. II. 3. Cicero, pro Alurena, 24. 7 Plin. VII. 11. Pliny (III. 8) and Ptolemy (Geog. p. 72) mention Fcesulseamong the inland colonies of Etruria.s Inghirami, Guida di Fiesole, p. 24. 128 FIESOLE. [chap. xli. followed soon -after. Then after a brief interval another inde-fatigable labourer in this field was taken, Emil Braun, to whosememory I would pay a heartfelt tribute of respect; and again,most recently, in this summer of 1877, Ave have had to deplorethe loss of the Count Gi
RM2ANCFAC–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . jects on the reverse.Many of these subjects areBacchic. The bearded god,standing with wine - horn,kyathus, or kaniharus, anda vine branch in his hand,is surrounded by Satyrsand Maenads. These aregenerally ampliorce, withblack figures, in the Secondstyle, and from Vulci. The labours and deeds kyathus. of Hercules are often re-presented, particularly his struggle with the Nemean lion. Heis also seen carrying the Erymanthian boar on his shoulders—overcoming the Centaurs—slaying Cacus—destroying the Hydra—vanquishing the Amazons—wrestling with Nereus—striking
RM2AG2FMR–. Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839. hey are formed of vast polygonalblocks, and may be distinguished by two subdivisionsof style which are sometimes found in the samecity. 1. Rude and totally without order, as Pau-sanias describes the walls of Tyrus in Greece; anItalian specimen of this is Cora of the Volsci.2. Where greater care and art were used in theirconstruction ; and of this the walls of Amitcrnummay serve as an example. The mountains ofthe Equi, Heruici, and Volsci, are full of speci-mens of these walls. Sometimes they are formedof two parallel rows of blocks, witli a mound o
RM2AG28RB–. Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839. sting ;the native place of Saint Franceso of Assisi, and ofMetastasio. Some remarkable tables with Etruscaninscriptions have been found here. It will occupyhalf a day, with a good guide. The church ofSanta Maria Filipini was the temple of Minerva.There are many antiquities of which my notesare too brief to give any adequate description.Travellers should see the church of S. Francesco,and the monastery of Santa Clara, and they shouldvisit at the bottom of the hill the magnificent con-vent of Santa Maria dei Angeli, which containsmany fine paintings,
RM2AMYMYN–Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839 . thou-sand other lovely scenes at home ; and we marvelledhow Cardinal Orioli could have had the silliness towrite such magnificent flourishes upon such rudeand poor remains, more like holes for dogs or sheep,than scenes to set peoples brains on fire ; and wequite agreed with our long-headed English friend,whom we had not before believed, that it was indeeda senseless thing to peril ones neck, and have allones bones dislocated, in a weary drive of six roughmiles, to see at the end nothing better than this.We Avere consequently resolved to retrace our
RM2AMYXWJ–Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839 . ld boar. Q 2 340 CHAPTER VII. CiERE OR AGYLLA. I think I have seldom felt better pleased than whenour carriage turned off from the high road about sixmiles beyond Monterone, and we found ourselveson the way to Cervetri. Though we met with no acci-dent, I certainly do not recommend this road to suchvehicles as usually go by the name of carriages inEngland, by reason of a very steep and stony ascentclose to the town, and of sundry ditches before arriv-ing at this ascent. One of our party, pointing tothe height, which by this time the reader will per-c
RM2AG2PTN–. Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839. ngs in certain relations andpositions; for instance, in the picture of a race,blue misht be the colour used to mark the winning:horse. The colours are decaying, but the outline iseasily made out, for it has been traced prior topainting upon the sand which covers the tufo wall.At the upper end two figures of unequal size arerepresented, and one of them is making an offeringto a divinity. They have a stiff Egyptian look.Over the door, on each side of it, are a sea-horseand a dolphin. There were more figures and occu-pations in this grotto, and I regr
RM2ANDR47–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . rou encounter figures from the Etruscan • Ann. Inst. 1871, pp. «r>—27 (Klucg- Tcylikes of this description made at Naucra-inaini). Mon. Inst. IX. lav. 26, tav. tis on the Nile.dagg. A.B.C. Athenseus (XI. Gl) speaks of G At Mancinis scavi you will find a man, llflliiliil! Illill f,i!li i ii ra.»..-J; lillli iliiiJ ii! i* ? Ml HI. a! ?iili!1:!., lib) ? HI. mi i [?I I ,,: ..!, chap. xxxvii.J TOMBA DELLE DUE BIOHE. 51 spirit-world; on the right door-post Charun, with bluish flesh andyellow wings, brandishes a snake to keep out intruders ; oppositehim stand
RM2AN0962–Tour to the sepulchres of Etruria, in 1839 . A two-handled vase with white and red figures. The subject isThetis bringing armour to Achilles. She presents him with a shield,on which the sacred tripod is represented, and with two spears. 4. A Panathenaic prize vase, esteemed of very great value. It hastwo stout handles : on one side is Minerva, the patroness of the games,armed with her shield, and about to throw the spear. On the side ofthe vase are the words • Ton athen ethen athlon, in Etruscan cha-racters ; and on the reverse are four foot-racers, the first of whom hashis foot just beyond th
RM2ANDJJC–The cities and cemeteries of Etruria . ombs of Naples. Ann. Inst. 1829,p. 65; 1841, p. 19. 6 This appears the most probable mean-ing. It is confirmed by what Herodotustells us of Sesosfcris, who, in his victoriousmarch through Asia, to express his con-tempt for those people who had offeredlittle or no resistance to his arms, set upstelce in their lands, and carved thereonthe converse of this symbol. II. 102. 7 The occurrence of this symbol on thewalls of Pelasgic cities may be explainedby the worship that ancient people paid tothe phallic Hermes. It was they who in- 120 FIESOLE. [chap. xli. Fo