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RMPG421D–. Nature study and life. Nature study. IS4. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Hodge, Clifton Fremont, 1859-. Boston and London, Ginn & Co.
RMRDHG08–. Nature study and life. Nature study. 124 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE damaged. The parent is a small black sawfly with smoky wings. Numbers may be caught about the rose bushes on sunny mornings in May or early June. When full-grown the larvce burrow into the ground and there pass the winter. Several authorities — Harris, Comstock, Cragin — state that there are two broods of rose slugs a year. Miss Murt- feldt's experiments, with which the writer's observations agree, prove that there is but a single brood. The Pear-Tree Slug, Eriocanipa ccrasi, is the larva of a sawfly about the size of the above,
RMPG41F1–. Nature study and life. Nature study. 3^4. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Hodge, Clifton Fremont, 1859-. Boston and London, Ginn & Co.
RMRDH9T9–. Nature study and life. Nature study. io8 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE it would seem that either pollen or particles of dust that had absorbed the oil from the leaves must be carriers for the poison. Ordinary washing, even with soap, merely. Fig. 44. Poison Ivy spreads the oil and serves to rub it in. If poisoning has occurred, or if there has been serious exposure in hand- ling or destroying the plants, affected or exposed parts should be bathed in a strong solution of lead acetate in. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for rea
RMPG4A2H–. Nature study and life. Nature study. 436 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE language lessons, and for study and genuine acquaintance. A small pool in one edge of the bed will add to its beauty and may support a collection of interesting water ferns. Aside from their grace and beauty the interesting fact connected with the study of ferns is their method of repro- duction by spores. Watch the underside of the leaves, and when the fruit dots, or sori, as they are called, turn. Fig. 177. Collection of Ferns George Putnam School, Roxbury, Mass. brown and appear to be ripe, distribute pieces of the leaf to the
RMRDG4XG–. Nature study and life. Nature study. AQUARIA 399 For larger sizes it is safe to say that angle iron or aluminium bronze, either cast in a single piece or riveted at the corners, would be preferable. The corners of all sizes larger than 8x10x5, around the bottom and up the vertical angles, should be laid as represented in cross-section in Fig. 161, with a prism of cement in the angle, covered by a narrow strip of glass. This greatly strengthens the joint and protects the water from the cement.1 A good aquarium cement, for either fresh or salt water, is made by mixing dry ten parts each, by me
RMPG4200–. Nature study and life. Nature study. i66 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE good-sized flower pot, fasten the pot securely, and fill it with fine, rich soil. This will have to be watered carefully every day in dry weather. By either of these methods you can have a strong vine, which you should sever from the parent and plant where you wish it to grow as soon as the leaves fall off in autumn. Transplanting. — Prepare a large hole, make it three or four feet wide, so that the slender roots can be spread out naturally in it, mellow the soil deep (if the ground is poor, dig it out and put in a wheel- barrow
RMRDHG15–. Nature study and life. Nature study. GARDEN INSECTS 219 it not for one pernicious kind, also a foreign importa- tion, that now menaces the best horticultural interests of almost the whole country. Every child who has a garden should learn to know the San Jos6, or pernicious, scale, Aspidiotus pemiciosus. The San Jos6 scale takes its name from the place of its introduction into this country, the San Jose valley, which took place through the medium of treea imported from Chili. Its original home may be Australia, but in spite of diligent search this has not been fully settled. It may have come
RMPG49YD–. Nature study and life. Nature study. 466 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE and we will place upon each of the glasses a bit of compressed yeast the size of a pin head. Ask each to divide his yeast, first in halves, then one-half in halves again, and so on until he has a particle that he can just see. Let the pupils now plant these just visible particles in their vials. They may then cork them and observe the growth that takes place from day to day. If a piece of rubber dam is stretched over the top of one of the bottles containing fruit juice and tied tightly, the gases produced by the growth of the yea
![. Nature study and life. Nature study. 3o8 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE by a pair each year, and that the life of a robin is ten years, we shall have : 1st year ( 2 + 2d 3d 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th loth 50th looth (12 10) 60) 360) 12 robins. 72 " 432 " 2.592 " . 15.552 " 93.312 " 559.S72 " 3.359.232 " 20,155,392 " 120,932,352 " 1,616,400,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 " ,320,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,- 000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 robins. If we do not have all the robins we want (and this applie Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDKP62/nature-study-and-life-nature-study-3o8-nature-study-and-life-by-a-pair-each-year-and-that-the-life-of-a-robin-is-ten-years-we-shall-have-1st-year-2-2d-3d-4th-5th-6th-7th-8th-9th-loth-50th-looth-12-10-60-360-12-robins-72-quot-432-quot-2592-quot-15552-quot-93312-quot-559s72-quot-3359232-quot-20155392-quot-120932352-quot-1616400000000000000000000000000000000000-quot-320000000000000000000000000000000000000000000-000000000000000000000000000000000-robins-if-we-do-not-have-all-the-robins-we-want-and-this-applie-RDKP62.jpg ". Nature study and life. Nature study. 3o8 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE by a pair each year, and that the life of a robin is ten years, we shall have : 1st year ( 2 + 2d 3d 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th loth 50th looth (12 10) 60) 360) 12 robins. 72 " 432 " 2.592 " . 15.552 " 93.312 " 559.S72 " 3.359.232 " 20,155,392 " 120,932,352 " 1,616,400,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 " ,320,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,- 000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 robins. If we do not have all the robins we want (and this applie Stock Photo")
RMRDKP62–. Nature study and life. Nature study. 3o8 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE by a pair each year, and that the life of a robin is ten years, we shall have : 1st year ( 2 + 2d 3d 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th loth 50th looth (12 10) 60) 360) 12 robins. 72 " 432 " 2.592 " . 15.552 " 93.312 " 559.S72 " 3.359.232 " 20,155,392 " 120,932,352 " 1,616,400,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 " ,320,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,- 000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 robins. If we do not have all the robins we want (and this applie
RMPG41PH–. Nature study and life. Nature study. 124 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE damaged. The parent is a small black sawfly with smoky wings. Numbers may be caught about the rose bushes on sunny mornings in May or early June. When full-grown the larvce burrow into the ground and there pass the winter. Several authorities — Harris, Comstock, Cragin — state that there are two broods of rose slugs a year. Miss Murt- feldt's experiments, with which the writer's observations agree, prove that there is but a single brood. The Pear-Tree Slug, Eriocanipa ccrasi, is the larva of a sawfly about the size of the above,
![. Nature study and life. Nature study. PROPAGATION OF PLANTS 171 cold cellar in moist sand or moss. Cut your scions from the ends of strong bearing limbs fully exposed to sunlight and air, since these have been found to do much better than the large tempting "water shoots " that often spring up in the center of the tree. There are about fifty methods of grafting described in the books, but they are all different ways of doing one. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of t Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDHGET/nature-study-and-life-nature-study-propagation-of-plants-171-cold-cellar-in-moist-sand-or-moss-cut-your-scions-from-the-ends-of-strong-bearing-limbs-fully-exposed-to-sunlight-and-air-since-these-have-been-found-to-do-much-better-than-the-large-tempting-quotwater-shoots-quot-that-often-spring-up-in-the-center-of-the-tree-there-are-about-fifty-methods-of-grafting-described-in-the-books-but-they-are-all-different-ways-of-doing-one-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-t-RDHGET.jpg ". Nature study and life. Nature study. PROPAGATION OF PLANTS 171 cold cellar in moist sand or moss. Cut your scions from the ends of strong bearing limbs fully exposed to sunlight and air, since these have been found to do much better than the large tempting "water shoots " that often spring up in the center of the tree. There are about fifty methods of grafting described in the books, but they are all different ways of doing one. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of t Stock Photo")
RMRDHGET–. Nature study and life. Nature study. PROPAGATION OF PLANTS 171 cold cellar in moist sand or moss. Cut your scions from the ends of strong bearing limbs fully exposed to sunlight and air, since these have been found to do much better than the large tempting "water shoots " that often spring up in the center of the tree. There are about fifty methods of grafting described in the books, but they are all different ways of doing one. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of t
RMPG41CX–. Nature study and life. Nature study. ELEMENTARY FORESTRY 385 In connection with geography lessons trace the journey of the soil that is being carried from the district, until it reaches the ocean. Has the teacher or have members of the class visited any of the cities along the route and. Fig, 155. Tenement Houses made Beautiful (Photograph by Louis P. Nash, Ilolyoke, Mass.) observed the working of dredges in deepening the chan- nels and cleaning the mud out of the harbors ? Many milhons of dollars are expended annually in river and harbor improvements, much of which might be saved by keeping
![. Nature study and life. Nature study. THE POINT OF VIEW can only be developed by struggle, by active, intelli- gent, patient overcoming of difficulties, the elements that achieved success throughout the ancient travail of the race. It is still "To him that overcometh"; and nothing can take the place of the hard task in education. But there need be no reversion to barbarism. In fact, the. Fig. I. Primitive Ghrman Home and its Occupations (From a painting by Joli. Gehrts) work should all be planned to exert the strongest possible uplift toward civilization instead. Dominion over Anima Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDMHNE/nature-study-and-life-nature-study-the-point-of-view-can-only-be-developed-by-struggle-by-active-intelli-gent-patient-overcoming-of-difficulties-the-elements-that-achieved-success-throughout-the-ancient-travail-of-the-race-it-is-still-quotto-him-that-overcomethquot-and-nothing-can-take-the-place-of-the-hard-task-in-education-but-there-need-be-no-reversion-to-barbarism-in-fact-the-fig-i-primitive-ghrman-home-and-its-occupations-from-a-painting-by-joli-gehrts-work-should-all-be-planned-to-exert-the-strongest-possible-uplift-toward-civilization-instead-dominion-over-anima-RDMHNE.jpg ". Nature study and life. Nature study. THE POINT OF VIEW can only be developed by struggle, by active, intelli- gent, patient overcoming of difficulties, the elements that achieved success throughout the ancient travail of the race. It is still "To him that overcometh"; and nothing can take the place of the hard task in education. But there need be no reversion to barbarism. In fact, the. Fig. I. Primitive Ghrman Home and its Occupations (From a painting by Joli. Gehrts) work should all be planned to exert the strongest possible uplift toward civilization instead. Dominion over Anima Stock Photo")
RMRDMHNE–. Nature study and life. Nature study. THE POINT OF VIEW can only be developed by struggle, by active, intelli- gent, patient overcoming of difficulties, the elements that achieved success throughout the ancient travail of the race. It is still "To him that overcometh"; and nothing can take the place of the hard task in education. But there need be no reversion to barbarism. In fact, the. Fig. I. Primitive Ghrman Home and its Occupations (From a painting by Joli. Gehrts) work should all be planned to exert the strongest possible uplift toward civilization instead. Dominion over Anima
RMPG41BB–. Nature study and life. Nature study. 404. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Hodge, Clifton Fremont, 1859-. Boston and London, Ginn & Co.
![. Nature study and life. Nature study. INSECTS OF THE HOUSEHOLD 89 monthly list of publications, the facsimile heading of which is as follows : This Circular "will be se?tt regularly to all who apply for it UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Division of Publications Washington, D.C, Nov. 30, igoi MONTHLY LIST OF PUBLICATIONS November^ 1901^ Note. — To obtain those publications to which a Price is ajfixed, application must be made to the Su/rerifiteftdent of Docur}ie?tts, Union Buildi7tg, IVashingtort, D.C, to whom all remittances must be directed. The Department of Atjriculture does Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDMH7J/nature-study-and-life-nature-study-insects-of-the-household-89-monthly-list-of-publications-the-facsimile-heading-of-which-is-as-follows-this-circular-quotwill-be-sett-regularly-to-all-who-apply-for-it-united-states-department-of-agriculture-division-of-publications-washington-dc-nov-30-igoi-monthly-list-of-publications-november-1901-note-to-obtain-those-publications-to-which-a-price-is-ajfixed-application-must-be-made-to-the-surerifiteftdent-of-docurietts-union-buildi7tg-ivashingtort-dc-to-whom-all-remittances-must-be-directed-the-department-of-atjriculture-does-RDMH7J.jpg ". Nature study and life. Nature study. INSECTS OF THE HOUSEHOLD 89 monthly list of publications, the facsimile heading of which is as follows : This Circular "will be se?tt regularly to all who apply for it UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Division of Publications Washington, D.C, Nov. 30, igoi MONTHLY LIST OF PUBLICATIONS November^ 1901^ Note. — To obtain those publications to which a Price is ajfixed, application must be made to the Su/rerifiteftdent of Docur}ie?tts, Union Buildi7tg, IVashingtort, D.C, to whom all remittances must be directed. The Department of Atjriculture does Stock Photo")
RMRDMH7J–. Nature study and life. Nature study. INSECTS OF THE HOUSEHOLD 89 monthly list of publications, the facsimile heading of which is as follows : This Circular "will be se?tt regularly to all who apply for it UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Division of Publications Washington, D.C, Nov. 30, igoi MONTHLY LIST OF PUBLICATIONS November^ 1901^ Note. — To obtain those publications to which a Price is ajfixed, application must be made to the Su/rerifiteftdent of Docur}ie?tts, Union Buildi7tg, IVashingtort, D.C, to whom all remittances must be directed. The Department of Atjriculture does
RMPG4212–. Nature study and life. Nature study. to the plants. The best of memories are apt to play all sorts of pranks, and this is only a safe and easy precau- tion. Label the flower, so that there can be no possibility of mistake. When the seeds are ripe, plant them care- fully in soil that has been thoroughly baked, or that you are sure does not contain a single seed of the kind you are to plant in it. With such seeds the chances are greater that you may rear a flower or fruit that combines the qualities of both parents and is possibly the finest of its kind in the world. Layers, Run- ners, Cutting
![. Nature study and life. Nature study. PLAN FOR INSECT STUDY 49 pupa case is split open on the back, and the adult insect emerges ; the fourth and last stage begins. The adult female lays the eggs, and the life story from egg around to egg again is completed. This change of form in insects is called "metamorphosis." A few insects hatch out from the egg more nearly like their parents in form. Children will notice this in the case of their grasshop- per or water-bug eggs. Insects that do not thus completely change their form are said to present an incomplete metamorphosis, and the youn Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDHH0A/nature-study-and-life-nature-study-plan-for-insect-study-49-pupa-case-is-split-open-on-the-back-and-the-adult-insect-emerges-the-fourth-and-last-stage-begins-the-adult-female-lays-the-eggs-and-the-life-story-from-egg-around-to-egg-again-is-completed-this-change-of-form-in-insects-is-called-quotmetamorphosisquot-a-few-insects-hatch-out-from-the-egg-more-nearly-like-their-parents-in-form-children-will-notice-this-in-the-case-of-their-grasshop-per-or-water-bug-eggs-insects-that-do-not-thus-completely-change-their-form-are-said-to-present-an-incomplete-metamorphosis-and-the-youn-RDHH0A.jpg ". Nature study and life. Nature study. PLAN FOR INSECT STUDY 49 pupa case is split open on the back, and the adult insect emerges ; the fourth and last stage begins. The adult female lays the eggs, and the life story from egg around to egg again is completed. This change of form in insects is called "metamorphosis." A few insects hatch out from the egg more nearly like their parents in form. Children will notice this in the case of their grasshop- per or water-bug eggs. Insects that do not thus completely change their form are said to present an incomplete metamorphosis, and the youn Stock Photo")
RMRDHH0A–. Nature study and life. Nature study. PLAN FOR INSECT STUDY 49 pupa case is split open on the back, and the adult insect emerges ; the fourth and last stage begins. The adult female lays the eggs, and the life story from egg around to egg again is completed. This change of form in insects is called "metamorphosis." A few insects hatch out from the egg more nearly like their parents in form. Children will notice this in the case of their grasshop- per or water-bug eggs. Insects that do not thus completely change their form are said to present an incomplete metamorphosis, and the youn
![. Nature study and life. Nature study. 446 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE within the tubes or pores, in a. constant shower; but tliey are tar too small to see. Cut off the stem close to the gills and la}' the mushroom, L;ills clown, on a piece of paper and cover it with a yiass so tight that not the slightest current of air can enter. The spores will then fall straight down antl di^aw a picture of the under surface of the mush- room. We make, in other words, a "spore print." A few. Fig. iSo. Thi; L)iiai>lv Amanita SporL- print of these will greatly aid the children in forming clear ideas a Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG4A21/nature-study-and-life-nature-study-446-nature-study-and-life-within-the-tubes-or-pores-in-a-constant-shower-but-tliey-are-tar-too-small-to-see-cut-off-the-stem-close-to-the-gills-and-la-the-mushroom-lills-clown-on-a-piece-of-paper-and-cover-it-with-a-yiass-so-tight-that-not-the-slightest-current-of-air-can-enter-the-spores-will-then-fall-straight-down-antl-diaw-a-picture-of-the-under-surface-of-the-mush-room-we-make-in-other-words-a-quotspore-printquot-a-few-fig-iso-thi-liiaigtlv-amanita-sporl-print-of-these-will-greatly-aid-the-children-in-forming-clear-ideas-a-PG4A21.jpg ". Nature study and life. Nature study. 446 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE within the tubes or pores, in a. constant shower; but tliey are tar too small to see. Cut off the stem close to the gills and la}' the mushroom, L;ills clown, on a piece of paper and cover it with a yiass so tight that not the slightest current of air can enter. The spores will then fall straight down antl di^aw a picture of the under surface of the mush- room. We make, in other words, a "spore print." A few. Fig. iSo. Thi; L)iiai>lv Amanita SporL- print of these will greatly aid the children in forming clear ideas a Stock Photo")
RMPG4A21–. Nature study and life. Nature study. 446 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE within the tubes or pores, in a. constant shower; but tliey are tar too small to see. Cut off the stem close to the gills and la}' the mushroom, L;ills clown, on a piece of paper and cover it with a yiass so tight that not the slightest current of air can enter. The spores will then fall straight down antl di^aw a picture of the under surface of the mush- room. We make, in other words, a "spore print." A few. Fig. iSo. Thi; L)iiai>lv Amanita SporL- print of these will greatly aid the children in forming clear ideas a
RMRDKNWX–. Nature study and life. Nature study. 400 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE How to set up or fill the aquarium for general purposes is the next topic. First put in about two inches of sand, washed until a stream of water runs off clear; then, with the sand only moist, set the plants about the corners, making furrows in the sand in different directions and laying the roots in them ; finally, arrange pebbles, shells, and larger stones about the bottom where they will keep the plants in place. Next pour in the water up to within an inch of the top, hold- ing the hand or a piece of thin board so as to break
RMPG41MT–. Nature study and life. Nature study. INSECTS BENEFICIAL AND BEAUTIFUL 247 I was watching, hunt over the surface inch by inch for a likely place to drill; but, after about an hour's search, she flew away. Certainly nothing I have ever observed has so impressed upon my mind the marvelous perfection of Nature's mechanisms and the completeness with which every darkest nook and corner of her domain is guarded. A horntail, Tremex, bores deep into the tree and deposits her egg. Who would think that any harm could reach it there.'' But the ichneumon fly is armed and equipped for. Fig. 102. Black Tha
![. Nature study and life. Nature study. 374 NATURE STUDY AND LIFP: ;r, in my vari- Instead of inclosing the trees in guards, it has always seemed more fitting tlie ci-ime if those who injure them were put into the guards for a while. Still, accidents are likely to happen, and cheaper and less conspicuous guards may be made with strong wire netting fas- tened ai'ound the trunk, as shown in Fig. 14S. However, ous travels I have found at least one city where ])ublic sentiment ade- quatelv protects the shade trees of its beautiful streets. This city is Richmond, Indiana, and it may well stand as th Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDG507/nature-study-and-life-nature-study-374-nature-study-and-lifp-r-in-my-vari-instead-of-inclosing-the-trees-in-guards-it-has-always-seemed-more-fitting-tlie-ci-ime-if-those-who-injure-them-were-put-into-the-guards-for-a-while-still-accidents-are-likely-to-happen-and-cheaper-and-less-conspicuous-guards-may-be-made-with-strong-wire-netting-fas-tened-aiound-the-trunk-as-shown-in-fig-14s-however-ous-travels-i-have-found-at-least-one-city-where-ublic-sentiment-ade-quatelv-protects-the-shade-trees-of-its-beautiful-streets-this-city-is-richmond-indiana-and-it-may-well-stand-as-th-RDG507.jpg ". Nature study and life. Nature study. 374 NATURE STUDY AND LIFP: ;r, in my vari- Instead of inclosing the trees in guards, it has always seemed more fitting tlie ci-ime if those who injure them were put into the guards for a while. Still, accidents are likely to happen, and cheaper and less conspicuous guards may be made with strong wire netting fas- tened ai'ound the trunk, as shown in Fig. 14S. However, ous travels I have found at least one city where ])ublic sentiment ade- quatelv protects the shade trees of its beautiful streets. This city is Richmond, Indiana, and it may well stand as th Stock Photo")
RMRDG507–. Nature study and life. Nature study. 374 NATURE STUDY AND LIFP: ;r, in my vari- Instead of inclosing the trees in guards, it has always seemed more fitting tlie ci-ime if those who injure them were put into the guards for a while. Still, accidents are likely to happen, and cheaper and less conspicuous guards may be made with strong wire netting fas- tened ai'ound the trunk, as shown in Fig. 14S. However, ous travels I have found at least one city where ])ublic sentiment ade- quatelv protects the shade trees of its beautiful streets. This city is Richmond, Indiana, and it may well stand as th
![. Nature study and life. Nature study. 178 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE then, we must prune our ambitious little tree back to a " whip," removing all the side branches and cutting off the top to within two or three feet of the ground (Fig, J},):^ As the buds start again we will allow only three or four to grow, being careful that they do not form crotches which may split the tree later on. There will be demurrings, but you have learned what a bud can do, and one strong branch is better than t en weak ones in this stage of the tree's growth. By allowing ' This matter of prun- ing baclc, espe Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG41XW/nature-study-and-life-nature-study-178-nature-study-and-life-then-we-must-prune-our-ambitious-little-tree-back-to-a-quot-whipquot-removing-all-the-side-branches-and-cutting-off-the-top-to-within-two-or-three-feet-of-the-ground-fig-j-as-the-buds-start-again-we-will-allow-only-three-or-four-to-grow-being-careful-that-they-do-not-form-crotches-which-may-split-the-tree-later-on-there-will-be-demurrings-but-you-have-learned-what-a-bud-can-do-and-one-strong-branch-is-better-than-t-en-weak-ones-in-this-stage-of-the-trees-growth-by-allowing-this-matter-of-prun-ing-baclc-espe-PG41XW.jpg ". Nature study and life. Nature study. 178 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE then, we must prune our ambitious little tree back to a " whip," removing all the side branches and cutting off the top to within two or three feet of the ground (Fig, J},):^ As the buds start again we will allow only three or four to grow, being careful that they do not form crotches which may split the tree later on. There will be demurrings, but you have learned what a bud can do, and one strong branch is better than t en weak ones in this stage of the tree's growth. By allowing ' This matter of prun- ing baclc, espe Stock Photo")
RMPG41XW–. Nature study and life. Nature study. 178 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE then, we must prune our ambitious little tree back to a " whip," removing all the side branches and cutting off the top to within two or three feet of the ground (Fig, J},):^ As the buds start again we will allow only three or four to grow, being careful that they do not form crotches which may split the tree later on. There will be demurrings, but you have learned what a bud can do, and one strong branch is better than t en weak ones in this stage of the tree's growth. By allowing ' This matter of prun- ing baclc, espe
RMRDGEC2–. Nature study and life. Nature study. i6o NATURE STUDY AND LIFE. to the plants. The best of memories are apt to play all sorts of pranks, and this is only a safe and easy precau- tion. Label the flower, so that there can be no possibility of mistake. When the seeds are ripe, plant them care- fully in soil that has been thoroughly baked, or that you are sure does not contain a single seed of the kind you are to plant in it. With such seeds the chances are greater that you may rear a flower or fruit that combines the qualities of both parents and is possibly the finest of its kind in the world.
RMPG41KF–. Nature study and life. Nature study. 276 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE they? This question may be answered by searching over the lot about sundown or after a shower. Do they have enough to keep the ground free from insects ? How large are their toads ? I^et us see who can bring in the biggest toad, and the smallest. What kinds of places do toads select to spend the day in ? This is an important point. It will be found that they choose moist, shady places, under stones, leaves, or, more often, under boards. Are there enough such shel-. Fk;. Just BEFriRE ters well distributed about their gardens .'' B
![. Nature study and life. Nature study. TAMING AND FEEDING BIRDS 351 dare until we reassure it of our good intentions, possibly by withdrawing a little or by sitting down and pretending to look the other way. We must always remember that one careless or hostile act may make a bird " wild " for life. I mention these points in order that we may unite intelligently in taming the birds about our homes by doing only those things that assure them and make them feel that we are their friends. Among the little acts by which we are able to give this assurance the proffer of food is the most ef Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDKP23/nature-study-and-life-nature-study-taming-and-feeding-birds-351-dare-until-we-reassure-it-of-our-good-intentions-possibly-by-withdrawing-a-little-or-by-sitting-down-and-pretending-to-look-the-other-way-we-must-always-remember-that-one-careless-or-hostile-act-may-make-a-bird-quot-wild-quot-for-life-i-mention-these-points-in-order-that-we-may-unite-intelligently-in-taming-the-birds-about-our-homes-by-doing-only-those-things-that-assure-them-and-make-them-feel-that-we-are-their-friends-among-the-little-acts-by-which-we-are-able-to-give-this-assurance-the-proffer-of-food-is-the-most-ef-RDKP23.jpg ". Nature study and life. Nature study. TAMING AND FEEDING BIRDS 351 dare until we reassure it of our good intentions, possibly by withdrawing a little or by sitting down and pretending to look the other way. We must always remember that one careless or hostile act may make a bird " wild " for life. I mention these points in order that we may unite intelligently in taming the birds about our homes by doing only those things that assure them and make them feel that we are their friends. Among the little acts by which we are able to give this assurance the proffer of food is the most ef Stock Photo")
RMRDKP23–. Nature study and life. Nature study. TAMING AND FEEDING BIRDS 351 dare until we reassure it of our good intentions, possibly by withdrawing a little or by sitting down and pretending to look the other way. We must always remember that one careless or hostile act may make a bird " wild " for life. I mention these points in order that we may unite intelligently in taming the birds about our homes by doing only those things that assure them and make them feel that we are their friends. Among the little acts by which we are able to give this assurance the proffer of food is the most ef
RMPG0R3R–. Nature study and life. Nature study. ^o NATURE STUDY AND LIFE Few people realize the importance of water to bird life. How many times a day a bird drinks I have never seen stated or even mentioned in any of the books.^ But we 1 Water may be pro- vided by placing a shallow dish on a short post, high enough to be out of the reach of cats. The water should be from one-half inch deep on the shallow side to two or three inches ill the deepest part, which may be accomplished by either tilting the dish or by partially filling it with washed sand or fine gravel. A large flowerpot saucer makfs a good
RMRDHG9B–. Nature study and life. Nature study. 190 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE trees, generally within eighteen inches of the ground. The eggs are brown, and almost seven hundred have been counted in a single female. They are glued to the bark and hatch in about a week, and the little borer immediately crawls into a crack, bores down to the juicy inner bark and there remains for about ten months, feeding during all but freezing- weather. It then makes its brown cocoon, generally on the tree trunk close to the ground, and after three weeks emerges to repeat the story. The moths are day fliers, are not at- tr
RMPG424F–. Nature study and life. Nature study. ELEMENTARY BOTANY 109 dilute alcohol (alcohol one-fourth to one-half water, with as much sugar of lead as will dissolve cold). This will quickly neutralize the poison and prevent further injury. Clothes, towels, even the handles of tools that have been used by those engaged in destroying poison ivy, must be thoroughly washed in strong hot soapsuds, or in the lead acetate solution, before being allowed to come in contact with any one else. The sugar of lead solution is itself poisonous, if taken internally. We cannot, of course, ask children to bring in sp
RMRDKP0N–. Nature study and life. Nature study. ELEMENTARY FORESTRY 375 October to May ? If not, ask the class to explain why not. Let them ask their parents about the history of nut trees in the neigh- borhood to find out whether they have in- creased or decreased in number during their recollection. Let them ascertain, so far as possible, the causes for de- crease in nut trees, if such has occurred, and encourage them to reason out the best ways by which these causes may be counteracted and nut trees increased. In the writer's experience abuse of nut trees, and of those who own them, is the chief rea
RMPG4A3F–. Nature study and life. Nature study. MISCELLANEOUS ANIMALS 427 may whistle, shout, or even fire a toy pistol, but the worms give no response. They cannot hear at all. To test for smell, place a bit of onion a little to one side and near the head of the worm. It soon reaches about and finds it. It can smell a little. This experiment may be made with the worms in the aquarium, as Darwin has shown, by burying the onion, when it will always be found and dug up by the worms. Lacking all the special senses that higher animals use so much, if a worm lets go the burrow, it cannot find it again, but
RMRDKNR5–. Nature study and life. Nature study. MISCELLANEOUS ANIMALS 427 may whistle, shout, or even fire a toy pistol, but the worms give no response. They cannot hear at all. To test for smell, place a bit of onion a little to one side and near the head of the worm. It soon reaches about and finds it. It can smell a little. This experiment may be made with the worms in the aquarium, as Darwin has shown, by burying the onion, when it will always be found and dug up by the worms. Lacking all the special senses that higher animals use so much, if a worm lets go the burrow, it cannot find it again, but
![. Nature study and life. Nature study. 3o8 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE by a pair each year, and that the hfe of a robin is ten years, we shall have : 1st year { 2 + lo) 2d " (i2 + 60) (72 + 360) 12 rr)bins. 72 " 3d 4lh 5th 6th 7 th Sth 9th loth 50th 100th 43- =.592 " 15.552 " 93.312 " 559.872 " 3.359.232 " 20,155,392 " 120,932,352 " 1,616,400,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 " 1,320,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,- 000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 robins.. If we do not have all the robins we want (and th Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG0R4M/nature-study-and-life-nature-study-3o8-nature-study-and-life-by-a-pair-each-year-and-that-the-hfe-of-a-robin-is-ten-years-we-shall-have-1st-year-2-lo-2d-quot-i2-60-72-360-12-rrbins-72-quot-3d-4lh-5th-6th-7-th-sth-9th-loth-50th-100th-43-=592-quot-15552-quot-93312-quot-559872-quot-3359232-quot-20155392-quot-120932352-quot-1616400000000000000000000000000000000000-quot-1320000000000000000000000000000000000000000000-000000000000000000000000000000000-robins-if-we-do-not-have-all-the-robins-we-want-and-th-PG0R4M.jpg ". Nature study and life. Nature study. 3o8 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE by a pair each year, and that the hfe of a robin is ten years, we shall have : 1st year { 2 + lo) 2d " (i2 + 60) (72 + 360) 12 rr)bins. 72 " 3d 4lh 5th 6th 7 th Sth 9th loth 50th 100th 43- =.592 " 15.552 " 93.312 " 559.872 " 3.359.232 " 20,155,392 " 120,932,352 " 1,616,400,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 " 1,320,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,- 000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 robins.. If we do not have all the robins we want (and th Stock Photo")
RMPG0R4M–. Nature study and life. Nature study. 3o8 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE by a pair each year, and that the hfe of a robin is ten years, we shall have : 1st year { 2 + lo) 2d " (i2 + 60) (72 + 360) 12 rr)bins. 72 " 3d 4lh 5th 6th 7 th Sth 9th loth 50th 100th 43- =.592 " 15.552 " 93.312 " 559.872 " 3.359.232 " 20,155,392 " 120,932,352 " 1,616,400,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 " 1,320,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,- 000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 robins.. If we do not have all the robins we want (and th
RMRDG52C–. Nature study and life. Nature study. TAMING AND FEEDING BIRDS 353 being swallowed alive. It is a rare lesson in gentleness to capture a young bird without frightening it, but if successfully done, your bird is practically tame. If even a young bird is caught after a severe chase, it is likely to be days, weeks, and even months, before the effects of its fright can be obliterated, and I have known one case of a young robin that had not recovered from the effect of such treatment in connec- tion with its capture after more than a year. I have one reason for mentioning these facts. It is not th
![. Nature study and life. Nature study. VALUES OF NATURE STUDY 31 happiness, that is replete with dynamic possibilities of fresh life and activity in directions forever new." Nature is given as the great matrix with which we are to create, and to go through life with no attempt to gain a knowledge of it, with no effort to learn its possibilities, is dull, dead atheism. The child that puts forth creative effort to make the world better, the child that plants a seed or cares for the life of an animal, is working hand in hand with nature and the Creator, and what higher reli- gious developmen Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG42DH/nature-study-and-life-nature-study-values-of-nature-study-31-happiness-that-is-replete-with-dynamic-possibilities-of-fresh-life-and-activity-in-directions-forever-newquot-nature-is-given-as-the-great-matrix-with-which-we-are-to-create-and-to-go-through-life-with-no-attempt-to-gain-a-knowledge-of-it-with-no-effort-to-learn-its-possibilities-is-dull-dead-atheism-the-child-that-puts-forth-creative-effort-to-make-the-world-better-the-child-that-plants-a-seed-or-cares-for-the-life-of-an-animal-is-working-hand-in-hand-with-nature-and-the-creator-and-what-higher-reli-gious-developmen-PG42DH.jpg ". Nature study and life. Nature study. VALUES OF NATURE STUDY 31 happiness, that is replete with dynamic possibilities of fresh life and activity in directions forever new." Nature is given as the great matrix with which we are to create, and to go through life with no attempt to gain a knowledge of it, with no effort to learn its possibilities, is dull, dead atheism. The child that puts forth creative effort to make the world better, the child that plants a seed or cares for the life of an animal, is working hand in hand with nature and the Creator, and what higher reli- gious developmen Stock Photo")
RMPG42DH–. Nature study and life. Nature study. VALUES OF NATURE STUDY 31 happiness, that is replete with dynamic possibilities of fresh life and activity in directions forever new." Nature is given as the great matrix with which we are to create, and to go through life with no attempt to gain a knowledge of it, with no effort to learn its possibilities, is dull, dead atheism. The child that puts forth creative effort to make the world better, the child that plants a seed or cares for the life of an animal, is working hand in hand with nature and the Creator, and what higher reli- gious developmen
![. Nature study and life. Nature study. 294 NA'I'IIKI': STUDY y N I > l,ll''K (Iciiionstralc its iiscliilnL'ss. 'I'o complete llic i)roccss of (Ioiiicstic;i.l ion it is only iieccssaiy to (Icvrlop tlio inlcl- ligcncc and sym|ialliy that shall allord il iinivcisal |ji(] tection. In addition, l)cloi( - considering a species a lull meniher of the hmnan household, it is generally neces- sary to discover means ol breeding it in conhnemeni or under human control. With this condition mcl, in the manner .already described, there will remain no doulil Ihat we have addc'd a new and important species Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDG5B3/nature-study-and-life-nature-study-294-naiiiki-study-y-n-i-gt-lllk-iciiionstralc-its-iiscliilnlss-io-complete-llic-iroccss-of-ioiiicsticil-ion-it-is-only-iieccssaiy-to-icvrlop-tlio-inlcl-ligcncc-and-symialliy-that-shall-allord-il-iinivcisal-ji-tection-in-addition-lcloi-considering-a-species-a-lull-meniher-of-the-hmnan-household-it-is-generally-neces-sary-to-discover-means-ol-breeding-it-in-conhnemeni-or-under-human-control-with-this-condition-mcl-in-the-manner-already-described-there-will-remain-no-doulil-ihat-we-have-addcd-a-new-and-important-species-RDG5B3.jpg ". Nature study and life. Nature study. 294 NA'I'IIKI': STUDY y N I > l,ll''K (Iciiionstralc its iiscliilnL'ss. 'I'o complete llic i)roccss of (Ioiiicstic;i.l ion it is only iieccssaiy to (Icvrlop tlio inlcl- ligcncc and sym|ialliy that shall allord il iinivcisal |ji(] tection. In addition, l)cloi( - considering a species a lull meniher of the hmnan household, it is generally neces- sary to discover means ol breeding it in conhnemeni or under human control. With this condition mcl, in the manner .already described, there will remain no doulil Ihat we have addc'd a new and important species Stock Photo")
RMRDG5B3–. Nature study and life. Nature study. 294 NA'I'IIKI': STUDY y N I > l,ll''K (Iciiionstralc its iiscliilnL'ss. 'I'o complete llic i)roccss of (Ioiiicstic;i.l ion it is only iieccssaiy to (Icvrlop tlio inlcl- ligcncc and sym|ialliy that shall allord il iinivcisal |ji(] tection. In addition, l)cloi( - considering a species a lull meniher of the hmnan household, it is generally neces- sary to discover means ol breeding it in conhnemeni or under human control. With this condition mcl, in the manner .already described, there will remain no doulil Ihat we have addc'd a new and important species
![. Nature study and life. Nature study. i88 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE east of the Mississippi River during the last quarter of a century, have lived to produce a crop of fruit without suf- fering moi'e or less from this dreaded borer." ^ I chanced recently to visit a young peach orcliard set out by a man with the view of raising peaches for market. The trees were. Fig. ;S. Pe.^ch-Tree Bmrers, M.ale and Female Female with broad yellow band across abdomen. (Photograph by Slingerland) only three or four years old and had begun to bear finely. As he was showing me about, I pointed to a mass of bor Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG41WT/nature-study-and-life-nature-study-i88-nature-study-and-life-east-of-the-mississippi-river-during-the-last-quarter-of-a-century-have-lived-to-produce-a-crop-of-fruit-without-suf-fering-moie-or-less-from-this-dreaded-borerquot-i-chanced-recently-to-visit-a-young-peach-orcliard-set-out-by-a-man-with-the-view-of-raising-peaches-for-market-the-trees-were-fig-s-pech-tree-bmrers-male-and-female-female-with-broad-yellow-band-across-abdomen-photograph-by-slingerland-only-three-or-four-years-old-and-had-begun-to-bear-finely-as-he-was-showing-me-about-i-pointed-to-a-mass-of-bor-PG41WT.jpg ". Nature study and life. Nature study. i88 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE east of the Mississippi River during the last quarter of a century, have lived to produce a crop of fruit without suf- fering moi'e or less from this dreaded borer." ^ I chanced recently to visit a young peach orcliard set out by a man with the view of raising peaches for market. The trees were. Fig. ;S. Pe.^ch-Tree Bmrers, M.ale and Female Female with broad yellow band across abdomen. (Photograph by Slingerland) only three or four years old and had begun to bear finely. As he was showing me about, I pointed to a mass of bor Stock Photo")
RMPG41WT–. Nature study and life. Nature study. i88 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE east of the Mississippi River during the last quarter of a century, have lived to produce a crop of fruit without suf- fering moi'e or less from this dreaded borer." ^ I chanced recently to visit a young peach orcliard set out by a man with the view of raising peaches for market. The trees were. Fig. ;S. Pe.^ch-Tree Bmrers, M.ale and Female Female with broad yellow band across abdomen. (Photograph by Slingerland) only three or four years old and had begun to bear finely. As he was showing me about, I pointed to a mass of bor
RMRDKPDP–. Nature study and life. Nature study. GARDEN INSECTS 219 it not for one pernicious kind, also a foreign importa- tion, tliat now menaces tiie best horticultural interests of almost the whole country. Every child who has a garden should learn to know the San Jose, or pernicious, scale, Aspidiotiis perniciosus. The San Jos6 scale takes its name from the place of its introduction into this country, the San Jose valley, which took place through the medium of trees imported from Chili. Its original home may be Australia, but in spite of diligent search this has not been fully settled. It may have
RMPG41Y3–. Nature study and life. Nature study. PROPAGATION OF PLANTS I7S top and bottom out of a tin can and, forcing it halfway into the ground, plant the seed in it. Otherwise we may not have a single tree to show for a dozen seeds. Nothing in the whole garden is more graceful than a seedling peach, and it grows faster than almost any other tree. By the end of the season, with good treat- ment, it should be about four feet tall and nearly an inch in diameter at the ground. Budding. — Along in September, or earlier farther south, we shall need to bud our tree, i.e., plant a bud of the desired variety
![. Nature study with common things; an elementary laboratory manual. Nature study. j Vertical ' Section RADISH. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Carter, Marion Hamilton. New York, Cincinnati [etc. ] American Book Company Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE54YK/nature-study-with-common-things-an-elementary-laboratory-manual-nature-study-j-vertical-section-radish-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-carter-marion-hamilton-new-york-cincinnati-etc-american-book-company-RE54YK.jpg ". Nature study with common things; an elementary laboratory manual. Nature study. j Vertical ' Section RADISH. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Carter, Marion Hamilton. New York, Cincinnati [etc. ] American Book Company Stock Photo")
RMRE54YK–. Nature study with common things; an elementary laboratory manual. Nature study. j Vertical ' Section RADISH. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Carter, Marion Hamilton. New York, Cincinnati [etc. ] American Book Company
![. Nature study and life. Nature study. IS8 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE them until they bear fruit, the one who finally discovers an apple better in some respect than all the rest, has become a benefactor of mankind ; for from the billions on billions of apple seeds that have been ripening for thousands of years we have only 299 kinds, some poor, some fair, some good — a few very good — only two best. We cannot see deep enough into the heart of nature to know just what benign influences joined hands to produce these "bests." But two apple blossoms on two different trees must have set out to Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG421A/nature-study-and-life-nature-study-is8-nature-study-and-life-them-until-they-bear-fruit-the-one-who-finally-discovers-an-apple-better-in-some-respect-than-all-the-rest-has-become-a-benefactor-of-mankind-for-from-the-billions-on-billions-of-apple-seeds-that-have-been-ripening-for-thousands-of-years-we-have-only-299-kinds-some-poor-some-fair-some-good-a-few-very-good-only-two-best-we-cannot-see-deep-enough-into-the-heart-of-nature-to-know-just-what-benign-influences-joined-hands-to-produce-these-quotbestsquot-but-two-apple-blossoms-on-two-different-trees-must-have-set-out-to-PG421A.jpg ". Nature study and life. Nature study. IS8 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE them until they bear fruit, the one who finally discovers an apple better in some respect than all the rest, has become a benefactor of mankind ; for from the billions on billions of apple seeds that have been ripening for thousands of years we have only 299 kinds, some poor, some fair, some good — a few very good — only two best. We cannot see deep enough into the heart of nature to know just what benign influences joined hands to produce these "bests." But two apple blossoms on two different trees must have set out to Stock Photo")
RMPG421A–. Nature study and life. Nature study. IS8 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE them until they bear fruit, the one who finally discovers an apple better in some respect than all the rest, has become a benefactor of mankind ; for from the billions on billions of apple seeds that have been ripening for thousands of years we have only 299 kinds, some poor, some fair, some good — a few very good — only two best. We cannot see deep enough into the heart of nature to know just what benign influences joined hands to produce these "bests." But two apple blossoms on two different trees must have set out to
RMRDMHAG–. Nature study and life. Nature study. JO NATURE STUDY AND LIFE distinguishing characteristic of the genus is that the palpi are at least almost as long as the proboscis in both sexes. An easier way to distinguish Anopheles from all other mosquitoes is from the position of the wrigglers in the water and of the adults when resting on a surface (Fig. 3 of above Circular â a.v( others in Bulletin A'o. 2^). If Anopheles is found and malaria abounds in the district, the investigation of the class should be carefully- prepared for publication in the local papers and every effort. Please note that
RMPG420J–. Nature study and life. Nature study. PROPAGATION OF PLANTS 163 For the higher grades it will be possible to work out two or three trees more carefully. Suppose we have apple or pear branches, and each child is provided with one about two feet long (Fig. 63); let them, after review- ing the yearly growths, make out the general arrange- ment of buds, the leaf scars underneath each bud, and the large fruit scars, which show where the branch has borne apples. The position of these will serve to illus- trate the characteristic appearance of the fruit spurs, and from the condition of their buds we
![. Nature study and life. Nature study. ISENEFICIAL INSECTS 235 It remains to mount the hive in some upstairs window, preferably in tlie attic, or in some room tiiat is not used.. Fig. 99. Observation Hive in Position The large box is known as the " brood chamber," or " hive body," In it the queen lives and lays eggs, and the bees nurse the young, or " brood." The two cases above are the " supers," in which the bees store their surplus honey. Toward the window is seen the wire screen passageway, through which the workers go and come Fasten a narrow board Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDHFWK/nature-study-and-life-nature-study-iseneficial-insects-235-it-remains-to-mount-the-hive-in-some-upstairs-window-preferably-in-tlie-attic-or-in-some-room-tiiat-is-not-used-fig-99-observation-hive-in-position-the-large-box-is-known-as-the-quot-brood-chamberquot-or-quot-hive-bodyquot-in-it-the-queen-lives-and-lays-eggs-and-the-bees-nurse-the-young-or-quot-broodquot-the-two-cases-above-are-the-quot-supersquot-in-which-the-bees-store-their-surplus-honey-toward-the-window-is-seen-the-wire-screen-passageway-through-which-the-workers-go-and-come-fasten-a-narrow-board-RDHFWK.jpg ". Nature study and life. Nature study. ISENEFICIAL INSECTS 235 It remains to mount the hive in some upstairs window, preferably in tlie attic, or in some room tiiat is not used.. Fig. 99. Observation Hive in Position The large box is known as the " brood chamber," or " hive body," In it the queen lives and lays eggs, and the bees nurse the young, or " brood." The two cases above are the " supers," in which the bees store their surplus honey. Toward the window is seen the wire screen passageway, through which the workers go and come Fasten a narrow board Stock Photo")
RMRDHFWK–. Nature study and life. Nature study. ISENEFICIAL INSECTS 235 It remains to mount the hive in some upstairs window, preferably in tlie attic, or in some room tiiat is not used.. Fig. 99. Observation Hive in Position The large box is known as the " brood chamber," or " hive body," In it the queen lives and lays eggs, and the bees nurse the young, or " brood." The two cases above are the " supers," in which the bees store their surplus honey. Toward the window is seen the wire screen passageway, through which the workers go and come Fasten a narrow board
RMPG41M7–. Nature study and life. Nature study. INSECTS BENEFICIAL AND BEAUTIFUL 253 The tachina flies are another numerous family of extremely beneficial insects. They are large to medium- sized flies and resemble the house fly in form and general appearance. They are the stout, bristly flies that we see so often on sunny days about rank vegetation. Their larvae are all parasitic on other insects, chiefly on the injurious leaf-eating caterpillars. While an ichneumon commonly attacks only a single species or its near rela- tions, the tachina flies present the advantage of working upon almost any in- se
![. Nature study and life. Nature study. THE POINT OF VIEW 13 that "they never had to learn such stuff." These objec- tions of the home are for the most part right as to what. Fig. 5. A Tenement House often goes by the name of nature study, and nothing could be more helpful for development of ideal courses. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Hodge, Clifton Fremont, 1859-. Boston and London, Ginn & C Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDMHMM/nature-study-and-life-nature-study-the-point-of-view-13-that-quotthey-never-had-to-learn-such-stuffquot-these-objec-tions-of-the-home-are-for-the-most-part-right-as-to-what-fig-5-a-tenement-house-often-goes-by-the-name-of-nature-study-and-nothing-could-be-more-helpful-for-development-of-ideal-courses-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-hodge-clifton-fremont-1859-boston-and-london-ginn-amp-c-RDMHMM.jpg ". Nature study and life. Nature study. THE POINT OF VIEW 13 that "they never had to learn such stuff." These objec- tions of the home are for the most part right as to what. Fig. 5. A Tenement House often goes by the name of nature study, and nothing could be more helpful for development of ideal courses. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Hodge, Clifton Fremont, 1859-. Boston and London, Ginn & C Stock Photo")
RMRDMHMM–. Nature study and life. Nature study. THE POINT OF VIEW 13 that "they never had to learn such stuff." These objec- tions of the home are for the most part right as to what. Fig. 5. A Tenement House often goes by the name of nature study, and nothing could be more helpful for development of ideal courses. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Hodge, Clifton Fremont, 1859-. Boston and London, Ginn & C
RMPG428B–. Nature study and life. Nature study. 72 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE. Next let the members of the class provide themselves with wide-mouthed bottles and hunt over every closet, attic or storeroom, stable, poultry house, or woodshed where scraps of hair, feathers, fur, or woolen cloth may have gathered. Let them collect all the specimens both of larvae, and moths they can find and bring them to class in their bottles. The lesson may then be devoted to distribution of clothes moths about the home. Put a scrap of black woolen cloth in each of the bottles containing moths, cover the tops securely with
RMRDKPF5–. Nature study and life. Nature study. 212 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE black-cherry aphid. If these are kept fresh, the plant lice will desert the leaves and gather about the buds on the twigs. If they are carefully watched, preferably with a hand lens, they may be seen to lay their eggs, generally, in the angle between the bud and twig. The eggs are visible to the unaided eye and appear at first as oval, yellowish-green bodies, which turn in a short time to shining black. The egg laying is an interesting process, a sight of which will repay much patient observation. The mystery to me always is how
RMPG41R0–. Nature study and life. Nature study. GARDEN INSECTS 219 it not for one pernicious kind, also a foreign importa- tion, that now menaces the best horticultural interests of almost the whole country. Every child who has a garden should learn to know the San Jos6, or pernicious, scale, Aspidiotus pemiciosus. The San Jos6 scale takes its name from the place of its introduction into this country, the San Jose valley, which took place through the medium of treea imported from Chili. Its original home may be Australia, but in spite of diligent search this has not been fully settled. It may have come
RMRDKNW7–. Nature study and life. Nature study. 4o8 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE are squirrels or chipmunks about the schoolhouse, it is generally an easy matter to tame them by leaving nuts or bits of bread in some convenient crotch, and. soon they will be coming regularly to share the children's lunch.. Fig. 165. Taming a Chipmunk (Photograph by Miss Jessie Gelston Whiting) As to the different species, a few facts should be devel- oped in connection with rearing them, especially in towns and city parks. The common red squirrel, or chickaree, is the living impersonation of mischief. He will cut every pear fr
![. Nature study and life. Nature study. FLOWERLESS PLANTS 453. A Boletus trees, both dead and alive, and many are directly respon- sible for the death of trees upon which they are found. Boleti. If the mushroom is soft, not woody, and has tubes easily separable from the rest of the cap, it belongs to the genus Boletus. Several Boleti are pronounced edible, but, as with the amanitas, taste is not a safeguard against the poisonous kinds. Satan's Boletus, B. satanus, B. luridus, B. alveolatus, and other allied species are set down in most of the books as poisonous. Mcllvaine pronounces them " Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG4A11/nature-study-and-life-nature-study-flowerless-plants-453-a-boletus-trees-both-dead-and-alive-and-many-are-directly-respon-sible-for-the-death-of-trees-upon-which-they-are-found-boleti-if-the-mushroom-is-soft-not-woody-and-has-tubes-easily-separable-from-the-rest-of-the-cap-it-belongs-to-the-genus-boletus-several-boleti-are-pronounced-edible-but-as-with-the-amanitas-taste-is-not-a-safeguard-against-the-poisonous-kinds-satans-boletus-b-satanus-b-luridus-b-alveolatus-and-other-allied-species-are-set-down-in-most-of-the-books-as-poisonous-mcllvaine-pronounces-them-quot-PG4A11.jpg ". Nature study and life. Nature study. FLOWERLESS PLANTS 453. A Boletus trees, both dead and alive, and many are directly respon- sible for the death of trees upon which they are found. Boleti. If the mushroom is soft, not woody, and has tubes easily separable from the rest of the cap, it belongs to the genus Boletus. Several Boleti are pronounced edible, but, as with the amanitas, taste is not a safeguard against the poisonous kinds. Satan's Boletus, B. satanus, B. luridus, B. alveolatus, and other allied species are set down in most of the books as poisonous. Mcllvaine pronounces them " Stock Photo")
RMPG4A11–. Nature study and life. Nature study. FLOWERLESS PLANTS 453. A Boletus trees, both dead and alive, and many are directly respon- sible for the death of trees upon which they are found. Boleti. If the mushroom is soft, not woody, and has tubes easily separable from the rest of the cap, it belongs to the genus Boletus. Several Boleti are pronounced edible, but, as with the amanitas, taste is not a safeguard against the poisonous kinds. Satan's Boletus, B. satanus, B. luridus, B. alveolatus, and other allied species are set down in most of the books as poisonous. Mcllvaine pronounces them "
RMRDG55E–. Nature study and life. Nature study. 340 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE. Fig, 135. Bluebird described how robins take mud for their nests from her flowerpots, and Olive Thorne Miller relates that a female robin has been known to dip herself in water, fly directly into the dust of the street, and then pick off the mud from her feet and feathers. When it comes to this, we may be sure that a little help will be appreciated. Several children in the Worcester Ten to One Clubs have put out pans of mud and have been greatly delighted in a number of cases by seeing robins come and carry the mud away. But I h
RMPG42FC–. Nature study and life. Nature study. . Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Hodge, Clifton Fremont, 1859-. Boston and London, Ginn & Co.
![. Nature study and life. Nature study. 84 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE fly into houses and attack men. Their bite is extremely painful and quite venomous. Closely related to these is the " kissing bug," Reditvius personatus. Its natural food, so far as known, is the bedbug, hence it is common in filthy cities ; but it sometimes bites man with somewhat serious results. In its larval stages its body is covered with a sticky substance. This collects dust and lint which effectually con- ceal the insect and give it one of its common names, "the masked bedbug hunter." The insect may not Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDMH8N/nature-study-and-life-nature-study-84-nature-study-and-life-fly-into-houses-and-attack-men-their-bite-is-extremely-painful-and-quite-venomous-closely-related-to-these-is-the-quot-kissing-bugquot-reditvius-personatus-its-natural-food-so-far-as-known-is-the-bedbug-hence-it-is-common-in-filthy-cities-but-it-sometimes-bites-man-with-somewhat-serious-results-in-its-larval-stages-its-body-is-covered-with-a-sticky-substance-this-collects-dust-and-lint-which-effectually-con-ceal-the-insect-and-give-it-one-of-its-common-names-quotthe-masked-bedbug-hunterquot-the-insect-may-not-RDMH8N.jpg ". Nature study and life. Nature study. 84 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE fly into houses and attack men. Their bite is extremely painful and quite venomous. Closely related to these is the " kissing bug," Reditvius personatus. Its natural food, so far as known, is the bedbug, hence it is common in filthy cities ; but it sometimes bites man with somewhat serious results. In its larval stages its body is covered with a sticky substance. This collects dust and lint which effectually con- ceal the insect and give it one of its common names, "the masked bedbug hunter." The insect may not Stock Photo")
RMRDMH8N–. Nature study and life. Nature study. 84 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE fly into houses and attack men. Their bite is extremely painful and quite venomous. Closely related to these is the " kissing bug," Reditvius personatus. Its natural food, so far as known, is the bedbug, hence it is common in filthy cities ; but it sometimes bites man with somewhat serious results. In its larval stages its body is covered with a sticky substance. This collects dust and lint which effectually con- ceal the insect and give it one of its common names, "the masked bedbug hunter." The insect may not
RMPG0R4B–. Nature study and life. Nature study. CHAPTER XIX THE BIRD CENSUS AND FOOD CHART Scarcely any one line of nature study possesses so many interesting features as that connected with keeping track of the number of birds in a neighborhood, with a view to increasing the more desir- able species. The best method of making a bird census is to count the nests in a certain dis- trict as soon as the leaves fall Fig. 121. Cedar Bird AND Nest in autumn.^ People generally would find it interesting to do this for their city lots or dooryards; and if they would send the results from year to year to their l
RMRDKPAB–. Nature study and life. Nature study. 252 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE. Fig. 105. A Syrphus Fly (Enlarged about one-half) their gorgeous colors. Some appear to be always on the wing, while others may be seen resting lightly on flowers, especially of Helianthus, golden-rod, and asters in the early autumn. The fact that renders a study of this family important is that the maggots, or larvae, of many of them feed upon plant lice and other small, soft-bodied insects. In collecting plant lice, especially such as cause great deformity of the leaves, as in case of the currant, elm, and snowball, keep a sha
![. Nature study and life. Nature study. THE POINT OF VIEW 5 essence of the process when we substitute the demon- strational method of the " school animal " or the zoological garden for the primitive, normal, natural relation of com- panionship between the living animal and the child. The pet animal is thus for the child, as it was for the race, the key to the door into knowledge and dominion over all animal life. Domestication of animals in its widest. Fig. 2. Hilru oI'' IClk, Blue Mount.mn Forf.st (Photograph by Charles Irving Rice) sense (and possibly we should add certain phases of Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG42EY/nature-study-and-life-nature-study-the-point-of-view-5-essence-of-the-process-when-we-substitute-the-demon-strational-method-of-the-quot-school-animal-quot-or-the-zoological-garden-for-the-primitive-normal-natural-relation-of-com-panionship-between-the-living-animal-and-the-child-the-pet-animal-is-thus-for-the-child-as-it-was-for-the-race-the-key-to-the-door-into-knowledge-and-dominion-over-all-animal-life-domestication-of-animals-in-its-widest-fig-2-hilru-oi-iclk-blue-mountmn-forfst-photograph-by-charles-irving-rice-sense-and-possibly-we-should-add-certain-phases-of-PG42EY.jpg ". Nature study and life. Nature study. THE POINT OF VIEW 5 essence of the process when we substitute the demon- strational method of the " school animal " or the zoological garden for the primitive, normal, natural relation of com- panionship between the living animal and the child. The pet animal is thus for the child, as it was for the race, the key to the door into knowledge and dominion over all animal life. Domestication of animals in its widest. Fig. 2. Hilru oI'' IClk, Blue Mount.mn Forf.st (Photograph by Charles Irving Rice) sense (and possibly we should add certain phases of Stock Photo")
RMPG42EY–. Nature study and life. Nature study. THE POINT OF VIEW 5 essence of the process when we substitute the demon- strational method of the " school animal " or the zoological garden for the primitive, normal, natural relation of com- panionship between the living animal and the child. The pet animal is thus for the child, as it was for the race, the key to the door into knowledge and dominion over all animal life. Domestication of animals in its widest. Fig. 2. Hilru oI'' IClk, Blue Mount.mn Forf.st (Photograph by Charles Irving Rice) sense (and possibly we should add certain phases of
RMRDKP0D–. Nature study and life. Nature study. 376 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE accompanying photographs tell the story. It is certainly a brutal recompense when a tree has borne its load of nuts to stone it or pound it with iron sledge hammers, to throw ropes over it and tear off its branches. So it has come to pass that farmers in the neighborhood of towns, at least, cannot raise chestnut timber, because the trees are bruised, growth is stunted, and at the wounded places decay develops, which soon renders the whole tree worthless. Thus nut trees must be ruled out from roadside planting, simply on account o
RMPG41R5–. Nature study and life. Nature study. ;i6 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE subsist on the juices of their host by means of piercing and sucking mouth parts. In the Lecaniums, or nalced scale insects, the scale is the insect itself. In the majority of species, however, the scale is an armor composed of powdery, waxy, or even cal- careous substance, together with moulted skins, excreted by the insect and beneath which it lives. Several species. Fig. 92. Branch of Willow Tref killed bv 0^â STER-SHELL .Scale Inslcis (About natural size) furnish valuable commercial products, notably the cochi- neal insect, C
RMRDHGN7–. Nature study and life. Nature study. 76 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE of cracks a good way to trap them is to spread woolen cloths on closet floors, taking them up daily and shaking them over papers. The larvag, if kept in bottles and fed on woolen cloth, may be observed to change into pupae within their last larval skins. The pupa case finally is split open on the back, and a little black beetle emerges. It is about one-seventh of an inch in length and is cov- ered with black, white, and brick-red scales, giving it a mottled appearance. An amusing thing about the larvae is that, if kept in a dry pl
![. Nature study and life. Nature study. INSECTS OF THE HOUSEHOLD 83 under loose places in the wall paper, in crevices behind picture mouldings, in picture frames, or about door or window casings or mopboards. They are inclined to be gregarious, which aids in their destruction in case their hiding places can be discovered, and their characteristic " spotting " is of assistance in this. Bedbugs are known to migrate from one house to another, especially when a house is vacated, and they can live for a year or more with- out food. That they are cunning enough to steal rides from place to Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG4279/nature-study-and-life-nature-study-insects-of-the-household-83-under-loose-places-in-the-wall-paper-in-crevices-behind-picture-mouldings-in-picture-frames-or-about-door-or-window-casings-or-mopboards-they-are-inclined-to-be-gregarious-which-aids-in-their-destruction-in-case-their-hiding-places-can-be-discovered-and-their-characteristic-quot-spotting-quot-is-of-assistance-in-this-bedbugs-are-known-to-migrate-from-one-house-to-another-especially-when-a-house-is-vacated-and-they-can-live-for-a-year-or-more-with-out-food-that-they-are-cunning-enough-to-steal-rides-from-place-to-PG4279.jpg ". Nature study and life. Nature study. INSECTS OF THE HOUSEHOLD 83 under loose places in the wall paper, in crevices behind picture mouldings, in picture frames, or about door or window casings or mopboards. They are inclined to be gregarious, which aids in their destruction in case their hiding places can be discovered, and their characteristic " spotting " is of assistance in this. Bedbugs are known to migrate from one house to another, especially when a house is vacated, and they can live for a year or more with- out food. That they are cunning enough to steal rides from place to Stock Photo")
RMPG4279–. Nature study and life. Nature study. INSECTS OF THE HOUSEHOLD 83 under loose places in the wall paper, in crevices behind picture mouldings, in picture frames, or about door or window casings or mopboards. They are inclined to be gregarious, which aids in their destruction in case their hiding places can be discovered, and their characteristic " spotting " is of assistance in this. Bedbugs are known to migrate from one house to another, especially when a house is vacated, and they can live for a year or more with- out food. That they are cunning enough to steal rides from place to
RMRDHG2K–. Nature study and life. Nature study. 2o8 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE mistaken for humming birds, that visit the flower beds at dusk. The l^andorus sphinx, P/iilanipelns fandorus, is one of the largest and most beautiful of the group and from tip to tip of expanded wings often measures more than four inches. It is single brooded. The moths appear in July and lay their eggs underneath the leaves of the grape and Virginia creeper. One of the most common of our garden species is the green grapevine sphinx, Darapsa niyroii. It is two brooded, the moths of the first brood appearing during the latter hal
RMPG41GX–. Nature study and life. Nature study. DOMESTICATION OF OUR WILD BIRDS 339 by their songs through years of childhood, robins are necessaries of life. No summer is complete without a pair of these rollicking birds nesting about the house.. Fig. 134. Robin's Nest in the Cherry Tree (Photograph by the author, :i90i) But how to induce a pair of wild robins to do this is a problem fascinating but as yet almost wholly unsolved. In very dry weather, or where mud is not easily obtained, it is a good plan to keep a pan of mud on the post with the birds' watering dish. Mrs. Treat has. Please note that t
RMRDKNPM–. Nature study and life. Nature study. 430 NATURE STUDY AND LIFE soft-bodied animals without segments and without jointed limbs. Generally the body is protected by a shell, either single and coiled spirally, as with snails, periwinkles, and conchs, or composed of two pieces or valves, as in clams, oysters, and mussels. A few have no shell, as the garden slugs and the most highly developed of the whole group, the octopus and ink squid. While the children may be encouraged to collect fossil. Fig. 174. Type Forms of Mollusks a, fresh-water clam; b, pond snails; c, garden slug; d, octopus. shells
![. Nature study and life. Nature study. INSECTS OF THE HOUSEHOLD 65 Stages, known as "wrigglers," in the water, and in from seven to fourteen days, according to weather, emerge as adult mosquitoes. A female may lay from 200 to 400 eggs. A good example in arithmetic is the following: Suppose a mosquito lays 200 eggs, one-half of which hatch females, and these each lay 200 eggs, and so on, calling the time for a generation ten days; how many mosquitoes would there be after 180 days, i.e., in the eighteenth ge n er a t i o n.' The answer is 2,000,000,- 000,000,000,000,000,000,- 000,000,0 Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG429P/nature-study-and-life-nature-study-insects-of-the-household-65-stages-known-as-quotwrigglersquot-in-the-water-and-in-from-seven-to-fourteen-days-according-to-weather-emerge-as-adult-mosquitoes-a-female-may-lay-from-200-to-400-eggs-a-good-example-in-arithmetic-is-the-following-suppose-a-mosquito-lays-200-eggs-one-half-of-which-hatch-females-and-these-each-lay-200-eggs-and-so-on-calling-the-time-for-a-generation-ten-days-how-many-mosquitoes-would-there-be-after-180-days-ie-in-the-eighteenth-ge-n-er-a-t-i-o-n-the-answer-is-2000000-000000000000000000-0000000-PG429P.jpg ". Nature study and life. Nature study. INSECTS OF THE HOUSEHOLD 65 Stages, known as "wrigglers," in the water, and in from seven to fourteen days, according to weather, emerge as adult mosquitoes. A female may lay from 200 to 400 eggs. A good example in arithmetic is the following: Suppose a mosquito lays 200 eggs, one-half of which hatch females, and these each lay 200 eggs, and so on, calling the time for a generation ten days; how many mosquitoes would there be after 180 days, i.e., in the eighteenth ge n er a t i o n.' The answer is 2,000,000,- 000,000,000,000,000,000,- 000,000,0 Stock Photo")
RMPG429P–. Nature study and life. Nature study. INSECTS OF THE HOUSEHOLD 65 Stages, known as "wrigglers," in the water, and in from seven to fourteen days, according to weather, emerge as adult mosquitoes. A female may lay from 200 to 400 eggs. A good example in arithmetic is the following: Suppose a mosquito lays 200 eggs, one-half of which hatch females, and these each lay 200 eggs, and so on, calling the time for a generation ten days; how many mosquitoes would there be after 180 days, i.e., in the eighteenth ge n er a t i o n.' The answer is 2,000,000,- 000,000,000,000,000,000,- 000,000,0
RMRDKNXH–. Nature study and life. Nature study. AQUARIA 395 and 8 inches wide. Where a larger aquarium is desired, which may be partitioned off with panes of glass to keep a variety of specimens, a good size is 12 (or 15) inches deep, 24 inches long, and 8 (or g) inches wide. As it is often desirable to use this as a terrarium for turtles, frogs,. Fig. 158. Making an Aquarium I, angle tin; 2, glass ; 3, soldering outfit; 4, frame in process of construction; 5, completed frames. toads, or plants, when floor space is a desideratum, it may be well to make at least one 12 inches wide. For individual pupils