Alamy logo
Filters

Booksubjectfungi Stock Photos and Images

(7,729)See booksubjectfungi stock video clips
Quick filters:
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . the mycelial growth. The pres-ence of the fungus results in a decay of the wood, which is reduced to abrown punky mass, that crumbles between the fingers. When the myce-lium comes to the surface of the wood, it forms a white felt-like coveringstudded with water drops, hence the specific name lacrymans referring 226 MYCOLOGY to the tear-like drops of water pressed out of the living hyphal cells.The mature sporophore is an amber-brown color covered with anasto-mosing wrinkles (Fig. 89) over the surface of which the basidia bearingbasidiospores are bo Stock Photo
RM2ANBD0J–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . the mycelial growth. The pres-ence of the fungus results in a decay of the wood, which is reduced to abrown punky mass, that crumbles between the fingers. When the myce-lium comes to the surface of the wood, it forms a white felt-like coveringstudded with water drops, hence the specific name lacrymans referring 226 MYCOLOGY to the tear-like drops of water pressed out of the living hyphal cells.The mature sporophore is an amber-brown color covered with anasto-mosing wrinkles (Fig. 89) over the surface of which the basidia bearingbasidiospores are bo
. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. AECIDIUM-FORMS. 407. iu the growth of the wood disturbs the elements, so that they are irregularly developed and more or less twisted.^ A mycelium inhabits the tissues of abnormal twigs and cankered swellings. It grows in the . intercellular spaces of the rind, between the bast cells and outer parts of the wood, and derives nutriment by means of haustoria; these either bore through the cell-walls, or only press clos Stock Photo
RMPG4ARX–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. AECIDIUM-FORMS. 407. iu the growth of the wood disturbs the elements, so that they are irregularly developed and more or less twisted.^ A mycelium inhabits the tissues of abnormal twigs and cankered swellings. It grows in the . intercellular spaces of the rind, between the bast cells and outer parts of the wood, and derives nutriment by means of haustoria; these either bore through the cell-walls, or only press clos
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . mentation with a large amountof froth, or head, as exemplified by the Munich lager-beer yeasts.Yeasts are among the oldest of cultivated plants, as in biblical timesleavened (yeast-raised) and unleavened bread were known. Theleaven was a lump of dough kept from one baking to the next. Un-leavened bread was simply flour mixed with water and baked, and asa result, a hard tough bread was obtained. The use of yeast as a SAC FUNGI IN PARTICULAR 139 starter began in Roman times, but the art was lost until the seventeenthcentury, when it was regained. One Stock Photo
RM2ANCAHE–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . mentation with a large amountof froth, or head, as exemplified by the Munich lager-beer yeasts.Yeasts are among the oldest of cultivated plants, as in biblical timesleavened (yeast-raised) and unleavened bread were known. Theleaven was a lump of dough kept from one baking to the next. Un-leavened bread was simply flour mixed with water and baked, and asa result, a hard tough bread was obtained. The use of yeast as a SAC FUNGI IN PARTICULAR 139 starter began in Roman times, but the art was lost until the seventeenthcentury, when it was regained. One
. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. DASYSCYPHA. 271 Dasyscypha (Peziza) Willkommii, Hartig.^ The Larch Canker (Britain and U.S. America). Everywhere in the mountains, the home of the larch, one finds, on young branches and old stems, depressed canker-spots, on which the sporocarps of Dasyscypha Willkommii are developed. Young twigs, when attacked, are already conspicuous in .July and August by their pale and withered needles, and on them small canker- Stock Photo
RMPG4BCP–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. DASYSCYPHA. 271 Dasyscypha (Peziza) Willkommii, Hartig.^ The Larch Canker (Britain and U.S. America). Everywhere in the mountains, the home of the larch, one finds, on young branches and old stems, depressed canker-spots, on which the sporocarps of Dasyscypha Willkommii are developed. Young twigs, when attacked, are already conspicuous in .July and August by their pale and withered needles, and on them small canker-
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Fig. 51.—Slerigmatocystis nigcr {Aspergillus niger) showing conidiophores and coni-diospore formation with stages in germination of spores. {After Henri Coupin.) The genus Thielavia is represented by a common pathogenic species,T. basicola, whose life history and pathogenic character will be de- 150 MYCOLOGY scribed later. Il attacks the roots of a large series of plants includingthe tobacco, at least 105 species of plants being attacked according tothe latest account.^ The parasitic mycelium is intercellular, abun-dantly septate and hyaline. It pr Stock Photo
RM2ANC663–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Fig. 51.—Slerigmatocystis nigcr {Aspergillus niger) showing conidiophores and coni-diospore formation with stages in germination of spores. {After Henri Coupin.) The genus Thielavia is represented by a common pathogenic species,T. basicola, whose life history and pathogenic character will be de- 150 MYCOLOGY scribed later. Il attacks the roots of a large series of plants includingthe tobacco, at least 105 species of plants being attacked according tothe latest account.^ The parasitic mycelium is intercellular, abun-dantly septate and hyaline. It pr
. Development of cytochemical methods for the study of ascospore wall biogenesis and maturation. Ascomycetes; Ascospores; Fungi. ;â â¢â â¢*' "⢠0 when a protein and carbohydrate were closely associated, but not covalently bound together. The antigenic determinant must be exposed in section, rather than buried in the wall as no pretreatment of the sections was required for labeling. This antibody preparation labeled ascospores only in the late stages of the developmental sequence (fig. 4.6). â¢1 Anitbody 41-1.1 This monolonal antibody labeled an inner (sporoplasmic) layer of the primary a Stock Photo
RMPFA8J2–. Development of cytochemical methods for the study of ascospore wall biogenesis and maturation. Ascomycetes; Ascospores; Fungi. ;â â¢â â¢*' "⢠0 when a protein and carbohydrate were closely associated, but not covalently bound together. The antigenic determinant must be exposed in section, rather than buried in the wall as no pretreatment of the sections was required for labeling. This antibody preparation labeled ascospores only in the late stages of the developmental sequence (fig. 4.6). â¢1 Anitbody 41-1.1 This monolonal antibody labeled an inner (sporoplasmic) layer of the primary a
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . from the fruit body bythe inversion of the palisade-like layer. The family includes a singlegenus, Sphcerobolus, of five species. The best-known species is S. car-pobolus of cosmopolitan distribution. C. Phallomycetes.—The carrion fungi, stink-horn fungi, or dead-mens fingers, resembles the button stage of the Amanitas, and the puff-balls when still young, but later the outer wall is ruptured and the stemelongates carrying upward the sporogenous tissue as a terminal cap, orenlargement. The subterranean mycelium is cord-like and from it the MUSHROOM Stock Photo
RM2ANB3X5–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . from the fruit body bythe inversion of the palisade-like layer. The family includes a singlegenus, Sphcerobolus, of five species. The best-known species is S. car-pobolus of cosmopolitan distribution. C. Phallomycetes.—The carrion fungi, stink-horn fungi, or dead-mens fingers, resembles the button stage of the Amanitas, and the puff-balls when still young, but later the outer wall is ruptured and the stemelongates carrying upward the sporogenous tissue as a terminal cap, orenlargement. The subterranean mycelium is cord-like and from it the MUSHROOM
. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 448 BASIDIOMYCETES. pinuum Bresadola or P. fulvus Scop, of E. Hartig). Sporophores on silver fir, less commonly on spruce. Their form varies much, according as they occur on a branch or on the stem. In the former case, the sporophore forms a swelling below and on each side of the more or less horizontal branch. On the stem they are more or less bracket-like. The sporophores are reddish brown with a smooth upper surf Stock Photo
RMPG41TT–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 448 BASIDIOMYCETES. pinuum Bresadola or P. fulvus Scop, of E. Hartig). Sporophores on silver fir, less commonly on spruce. Their form varies much, according as they occur on a branch or on the stem. In the former case, the sporophore forms a swelling below and on each side of the more or less horizontal branch. On the stem they are more or less bracket-like. The sporophores are reddish brown with a smooth upper surf
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . e fruitbodies are woody and perennial. The family is naturally divided intofour subfamilies, as follows: Merulioide^, Polyporoide^, Fistulin-oiDE^, Boletoide^. Each of these subfamilies includes fungi whichare important economically. Meruloide^.—This subfamily includes two genera of interestingfungi: Merulius and Mycodendron. MeruUus is represented by sixty- FLESHY AND WOODY FUNGI 225 three species of which M. lacrymans, the dry-rot fungus, is most impor-tant. This fungus is of world-wide distribution, where it attacksstructural wood work and timbe Stock Photo
RM2ANBD4N–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . e fruitbodies are woody and perennial. The family is naturally divided intofour subfamilies, as follows: Merulioide^, Polyporoide^, Fistulin-oiDE^, Boletoide^. Each of these subfamilies includes fungi whichare important economically. Meruloide^.—This subfamily includes two genera of interestingfungi: Merulius and Mycodendron. MeruUus is represented by sixty- FLESHY AND WOODY FUNGI 225 three species of which M. lacrymans, the dry-rot fungus, is most impor-tant. This fungus is of world-wide distribution, where it attacksstructural wood work and timbe
. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. ERYSIPHEAE. 171 The operation is done by hand or by special implement. One of the best known of these is the "Sulphur Puff." This consists of a brush with a hollow stem to contain flowers of sulphur, the end of the stem being perforated to allow the sulphur to escape on to the plant. Sulphuring must be carried out during dry weather to prevent the powder being washed away. It has also to be frequently repe Stock Photo
RMPG42MC–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. ERYSIPHEAE. 171 The operation is done by hand or by special implement. One of the best known of these is the "Sulphur Puff." This consists of a brush with a hollow stem to contain flowers of sulphur, the end of the stem being perforated to allow the sulphur to escape on to the plant. Sulphuring must be carried out during dry weather to prevent the powder being washed away. It has also to be frequently repe
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . its and branches of mostly woody plants. The malforma-tions are in the nature of witches brooms of the smaller branches,leaf curls, and deformed fruits, such as the plum pocket. Stone fruitsare especially subject to attack and in some cases the stone formationis suppressed entirely. The mycelium may be deep-seated andperennial, or it may be subcuticular, or sometimes found growingbetween the epidermal cells, as in Magnusiclla flava, while in otherforms, the hyphas may be below the epidermis and grow throughoutthe leaf tissue. The asci are generally Stock Photo
RM2ANCCGF–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . its and branches of mostly woody plants. The malforma-tions are in the nature of witches brooms of the smaller branches,leaf curls, and deformed fruits, such as the plum pocket. Stone fruitsare especially subject to attack and in some cases the stone formationis suppressed entirely. The mycelium may be deep-seated andperennial, or it may be subcuticular, or sometimes found growingbetween the epidermal cells, as in Magnusiclla flava, while in otherforms, the hyphas may be below the epidermis and grow throughoutthe leaf tissue. The asci are generally
. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 368 UREDINEAE. M. salicis-capreae (Pers.) (Britain and U.S. America). Uredo- and teleutospores on leaves of Salix Caprea and several other species. According to Eostrup, OasorrM euonymi (Gmel.) is a stage of this.^ M. Hartigii Thiim."^ {M. epitea Thtim.) (Britain and U.S. America). Uredo- and teleutospores on leaves of Scdix pruinosa. S. daphnoides, S. mminalis, etc. Eostrup regards C rihesii Lk. of Ribes as a Stock Photo
RMPG4B2R–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 368 UREDINEAE. M. salicis-capreae (Pers.) (Britain and U.S. America). Uredo- and teleutospores on leaves of Salix Caprea and several other species. According to Eostrup, OasorrM euonymi (Gmel.) is a stage of this.^ M. Hartigii Thiim."^ {M. epitea Thtim.) (Britain and U.S. America). Uredo- and teleutospores on leaves of Scdix pruinosa. S. daphnoides, S. mminalis, etc. Eostrup regards C rihesii Lk. of Ribes as a
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Fig. 12.—Russula nigricans parasitized by Nyctalis aslerophora. {After Brefeld.) been derived are fairly well known. For example, it is believed thatsuch fungi as belong to the order OOMYCETALES have been derived ^ Massee, George: On the Origin of Parasitism in Fungi. Annals of Botany,xviii: 319. Ward, H. M.: Recent Researches on the Parasitism of Fungi. Annals of Bot-any, xix: I. Bancroft, C. K.: Researches on the Life History of Parasitic Fungi, .nalsof Botany, xxiv: 359, 1910. 44 MYCOLOGY from a green alga like Vaucheria. With our present knowle Stock Photo
RM2AND6WP–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Fig. 12.—Russula nigricans parasitized by Nyctalis aslerophora. {After Brefeld.) been derived are fairly well known. For example, it is believed thatsuch fungi as belong to the order OOMYCETALES have been derived ^ Massee, George: On the Origin of Parasitism in Fungi. Annals of Botany,xviii: 319. Ward, H. M.: Recent Researches on the Parasitism of Fungi. Annals of Bot-any, xix: I. Bancroft, C. K.: Researches on the Life History of Parasitic Fungi, .nalsof Botany, xxiv: 359, 1910. 44 MYCOLOGY from a green alga like Vaucheria. With our present knowle
. Development of cytochemical methods for the study of ascospore wall biogenesis and maturation. Ascomycetes; Ascospores; Fungi. '.:-;'*! 98 Results PNA, DBA and UEA-I PNA, DBA, and UEA-I did not label the fungi and bacteria tested. UEA-I and DBA did not label sections of the appropriate agglutinating blood type. WGA / GS-II Both WGA and GS-II lectins labeled the ascus wall but not the ascospore walls of Ascodesmis sphaerospora mgs fs 1 &5.2). This same labeling pattern was apparent on Pseudoplectania niqrella for both lectins (figs 5.3 & 5.4). Both lectins labeled vegetative cell wall Stock Photo
RMPFA8HR–. Development of cytochemical methods for the study of ascospore wall biogenesis and maturation. Ascomycetes; Ascospores; Fungi. '.:-;'*! 98 Results PNA, DBA and UEA-I PNA, DBA, and UEA-I did not label the fungi and bacteria tested. UEA-I and DBA did not label sections of the appropriate agglutinating blood type. WGA / GS-II Both WGA and GS-II lectins labeled the ascus wall but not the ascospore walls of Ascodesmis sphaerospora mgs fs 1 &5.2). This same labeling pattern was apparent on Pseudoplectania niqrella for both lectins (figs 5.3 & 5.4). Both lectins labeled vegetative cell wall
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . of the cup is covered denselywith long white hairs forming a fringe at the margin.The spores are clear and elliptic 20 by 11//. The-Sclerotinia fringc-cup fungus grows on decaying twigs fromspring to autumn. Sclerotinia is the most impor-tant genus economically. It includes about fortyspecies. The apothecium arises from a sclerotium. Sclerotinia haccarumforms sclerotia in the fruits of Vaccinium myrtiUus; S. urnula (Fig. 71)in those of Vaccinium vitis-idcea. Sclerotinia Fuckeliana forms sclerotiaon the grape-vine. Its conidial form was long known a Stock Photo
RM2ANC1H5–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . of the cup is covered denselywith long white hairs forming a fringe at the margin.The spores are clear and elliptic 20 by 11//. The-Sclerotinia fringc-cup fungus grows on decaying twigs fromspring to autumn. Sclerotinia is the most impor-tant genus economically. It includes about fortyspecies. The apothecium arises from a sclerotium. Sclerotinia haccarumforms sclerotia in the fruits of Vaccinium myrtiUus; S. urnula (Fig. 71)in those of Vaccinium vitis-idcea. Sclerotinia Fuckeliana forms sclerotiaon the grape-vine. Its conidial form was long known a
. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 65.—Section of normal leaf of Betula odorata. (After W. G. Smith.). Fig. 66.—Section of leaf hypertropbied by attack of Exoascus carneus; the asci of the fungus coat the upper epidermis. Drawn with the same magnification as Fig. 65, for comparison. (After W. G. Smith.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and app Stock Photo
RMPG42MM–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 65.—Section of normal leaf of Betula odorata. (After W. G. Smith.). Fig. 66.—Section of leaf hypertropbied by attack of Exoascus carneus; the asci of the fungus coat the upper epidermis. Drawn with the same magnification as Fig. 65, for comparison. (After W. G. Smith.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and app
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Fig. 32.- -Sporangia of i, Thamnidium elegans; 2, 3, 4, Thamnidiutn chcetocladioides;5, Chalocladium Jonesii. {After Brefeld.) families (Fig. 28) AcARiCACEiE, Boletace^, Clavariace.e and Hy-DNACE^. Its sporangiophores i to 3 cm. high are finally brown in colorand dichotomously branched. The sporangia are spheric with a deli- I02 MYCOLOGY cate sporangial wall, wliich soon disappears leaving the spores on ahemispheric columella. These spores are ii to yoju broad. The ^oofj,broad zygospores are produced from similar branches of a dichotomouslybranched Stock Photo
RM2ANCHHK–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Fig. 32.- -Sporangia of i, Thamnidium elegans; 2, 3, 4, Thamnidiutn chcetocladioides;5, Chalocladium Jonesii. {After Brefeld.) families (Fig. 28) AcARiCACEiE, Boletace^, Clavariace.e and Hy-DNACE^. Its sporangiophores i to 3 cm. high are finally brown in colorand dichotomously branched. The sporangia are spheric with a deli- I02 MYCOLOGY cate sporangial wall, wliich soon disappears leaving the spores on ahemispheric columella. These spores are ii to yoju broad. The ^oofj,broad zygospores are produced from similar branches of a dichotomouslybranched
. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 432 BASIDIOMYCETES. over it a new hymenium; this is continued for some time so that the sporophore consists of successive layers, and the spiny outgrowths become much thickened. Infection, as was experi- mentally shown by Hartig, takes place on wounds. The wood-destruction, consisting of a white-rot, was studied by Hartig, chiefly on the oak and beech. It begins by the. Fig. 262.—Poly-porus igniarius. Causing death Stock Photo
RMPG4AHT–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 432 BASIDIOMYCETES. over it a new hymenium; this is continued for some time so that the sporophore consists of successive layers, and the spiny outgrowths become much thickened. Infection, as was experi- mentally shown by Hartig, takes place on wounds. The wood-destruction, consisting of a white-rot, was studied by Hartig, chiefly on the oak and beech. It begins by the. Fig. 262.—Poly-porus igniarius. Causing death
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Indies, and other islands between NorthAmerica and South America. American Boletes, November, 1914. Including all the species found in temperateand tropical North America, both on the mainland and on the islands, south toSouth America. As satisfactory keys of the different genera and species of the poly-pores and boletes are given in these manuals, and as it is presupposedthat their use will be adopted, keys of the more common genera and 228 MYCOLOGY species are not given space in this book. It should be stated, however,that Murrill classifies his Stock Photo
RM2ANBA7X–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Indies, and other islands between NorthAmerica and South America. American Boletes, November, 1914. Including all the species found in temperateand tropical North America, both on the mainland and on the islands, south toSouth America. As satisfactory keys of the different genera and species of the poly-pores and boletes are given in these manuals, and as it is presupposedthat their use will be adopted, keys of the more common genera and 228 MYCOLOGY species are not given space in this book. It should be stated, however,that Murrill classifies his
. Das System der Pilze. Durch Beschreibungen und Abbildungen erlutert. Fungi; genealogy. HyiiLeTioiiirre^es Eucfosporae. OctosjJorüfc^L Milrati. Tabll.. l/ibrissect^ Grffßlotysum.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Nees von Esenbeck, Theodor Friedrich Ludwig, 1787-1837; Henry, A. (Aim), 1801-1875; Bail, Theodor, 1833-1922. Bonn, Verlag des Lithographischen Instituts der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universi Stock Photo
RMPFG619–. Das System der Pilze. Durch Beschreibungen und Abbildungen erlutert. Fungi; genealogy. HyiiLeTioiiirre^es Eucfosporae. OctosjJorüfc^L Milrati. Tabll.. l/ibrissect^ Grffßlotysum.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Nees von Esenbeck, Theodor Friedrich Ludwig, 1787-1837; Henry, A. (Aim), 1801-1875; Bail, Theodor, 1833-1922. Bonn, Verlag des Lithographischen Instituts der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universi
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . ed cedar, Juniperus virginiana. The cluster cups appear on the leavesof native species of apples (Mains). The most important publication dealing with this disease and giving 212 MYCOLOGY a copiousbibliography is one by Howard L. Reed and C. W. Crabill issuedas Technical Bulletin 9 (May, 1915) by the Virginia Agricultural Experi-ment Station. The 106 pages of text are devoted to a careful considera-tion of all aspects of the disease, which is prevalent throughout thegeographic range of the red cedar. The aecia are found on the appleand were original Stock Photo
RM2ANBFT7–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . ed cedar, Juniperus virginiana. The cluster cups appear on the leavesof native species of apples (Mains). The most important publication dealing with this disease and giving 212 MYCOLOGY a copiousbibliography is one by Howard L. Reed and C. W. Crabill issuedas Technical Bulletin 9 (May, 1915) by the Virginia Agricultural Experi-ment Station. The 106 pages of text are devoted to a careful considera-tion of all aspects of the disease, which is prevalent throughout thegeographic range of the red cedar. The aecia are found on the appleand were original
. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 318 USTILAGINEAE. the plant as a whole did not seem to be much affected. On the other hand, a case was observed near Munich where a large plot of violets was completely killed out in a few years by this fungus. The anatomical changes induced on Viola odoraia were investigated by Wakker^ with the following results: a swelling of the stems, leaves, and flower-stalks occurred, often accom- panied by considerable twisti Stock Photo
RMPG4B75–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 318 USTILAGINEAE. the plant as a whole did not seem to be much affected. On the other hand, a case was observed near Munich where a large plot of violets was completely killed out in a few years by this fungus. The anatomical changes induced on Viola odoraia were investigated by Wakker^ with the following results: a swelling of the stems, leaves, and flower-stalks occurred, often accom- panied by considerable twisti
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . ureswhen the pileus expands. Thepart of this membrane attachedto the stipe becomes the annulus,while the other part remains at-tached in a shreddy conditionto the edge of the cap. Thespecies of Amanita have a univer-sal veil which covers the wholefruit body, and as this enlargesthe velum universale is torn trans-versely, the lower part formingthe death cup, or volva, and theupper part sometimes remainingin the form of flaky pieces, whichare distributed irregularly over the upper surface of the cap (Fig. 93).A frill-Uke annulus is also found at the Stock Photo
RM2ANB9J0–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . ureswhen the pileus expands. Thepart of this membrane attachedto the stipe becomes the annulus,while the other part remains at-tached in a shreddy conditionto the edge of the cap. Thespecies of Amanita have a univer-sal veil which covers the wholefruit body, and as this enlargesthe velum universale is torn trans-versely, the lower part formingthe death cup, or volva, and theupper part sometimes remainingin the form of flaky pieces, whichare distributed irregularly over the upper surface of the cap (Fig. 93).A frill-Uke annulus is also found at the
. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 258 ASCOMYCETES. conidia germinate and give off long septate hyphae which, follow- ing the course of the pollen-tube, reach the ovary, and soon iill all four loculi with a white mycelium. The growth of this mycelium proceeds from the central axis towards the walls, and forms a hollow sphere open above and below. The diseased berries cannot be distinguished till ripe; then, whereas the normal are red, the diseased ar Stock Photo
RMPG4BE8–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 258 ASCOMYCETES. conidia germinate and give off long septate hyphae which, follow- ing the course of the pollen-tube, reach the ovary, and soon iill all four loculi with a white mycelium. The growth of this mycelium proceeds from the central axis towards the walls, and forms a hollow sphere open above and below. The diseased berries cannot be distinguished till ripe; then, whereas the normal are red, the diseased ar
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Fig. 56.—Ergot (Claviceps pur-purea) on rye head. (After Clinton,G. P., Rep. Conn. Agric. Exper. Stat.,1903-) MILDEWS AND DELATED FUNGI i6i. ts^v^-^^-^lj-^r Fig. 57.—A, Balansia daviceps on ear of Paspalum; B—L, Claviceps purpurea;B, sclerotium; C, sclerotium with Sphacelia; D, cross-section of sphacelial layer; E,sprouting sclerotium; F, head of stroma from sclerotium; G, section of same; H,section of perithecium; J, ascus; K, germinating ascospore; C, conidiospores pro-duced on mycelium. (See Die nalilrlichen PJlanzenfamilien I. i, p. 371.) l62 ? Stock Photo
RM2ANC2GR–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Fig. 56.—Ergot (Claviceps pur-purea) on rye head. (After Clinton,G. P., Rep. Conn. Agric. Exper. Stat.,1903-) MILDEWS AND DELATED FUNGI i6i. ts^v^-^^-^lj-^r Fig. 57.—A, Balansia daviceps on ear of Paspalum; B—L, Claviceps purpurea;B, sclerotium; C, sclerotium with Sphacelia; D, cross-section of sphacelial layer; E,sprouting sclerotium; F, head of stroma from sclerotium; G, section of same; H,section of perithecium; J, ascus; K, germinating ascospore; C, conidiospores pro-duced on mycelium. (See Die nalilrlichen PJlanzenfamilien I. i, p. 371.) l62 ?
. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 175.—Tuburcinia trientalis. Spore- Fig. 176.—Apex of an isolated promy- mass genninating; several promycelia have celium from Fig. 175; it carries a whorl of been produced and' are proceeding to form branches, some of which have fused in pairs; whorls of branches. (After Woronin.) all are developing conidia. (After Woronin.) spaces of the pith and rind-parenchyma, also the vessels. The hyphae apply themselves c Stock Photo
RMPG4B70–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 175.—Tuburcinia trientalis. Spore- Fig. 176.—Apex of an isolated promy- mass genninating; several promycelia have celium from Fig. 175; it carries a whorl of been produced and' are proceeding to form branches, some of which have fused in pairs; whorls of branches. (After Woronin.) all are developing conidia. (After Woronin.) spaces of the pith and rind-parenchyma, also the vessels. The hyphae apply themselves c
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . may occur in some species. The principal cereal orgrain rusts may be enumerated first, as they are fairly well known,owing to the researches of Eriksson and others: Black Rust of Cereals, Puccinia graminis (Fig. 64) with its aeciumon the barberry, Berbcris vulgaris. Six forms of this species may bedistinguished: (i) f. sp. Iriiici on wheat (seldom on rye, barleyand oats); (2) f. sp. secalis on rye, barley and couch grass, Agropyron 202 MYCOLOGY repens, Elymus arenarius, Bromus secalinus and others; (3) f. sp.avencB on oats and Avena elatior, Dactyl Stock Photo
RM2ANBPYY–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . may occur in some species. The principal cereal orgrain rusts may be enumerated first, as they are fairly well known,owing to the researches of Eriksson and others: Black Rust of Cereals, Puccinia graminis (Fig. 64) with its aeciumon the barberry, Berbcris vulgaris. Six forms of this species may bedistinguished: (i) f. sp. Iriiici on wheat (seldom on rye, barleyand oats); (2) f. sp. secalis on rye, barley and couch grass, Agropyron 202 MYCOLOGY repens, Elymus arenarius, Bromus secalinus and others; (3) f. sp.avencB on oats and Avena elatior, Dactyl
. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. so.—Nectfia ditissuna. Caukci- 011 a stem of Beech, (v. Tubeuf phot.) Fu;. SI.—Nectria ditissima. Canker on Hazel. The place of infection, a partially broken branch-fork. produced. The mycelium, at first gives off tiny unicellular conidia on the bark, then later white cushions bearing fine conidiophores, from which are abjointed multicellular conidia, shaped like a sickle. Infection is brought about by the germ Stock Photo
RMPG42HK–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. so.—Nectfia ditissuna. Caukci- 011 a stem of Beech, (v. Tubeuf phot.) Fu;. SI.—Nectria ditissima. Canker on Hazel. The place of infection, a partially broken branch-fork. produced. The mycelium, at first gives off tiny unicellular conidia on the bark, then later white cushions bearing fine conidiophores, from which are abjointed multicellular conidia, shaped like a sickle. Infection is brought about by the germ
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . hese organisms are of the bean, GZ>-««./.^/..-rfa, with greatest importance in putting the nitrogen of tubercles. {After Conn.the soil into a form which can be absorbed by ^^^f^f^^^^ Bacteriology,the roots of the cultivated plants. The bacteria which produce the nodules (Fig. 8) on the roots ofleguminous plants are probably the same the world over and to themBeyerinck has given the name of Bacillus radicicola, while Frank calledthem Rhizobium leguminosarum (Fig. 10). When the seeds of clover, orsome other leguminous species are planted, and soon Stock Photo
RM2AND9EJ–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . hese organisms are of the bean, GZ>-««./.^/..-rfa, with greatest importance in putting the nitrogen of tubercles. {After Conn.the soil into a form which can be absorbed by ^^^f^f^^^^ Bacteriology,the roots of the cultivated plants. The bacteria which produce the nodules (Fig. 8) on the roots ofleguminous plants are probably the same the world over and to themBeyerinck has given the name of Bacillus radicicola, while Frank calledthem Rhizobium leguminosarum (Fig. 10). When the seeds of clover, orsome other leguminous species are planted, and soon
. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 116.âH7/poderma strobicota on Pinus Strobus. Ascus containing eight ascospores â with gelatinous coats; paraphyses with clavate ends. (After v. Tubeuf.) Fig. 117.âHypoderma strobicoia. Isolated ascospores: with and without a gelatinous coat, and one- or two-celled. (After v. Tubeuf.) some species, but have a delicate stalk in others. The spores, eight in each ascus, are never long and thread-like, but always mu Stock Photo
RMPG4BJD–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 116.âH7/poderma strobicota on Pinus Strobus. Ascus containing eight ascospores â with gelatinous coats; paraphyses with clavate ends. (After v. Tubeuf.) Fig. 117.âHypoderma strobicoia. Isolated ascospores: with and without a gelatinous coat, and one- or two-celled. (After v. Tubeuf.) some species, but have a delicate stalk in others. The spores, eight in each ascus, are never long and thread-like, but always mu
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . , or on the ground where the droppings of the aphis in the formof honey-dew have collected. Its mycelium is greenish-black, much-branched, rigid, septate and the hyphse are glued together by anabundant mucilaginous substance forming a loose spongy mass, bearingan abundance of pyriform, coriaceous perithecia, which enclose narrow,thick-walled, eight-spored asci. Elongate pycnidia and perithecia arealso frequently seen. Family 3. Microthyriace^.—The mycelium of the fungi of thisfamily is superficial and dark in color. The perithecia are superficial 1 Stock Photo
RM2ANC3TM–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . , or on the ground where the droppings of the aphis in the formof honey-dew have collected. Its mycelium is greenish-black, much-branched, rigid, septate and the hyphse are glued together by anabundant mucilaginous substance forming a loose spongy mass, bearingan abundance of pyriform, coriaceous perithecia, which enclose narrow,thick-walled, eight-spored asci. Elongate pycnidia and perithecia arealso frequently seen. Family 3. Microthyriace^.—The mycelium of the fungi of thisfamily is superficial and dark in color. The perithecia are superficial 1
. Development of cytochemical methods for the study of ascospore wall biogenesis and maturation. Ascomycetes; Ascospores; Fungi. . Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Lusk, Demaris E.. Stock Photo
RMPFA8HG–. Development of cytochemical methods for the study of ascospore wall biogenesis and maturation. Ascomycetes; Ascospores; Fungi. . Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Lusk, Demaris E..
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . , or living, a natural classi-fication of fungi into saprophytes andparasites can be made. A saprophyte{aairpds, rotten -f- ^vtov, a plant) is anyorganism which derives its chief foodsupply from dead, or dead and decayinganimal or plant organic material, whilea parasite {irapaaLTos, one who lives at anothers expense) is anorganism, which exists at the expense of living animals, or plants(Fig. 12). But some saprophytes may change their mode of nutri-tion and become parasitic; such saprophytes are called facultativeparasites, while those which retain Stock Photo
RM2AND8N0–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . , or living, a natural classi-fication of fungi into saprophytes andparasites can be made. A saprophyte{aairpds, rotten -f- ^vtov, a plant) is anyorganism which derives its chief foodsupply from dead, or dead and decayinganimal or plant organic material, whilea parasite {irapaaLTos, one who lives at anothers expense) is anorganism, which exists at the expense of living animals, or plants(Fig. 12). But some saprophytes may change their mode of nutri-tion and become parasitic; such saprophytes are called facultativeparasites, while those which retain
. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 364 UREDINEAK. direction; their sori form dark spots which break out from beneath the epidermis. The yellow uredospores have a coat beset with fine spines, and are given off from sori which may or may not be enclosed in a peridium. The sori of the aeeidium-stage have no peridium, and are known under the generic name of Caeoma; they frequently occur on other hosts than those of the teleutospores. Pycnidia are produce Stock Photo
RMPG4B3H–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 364 UREDINEAK. direction; their sori form dark spots which break out from beneath the epidermis. The yellow uredospores have a coat beset with fine spines, and are given off from sori which may or may not be enclosed in a peridium. The sori of the aeeidium-stage have no peridium, and are known under the generic name of Caeoma; they frequently occur on other hosts than those of the teleutospores. Pycnidia are produce
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Fig. 105.—Septoria leaf spot disease of celery, or celery blight. {After Coons, G. N.and Levin, Ezra, Spec. Bull. 77, Mich. Agric. Coll. Exper. Stat., March. 1916. SPORES,. Fig. 106.—Section through leaf spot of celery blight (Septoria) showing hyphae)in leaf tissue and pycnidium with exuding pycnospores. (After Coons, G. H., andLevin, Ezra, Spec. Bull. 77, Mich. Agric. Coll. Exper. Stat., March, 1916.) 264 MYCOLOGY eludes the fungi which cause the leaf spot of the pear, Septoria pyricola,the late blight of the celery S. petroselini (Figs. 105 and Stock Photo
RM2ANAK90–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Fig. 105.—Septoria leaf spot disease of celery, or celery blight. {After Coons, G. N.and Levin, Ezra, Spec. Bull. 77, Mich. Agric. Coll. Exper. Stat., March. 1916. SPORES,. Fig. 106.—Section through leaf spot of celery blight (Septoria) showing hyphae)in leaf tissue and pycnidium with exuding pycnospores. (After Coons, G. H., andLevin, Ezra, Spec. Bull. 77, Mich. Agric. Coll. Exper. Stat., March, 1916.) 264 MYCOLOGY eludes the fungi which cause the leaf spot of the pear, Septoria pyricola,the late blight of the celery S. petroselini (Figs. 105 and
. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. FlG. 270.—Poti/poTus horeaUs. Destruction of FlQ. 271.—Poli/porus horeatis. Later stage Spruce-wood. The white mycelium is present, of destruction.- The Spruce-wood is broken dividiDg the decayed wood into cubical pieces. up into cubical pieces, and the mycelium has (v. Tubeuf phot.) disappeared, (v. Tubeuf phot.) like pieces, particularly evident when the wood is broken (Fig. 271). The cell-walls are dissolved from Stock Photo
RMPG428N–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. FlG. 270.—Poti/poTus horeaUs. Destruction of FlQ. 271.—Poli/porus horeatis. Later stage Spruce-wood. The white mycelium is present, of destruction.- The Spruce-wood is broken dividiDg the decayed wood into cubical pieces. up into cubical pieces, and the mycelium has (v. Tubeuf phot.) disappeared, (v. Tubeuf phot.) like pieces, particularly evident when the wood is broken (Fig. 271). The cell-walls are dissolved from
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . > -</. Stock Photo
RM2ANCMMJ–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . > -</.
. Das System der Pilze. Durch Beschreibungen und Abbildungen erlutert. Fungi; genealogy. Tat. 30 liAiiieiioinveeles Kx<)S|i«raira,s|>ori(lei.Polvi)(tr(M. Jtl'l'llfl IIS. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Nees von Esenbeck, Theodor Friedrich Ludwig, 1787-1837; Henry, A. (Aim), 1801-1875; Bail, Theodor, 1833-1922. Bonn, Verlag des Lithographischen Instituts der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitt und Stock Photo
RMPFG5YG–. Das System der Pilze. Durch Beschreibungen und Abbildungen erlutert. Fungi; genealogy. Tat. 30 liAiiieiioinveeles Kx<)S|i«raira,s|>ori(lei.Polvi)(tr(M. Jtl'l'llfl IIS. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Nees von Esenbeck, Theodor Friedrich Ludwig, 1787-1837; Henry, A. (Aim), 1801-1875; Bail, Theodor, 1833-1922. Bonn, Verlag des Lithographischen Instituts der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitt und
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . ller, who used ahorizontal microscope and a revolving drum to record accurately therate of their fall. The rate of fall of the spores of gill fungi ranges from0.3 to 6.0 mm. per second. It varies with the size, specific gravityand the progress of desiccation of the spores. Buller found the relativelysmall spores of CoUyhia dryophila in dry air to fall at an average rateof 0.37 mm. per second while the relatively large spores of Amanitopsisvaginata in a saturated chamber attained a speed of 6.08 mm. per GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY OF FUNGI 6S second and the Stock Photo
RM2AND51Y–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . ller, who used ahorizontal microscope and a revolving drum to record accurately therate of their fall. The rate of fall of the spores of gill fungi ranges from0.3 to 6.0 mm. per second. It varies with the size, specific gravityand the progress of desiccation of the spores. Buller found the relativelysmall spores of CoUyhia dryophila in dry air to fall at an average rateof 0.37 mm. per second while the relatively large spores of Amanitopsisvaginata in a saturated chamber attained a speed of 6.08 mm. per GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY OF FUNGI 6S second and the
. Development of cytochemical methods for the study of ascospore wall biogenesis and maturation. Ascomycetes; Ascospores; Fungi. Tt 102. Figure 5.4. GS-II labeling on P. niqrella. A) ascus, ascospore and paraphysis labeling; B) cells of the excipular layer; C) sugar negative control.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Lusk, Demaris E.. Stock Photo
RMPFA8HA–. Development of cytochemical methods for the study of ascospore wall biogenesis and maturation. Ascomycetes; Ascospores; Fungi. Tt 102. Figure 5.4. GS-II labeling on P. niqrella. A) ascus, ascospore and paraphysis labeling; B) cells of the excipular layer; C) sugar negative control.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Lusk, Demaris E..
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . otoplasm has been accomplished. It con-sists of smooth threads which pass radially outward from the centraldome-shaped columellar cavity to the sporangial wall. The threadsof the capillitium are attached at their ends. The protoplasm is incontact with these threads and at this stage the nuclei are scattered ^ Harper, R. A.: Amer. Journ. Bot., i: 127-144, March, 1914. 14 MYCOLOGY rather uniformly through the spore plasm and are of unequal size.Vacuoles are formed in a still further condensation of the sporangialprotoplasm and each of these apparent Stock Photo
RM2ANDC6C–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . otoplasm has been accomplished. It con-sists of smooth threads which pass radially outward from the centraldome-shaped columellar cavity to the sporangial wall. The threadsof the capillitium are attached at their ends. The protoplasm is incontact with these threads and at this stage the nuclei are scattered ^ Harper, R. A.: Amer. Journ. Bot., i: 127-144, March, 1914. 14 MYCOLOGY rather uniformly through the spore plasm and are of unequal size.Vacuoles are formed in a still further condensation of the sporangialprotoplasm and each of these apparent
. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 214.—Cronai'tium asclepiadeum oji Ct/nanch^m Vincetoxicum. The uredo- sori sliow as spots, the teleutospore-sori as processes on the leaves, (v. Tubeuf del) also on Gentiana asclepiadea). The aecidial stage, known as Peridermium Oornui Eostr. et Kleb. produces a blister-rust on the bark of Pinus sylvestris.. Fig. 215.—Ci-onartium asclepiadeum. Section of a Cynanchum leaf. The leaf-parenchyma is permeated with m Stock Photo
RMPG4B0J–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 214.—Cronai'tium asclepiadeum oji Ct/nanch^m Vincetoxicum. The uredo- sori sliow as spots, the teleutospore-sori as processes on the leaves, (v. Tubeuf del) also on Gentiana asclepiadea). The aecidial stage, known as Peridermium Oornui Eostr. et Kleb. produces a blister-rust on the bark of Pinus sylvestris.. Fig. 215.—Ci-onartium asclepiadeum. Section of a Cynanchum leaf. The leaf-parenchyma is permeated with m
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . , 24 hours after germination of zoospores. 7, Achlyamonoica, with antheridia and oogonia; 8, Achlya conlorla. {After Henri Coupin,Atlas des Champignons Parasites et Pathogenes de VHomme el des Animaux, pi. xviii,1909.) spores which escape or by the protoplasm escaping (plasmatoparous), asin Peronospora densa, or by germ tubes, which in some species (Perono-spora lactuccB) appear at the end of the spore (acroblastic), or at theside of the conidiospore (pleuroblastic), as in Peronospora radii. Theoogonia and antheridia, which are also present, are fo Stock Photo
RM2ANCGB1–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . , 24 hours after germination of zoospores. 7, Achlyamonoica, with antheridia and oogonia; 8, Achlya conlorla. {After Henri Coupin,Atlas des Champignons Parasites et Pathogenes de VHomme el des Animaux, pi. xviii,1909.) spores which escape or by the protoplasm escaping (plasmatoparous), asin Peronospora densa, or by germ tubes, which in some species (Perono-spora lactuccB) appear at the end of the spore (acroblastic), or at theside of the conidiospore (pleuroblastic), as in Peronospora radii. Theoogonia and antheridia, which are also present, are fo
. Das System der Pilze. Durch Beschreibungen und Abbildungen erlutert. Fungi; genealogy. Hnnouumvi'rtes. Exospnrap Tptra.spoi'idci Vlialloulpi 'hh.'lk. IZym^Yt^/fA-^/lu^.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Nees von Esenbeck, Theodor Friedrich Ludwig, 1787-1837; Henry, A. (Aim), 1801-1875; Bail, Theodor, 1833-1922. Bonn, Verlag des Lithographischen Instituts der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitt und der Stock Photo
RMPFG60N–. Das System der Pilze. Durch Beschreibungen und Abbildungen erlutert. Fungi; genealogy. Hnnouumvi'rtes. Exospnrap Tptra.spoi'idci Vlialloulpi 'hh.'lk. IZym^Yt^/fA-^/lu^.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Nees von Esenbeck, Theodor Friedrich Ludwig, 1787-1837; Henry, A. (Aim), 1801-1875; Bail, Theodor, 1833-1922. Bonn, Verlag des Lithographischen Instituts der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitt und der
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . milien I. i, p. i8i.) action, and this is accomplished probably by the pressure of the cellwall upon the cell sap. The end of the ascus breaks open suddenly, theascus collapses, and the eight spores are discharged simultaneouslyalong with the cell sap. In Ascobolus, which is related to Pyronema,the ascogonium is at first multicellular, but all the cells empty their MII.DKWS AND RKLATKD FUNGI 167 contents into a sinj^lc largo one, from which the ascogcnous hyphu;then arise. Family 5. Pezizace^.—The apothecia of this family are saucer-or cup-shaped, Stock Photo
RM2ANC20J–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . milien I. i, p. i8i.) action, and this is accomplished probably by the pressure of the cellwall upon the cell sap. The end of the ascus breaks open suddenly, theascus collapses, and the eight spores are discharged simultaneouslyalong with the cell sap. In Ascobolus, which is related to Pyronema,the ascogonium is at first multicellular, but all the cells empty their MII.DKWS AND RKLATKD FUNGI 167 contents into a sinj^lc largo one, from which the ascogcnous hyphu;then arise. Family 5. Pezizace^.—The apothecia of this family are saucer-or cup-shaped,
. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. SPHACELOTHECA. 305 period, and produce three-celled promycelia with elongated ovoid conidia, which sprout indefinitely. In nutritive solutions two or three promycelia may be produced. Schizonella.^ The spores are produced in series on the reproductive hyphae. At first two-chambered by means of a cross-septum, they later separate into two loosely-joined cells and form twin-spores; each half germinates like an Ustilag Stock Photo
RMPG4B8F–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. SPHACELOTHECA. 305 period, and produce three-celled promycelia with elongated ovoid conidia, which sprout indefinitely. In nutritive solutions two or three promycelia may be produced. Schizonella.^ The spores are produced in series on the reproductive hyphae. At first two-chambered by means of a cross-septum, they later separate into two loosely-joined cells and form twin-spores; each half germinates like an Ustilag
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . lies,on jams, on old leather, on herring pickle and other objects of domesticuse. At first the mycelium is white and as the young conidiospores beginto form it turns to a pale green, later becoming a dirty grayish green,while the feeding hyphse change color to a pale yellow and finally abrown color by the deposit of pigment granules. The globular part ofthe conidiophore is 6o)U across and crowded with simple sterigmata SAC FUNGI CONTINUED* 145 {]jj. by i4iu), bearing prickly, spheric conidiospores 7 to 30ju in diameterwhich are larger than any othe Stock Photo
RM2ANCA1C–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . lies,on jams, on old leather, on herring pickle and other objects of domesticuse. At first the mycelium is white and as the young conidiospores beginto form it turns to a pale green, later becoming a dirty grayish green,while the feeding hyphse change color to a pale yellow and finally abrown color by the deposit of pigment granules. The globular part ofthe conidiophore is 6o)U across and crowded with simple sterigmata SAC FUNGI CONTINUED* 145 {]jj. by i4iu), bearing prickly, spheric conidiospores 7 to 30ju in diameterwhich are larger than any othe
. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 250 ASCOMYCETES. Scleroderris. A ^black stroma is formed in the bark of twigs attacked by this fungus, and thence the apothecia break out in great numbers, at first as closed spheres, later as stalked open cups with finely lobed rims. The asci are cylindrical or club- m Fig. 13B-'Scleroderris full' rtinosa on living twig of Salix Caprea. (v. Tubeuf del.). Fig. 134.— i^clerodei-^'is faliginosa ou living twig of Salix Stock Photo
RMPG4BF2–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 250 ASCOMYCETES. Scleroderris. A ^black stroma is formed in the bark of twigs attacked by this fungus, and thence the apothecia break out in great numbers, at first as closed spheres, later as stalked open cups with finely lobed rims. The asci are cylindrical or club- m Fig. 13B-'Scleroderris full' rtinosa on living twig of Salix Caprea. (v. Tubeuf del.). Fig. 134.— i^clerodei-^'is faliginosa ou living twig of Salix
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . with four basidiospores. The species are mostlyfound on wood. C. vagnm-solani in its sterile form is known as Rhiz-odonia, which apparently has been found on sugar beet, bean, carrot,cabbage, potato, egg plant and a number of other hosts. The hymeno-phore of this species is white with short basidia and elliptic spores.It frequently entirely surrounds the green stems of its host near theground. The persistent hymenophore of Stereum is leathery, or 222 MYCOLOGY woody, attached laterally, or centrally, sometimes as a bracket with asmooth hymenium. Stc Stock Photo
RM2ANBDBY–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . with four basidiospores. The species are mostlyfound on wood. C. vagnm-solani in its sterile form is known as Rhiz-odonia, which apparently has been found on sugar beet, bean, carrot,cabbage, potato, egg plant and a number of other hosts. The hymeno-phore of this species is white with short basidia and elliptic spores.It frequently entirely surrounds the green stems of its host near theground. The persistent hymenophore of Stereum is leathery, or 222 MYCOLOGY woody, attached laterally, or centrally, sometimes as a bracket with asmooth hymenium. Stc
. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 438 BASmiOMYCETES.. Pig. 267.—Polj/porus sulphureus on a Willow (Salix alba) at HirschaUi near Munich, (v. Tubeuf phot.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Tubeuf, Karl, freiherr von, 1862-1941; Smith, William G. London ; New York [ Stock Photo
RMPG4A9Y–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 438 BASmiOMYCETES.. Pig. 267.—Polj/porus sulphureus on a Willow (Salix alba) at HirschaUi near Munich, (v. Tubeuf phot.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Tubeuf, Karl, freiherr von, 1862-1941; Smith, William G. London ; New York [
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . meter, in-closing oval thin-skinned asci (9 to i4ju) with eight red lenticular tough-walled spores (4 to 4.5^)- As a parasite of the human skin it was calledLepidophyton. The green mould, which usually grows on malt, isAspergillus clavatus causing a moulding of the substratum. The largestspecies of the group is Aspergillus giganteus, which looks at first super-ficially like a Mucor, but later owing to its grayish-green conidiosporesit is readily separable from the mucor vegetation. Its sterigmata seemto be hollow, communicating with a pore-like ope Stock Photo
RM2ANC7DX–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . meter, in-closing oval thin-skinned asci (9 to i4ju) with eight red lenticular tough-walled spores (4 to 4.5^)- As a parasite of the human skin it was calledLepidophyton. The green mould, which usually grows on malt, isAspergillus clavatus causing a moulding of the substratum. The largestspecies of the group is Aspergillus giganteus, which looks at first super-ficially like a Mucor, but later owing to its grayish-green conidiosporesit is readily separable from the mucor vegetation. Its sterigmata seemto be hollow, communicating with a pore-like ope
. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 552 THE PATHOGENIC ALGAE. Mycoidaceae. Cephaleuros Mycoidea, Karsten^ {Mycoidea parasitica. Cunning.).^ This alga is epiphytic on the leaves of most trees and shrubs in the tropics. It varies considerably in its appear-. ">&> Fig. 328.—Cephaleuros Mycoidea. Section through the epidermis of a leaf of CaTntllia, showing the thallus-like disc with haustoria. (After Gxinningiiani.) ance, but generally for Stock Photo
RMPG3PW1–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 552 THE PATHOGENIC ALGAE. Mycoidaceae. Cephaleuros Mycoidea, Karsten^ {Mycoidea parasitica. Cunning.).^ This alga is epiphytic on the leaves of most trees and shrubs in the tropics. It varies considerably in its appear-. ">&> Fig. 328.—Cephaleuros Mycoidea. Section through the epidermis of a leaf of CaTntllia, showing the thallus-like disc with haustoria. (After Gxinningiiani.) ance, but generally for
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Fig. 76.—Fully expanded cedar apple on red cedar. Long yellow teliosori asfinger-like projections are seen. (After Jones and Bartholomew, Bull. 257, Agric.Exper. Stat., Univ. Wise, July, 1915.) The secial stage occurs on Anemone and Hepatica, and is known asyEcidium punctatum. Hollyhock Rust, Puccinia mahacearum (Fig. 72), is found over theworld, where the hollyhock, Althcea rosea, is grown. I RUST FUNGI 207. Fig. 77.—Longitudinal section of a partlygelatinous teliosorusafter the exten-sion of the tentacles. (After Reed, H. S., and Crabill, C. H., Stock Photo
RM2ANBHR7–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Fig. 76.—Fully expanded cedar apple on red cedar. Long yellow teliosori asfinger-like projections are seen. (After Jones and Bartholomew, Bull. 257, Agric.Exper. Stat., Univ. Wise, July, 1915.) The secial stage occurs on Anemone and Hepatica, and is known asyEcidium punctatum. Hollyhock Rust, Puccinia mahacearum (Fig. 72), is found over theworld, where the hollyhock, Althcea rosea, is grown. I RUST FUNGI 207. Fig. 77.—Longitudinal section of a partlygelatinous teliosorusafter the exten-sion of the tentacles. (After Reed, H. S., and Crabill, C. H.,
. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 257.—Bxobasidium vaccinii. The basidial layer is shown developing from the intercelUilar myceliiim of the shoots. (After Woronin.). Fig. 258.—Exobasidium vaccinii, Germinating basidiospores. The septate spores have given off germ-tubes which penetrate into the cowberry leaves, either by stomata or through the epidermis. The lowest spore is forming conidia. (After Woronin.) This Eosobasidium is very common on th Stock Photo
RMPG4AMF–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 257.—Bxobasidium vaccinii. The basidial layer is shown developing from the intercelUilar myceliiim of the shoots. (After Woronin.). Fig. 258.—Exobasidium vaccinii, Germinating basidiospores. The septate spores have given off germ-tubes which penetrate into the cowberry leaves, either by stomata or through the epidermis. The lowest spore is forming conidia. (After Woronin.) This Eosobasidium is very common on th
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . 07), and part 2 (1908) of the North American Flora, where keyswill also be found with the synonymy which has been omitted from themanuals. To connect satisfactorily, the old and the new generic andspecific names, the treatment of the Polyporace^ in the NorthAmerican Flora should be consulted. Trametes robiniophila is found on decayed spots of living trunks ofRohinia pseudacacia from Pennsylvania to Virginia and Missouri, andit doubtless causes decay of the wood. T. suaveoleus is found on willowtrees, where it causes serious decay. It has an agreeab Stock Photo
RM2ANBA21–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . 07), and part 2 (1908) of the North American Flora, where keyswill also be found with the synonymy which has been omitted from themanuals. To connect satisfactorily, the old and the new generic andspecific names, the treatment of the Polyporace^ in the NorthAmerican Flora should be consulted. Trametes robiniophila is found on decayed spots of living trunks ofRohinia pseudacacia from Pennsylvania to Virginia and Missouri, andit doubtless causes decay of the wood. T. suaveoleus is found on willowtrees, where it causes serious decay. It has an agreeab
. Development of cytochemical methods for the study of ascospore wall biogenesis and maturation. Ascomycetes; Ascospores; Fungi. '^. 104 <::.. ^jH i Figure 5.6. LFA labeling on A. sphaerospora. A) on an ascospore (1/80 lectin dilution); B) on an ascospore (1/40 lectin dilution); C) sugar negative control (1/80 lectin dilution) on an ascospore. Con A Con A labeling on A. sphaerospora was different than for the previous lectins. In this case the lectin labeled the ascospore walls strongly (fig. 5.8 A-C) and an inner layer of vegetative cell walls or the plasma membrane of these cells (fig. 5. Stock Photo
RMPF9MYK–. Development of cytochemical methods for the study of ascospore wall biogenesis and maturation. Ascomycetes; Ascospores; Fungi. '^. 104 <::.. ^jH i Figure 5.6. LFA labeling on A. sphaerospora. A) on an ascospore (1/80 lectin dilution); B) on an ascospore (1/40 lectin dilution); C) sugar negative control (1/80 lectin dilution) on an ascospore. Con A Con A labeling on A. sphaerospora was different than for the previous lectins. In this case the lectin labeled the ascospore walls strongly (fig. 5.8 A-C) and an inner layer of vegetative cell walls or the plasma membrane of these cells (fig. 5.
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . zontal hyphae, which often attains alength of 3 cm. and is known as the stolon, or stoloniferous hypha.When the tip of this stolon comes into contact with the substratum anew appressorium is formed from which arises a number of sporangio-phores bearing sporangia (Fig. 31). This method of growth enables the TOO MYCOLOGY black mould to spread rapidly and it sometimes chokes out other mouldsgrowing in competition with it on the same nutritive medium. In 1818,on account of this method of growth, it was named by EhrenbergMucor stalonifer. Related to thi Stock Photo
RM2ANCJ9T–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . zontal hyphae, which often attains alength of 3 cm. and is known as the stolon, or stoloniferous hypha.When the tip of this stolon comes into contact with the substratum anew appressorium is formed from which arises a number of sporangio-phores bearing sporangia (Fig. 31). This method of growth enables the TOO MYCOLOGY black mould to spread rapidly and it sometimes chokes out other mouldsgrowing in competition with it on the same nutritive medium. In 1818,on account of this method of growth, it was named by EhrenbergMucor stalonifer. Related to thi
. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. POLYPORUS. 441 stems of oak-trees. At first they are soft, later hard and brown with grooves on the upper side. The dark heart-wood of the oak exhibits white or yellowish longitudinal stripes of rotten wood converted into cellulose (Fig. 272). In the white portions. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance o Stock Photo
RMPG427Y–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. POLYPORUS. 441 stems of oak-trees. At first they are soft, later hard and brown with grooves on the upper side. The dark heart-wood of the oak exhibits white or yellowish longitudinal stripes of rotten wood converted into cellulose (Fig. 272). In the white portions. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance o
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . spores are small, egg-shaped orelongated, unseptate and in color pale green, or hyaline, produced inpycnidia. The most important species of this genus are Phyllostictaampelopsidis on the Virginia creeper {Ampelopsis); catalpa on catalpaleaves; labrusccB on the leaves of the grape; pavice on horse chest-nut leaves (Fig. 102); Phyllosticta solitaria E. and E. (Figs. 103 and104) is the cause of apple blotch, and vtolce on violets. The conidio- 262 MYCOL(3GY spores in Phoma are colorless and unicellular. The pycnidia areblack with a terminal pore and d Stock Photo
RM2ANAP0H–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . spores are small, egg-shaped orelongated, unseptate and in color pale green, or hyaline, produced inpycnidia. The most important species of this genus are Phyllostictaampelopsidis on the Virginia creeper {Ampelopsis); catalpa on catalpaleaves; labrusccB on the leaves of the grape; pavice on horse chest-nut leaves (Fig. 102); Phyllosticta solitaria E. and E. (Figs. 103 and104) is the cause of apple blotch, and vtolce on violets. The conidio- 262 MYCOL(3GY spores in Phoma are colorless and unicellular. The pycnidia areblack with a terminal pore and d
. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. EFFECT OF PARASITIC FUNGI ON THE FORM OF HOST-PLANT. 25. the ovules become atrophied, whereas the rest of the flower is hypertrophied. Similarly with flowers of cowberry deformed by Uxobasidium. 2. Hypertrophy.âMany para- sitic fungi cause abnormal enlarge- ment or other malformation of plants which they attack. The simplest case of hypertrophy is seen in the enlargement of a uni- cellular plant as a result of an en Stock Photo
RMPG430E–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. EFFECT OF PARASITIC FUNGI ON THE FORM OF HOST-PLANT. 25. the ovules become atrophied, whereas the rest of the flower is hypertrophied. Similarly with flowers of cowberry deformed by Uxobasidium. 2. Hypertrophy.âMany para- sitic fungi cause abnormal enlarge- ment or other malformation of plants which they attack. The simplest case of hypertrophy is seen in the enlargement of a uni- cellular plant as a result of an en
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . B Fig. 42.—Exoascus and Taphrina. A-F, Exoascus pruni, A. Appearance ondiseased twig; B, cross-section of diseased fruirt; C, mycelium in tissues of host; D,young asci; E, mature ascus with spores; F, germination of spores; G, E, Exoascusalnitorquus; H, Taphrina aurea, ripe and unripe asci; J, Taphrina Sadebeckii. SeeDie naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien I. i, p. 159. crammed full of them (Fig. 42). The ascospores are generally ellip-soidal and always one-celled with colorless, yellow, or orange contents.The perennial mycelium is responsible for the f Stock Photo
RM2ANCCB7–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . B Fig. 42.—Exoascus and Taphrina. A-F, Exoascus pruni, A. Appearance ondiseased twig; B, cross-section of diseased fruirt; C, mycelium in tissues of host; D,young asci; E, mature ascus with spores; F, germination of spores; G, E, Exoascusalnitorquus; H, Taphrina aurea, ripe and unripe asci; J, Taphrina Sadebeckii. SeeDie naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien I. i, p. 159. crammed full of them (Fig. 42). The ascospores are generally ellip-soidal and always one-celled with colorless, yellow, or orange contents.The perennial mycelium is responsible for the f
. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 306.—Monilia fi-uctigena. A, Apple showing the grey conldial patches as more or less concentric lines. S^ Young Peach, smivelled up in consequence of attack, (v. Tubeuf del.) next spring, when the fruit is again moist, further conidia are given off. Infection takes place by wounds or even through the epidermis of young leaves and blossoms. The conidia have. Fig. 307.—Monilia frucliqena. Branched conidiophore wi Stock Photo
RMPG3T0M–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 306.—Monilia fi-uctigena. A, Apple showing the grey conldial patches as more or less concentric lines. S^ Young Peach, smivelled up in consequence of attack, (v. Tubeuf del.) next spring, when the fruit is again moist, further conidia are given off. Infection takes place by wounds or even through the epidermis of young leaves and blossoms. The conidia have. Fig. 307.—Monilia frucliqena. Branched conidiophore wi
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . f internal. Theexternal factors of disease are the chemical conditions of the soil, as adetermining cause, also the physical character of the soil. The influ-ence of a superabundance of water, or its absence, is important. Cli- 1 Cook, Mel T. and Taubenhaus, J. J.: The Relation of Parasitic Fungi to theContents of the Cells of the Host Plants, i. The Toxicity of Tannin, Bull. 91,Delaware College Agric. Exper. Stat., Feb. i, 1911. GENERAL CONSIDERATION OF PLANT DISEASES 75 matic and meteorologic conditions may be influential, when these dis-turb the Stock Photo
RM2ANAE9A–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . f internal. Theexternal factors of disease are the chemical conditions of the soil, as adetermining cause, also the physical character of the soil. The influ-ence of a superabundance of water, or its absence, is important. Cli- 1 Cook, Mel T. and Taubenhaus, J. J.: The Relation of Parasitic Fungi to theContents of the Cells of the Host Plants, i. The Toxicity of Tannin, Bull. 91,Delaware College Agric. Exper. Stat., Feb. i, 1911. GENERAL CONSIDERATION OF PLANT DISEASES 75 matic and meteorologic conditions may be influential, when these dis-turb the
. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 546 THE PATHOGENIC ALGAE. but several inhabit Hepaticae, chiefly species of Anthoceros, Blasia, Pellia, Aneura, Diplolaena, Sauteria, and Biccia. Nostoc lichenoides Vauch.^ is a common endophyte in the mucilage-cavities of Anthoceros laevis. The motile algal filaments sain admission through the stomata or mucilage-fissures on the lower side of the thallus. Only one filament is admitted into each cavity, then the ope Stock Photo
RMPG3R5D–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 546 THE PATHOGENIC ALGAE. but several inhabit Hepaticae, chiefly species of Anthoceros, Blasia, Pellia, Aneura, Diplolaena, Sauteria, and Biccia. Nostoc lichenoides Vauch.^ is a common endophyte in the mucilage-cavities of Anthoceros laevis. The motile algal filaments sain admission through the stomata or mucilage-fissures on the lower side of the thallus. Only one filament is admitted into each cavity, then the ope
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Fig. 45. Fig. 46. Fig. 45.—Young yeast cells, Saccharotnyces ellipsoideus, with nuclei and divisionof nuclei. {After Marshall, Microbiology, Second edition, p. 64.) Fig. 46.—Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisice, the variety known as brewers bottomyeast; a, spore formation; b, elongated cells. {After Schneider, Pharmaceutical Bac-teriology, p. 144.) the mother cell. In spore formation, the chromation which is scatteredthrough the cytoplasm is absorbed more or less completely into thenucleolus which elongates and divides by a constriction in its middlepar Stock Photo
RM2ANCBBA–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Fig. 45. Fig. 46. Fig. 45.—Young yeast cells, Saccharotnyces ellipsoideus, with nuclei and divisionof nuclei. {After Marshall, Microbiology, Second edition, p. 64.) Fig. 46.—Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisice, the variety known as brewers bottomyeast; a, spore formation; b, elongated cells. {After Schneider, Pharmaceutical Bac-teriology, p. 144.) the mother cell. In spore formation, the chromation which is scatteredthrough the cytoplasm is absorbed more or less completely into thenucleolus which elongates and divides by a constriction in its middlepar
. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 274: ASCOMYCETKS. glutinous; it consists of small eight-spored asci over which project septate paraphyses, and also non-septate paraphyse-like structures which discharge a brown secretion. The ascospores are unicellular, hyaline, and canoe-shaped; on germination they give off a germ-tube which immediately develops into a septate mycelium. The mycelium is found in the intercellular spaces of the rind-parenchyma, but Stock Photo
RMPG4BC8–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 274: ASCOMYCETKS. glutinous; it consists of small eight-spored asci over which project septate paraphyses, and also non-septate paraphyse-like structures which discharge a brown secretion. The ascospores are unicellular, hyaline, and canoe-shaped; on germination they give off a germ-tube which immediately develops into a septate mycelium. The mycelium is found in the intercellular spaces of the rind-parenchyma, but
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . , Melandrium, Stellaria,etc. The spores of this smut replace the pollen grains in the anthersof these plants and when the flowers open a violet smut dust is dis-charged from the anthers instead of the pollen. Female flowers ofMelandrium attacked by the fungus show a marked morphologicdifferentiation in the development of mature stamens out of staminalrudiments. These anthers are invaded by the fungus and in them theparasite fructifies. The formation of galls is a marked feature of the ecology of fungi.One form of these malformations is seen in the Stock Photo
RM2AND2HG–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . , Melandrium, Stellaria,etc. The spores of this smut replace the pollen grains in the anthersof these plants and when the flowers open a violet smut dust is dis-charged from the anthers instead of the pollen. Female flowers ofMelandrium attacked by the fungus show a marked morphologicdifferentiation in the development of mature stamens out of staminalrudiments. These anthers are invaded by the fungus and in them theparasite fructifies. The formation of galls is a marked feature of the ecology of fungi.One form of these malformations is seen in the
. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 392 UREDINKAE. than those of G. tremdloides. The aecidiospores—Boestelia cornuta—occur on species of Pyrus {Sorbiis); they are much smaller than those of Roestelia penicillata. The Hoestelia themselves are long, curved, and hom-like, while the walls of the peridial cells are beset with short processes (Fig. 224). Where Pynts Aucuparia occurs mixed with Pyrus Malus, it has been observed that Boestelia cornuta is conf Stock Photo
RMPG4AXM–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 392 UREDINKAE. than those of G. tremdloides. The aecidiospores—Boestelia cornuta—occur on species of Pyrus {Sorbiis); they are much smaller than those of Roestelia penicillata. The Hoestelia themselves are long, curved, and hom-like, while the walls of the peridial cells are beset with short processes (Fig. 224). Where Pynts Aucuparia occurs mixed with Pyrus Malus, it has been observed that Boestelia cornuta is conf
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . , 1901, Abt. i: 187-204.Spaulding, Perley: Fungi of Clay Mines, 21 Report Mo. Bot. Gard, 189-195.Stover, WiMEk G.: The Agaricaceze of Ohio. Proc. Ohio State Acad. Sci., vol. V, part 9: 462-577, 1912..Underwood, L. M. and Earle, T. S.: The Distribution of the Species of Gymno- sporangium in the South on Juniperus virginiana] Botanical Gazette, 22: 255-258, 1896.Underwood, Lucien M.: Moulds, Mildews and Mushrooms. A Guide to the Systematic Study of the Fungi and Mycetozoa and Their Literature, New York, 1899.Verrill, a. E.: A Recent Case of Mushroom Stock Photo
RM2ANAXTY–A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . , 1901, Abt. i: 187-204.Spaulding, Perley: Fungi of Clay Mines, 21 Report Mo. Bot. Gard, 189-195.Stover, WiMEk G.: The Agaricaceze of Ohio. Proc. Ohio State Acad. Sci., vol. V, part 9: 462-577, 1912..Underwood, L. M. and Earle, T. S.: The Distribution of the Species of Gymno- sporangium in the South on Juniperus virginiana] Botanical Gazette, 22: 255-258, 1896.Underwood, Lucien M.: Moulds, Mildews and Mushrooms. A Guide to the Systematic Study of the Fungi and Mycetozoa and Their Literature, New York, 1899.Verrill, a. E.: A Recent Case of Mushroom