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RM2AJ2E69–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . Fig. II.—Frogs gastrocnemius, dead ten days.. Fig. 12.—Frogs stomach, dead three days. In the three groups of vertebrates, then, we obtain in rigoredmuscle only one heat contraction, due to effects upon connectivetissue elements. That previous observers have not noted this in thecase of frogs muscle is probably due to their having underestimatedthe lapse of time necessary to bring on rigor mortis in this animal.In many instances we have obtained the first contraction when theanimal has been lying in saline solution apparently dead for several days,but in all the
RMPFY6G7–. Currents in biochemical research. Biochemistry -- Research; Biochemistry; Research. LEONOR MICHAELIS in extremely alkaline solution can be written as formula XI and which O -O OH i k CH3—/N—CHs CH3— / —CH3 CH3— Y 0 X —CH3 CH3 -CHs. —CH3 —CH3 -o XI in less alkaline solution would add first one, then another, proton to form XII. This is the customary bivalent reduction. The inter- mediate, brown substance is the result of a univalent reduction; and it can be shown by various methods, to be described later on (see pages 215 and 217), that it has the same molecular size as XI and differs fro
RM2AJ2CY6–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . R, yl. R., fholo. Plate I. Auxanograms of CARBON Nutritivk aluls oi Hlmic andSaccharohumic Acids and Coxtrol Gllcose PL.ITF. II
RMPFY6FW–. Currents in biochemical research. Biochemistry -- Research; Biochemistry; Research. GREGORY PINCUS fate of the corticosteroids in the organism. We have mentioned that desoxycorticosterone is degraded in part to pregnanediol. No parallel information is available for the other active corticoids such as VII and VIII, largely because these substances are available as pure CH2OH CH2OH. 0= -^/ (VII) Corticosterone c=o OH (VIII) ll-Dehydro-17-hydroxycorticosterone chemicals in only very small amounts. (They have been obtainable thus far only from adrenal gland extracts and the yields are very low
RM2AJ2HEH–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . Fig. 3.—Pigeons striped muscle, living. I. Vincent and Lewis, loc. cit. 370 BIO-CHEMICAL JOURNAL. Fig. 4.—Pigeons striped muscle, dead twenty-four hours. Rigor mortis present. Effects of Temperature on Amphibian Striped and Unstriped Muscle (Living) On testing the striped muscle of frogs living at the beginningof the experiment, we find (i) a marked contraction at about 39° C.(38° to 41°) ; (2) a contraction at about 50° C. (49° to 51°). Theseresults are shown in Fig. 5.
RMPFY6G1–. Currents in biochemical research. Biochemistry -- Research; Biochemistry; Research. STEROID HORMONES would appear to be from I —> II -^ III. The conversion of I —> II has been accomplished by bacteria. It is interesting that A^-prcg- nenolone has been obtained as a naturally occurring substance thus far only from testis tissue; yet progesterone is a female hormone par excellence. Patient search for pregnenolone in female tissues appears desirable. Among the naturally occurring 19-carbon steroids, A^-dehydro- isoandrosterone (formula IV) corresponds to A*-pregnenolone. We would expect i
RM2AJ2GT2–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . Fig. 5.—Frogs gastrocnemius, living. Note contractions due to electric stimuliup to 42° C, HKAT RIGOR IN ERTKBRAII-: Ml SCI-K 371 In unstriped amphibian muscle the same two contractions occur,but in this case there is always considerable relaxation between thetwo contractions. (See Fig. 6.). Fig. 6.—Frogs stomach, living. Marked relaxation after the first contraction iswell shown in this tracing. Thus it will be seen that in amphibian as well as mammalianmuscle of both kinds living at the beginning of the experiment weget two contractions, and we may assume th
RMPFY6GE–. Currents in biochemical research. Biochemistry -- Research; Biochemistry; Research. CARBON DIOXIDE formed earlier can be converted to pyruvic acid by reductive carboxyl- ation, i. e., by reversal of reaction Ilia. We would thus have a cyclic mechanism whereby carbon dioxide and hydrogen entering at various points would emerge as pyruvic acid. The di- and tricarboxylic acids would only act catalytically as carriers of carbon dioxide and hydrogen. This is a reversal of the so-called tricarboxylic acid cycle, which is considered to be an important pathway for the oxidative breakdown of carbohyd
RM2AJ2CAW–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . R. A. R., phoh. PbATli II. AUXANOGRAMS Ol XriROGEN NuTRITIVE aLUES OF 0-15°/^ Potassium Humails and Saccharomumates QP501 V.x cop. 4 Biological& MedicalSerials The Biochemical joumcl PLEASE DO NOT REMOVECARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY £s.vn«B .^^^^gi» ^ .?:?•*-: .. v.;j-.i.,,v:v;W,;s.?.?,?•.••:??.? I ?•!! / ^Cvi ?*7i*i
RMPFY6GM–. Currents in biochemical research. Biochemistry -- Research; Biochemistry; Research. FRITZ LIPMANN hexose/2 *- ^^ph ph-glyceraildehydc + ph ph-glyceryl'^ph â 2 H â*â '^ph ph-glycerate â H2O ph'^'enolpyruvate â*â '^ph pyruvate -r 1H lactate The terms 'ph, -ph, and ph characterize, respectively, the energy rich phosphate bond (12 kcal.), the ester phosphate bond (3 kcal.) and inorganic phosphate (7). Scheme i The Process Pattern of Lactic Acid Fermentation HEXOSE * ^ , )kâr^ 12 Kcal.(ph) ad 12 Kcal.(ph) LACTIC ACID-^. The flow line represents a projection into space of the catalytic pathway
RM2AJ2DDH–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . otic pressure mayenter here also, that of the artificial compounds being presumably I. Jahrh. a/,«. Hot., iqoi. Bd. XXXMI, p. ^S^ 472 BIO-CHEMICAL JOURNAL lower than that of the natural acids. This difference in pressure maybe inferred from the habit of growth in the various cultures, themycelia grown in the natural acid showing most submerged growth,while that in the artificial compound shows least. Beauverie,^ inexperiments with mineral cultures on moulds, showed that increasedconcentration was accompanied by a greater amount of submergedgrowth of the mycelium
![. Currents in biochemical research. Biochemistry -- Research; Biochemistry; Research. X o- I o ^ % X x c o c '5 -- ^ o X ^ 8 o H H u C w o '0 a 3 o S o XX XX O O E 0 O 111,1 X X —0—-J 0:3 K 8 o u 3 5. I X O^ ^. /" J O O ffi OS 0 0 Vl—u=o—o—o—u I X I o. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Green, David Ezra, 1910-. New York, Interscience Publishers, Inc. Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PFY6FM/currents-in-biochemical-research-biochemistry-research-biochemistry-research-x-o-i-o-x-x-c-o-c-5-o-x-8-o-h-h-u-c-w-o-0-a-3-o-s-o-xx-xx-o-o-e-0-o-1111-x-x-0-j-03-k-8-o-u-3-5-i-x-o-quot-j-o-o-ffi-os-0-0-vlu=ooou-i-x-i-o-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-green-david-ezra-1910-new-york-interscience-publishers-inc-PFY6FM.jpg ". Currents in biochemical research. Biochemistry -- Research; Biochemistry; Research. X o- I o ^ % X x c o c '5 -- ^ o X ^ 8 o H H u C w o '0 a 3 o S o XX XX O O E 0 O 111,1 X X —0—-J 0:3 K 8 o u 3 5. I X O^ ^. /" J O O ffi OS 0 0 Vl—u=o—o—o—u I X I o. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Green, David Ezra, 1910-. New York, Interscience Publishers, Inc. Stock Photo")
RMPFY6FM–. Currents in biochemical research. Biochemistry -- Research; Biochemistry; Research. X o- I o ^ % X x c o c '5 -- ^ o X ^ 8 o H H u C w o '0 a 3 o S o XX XX O O E 0 O 111,1 X X —0—-J 0:3 K 8 o u 3 5. I X O^ ^. /" J O O ffi OS 0 0 Vl—u=o—o—o—u I X I o. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Green, David Ezra, 1910-. New York, Interscience Publishers, Inc.
RM2AJ2H5R–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . Fig. 4.—Pigeons striped muscle, dead twenty-four hours. Rigor mortis present. Effects of Temperature on Amphibian Striped and Unstriped Muscle (Living) On testing the striped muscle of frogs living at the beginningof the experiment, we find (i) a marked contraction at about 39° C.(38° to 41°) ; (2) a contraction at about 50° C. (49° to 51°). Theseresults are shown in Fig. 5.. Fig. 5.—Frogs gastrocnemius, living. Note contractions due to electric stimuliup to 42° C, HKAT RIGOR IN ERTKBRAII-: Ml SCI-K 371 In unstriped amphibian muscle the same two contractions o
RMPFY6G4–. Currents in biochemical research. Biochemistry -- Research; Biochemistry; Research. OH O-d. + 2H / HO.. OH /X o /X + 2 H / HO. H H Androsterone 313. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Green, David Ezra, 1910-. New York, Interscience Publishers, Inc.
RM2AJ2P43–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . F135 Fig.6 103 IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OFSUGAR IN BLOOD AND OTHER TISSUES, WITH ACONSIDERATION OF THE CONDITION OF THESUGAR IN BLOOD Bv E. S. HDI1-: AND D. SPENCE. From flu liio-Clnnticol Lithonitory, University of Livtrpool(RtCiivid DiCfiiiber 25///, igo6) Up to the present, many methods have been devised for thedetermination of sugar in blood and other tissues. These methods,however, are all the same in principle, depending on the removalof the protein from the solution and the subsequent determinationof the sugar by reduction or fermentation. Me
RMPFY6G9–. Currents in biochemical research. Biochemistry -- Research; Biochemistry; Research. GREGORY PINCUS obtained evidence for its production by human ovaries perfused in vitro. Estradiol is oxidized to estrone by various tissues and estrone is re- duced to estradiol. Which of the two is formed first in the ovary cannot therefore be determined a priori. We need to know the pre- cursor of both to solve the problem. The isolation of estrone (but not estradiol) from adrenal tissue suggests that it may be supplied by the adrenal gland to the ovary for conversion to estradiol. Production of estrone by
RM2AJ2K2X–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . I o .. -t3 ^ p Vj b. 334 BIO-CHEMICAL JOURNAL longer time, as may be seen from Fig. 2. No attempt was made torecover the animal from this dose with artificial respiration, Efect of Repeated Small Doses on the Blood Pressure.—The effectof repeated small doses on the same animal is also interesting. In a large rabbit f minim (0*015 ^•^•) ^^ ^^^ ^^^g was injected asabove, and produced on the blood pressure an immediate depressoreffect, rapidly followed by a lesser pressor, which in turn is followedby a fall.. Fig. 2—Carotid trace in a rabbit of 2300 grams showing t
RMPFY6FK–. Currents in biochemical research. Biochemistry -- Research; Biochemistry; Research. X-RAY DIFFRACTION part of the pattern. It is therefore customary to stop the primary beam with a small lead plate, the shadow of which can be seen in the center of Figure 1. In addition to these spots, one observes a fairly distinct accumulation of scattered intensity in the immediate neighborhood of the incident beam and a faint, but not negligible, diffuse background upon which the diffraction spots are superimposed. Theoretical considerations (see 9,24) and extensive experience with x-ray diagrams of many
RM2AJ2J43–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . tion occurs atthis temperature. Causes of the first contraction.—In the opinion of the present writerthis contraction is due to the coagulation by heat of the complexprotein present in muscle fibre at the moment of death. Stewartand Sollmann^ suggest that paramyosinogen does not exist as such I. Journ. of Physiol, Vol. XXIV. p. 427, l8qq. 368 BIO-CHEMICAL JOURNAL in living muscle, but, as pointed out by Vincent and Lewis, if eitherof the described muscle proteins (which can be separated by the heatcoagulation method from a saline extract^), be absent at the mome
![. Currents in biochemical research. Biochemistry -- Research; Biochemistry; Research. FRITZ LIPMANN line cuts arbitrarUy through at the succinate/fumarate potential not far below the middle between hydrogen and oxygen potentials at pH 7. 0, +1.23 r + 0.42 + 0.2 "5 > 0 -0.2 |2H |2I HC:0 + Spo HCOH HzCOpo". COa + COOH CH2 CH2 COOH C02 + COOH COOH COOH CH2 CH2 ^ CH H C:0 CH oPoi/^CHj COOH COOH ^COOH Fig, 1.—Citric Acid Cycle. The dotted lines mark off the constantly repeating process unit. Each turn—from condensation to oxalacetate regeneration—oxidizes a two-carbon unit of car Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PFY6GH/currents-in-biochemical-research-biochemistry-research-biochemistry-research-fritz-lipmann-line-cuts-arbitraruy-through-at-the-succinatefumarate-potential-not-far-below-the-middle-between-hydrogen-and-oxygen-potentials-at-ph-7-0-123-r-042-02-quot5-gt-0-02-2h-2i-hc0-spo-hcoh-hzcopoquot-coa-cooh-ch2-ch2-cooh-c02-cooh-cooh-cooh-ch2-ch2-ch-h-c0-ch-opoichj-cooh-cooh-cooh-fig-1citric-acid-cycle-the-dotted-lines-mark-off-the-constantly-repeating-process-unit-each-turnfrom-condensation-to-oxalacetate-regenerationoxidizes-a-two-carbon-unit-of-car-PFY6GH.jpg ". Currents in biochemical research. Biochemistry -- Research; Biochemistry; Research. FRITZ LIPMANN line cuts arbitrarUy through at the succinate/fumarate potential not far below the middle between hydrogen and oxygen potentials at pH 7. 0, +1.23 r + 0.42 + 0.2 "5 > 0 -0.2 |2H |2I HC:0 + Spo HCOH HzCOpo". COa + COOH CH2 CH2 COOH C02 + COOH COOH COOH CH2 CH2 ^ CH H C:0 CH oPoi/^CHj COOH COOH ^COOH Fig, 1.—Citric Acid Cycle. The dotted lines mark off the constantly repeating process unit. Each turn—from condensation to oxalacetate regeneration—oxidizes a two-carbon unit of car Stock Photo")
RMPFY6GH–. Currents in biochemical research. Biochemistry -- Research; Biochemistry; Research. FRITZ LIPMANN line cuts arbitrarUy through at the succinate/fumarate potential not far below the middle between hydrogen and oxygen potentials at pH 7. 0, +1.23 r + 0.42 + 0.2 "5 > 0 -0.2 |2H |2I HC:0 + Spo HCOH HzCOpo". COa + COOH CH2 CH2 COOH C02 + COOH COOH COOH CH2 CH2 ^ CH H C:0 CH oPoi/^CHj COOH COOH ^COOH Fig, 1.—Citric Acid Cycle. The dotted lines mark off the constantly repeating process unit. Each turn—from condensation to oxalacetate regeneration—oxidizes a two-carbon unit of car
RMPFY6GP–. Currents in biochemical research. Biochemistry -- Research; Biochemistry; Research. H. GAFFRON limited supply of coal, it is quite clear that we are spending mainly as fuel irreplaceable organic material.. Fig. 1.—Virgin forests in 1850. Can these losses of stored products of photosynthesis be offset by the assimilation of carbon going on today? Within the cultivated areas of industrialized countries this is not the case, and foresters agree that virgin forests are more or less stationary. New growth balances natural decay. Only well-planned agriculture and expert forestry may perhaps furnis
RM2AJ2KDM–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . sealed capillary tube at 265°. Heated in an open tube, it yieldeda crystalline sublimate, but also underwent a slight decomposition,and gave an odour very similar to that which leucin gives whenheated in the same manner. The substance consisted of minutefeathery needles, but sometimes rhomb-shaped plates were observed.With copper acetate it yielded a blue copper salt, slightly soluble inwater. The general behaviour of the substance left no doubt as 2^2 BIO-CHEMICAL JOURNAL to its identity with clavin. This identity was further supported byanalyses, which, at the
RMPFY6FP–. Currents in biochemical research. Biochemistry -- Research; Biochemistry; Research. â 30. SOCIAL ASPECTS OF NUTRITION W. H. SEBRELL, medical director, u. s. public health service; CHIEF, DIVISION OF PHYSIOLOGY, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH 'XTHE PHENOMENAL scientific progress in biochemistry -^ in the past few decades has opened up new vistas in the field of nutrition. The most important aspect of this progress has been our greatly increased knowledge of the chemistry of the human organism. Although we still have much to learn about the chemistry of our vital processes, enough is now known
RM2AJ2HNA–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . ents length of muscle at end of experiment. I. Halliburton, Journ. of Physiol, Vol. VIII, p. 133, 1887. HEAT RIGOR IN ERTEBRATE MUSCLE 369 We may then provisionally conclude that the cause of the con-traction at about 47° C. is due to the coagulation by heat of themuscle protein. In the experiments in which I started with living muscle it hasbeen found that loss of irritability occurs at or immediately after thetemperature at which this first contraction begins. Cause of the Contraction at 63° C.—This is due, as first clearlypointed out by Vincent and Lewis, to
RM2AJ2REC–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . variably causesleakage. The osmometer is screwed together by means of a male screwon the lower casing and a female screw on a circular joining piece ofthick metal possessing a flange, which fits against a flange on the uppercase as shown in the drawing. The thumb hold on the lower caseenables the whole to be tightly screwed together. The capacity of each chamber was about 20 c.c, the diameter5 cm., and the depth i cm. ; so that a large surface for diffusionand rapid equalization of crystalloids was offered, relatively, to thevolumes of the chambers. In fitting u
RM2AJ2NX9–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . weak sympathetic motor paralysis. Like ourselves, he regarded thisas indicating that the principle responsible for the paralytic effectsprobably had none of the stimulant properties, and that, w^here thetwo sets of effects w^ere observed, tw-o principles were at work. Theisolation of ergotoxine, in the form of pure crystalline salts, at onceshowed, however, that this conclusion was wrong. What, if any, isthe relation to ergotoxine of the substance which gives to the liquidextract what specific activity it possesses is at present quite uncertain,and will probably
RM2AJ2FPJ–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . Fig. 7.—Rabbits striped muscle, dead one day. Rigor mortis present. It is Stated by Vernon, as quoted above, that the 37° to 40° C.contraction is absent in amphibian unstriped muscle, and this was 372 BIO-CHEMICAL JOURNAL the opinion also of Vincent and Lewis/ There can, however, belittle doubt that this contraction occurs, as I have obtained it in fivesuccessive experiments, and it is well shown in Fig. 6. The onlydifferences, then, between amphibian and mammalian muscle are(i) that the two contractions occur at a lower temperature in theformer case than in the
RM2AJ2N9D–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . persistence of the pupillaryconstriction after atropine indicated, in the case of the sphincteriridis, a quite peripheral action. A repetition of the nicotine experi-ment with pure ergotoxine salts has shown that the pressor effect isquite well produced in the cat after doses of nicotine (30 mgms.)sufficient to abolish the ordinary effects of stimulating sympatheticnerves (such as the pupillo-dilator action of the cervical sympathetic),provided only that the action of the heart has not been too greatlyenfeebled by the nicotine injections. (See Fig. 3.) ERGOTOXIN
RM2AJ2F5K–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . Fig. 8.—Rabbits bladder, dead two days. Rigor mortis present. Heat Contractions in Rigored Muscle It has been stated^ that if a muscle which has been passed intoa state of rigor mortis be subjected to a rising temperature the abovecontractions are modified according to the stage the rigor has reached.When this is complete the lever writes a straight line until a tempera-ture of 63° C. is reached, when it suddenly drops and falls off thedrum. My own experiments fully confirm this observation. On gradually heating mammalian muscle, striped or unstriped,which is ei
RM2AJ2T26–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . en by such hugeaggregates, for the fact of diffusion occurring is prima facie evidencein favour of the existence of an osmotic pressure if we possesseddelicate enough methods to detect it. Experimental Methods The osmometer^ used for the experiments is illustrated by theaccompanying sectional drawing (Fig. i) and photograph (Fig. 2). I. The construction of the osmometer, and preliminary results, were described in a short paper readat the Southport Meeting of the British Association, iqoj. A new form of osmometer for direct deter-mination of osmotic pressure of C
RM2AJ2DTJ–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . dead three days. In the three groups of vertebrates, then, we obtain in rigoredmuscle only one heat contraction, due to effects upon connectivetissue elements. That previous observers have not noted this in thecase of frogs muscle is probably due to their having underestimatedthe lapse of time necessary to bring on rigor mortis in this animal.In many instances we have obtained the first contraction when theanimal has been lying in saline solution apparently dead for several days,but in all these cases, on testing the matter, we have found that themuscles would r
RM2AJ2RMJ–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . J CAPACITY ABOUT 20 C C. Fi(.. I. Sectional view ui Osmometer magnified U time-. The osmometer consisted of platinum linings, or capsules,supported and held in apposition b) thick walled brass chambers. 48 BIO-CHEMICAL JOURNAL Each half of the platinum lining was the same in construction, beinga circular shallow capsule with a platinum tube leading away fromits base and projecting beyond a similar, but larger, tube in thethick walled brass case. Around the rim of each platinum capsulewas a flange, which faced over the similar flat flange shown on theouter bras
RM2AJ2EWH–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . Pig. y—Dogs striped muscle. Rigor mortis present but not very pronounced.. PiG. 10.—Rabbits striped muscle, dead three hours. Rigor not yet present. Noreaction to electric stimulus. On similarly testing rigored or dead amphibian muscle, stripedor unstriped, wc find analogous conditions. The first contraction 374 (at 38° C.) does not occur,only, viz., at about 53° C, BIO-CHEMICAL JOURNAL Here again we get one contraction
RM2AJ2EEK–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . PiG. 10.—Rabbits striped muscle, dead three hours. Rigor not yet present. Noreaction to electric stimulus. On similarly testing rigored or dead amphibian muscle, stripedor unstriped, wc find analogous conditions. The first contraction 374 (at 38° C.) does not occur,only, viz., at about 53° C, BIO-CHEMICAL JOURNAL Here again we get one contraction. Fig. II.—Frogs gastrocnemius, dead ten days.
RM2AJ2KMH–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . rger quantity by a slightmodification of Vahlens method. 22 kilos, of ergot were extracted with water ; the extract was concentrated to 22litres, and precipitated witli 1500 grammes of barium hydrate; the precipitate waswashed with 13 litres of water. On removal of the excess of baryta from the filtrateand washings, by means of sulphuric acid (about 50 grammes of barium sulphate beingformed), the solution was concentrated i?i vacuo to a small bulk, mixed with 10 kilos,of silver sand, and dried completely in vacuo at 100°. The resulting product was extractedthree
RM2AJ2M5B–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . Fig. 7; Cat, 2i kilos. Pithed. Artificial respiration. Carotid blood-pressure. Injections into jugular vein.Effects of ergotinine— At A—I mgm. of ergotinine. At B—3 mgms. of ergotinine. At C—o05 mgm. of the suprarenal principle.The ergotinine produces little pressor effect, and no subsequent vaso-motor reversal. ERGOroXlNE AND CONSTITUENTS OF ERGOT 273 As will be seen, the crg:otininc produced a small rise of blood-pressure, and practically no vaso-motor reversal, whereas a smallerquantity of the phosphate of the amorphous alkaloid, obtained fromit, caused a ver
RM2AJ2T6N–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . R. A. R., phoh. PbATli II. AUXANOGRAMS Ol XriROGEN NuTRITIVE aLUES OF 0-15°/^ Potassium Humails and Saccharomumates QP501 V.x cop. 4 Biological& MedicalSerials The Biochemical joumcl PLEASE DO NOT REMOVECARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY £s.vn«B .^^^^gi» ^ .?:?•*-: .. v.;j-.i.,,v:v;W,;s.?.?,?•.••:??.? I ?•!! / ^Cvi ?*7i*i
RM2AJ2N17–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . this connexion, that Zutz (36), with a commercial specimenof Cornutin citrate, observed no rise of temperature in a guinea-pig, which, after aninjection of 10 mgms., recovered in ij hours. (2) Rabbit, 1410 grammes. 12.4 p.m. I mgm. of ergotoxine phosphate dissolved in 0*5 c.c. of distilled water injected into right ear-vein.12.12 p m. No symptoms except very rapid respiration and prominence of the eye-balls.1.10 p.m. Respiration still rapid. Jerky movements begin.2.0 p.m. Recovered. (3). Rabbit, 1420 grammes. 11.55 ^-n^- 2 mgms. ergotoxine, dissolved in I c.c. d
RM2AJ2GBC–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . Fig. 6.—Frogs stomach, living. Marked relaxation after the first contraction iswell shown in this tracing. Thus it will be seen that in amphibian as well as mammalianmuscle of both kinds living at the beginning of the experiment weget two contractions, and we may assume that in both cases the firstis due to the muscle protein, the second to the connective tissue.. Fig. 7.—Rabbits striped muscle, dead one day. Rigor mortis present. It is Stated by Vernon, as quoted above, that the 37° to 40° C.contraction is absent in amphibian unstriped muscle, and this was 372
RM2AJ2MMR–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . egained its natural colour, withthe exception of the digitations which are all intensely black, and drying at thetips, as much as 0*5 cm. being dry and shrivelled. 10.55 ^•^- Hypodermic injection of a further 10 mgms. of ergotoxine in 80 per cent,alcohol. The effects were again similar, and the gangrenous process was found tohave advanced on the 21st, when a further 10 mgms. were injected. After thislast injection the hinder part of the comb remained dark in colour till the 25th,when 20 mgms. were injected in similar solution. The whole comb then remaineddark pu
RM2AJ2JB5–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . U O (U -S o -^ *-• -T3 rO-t- o o o O c 13 1 o Ti *-* c S 3 « £ i- -C 4- ^ *-• m JJ *- c; « c? tc O M) c a. rt 3 > 72 o lj <« 15 , , 15 «? 3 ^ 6 3 fee 3 rs V ?^ u, ZJ >-, O c^ *-< -)- r U o *-*-< N u. ^ O 3 « to Oh G G x) o !5 o u rT c —; ^ 4 , 3 OJ rj ^ u V u 1 o^ E 2=. U 3 0 -T3 ;i 3 u, 2 CiJd N — iC-« o i: .^ -Q U 338 BIO-CHEMICAL JOURNAL some irregularity, even arresting the heart in diastole in one case ;but this is quite exceptional, and due probably to the experimentshaving been done in winter. Mr. Cranston Walker, at my request,repeate
RM2AJ2HYG–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . Fig. I.—Dogs striped muscle. Note contractions due to electric stimuli, ceasingat 48° C.. Fig. 2.—Dogs striped ^muscle, living. Apparatus used in this experiment showslength of contraction without magnifying. A large strip of musclewas used. A represents length of muscle at end of experiment. I. Halliburton, Journ. of Physiol, Vol. VIII, p. 133, 1887. HEAT RIGOR IN ERTEBRATE MUSCLE 369 We may then provisionally conclude that the cause of the con-traction at about 47° C. is due to the coagulation by heat of themuscle protein. In the experiments in which I starte
RM2AJ2MC4–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . d-shaped plates, melting at 182°. The thin prisms of ergotinine wereentirely absent. As ergotoxine phosphate, crystallising in prisms, melts at 182° to 183°,and as the melting point was not lowered after mixing with a quantity of the new plates,it seemed probable that the latter represented ergotoxine phosphate. In support ofthis view was also the fact that the new substance yielded, on decomposition with ammonia,an amorphous base apparently identical with ergotoxine. The new phosphate thus obtained from ergotinine was tested physiologically byintravenous inject
RM2AJ2JM3–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . y afterwards another f minim was injected, and followedas before by a depressor effect, though less rapidly produced, thesubsequent pressor effect being more marked. Another ^ minimresulted in a less depressor effect followed by a pressor rise to slightlyabove the normal. Another ^ minim had a similar result with lessdepressor and still greater pressor after-effect, and another ^ minimincreased the after pressor effect still more, but the depressor effectwas never abolished. PHYSIOLOGICAL ACiIOX OF AT,LVL SULPHIDE 33=; The f minim doses were now given in rapid s
RM2AJ2NGG–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . d under artificial respiration. In a catunder these conditions, 0*5 m^m. of a pure ergotoxine salt per kilocaused the characteristic marked rise of blood-pressure, succeeded by vaso-motor reversal. Some variation occurred with different animals,but the dose necessary to reverse the vaso-motor effect of o*i mgm.of the suprarenal principle in the cat did not, in any case, differwidely from this. Rather more—about i mgm. per kilo.—was neededto reverse the motor effect of suprarenal or other sympathetic stimula-tion on the uterus of the cat in early pregnancy : in a
RM2AJ2THX–The Biochemical journal, 1907 . R, yl. R., fholo. Plate I. Auxanograms of CARBON Nutritivk aluls oi Hlmic andSaccharohumic Acids and Coxtrol Gllcose PL.ITF. II
RMRJBF36–. Cell chemistry; a collection of papers dedicated to Otto Warburg on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Warburg, Otto Heinrich, 1883-; Biochemistry. ^•OL. 12 (1953) ACETYL COENZYME A SYNTHESIS 145 Identification of the reaction products. Chou had frequently observed that the amount of phosphate Hberated was far below the amount of hydroxamic acid formed. Recently these studies were resumed, particularly in view of Lynen's identification of acetyl Co A as the mercaptoester of CoA^^. Various ob- servations then indicated that inorganic pyrophosphate rather than orthophosphate was being liberate
RMRHM265–. Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. 8 OLOV LINDBERG et al. Inhibition of dinitrophenol- and Mg + ^-activated A TPases by thyroxine and rehited compounds In Fig. I, the effects of thyroxine, triiodothyronine and desamino- thyroxine on the dinitrophenol induced ATPase of rat Hver mitochondria are illustrated. Of the three compounds, desaminothyroxine exhibited the strongest inhibition, giving half-inhibition at a concentration of about 0-02 mM. The effect of the same compounds on the Mg + +-acti- vated ATPase is shown in Fig. 2. For the study of this reactio
![. Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHOSPHORYLATION" AND THE ENERGY CONVERSION PROCESS 379. Fig. 21. Effect of thiosulphate and oxaloacetate on photofixation of nitrogen gas by Chromatiimi cells. The reaction mixture included in a final volume of 2-9 ml., 01 g. of washed cells, suspended in a modified nutrient solution, pH 72 (from which nitrogen compounds were omitted). 20 /^moles each of thiosulphate and oxaloacetate were added as indicated, o • i ml. of 20",, KOH was placed in the centre wells of the Warburg manometer flasks. Th Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RHKFMG/biological-structure-and-function-proceedings-biochemistry-cytology-photosynthetic-phosphorylationquot-and-the-energy-conversion-process-379-fig-21-effect-of-thiosulphate-and-oxaloacetate-on-photofixation-of-nitrogen-gas-by-chromatiimi-cells-the-reaction-mixture-included-in-a-final-volume-of-2-9-ml-01-g-of-washed-cells-suspended-in-a-modified-nutrient-solution-ph-72-from-which-nitrogen-compounds-were-omitted-20-moles-each-of-thiosulphate-and-oxaloacetate-were-added-as-indicated-o-i-ml-of-20quot-koh-was-placed-in-the-centre-wells-of-the-warburg-manometer-flasks-th-RHKFMG.jpg ". Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHOSPHORYLATION" AND THE ENERGY CONVERSION PROCESS 379. Fig. 21. Effect of thiosulphate and oxaloacetate on photofixation of nitrogen gas by Chromatiimi cells. The reaction mixture included in a final volume of 2-9 ml., 01 g. of washed cells, suspended in a modified nutrient solution, pH 72 (from which nitrogen compounds were omitted). 20 /^moles each of thiosulphate and oxaloacetate were added as indicated, o • i ml. of 20",, KOH was placed in the centre wells of the Warburg manometer flasks. Th Stock Photo")
RMRHKFMG–. Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHOSPHORYLATION" AND THE ENERGY CONVERSION PROCESS 379. Fig. 21. Effect of thiosulphate and oxaloacetate on photofixation of nitrogen gas by Chromatiimi cells. The reaction mixture included in a final volume of 2-9 ml., 01 g. of washed cells, suspended in a modified nutrient solution, pH 72 (from which nitrogen compounds were omitted). 20 /^moles each of thiosulphate and oxaloacetate were added as indicated, o • i ml. of 20",, KOH was placed in the centre wells of the Warburg manometer flasks. Th
![. Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. ENZYMK- FORMATION OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID 105 that the labelled deoxyribonucleotide was subsequently used for DNA synthesis. In the experiment described in Fig. 2 DNA was synthesized. Fig. I. Time curve of DX.A formation from tritium or ''-P-labelled CMP, as measured by the incorporation of isotope into DNA [7, 8]. Incubation conditions for one time point: o • i ^tmole of labelled CMP, i o /^^mole of ATP, 5 -o /^imoles of MgCl,, o-i mg. of heated DNA (10 min. at 100 ) and 4-5 mg. of "enzTne", final volume 0-4 Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RT05C1/biological-structure-and-function-proceedings-biochemistry-cytology-enzymk-formation-of-deoxyribonucleic-acid-105-that-the-labelled-deoxyribonucleotide-was-subsequently-used-for-dna-synthesis-in-the-experiment-described-in-fig-2-dna-was-synthesized-fig-i-time-curve-of-dxa-formation-from-tritium-or-p-labelled-cmp-as-measured-by-the-incorporation-of-isotope-into-dna-7-8-incubation-conditions-for-one-time-point-o-i-tmole-of-labelled-cmp-i-o-mole-of-atp-5-o-imoles-of-mgcl-o-i-mg-of-heated-dna-10-min-at-100-and-4-5-mg-of-quotenztnequot-final-volume-0-4-RT05C1.jpg ". Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. ENZYMK- FORMATION OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID 105 that the labelled deoxyribonucleotide was subsequently used for DNA synthesis. In the experiment described in Fig. 2 DNA was synthesized. Fig. I. Time curve of DX.A formation from tritium or ''-P-labelled CMP, as measured by the incorporation of isotope into DNA [7, 8]. Incubation conditions for one time point: o • i ^tmole of labelled CMP, i o /^^mole of ATP, 5 -o /^imoles of MgCl,, o-i mg. of heated DNA (10 min. at 100 ) and 4-5 mg. of "enzTne", final volume 0-4 Stock Photo")
RMRT05C1–. Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. ENZYMK- FORMATION OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID 105 that the labelled deoxyribonucleotide was subsequently used for DNA synthesis. In the experiment described in Fig. 2 DNA was synthesized. Fig. I. Time curve of DX.A formation from tritium or ''-P-labelled CMP, as measured by the incorporation of isotope into DNA [7, 8]. Incubation conditions for one time point: o • i ^tmole of labelled CMP, i o /^^mole of ATP, 5 -o /^imoles of MgCl,, o-i mg. of heated DNA (10 min. at 100 ) and 4-5 mg. of "enzTne", final volume 0-4
RMRJBEX7–. Cell chemistry; a collection of papers dedicated to Otto Warburg on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Warburg, Otto Heinrich, 1883-; Biochemistry. i68 A. L. SCHADE VOL. 12 (1953) respect to the a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase was there a suggestion that incubation in nitrogen, under our conditions, led to an increase in the activity of this enzyme in the ascitic fluids. However, since comparable increases in activity were observed in those fluids from cell suspensions incubated in oxygen, the small enzymatic activity rise {ca. 17%) was not attributable to anaerobiosis. Fig. 4 summarizes th
RMRHM2F0–. Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. . Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. IUB/IUBS International Symposium (1st : 1960 : Stockholm); International Union of Biochemistry; International Union of Biological Sciences; Goodwin, T. W. (Trevor Walworth); Lindberg, Olov, 1914-. London, New York, Academic Press
![. Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. Fig. 2. Electron micrograph of a section of a maize chloroplast showing details of structure. The dense areas that resemble stacks of coins are the grana. The layers within each granum are called grana lamellae. The grana lamellae of different grana are inter-connected by stroma lamellae. Magnification 35 000 x (courtesy of Dr. A. E. Vatter). chloroplasts [38, 39] in the dark, it was converted to sugar phosphates. The hght and dark phases when carried out separately, yielded essentially the same final photosynthetic prod Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RHM0M1/biological-structure-and-function-proceedings-biochemistry-cytology-fig-2-electron-micrograph-of-a-section-of-a-maize-chloroplast-showing-details-of-structure-the-dense-areas-that-resemble-stacks-of-coins-are-the-grana-the-layers-within-each-granum-are-called-grana-lamellae-the-grana-lamellae-of-different-grana-are-inter-connected-by-stroma-lamellae-magnification-35-000-x-courtesy-of-dr-a-e-vatter-chloroplasts-38-39-in-the-dark-it-was-converted-to-sugar-phosphates-the-hght-and-dark-phases-when-carried-out-separately-yielded-essentially-the-same-final-photosynthetic-prod-RHM0M1.jpg ". Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. Fig. 2. Electron micrograph of a section of a maize chloroplast showing details of structure. The dense areas that resemble stacks of coins are the grana. The layers within each granum are called grana lamellae. The grana lamellae of different grana are inter-connected by stroma lamellae. Magnification 35 000 x (courtesy of Dr. A. E. Vatter). chloroplasts [38, 39] in the dark, it was converted to sugar phosphates. The hght and dark phases when carried out separately, yielded essentially the same final photosynthetic prod Stock Photo")
RMRHM0M1–. Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. Fig. 2. Electron micrograph of a section of a maize chloroplast showing details of structure. The dense areas that resemble stacks of coins are the grana. The layers within each granum are called grana lamellae. The grana lamellae of different grana are inter-connected by stroma lamellae. Magnification 35 000 x (courtesy of Dr. A. E. Vatter). chloroplasts [38, 39] in the dark, it was converted to sugar phosphates. The hght and dark phases when carried out separately, yielded essentially the same final photosynthetic prod
RMRHM1RK–. Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. ASCORBATE-INDUCED LYSIS OF ISOLATED MITOCHONDRIA 59 well be the result of complexing with metals rather than reducing action, for quinone is even more effective than hydroquinone. At 5 and 10 mM hvdroquinone or quinone alone cause a small amount of swelling of the phosphate type. The question whether ascorbate induced lysis of mitochondria is dependent on entry of electrons into the electron transport chain cannot be answered completely just now. It appears to be dependent on some trace metal effect. For the moment we mu
![. Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. FUNCTION OF FLAVOENZYMES IN ELECTRON TRANSPORT 159 fluoride gave a similar efl^ect. This ATP-effect may be analogous to the eff"ect of ATP in inducing DPN-reduction by succinate, recently observed by Chance and Hagihara [45] in aged pigeon-heart mitochondria. It was brieflv indicated above (Table IX) that oligomycin A did not inhibit (in fact even slightly stimulated) the succinate-linked reduction of acetoacetate in the present system. As shown in Fig. 12, this compound was also able to restore efficiently acetocae Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RHG6FW/biological-structure-and-function-proceedings-biochemistry-cytology-function-of-flavoenzymes-in-electron-transport-159-fluoride-gave-a-similar-eflect-this-atp-effect-may-be-analogous-to-the-effquotect-of-atp-in-inducing-dpn-reduction-by-succinate-recently-observed-by-chance-and-hagihara-45-in-aged-pigeon-heart-mitochondria-it-was-brieflv-indicated-above-table-ix-that-oligomycin-a-did-not-inhibit-in-fact-even-slightly-stimulated-the-succinate-linked-reduction-of-acetoacetate-in-the-present-system-as-shown-in-fig-12-this-compound-was-also-able-to-restore-efficiently-acetocae-RHG6FW.jpg ". Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. FUNCTION OF FLAVOENZYMES IN ELECTRON TRANSPORT 159 fluoride gave a similar efl^ect. This ATP-effect may be analogous to the eff"ect of ATP in inducing DPN-reduction by succinate, recently observed by Chance and Hagihara [45] in aged pigeon-heart mitochondria. It was brieflv indicated above (Table IX) that oligomycin A did not inhibit (in fact even slightly stimulated) the succinate-linked reduction of acetoacetate in the present system. As shown in Fig. 12, this compound was also able to restore efficiently acetocae Stock Photo")
RMRHG6FW–. Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. FUNCTION OF FLAVOENZYMES IN ELECTRON TRANSPORT 159 fluoride gave a similar efl^ect. This ATP-effect may be analogous to the eff"ect of ATP in inducing DPN-reduction by succinate, recently observed by Chance and Hagihara [45] in aged pigeon-heart mitochondria. It was brieflv indicated above (Table IX) that oligomycin A did not inhibit (in fact even slightly stimulated) the succinate-linked reduction of acetoacetate in the present system. As shown in Fig. 12, this compound was also able to restore efficiently acetocae
![. Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. NUCLEAR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 269 ditions (upper curve); ribonucleoprotein particles isolated in, or exposed to hypertonic sucrose solutions are completely inert (lower curve). This finding is in agreement with earlier experiments on intact nuclei showing that amino acid uptake proceeds best in isotonic sucrose solutions and is impaired when nuclei are exposed to either hypertonic or hypotonic conditions [44]. Leucine-l-C , , Isotonic nuclear nbosomes. Ribosomes after brief hypertonic exposure 20 40 60 Incubation time (min) Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RHM1C7/biological-structure-and-function-proceedings-biochemistry-cytology-nuclear-protein-synthesis-269-ditions-upper-curve-ribonucleoprotein-particles-isolated-in-or-exposed-to-hypertonic-sucrose-solutions-are-completely-inert-lower-curve-this-finding-is-in-agreement-with-earlier-experiments-on-intact-nuclei-showing-that-amino-acid-uptake-proceeds-best-in-isotonic-sucrose-solutions-and-is-impaired-when-nuclei-are-exposed-to-either-hypertonic-or-hypotonic-conditions-44-leucine-l-c-isotonic-nuclear-nbosomes-ribosomes-after-brief-hypertonic-exposure-20-40-60-incubation-time-min-RHM1C7.jpg ". Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. NUCLEAR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 269 ditions (upper curve); ribonucleoprotein particles isolated in, or exposed to hypertonic sucrose solutions are completely inert (lower curve). This finding is in agreement with earlier experiments on intact nuclei showing that amino acid uptake proceeds best in isotonic sucrose solutions and is impaired when nuclei are exposed to either hypertonic or hypotonic conditions [44]. Leucine-l-C , , Isotonic nuclear nbosomes. Ribosomes after brief hypertonic exposure 20 40 60 Incubation time (min) Stock Photo")
RMRHM1C7–. Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. NUCLEAR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 269 ditions (upper curve); ribonucleoprotein particles isolated in, or exposed to hypertonic sucrose solutions are completely inert (lower curve). This finding is in agreement with earlier experiments on intact nuclei showing that amino acid uptake proceeds best in isotonic sucrose solutions and is impaired when nuclei are exposed to either hypertonic or hypotonic conditions [44]. Leucine-l-C , , Isotonic nuclear nbosomes. Ribosomes after brief hypertonic exposure 20 40 60 Incubation time (min)
![. Cell chemistry; a collection of papers dedicated to Otto Warburg on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Warburg, Otto Heinrich, 1883-; Biochemistry. vol.. 12 (1953) SERIES ELASTIC COMPONENT IN MUSCLE 129 stretching the whole resting muscle fiber or by the contraction of the contractile elements, then its density decreases making it clearly distinguishable from that part of the A-band pro])?r which contains the contractile elements. METHOD The technique employed consisted of tying strips of psoas muscle from freshly killed rabbits to applicator sticks at the desired length. Then quickly immers Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RJBF6M/cell-chemistry-a-collection-of-papers-dedicated-to-otto-warburg-on-the-occasion-of-his-70th-birthday-warburg-otto-heinrich-1883-biochemistry-vol-12-1953-series-elastic-component-in-muscle-129-stretching-the-whole-resting-muscle-fiber-or-by-the-contraction-of-the-contractile-elements-then-its-density-decreases-making-it-clearly-distinguishable-from-that-part-of-the-a-band-pro-r-which-contains-the-contractile-elements-method-the-technique-employed-consisted-of-tying-strips-of-psoas-muscle-from-freshly-killed-rabbits-to-applicator-sticks-at-the-desired-length-then-quickly-immers-RJBF6M.jpg ". Cell chemistry; a collection of papers dedicated to Otto Warburg on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Warburg, Otto Heinrich, 1883-; Biochemistry. vol.. 12 (1953) SERIES ELASTIC COMPONENT IN MUSCLE 129 stretching the whole resting muscle fiber or by the contraction of the contractile elements, then its density decreases making it clearly distinguishable from that part of the A-band pro])?r which contains the contractile elements. METHOD The technique employed consisted of tying strips of psoas muscle from freshly killed rabbits to applicator sticks at the desired length. Then quickly immers Stock Photo")
RMRJBF6M–. Cell chemistry; a collection of papers dedicated to Otto Warburg on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Warburg, Otto Heinrich, 1883-; Biochemistry. vol.. 12 (1953) SERIES ELASTIC COMPONENT IN MUSCLE 129 stretching the whole resting muscle fiber or by the contraction of the contractile elements, then its density decreases making it clearly distinguishable from that part of the A-band pro])?r which contains the contractile elements. METHOD The technique employed consisted of tying strips of psoas muscle from freshly killed rabbits to applicator sticks at the desired length. Then quickly immers
RMRJBF72–. Cell chemistry; a collection of papers dedicated to Otto Warburg on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Warburg, Otto Heinrich, 1883-; Biochemistry. VOL. 12 (1953) HE.T OF HYDROLYSIS OF TRIMETAPHOSPHATE 125 decreased to 60 % of the value expected for a reaction of the first order: however, this discrepancy was explained quantitatively by the inactivation of the enzyme.. 60 min Fig. I. Kinetics of enzymic hydrolysis of trimetaphosphate in semilogarithmic coordinates. Ordinate, substrate concentration, abscissa, duration of hydrolysis. Calorimetric measurements By an appropriate excess of buff
RMRHKFKC–. Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHOSPHORYLATION AND THE ENERGY CONVERSION PROCESS 389 From the standpoint of cellular physiology it was interesting to contrast the role of oxygen in ATP formation in photosynthesis with that in respiration. The participation of oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation has conferred a marked superiority on respiration over fermentation, in the efficiency of converting the free energy of substrate into the energy of the pyrophosphate bonds of ATP. Was the efficiency of conversio
RMRHM1K4–. Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. 78 J. B. CHAPPELL immeasurably small endogenous respiration, preincubation with arsenate and DNP did not induce a requirement for ATP for succinate oxidation. However, when 0-5 mM malate was present during the preincubation period, the situation was exactly the same as it was with liver mitochondria, namely ATP was required before succinate was oxidized at significant rates and the addition of amytal at zero time, which of course prevented the oxidation of malate, abolished the requirement for ATP. It is a reasonable hyp
![. Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. NUCLEOTIDES AND MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION 235 oxidizing effect of ATP, which otherwise is very small. Azide at this concentration does not yet inhibit noticeably the respiration (cf. also [i6]). The reductive effect of ATP on cytochrome h and the oxidative effect of ATP on cytochromes c and a are reversed by addition of phosphate, ADP or dinitrophenol, as was found with the ATP-dependent reduction of DPX and flavoprotein.. Fig. 7. The simultaneous inhibition of respiration and oxidation of cyto- chrome a in the presence of Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RHM113/biological-structure-and-function-proceedings-biochemistry-cytology-nucleotides-and-mitochondrial-function-235-oxidizing-effect-of-atp-which-otherwise-is-very-small-azide-at-this-concentration-does-not-yet-inhibit-noticeably-the-respiration-cf-also-i6-the-reductive-effect-of-atp-on-cytochrome-h-and-the-oxidative-effect-of-atp-on-cytochromes-c-and-a-are-reversed-by-addition-of-phosphate-adp-or-dinitrophenol-as-was-found-with-the-atp-dependent-reduction-of-dpx-and-flavoprotein-fig-7-the-simultaneous-inhibition-of-respiration-and-oxidation-of-cyto-chrome-a-in-the-presence-of-RHM113.jpg ". Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. NUCLEOTIDES AND MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION 235 oxidizing effect of ATP, which otherwise is very small. Azide at this concentration does not yet inhibit noticeably the respiration (cf. also [i6]). The reductive effect of ATP on cytochrome h and the oxidative effect of ATP on cytochromes c and a are reversed by addition of phosphate, ADP or dinitrophenol, as was found with the ATP-dependent reduction of DPX and flavoprotein.. Fig. 7. The simultaneous inhibition of respiration and oxidation of cyto- chrome a in the presence of Stock Photo")
RMRHM113–. Biological structure and function; proceedings. Biochemistry; Cytology. NUCLEOTIDES AND MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION 235 oxidizing effect of ATP, which otherwise is very small. Azide at this concentration does not yet inhibit noticeably the respiration (cf. also [i6]). The reductive effect of ATP on cytochrome h and the oxidative effect of ATP on cytochromes c and a are reversed by addition of phosphate, ADP or dinitrophenol, as was found with the ATP-dependent reduction of DPX and flavoprotein.. Fig. 7. The simultaneous inhibition of respiration and oxidation of cyto- chrome a in the presence of