Filters

Bookdecade1850 Black & White Stock Photos

(7,046)See bookdecade1850 stock video clips

Page 1 of 71

Sort by

Black and white photograph showing the interior of Pier 35, with a metal roof supported by iron trusswork, and crates and sandbags stacked on either side, located in San Francisco, California, January 8, 1917. Courtesy Internet Archive. () Stock Photo

RMPGMT7W–Black and white photograph showing the interior of Pier 35, with a metal roof supported by iron trusswork, and crates and sandbags stacked on either side, located in San Francisco, California, January 8, 1917. Courtesy Internet Archive. ()

. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. ust and firm administration was about to INCIDENTS OF WESTERN TRAVEL. 191 be inaugurated, fled, carrying with, them the spoilsof their guerilla warfare. These facts explain the troubles in Kansas, showthe temper and designs of the parties, and confutefor ever all the partisan misrepresentations of the[Northern press. Their flight was confession, andconfession proved their previous hypocrisy—theirtreasonable betrayal of ,the peace of the country.If ever the secret history of this Kansas warshould be written, it will ap Stock Photo

RM2AFJYCH–. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. ust and firm administration was about to INCIDENTS OF WESTERN TRAVEL. 191 be inaugurated, fled, carrying with, them the spoilsof their guerilla warfare. These facts explain the troubles in Kansas, showthe temper and designs of the parties, and confutefor ever all the partisan misrepresentations of the[Northern press. Their flight was confession, andconfession proved their previous hypocrisy—theirtreasonable betrayal of ,the peace of the country.If ever the secret history of this Kansas warshould be written, it will ap

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL 15 Fig IS. Ctll iiom lh„ mm «t cells of the cortical layer in Sphagnum, tlie liairs in the Cactaeea^, particular layervS of the seed-coat in Gasimrina^ Salvia, many Po- lemoniacese, &c, and in many plants to the anther-celk. Paiti- cular organs composed of such :&brous cells, not unfie- quently possess a spongy, soft consistence, e g., the outer rind of the root of many tropical Oichidaceas and Aroideae, the sepals of lUecebrum vertidllatum, the pericarp of Oachrys Morisom, (7. Stock Photo

RMPFX8RG–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL 15 Fig IS. Ctll iiom lh„ mm «t cells of the cortical layer in Sphagnum, tlie liairs in the Cactaeea^, particular layervS of the seed-coat in Gasimrina^ Salvia, many Po- lemoniacese, &c, and in many plants to the anther-celk. Paiti- cular organs composed of such :&brous cells, not unfie- quently possess a spongy, soft consistence, e g., the outer rind of the root of many tropical Oichidaceas and Aroideae, the sepals of lUecebrum vertidllatum, the pericarp of Oachrys Morisom, (7.

Black and white photograph showing a man standing next to a two-story, fire station, with a barrel tile roof, and a fire engine parked in the open doorway, located between Piers 24 and 26, in San Francisco, California, USA, 1853. Courtesy Internet Archive. () Stock Photo

RMPGMT79–Black and white photograph showing a man standing next to a two-story, fire station, with a barrel tile roof, and a fire engine parked in the open doorway, located between Piers 24 and 26, in San Francisco, California, USA, 1853. Courtesy Internet Archive. ()

. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. ced to change Sunshine* for Shadydale,or some other more accessible place. Early next morning we set out to reach home,and relieve the anxiety of those who watched forour coming the last night. The light revealed thefact that we acted wisely in not braving the flood.We should have been swamped in the swollenwaters. Our team, refreshed by a nights repose,and urged by the appliances for such cases madeand provided, trotted along right merrily, and erelong our glad eyes looked upon loved faces andscenes familiar. We were Stock Photo

RM2AFK2BF–. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. ced to change Sunshine* for Shadydale,or some other more accessible place. Early next morning we set out to reach home,and relieve the anxiety of those who watched forour coming the last night. The light revealed thefact that we acted wisely in not braving the flood.We should have been swamped in the swollenwaters. Our team, refreshed by a nights repose,and urged by the appliances for such cases madeand provided, trotted along right merrily, and erelong our glad eyes looked upon loved faces andscenes familiar. We were

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. 10 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF appears to occur in the strength of the expansion in the different directions; but in the elongated cells of the bast and wood, the swelling up resulting from moistening takes place principally m the direction of the breadth, and only in a very small degree m the longitudinal direction. The cell-membrane of young cells is completely colourless and transparent; in fall-grown cells it is frequently imbued with yel- low, red, or brown colouring matters, whereby in many cases the Stock Photo

RMPFX8TT–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. 10 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF appears to occur in the strength of the expansion in the different directions; but in the elongated cells of the bast and wood, the swelling up resulting from moistening takes place principally m the direction of the breadth, and only in a very small degree m the longitudinal direction. The cell-membrane of young cells is completely colourless and transparent; in fall-grown cells it is frequently imbued with yel- low, red, or brown colouring matters, whereby in many cases the

. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. ful in the visionbefore me. The white tents, the particolored cos-tumes, red and gray predominating; the tetheredhorses, the patient oxen, half buried in grass; lifein various forms, all eager and in motion; thesoftened hum of the camp, as it came floating onthe prairie wind—all made a life-picture, to copywhich would make an artists fortune. We turnedour eyes away to look upon more quiet scenes, therolling prairies, the yellow flowers, the wavinggrass, and the silent sky. From what I heard and from all I saw, I musts Stock Photo

RM2AFK09D–. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. ful in the visionbefore me. The white tents, the particolored cos-tumes, red and gray predominating; the tetheredhorses, the patient oxen, half buried in grass; lifein various forms, all eager and in motion; thesoftened hum of the camp, as it came floating onthe prairie wind—all made a life-picture, to copywhich would make an artists fortune. We turnedour eyes away to look upon more quiet scenes, therolling prairies, the yellow flowers, the wavinggrass, and the silent sky. From what I heard and from all I saw, I musts

$. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL. 129 ' nation resembling that we observe in the spore. Bat the pollen-grain does not seem to be capable of a farther deyelopraent, under fayourable external cireumstances^ into a plant like the parent, yet Reisseck and Karsten observed that under certam circamstance&, e. ^., when pollen-grams were enclosed in hollow stems like that of the Dahlia, their inner coat was ca]}able of an abnormal development, and of conversion into lower forms of Fungi. ** The OduU. The Ovule {ovulwm, El Stock Photo$

RMPFX8GY–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL. 129 ' nation resembling that we observe in the spore. Bat the pollen-grain does not seem to be capable of a farther deyelopraent, under fayourable external cireumstances^ into a plant like the parent, yet Reisseck and Karsten observed that under certam circamstance&, e. ^., when pollen-grams were enclosed in hollow stems like that of the Dahlia, their inner coat was ca]}able of an abnormal development, and of conversion into lower forms of Fungi. ** The OduU. The Ovule {ovulwm, El

. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. ena hearty laugh; and all taking things very quietly,till a Mississippi Judge, who lay under BrotherOwen and another, began to make signs of dis-tress. The point of egress was small, and relief tothe Judge, like the good time coming, was slowin its approaches. Finally we were all out—nonebroken or bruised: the driver made his apology,we righted the wagon, resumed our seats, androde uneasily the rest of that stage. To increaseapprehension, we found out that our driver wasunacquainted with the road, and was nearly blind Stock Photo

RM2AFJXAG–. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. ena hearty laugh; and all taking things very quietly,till a Mississippi Judge, who lay under BrotherOwen and another, began to make signs of dis-tress. The point of egress was small, and relief tothe Judge, like the good time coming, was slowin its approaches. Finally we were all out—nonebroken or bruised: the driver made his apology,we righted the wagon, resumed our seats, androde uneasily the rest of that stage. To increaseapprehension, we found out that our driver wasunacquainted with the road, and was nearly blind

$. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL. 41 ters (usually red or blue) are dissolved in it; and still more rarely is the quantity of the xincoloured substances, such as gum, dissolved in it, so great as to increase in a striking manner its power of refracting light. In many, yet comparatively rare, cases, the cell-sap of particular cells becomes wholly displaced by compounds -which the cell itself prepares, e. g., etherial oils. Ohser'o. Among the organs of the higher plants, ripe seeds alone bear to be perfectly dried witho Stock Photo$

RMPFX8JD–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL. 41 ters (usually red or blue) are dissolved in it; and still more rarely is the quantity of the xincoloured substances, such as gum, dissolved in it, so great as to increase in a striking manner its power of refracting light. In many, yet comparatively rare, cases, the cell-sap of particular cells becomes wholly displaced by compounds -which the cell itself prepares, e. g., etherial oils. Ohser'o. Among the organs of the higher plants, ripe seeds alone bear to be perfectly dried witho

. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. lds of Romanism in America. Schools,convents, and priests abound. The black-robedministers of Rome move stealthily along thestreets; and I fancied that I could see an ominousshadow in advance, and yet deeper gloom rushing INCIDENTS OF WESTERN TRAVEL. 21 after them. Protestantism should be reinforcedin St. Louis. More strong, bold men are wanted,not to fight, but to pray; not to quarrel, but topreach the truth as it is in Jesus. Heaven helpMethodism to do her part in defeating the manof sin, and in diffusing through al Stock Photo

RM2AFK5EM–. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. lds of Romanism in America. Schools,convents, and priests abound. The black-robedministers of Rome move stealthily along thestreets; and I fancied that I could see an ominousshadow in advance, and yet deeper gloom rushing INCIDENTS OF WESTERN TRAVEL. 21 after them. Protestantism should be reinforcedin St. Louis. More strong, bold men are wanted,not to fight, but to pray; not to quarrel, but topreach the truth as it is in Jesus. Heaven helpMethodism to do her part in defeating the manof sin, and in diffusing through al

$. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. s^ ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF Fig 38.. ' (t CoUenchynia cells from the stem of Beta^ vulgmis In the angles of the cellb the substance of their membrane (a) IS very hygroscopic, and swells np ^elatmously m WAter. made out wlietlier or not, in certain case^, for instance in tlie albnmen of ScMzolohmm excelsum {see Scliloiden on ^^ Albumen'' in the " JS^ova act Natm Curios'' xix. p. 11, pi. xliii, ^g 55), cells and intercellular substance originate together; but nothing can be decidedly determined abou Stock Photo$

RMPFX8M1–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. s^ ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF Fig 38.. ' (t CoUenchynia cells from the stem of Beta^ vulgmis In the angles of the cellb the substance of their membrane (a) IS very hygroscopic, and swells np ^elatmously m WAter. made out wlietlier or not, in certain case^, for instance in tlie albnmen of ScMzolohmm excelsum {see Scliloiden on ^^ Albumen'' in the " JS^ova act Natm Curios'' xix. p. 11, pi. xliii, ^g 55), cells and intercellular substance originate together; but nothing can be decidedly determined abou

. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. or the new-comers were wranglingover a clairn, I will not undertake to say; but therewas a general row, fierce and formidable. I rosein my bed and commanded the peace—insistedupon law and order. But the squalling drownedmy voice, or passion defied my interference. Oneof the heroes of the fight tried to whet his clawsfor keener rapine by scratching the walls. Thiswaked George—who, (amid the noise and confu-sion he could not judge well of localities,) sup-posing the cats had invaded the bed, commenced avigorous lacking Stock Photo

RM2AFJXG4–. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. or the new-comers were wranglingover a clairn, I will not undertake to say; but therewas a general row, fierce and formidable. I rosein my bed and commanded the peace—insistedupon law and order. But the squalling drownedmy voice, or passion defied my interference. Oneof the heroes of the fight tried to whet his clawsfor keener rapine by scratching the walls. Thiswaked George—who, (amid the noise and confu-sion he could not judge well of localities,) sup-posing the cats had invaded the bed, commenced avigorous lacking

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. â S5 iaL., ., i-MwCâ 3*^-'-'^t. SSTVj^'^Jj. ^ tm W II ,M^i. ^ y ^ 4 4 â¢â *' ""N ^U ,-^. J *^ I .:-s &â f'yi J- ' "^v./ ^ i:? â A- 2 I I 4 8 / i# / .- ..."-'""'N JlO %f <K a. r%.(ovr ]. V-'-tev. â â i^ â â '^ .-|a#" i:)^ /. y.9 si"; '4 ^^ >^1?/ ^/ /.-â â "â â¢'"â --J w r * it i!c-5 P Ir. % Z4r aÂ£^. <t 2S ^^ r" I '^ t'i 41 11 26 HAdla-rd: J'okn Van Voor.^t. l.Fa-lenwst-er How.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanne Stock Photo

RMPFX8X8–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. â S5 iaL., ., i-MwCâ 3*^-'-'^t. SSTVj^'^Jj. ^ tm W II ,M^i. ^ y ^ 4 4 â¢â *' ""N ^U ,-^. J *^ I .:-s &â f'yi J- ' "^v./ ^ i:? â A- 2 I I 4 8 / i# / .- ..."-'""'N JlO %f <K a. r%.(ovr ]. V-'-tev. â â i^ â â '^ .-|a#" i:)^ /. y.9 si"; '4 ^^ >^1?/ ^/ /.-â â "â â¢'"â --J w r * it i!c-5 P Ir. % Z4r aÂ£^. <t 2S ^^ r" I '^ t'i 41 11 26 HAdla-rd: J'okn Van Voor.^t. l.Fa-lenwst-er How.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanne

. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. he family all re-tired to the kitchen, and left us to occupy the chiefroomâtheir common dwelling. The bedsâtwoof themâwere so strongly impregnated with thatodor I declined describing, that I concluded tomake a bed of my own. Brother McAlister saidhis nose was familiar with the perfume fromlong habit; and Brother Ewing, intending totransfer, determined to begin his education thatnight, and so they took the beds. Lovick and Ispread down-the buffalo-skin, and, with cushionsfor pillows, and cloaks for cover, and feet to t Stock Photo

RM2AFK3GK–. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. he family all re-tired to the kitchen, and left us to occupy the chiefroomâtheir common dwelling. The bedsâtwoof themâwere so strongly impregnated with thatodor I declined describing, that I concluded tomake a bed of my own. Brother McAlister saidhis nose was familiar with the perfume fromlong habit; and Brother Ewing, intending totransfer, determined to begin his education thatnight, and so they took the beds. Lovick and Ispread down-the buffalo-skin, and, with cushionsfor pillows, and cloaks for cover, and feet to t

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL. 49 Crystals occur sometimes singly in a cell, or in numbers ii-regu- larly scattered, combined into star-shaped groups, or laid side by side in the form of ^w ^T. a bundle. The last condition (fig. 47) is the most frequent, for there can scarcely exist a plant in which have not been found in some organs, for instance the anther, or in the bark, such bundles of very fine, needle-like four-sided crystals, terminating at each end in four-sided py- ramids (De Oandolle's " Raphides'') Stock Photo

RMPFX8J5–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL. 49 Crystals occur sometimes singly in a cell, or in numbers ii-regu- larly scattered, combined into star-shaped groups, or laid side by side in the form of ^w ^T. a bundle. The last condition (fig. 47) is the most frequent, for there can scarcely exist a plant in which have not been found in some organs, for instance the anther, or in the bark, such bundles of very fine, needle-like four-sided crystals, terminating at each end in four-sided py- ramids (De Oandolle's " Raphides'')

. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. its arrival. I wascertainly glad, for my sense of obligation wasgrowing heavier than my trunk. Cairo grows finely, and must be a place in timeto come. A fine hotel adds to its attractions. Wehad to tarry till morning, waiting for a boat. Theriver was low, and the time of running very irregu-lar, so we took the first boat that came along.Having a day or two to spare, I had resolved toaccompany Brother Owen to the Memphis Confer-ence at Jackson. We did not reach the city ofMemphis till Sunday noon, and concluded to lieo Stock Photo

RM2AFJXRR–. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. its arrival. I wascertainly glad, for my sense of obligation wasgrowing heavier than my trunk. Cairo grows finely, and must be a place in timeto come. A fine hotel adds to its attractions. Wehad to tarry till morning, waiting for a boat. Theriver was low, and the time of running very irregu-lar, so we took the first boat that came along.Having a day or two to spare, I had resolved toaccompany Brother Owen to the Memphis Confer-ence at Jackson. We did not reach the city ofMemphis till Sunday noon, and concluded to lieo

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. Stdlaic cellular tissue ftom the leaf s»tvlk of Ahi6a. V-TniJ ^.1 c-«« Partition "boundrng an air-canal m the loaf-stalk ot Bagittana sagittifoha. Fig. 10. •. -0 rf^'k k^O >pi ParenclijTiiato^i's cells fi'om the leaf of Orehts mmcula* Ohserv, Some pliytotomi&ts have distinguished a greater immber of tissues according to the forms of the cellb, applying partictdar names to. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readabi Stock Photo

RMPFX8W1–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. Stdlaic cellular tissue ftom the leaf s»tvlk of Ahi6a. V-TniJ ^.1 c-«« Partition "boundrng an air-canal m the loaf-stalk ot Bagittana sagittifoha. Fig. 10. •. -0 rf^'k k^O >pi ParenclijTiiato^i's cells fi'om the leaf of Orehts mmcula* Ohserv, Some pliytotomi&ts have distinguished a greater immber of tissues according to the forms of the cellb, applying partictdar names to. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readabi

. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. hilly, heavy road, Ihad hard work to reach the place in time; but suc-ceeded in getting there before the people dispersed.The congregation was good, and the service plea-sant—I hope profitable. Here I saw several famil-iar faces, and shook hands with some old friends.How delightful these greetings are, far from home,among strangers! But the days work is not done. Eighteen milesmore must be passed in order to reach Cross-Roads by eleven oclock to-morrow, where anotherappointment awaits me. Brother Lawrence, aLocal prea Stock Photo

RM2AFK2Y1–. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. hilly, heavy road, Ihad hard work to reach the place in time; but suc-ceeded in getting there before the people dispersed.The congregation was good, and the service plea-sant—I hope profitable. Here I saw several famil-iar faces, and shook hands with some old friends.How delightful these greetings are, far from home,among strangers! But the days work is not done. Eighteen milesmore must be passed in order to reach Cross-Roads by eleven oclock to-morrow, where anotherappointment awaits me. Brother Lawrence, aLocal prea

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL. 25 with its substance. The higher the degree in which the latter occurs, the harder the membrane becomes, as is shewn by the relation of the heart-wood to the sap-wood, and in a still greater measure in many seed-coats of a bony consistence, e, g, the peri- carp of Litfiospermum, which contains much lime, the epidermis ot Equiseturti and Calamus^ in which a great quantity of silica is deposited. However, we are without any accurate knowledge of these conditions, in spite of the countl Stock Photo

RMPFX8N1–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL. 25 with its substance. The higher the degree in which the latter occurs, the harder the membrane becomes, as is shewn by the relation of the heart-wood to the sap-wood, and in a still greater measure in many seed-coats of a bony consistence, e, g, the peri- carp of Litfiospermum, which contains much lime, the epidermis ot Equiseturti and Calamus^ in which a great quantity of silica is deposited. However, we are without any accurate knowledge of these conditions, in spite of the countl

. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. rayer, I gave out a short metre hymn.A brother who had been leading the music, raiseda common-metre tune. Thinking to relieve him, Iannounced the metre again. He tried the secondtime, and failed. Seeing that he was embarrassed,I remarked, We will omit singing, and com-menced giving out my text. When I had statedbook, chapter, and verse, another brother, appa-rently resolved upon a song, tried his voice upon atune. He missed badly. Supposing that he hadnot heard me, I said a little louder, We will omitsinging, and agai Stock Photo

RM2AFK2N0–. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. rayer, I gave out a short metre hymn.A brother who had been leading the music, raiseda common-metre tune. Thinking to relieve him, Iannounced the metre again. He tried the secondtime, and failed. Seeing that he was embarrassed,I remarked, We will omit singing, and com-menced giving out my text. When I had statedbook, chapter, and verse, another brother, appa-rently resolved upon a song, tried his voice upon atune. He missed badly. Supposing that he hadnot heard me, I said a little louder, We will omitsinging, and agai

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF a layer of considerable thickness, and in wliicli no cellular tias yet been shewn to exist. E. CONTENTS OF CELLS. In the present state of our knowledge it is an impossibility to give even a tolerably complete description of the contents of eells, since of the large number of organic compounds produced by the vegetative processes, almost all of which occur in the cells, only a very small number can be demonstrated at present in the plant itself by means of the microscope, since m Stock Photo

RMPFX8JP–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF a layer of considerable thickness, and in wliicli no cellular tias yet been shewn to exist. E. CONTENTS OF CELLS. In the present state of our knowledge it is an impossibility to give even a tolerably complete description of the contents of eells, since of the large number of organic compounds produced by the vegetative processes, almost all of which occur in the cells, only a very small number can be demonstrated at present in the plant itself by means of the microscope, since m

RM2AFK165–. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. ced to change Sunshine* for Shadydale,or some other more accessible place. Early next morning we set out to reach home,and relieve the anxiety of those who watched forour coming the last night. The light revealed thefact that we acted wisely in not braving the flood.We should have been swamped in the swollenwaters. Our team, refreshed by a nights repose,and urged by the appliances for such cases madeand provided, trotted along right merrily, and erelong our glad eyes looked upon loved faces andscenes familiar. We were

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. Pro-embryo of Funaria hyqrometrica (according' to Young pro-embryo oiPteris ser Sehimper) a,rudunent of a bud ; &, a young stem; c, first rulata according to Leszcyc-Su- development of the pro-embryo from tbe spore; d, deve- minski. lopment further advanced. relation of the antheridia to germination is altogether unknown- In germination (except in Ghara) the spore does not grow at once into a plant like the parent, but is first developed into a thallus-like, cellular structure, totally devoid of vasc Stock Photo

RMPFX8H5–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. Pro-embryo of Funaria hyqrometrica (according' to Young pro-embryo oiPteris ser Sehimper) a,rudunent of a bud ; &, a young stem; c, first rulata according to Leszcyc-Su- development of the pro-embryo from tbe spore; d, deve- minski. lopment further advanced. relation of the antheridia to germination is altogether unknown- In germination (except in Ghara) the spore does not grow at once into a plant like the parent, but is first developed into a thallus-like, cellular structure, totally devoid of vasc

RM2AFK0WA–. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. ced to change Sunshine* for Shadydale,or some other more accessible place. Early next morning we set out to reach home,and relieve the anxiety of those who watched forour coming the last night. The light revealed thefact that we acted wisely in not braving the flood.We should have been swamped in the swollenwaters. Our team, refreshed by a nights repose,and urged by the appliances for such cases madeand provided, trotted along right merrily, and erelong our glad eyes looked upon loved faces andscenes familiar. We were

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. () A^STATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF in the internal Mib&tance of organs, for instance in pith, in bark, &c., for here every cell is surrounded on all sides by other cells, and exhibits as many flattened surfaces as there are cells standing in connexion with it. Kie&er (^^Grundz, cler AQiatorroic der Pjimi- zen/' § 127) sought to demonstrate, that the form of the cell must necessarily be that of a rhombic dodccaheclrou under such circum- stances, since this form encloses the greatest space within t Stock Photo

RMPFX8WR–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. () A^STATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF in the internal Mib&tance of organs, for instance in pith, in bark, &c., for here every cell is surrounded on all sides by other cells, and exhibits as many flattened surfaces as there are cells standing in connexion with it. Kie&er (^^Grundz, cler AQiatorroic der Pjimi- zen/' § 127) sought to demonstrate, that the form of the cell must necessarily be that of a rhombic dodccaheclrou under such circum- stances, since this form encloses the greatest space within t

. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. nd hues and all the forms of wildnatural scenery. The hills of which I write sometimes aspire tothe dignity of mountains. One, called ChimneyMountain, from its peculiar shape, seems to pre-side over the prairie and to watch every passer-by.For twenty miles or more it is seemingly aboutyou; you cannot escape it; turn any way, there itis ; you feel haunted and then attracted; and whenat last some rival mound, aided by distance, hidesit from your vision, you feel as if you had looked 40 INCIDENTS OP WESTERN TRAVEL. for t Stock Photo

RM2AFK4XP–. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. nd hues and all the forms of wildnatural scenery. The hills of which I write sometimes aspire tothe dignity of mountains. One, called ChimneyMountain, from its peculiar shape, seems to pre-side over the prairie and to watch every passer-by.For twenty miles or more it is seemingly aboutyou; you cannot escape it; turn any way, there itis ; you feel haunted and then attracted; and whenat last some rival mound, aided by distance, hidesit from your vision, you feel as if you had looked 40 INCIDENTS OP WESTERN TRAVEL. for t

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. 18 ANxiTOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF. Porous cells of the leaf of Dicra- imm glauomn. come converted into porous cells. This occurs most remarkably in certain Mosses, especially in the fibrous cells of Sphagnum, the leaf-cells of Dioranwu glaucum (%.24), and OdoblepharuTn albidum, &c. (See "Anatomical researches on the Porous Cells of Sphagnum" in •my^VermischteSchriften/' 294; also Schleiden, "Beitrage/'L7l.) This phe- nomenon is very rare in the Phanero- gamia; I found it decidedly in fibro Stock Photo

RMPFX8R1–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. 18 ANxiTOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF. Porous cells of the leaf of Dicra- imm glauomn. come converted into porous cells. This occurs most remarkably in certain Mosses, especially in the fibrous cells of Sphagnum, the leaf-cells of Dioranwu glaucum (%.24), and OdoblepharuTn albidum, &c. (See "Anatomical researches on the Porous Cells of Sphagnum" in •my^VermischteSchriften/' 294; also Schleiden, "Beitrage/'L7l.) This phe- nomenon is very rare in the Phanero- gamia; I found it decidedly in fibro

. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. the prairie onour left, trusting that instinct and habit wouldincline the horses to take the road if we struck itat all. In this we judged rightly, and a mile orless brought us to the desired haven. The lightbeaming through the window upon the outerdarkness, and the soft voice which cried Comein, were very grateful, as they ended our anxie-ties, and promised rest to our weariness. At this place lived an old widow and herdaughter. They were Methodists—the house wasone of the preaching places for the circuit. So Ilet th Stock Photo

RM2AFK549–. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. the prairie onour left, trusting that instinct and habit wouldincline the horses to take the road if we struck itat all. In this we judged rightly, and a mile orless brought us to the desired haven. The lightbeaming through the window upon the outerdarkness, and the soft voice which cried Comein, were very grateful, as they ended our anxie-ties, and promised rest to our weariness. At this place lived an old widow and herdaughter. They were Methodists—the house wasone of the preaching places for the circuit. So Ilet th

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL. membranes on the outside of the primordial utricles during this process, wHch membranes form secondary layers to the parent- cell where in contact with its walls, and laminse of a partition dividing the parent-cell where in contact at the point of junction of the two secondary cells. The number and direction of their septa depend altogether on the number and position of the nuclei, since each of these becomes the centre of a secondary cell. The secondary cells accurately fill the cavi Stock Photo

RMPFX8J0–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL. membranes on the outside of the primordial utricles during this process, wHch membranes form secondary layers to the parent- cell where in contact with its walls, and laminse of a partition dividing the parent-cell where in contact at the point of junction of the two secondary cells. The number and direction of their septa depend altogether on the number and position of the nuclei, since each of these becomes the centre of a secondary cell. The secondary cells accurately fill the cavi

. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. eable,the churches in peace, the surrounding countrypleasant to the eye, and the soil amply repays INCIDENTS OF WESTERN TRAVEL. 87 cultivation. If I were a farmer, seeking a home ina new country, I should feel strongly drawn towardthis section of Arkansas. In my judgment, thisState is greatly underrated in the East. The peo-ple, I grant, need rousing up to a proper apprecia-tion of their advantages. They lack enterprise,public spirit. But there are the elements andresources of a great State. A dense and flour-ishing p Stock Photo

RM2AFK316–. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. eable,the churches in peace, the surrounding countrypleasant to the eye, and the soil amply repays INCIDENTS OF WESTERN TRAVEL. 87 cultivation. If I were a farmer, seeking a home ina new country, I should feel strongly drawn towardthis section of Arkansas. In my judgment, thisState is greatly underrated in the East. The peo-ple, I grant, need rousing up to a proper apprecia-tion of their advantages. They lack enterprise,public spirit. But there are the elements andresources of a great State. A dense and flour-ishing p

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. Cells of the albumen of Sagu<i fcedigera. Fig. 16. that tlie membrane of tlie young cell and likewise the inmost layers of full grown cells are composed of cellulose^ the intermediate and outermost layerS; on the con- p, -^ trary, of other com- pounds, which are subsequently form- ed and deposited on the outside of the cel- lulose membrane. Against this I have shewn (^^Botanisclie 2^eitunf 184:7,4:97) that the chemical researches by which their deductions are supported; were im- perfect ; that the out Stock Photo

RMPFX8T3–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. Cells of the albumen of Sagu<i fcedigera. Fig. 16. that tlie membrane of tlie young cell and likewise the inmost layers of full grown cells are composed of cellulose^ the intermediate and outermost layerS; on the con- p, -^ trary, of other com- pounds, which are subsequently form- ed and deposited on the outside of the cel- lulose membrane. Against this I have shewn (^^Botanisclie 2^eitunf 184:7,4:97) that the chemical researches by which their deductions are supported; were im- perfect ; that the out

RM2AFJYW1–. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. ful in the visionbefore me. The white tents, the particolored cos-tumes, red and gray predominating; the tetheredhorses, the patient oxen, half buried in grass; lifein various forms, all eager and in motion; thesoftened hum of the camp, as it came floating onthe prairie wind—all made a life-picture, to copywhich would make an artists fortune. We turnedour eyes away to look upon more quiet scenes, therolling prairies, the yellow flowers, the wavinggrass, and the silent sky. From what I heard and from all I saw, I musts

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. 9i> a'O.. â S5 iaL., ., i-MwCâ 3*^-'-'^t. SSTVj^'^Jj. ^ tm W II ,M^i. ^ y ^ 4 4 â¢â *' ""N ^U ,-^. J *^ I .:-s &â f'yi J- ' "^v./ ^ i:? â A- 2 I I 4 8 / i# / .- ..."-'""'N JlO %f <K a. r%.(ovr ]. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Mohl, Hugo von, 1805-1872; Henfrey, Arthur, 1819- Stock Photo

RMPFX8XH–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. 9i> a'O.. â S5 iaL., ., i-MwCâ 3*^-'-'^t. SSTVj^'^Jj. ^ tm W II ,M^i. ^ y ^ 4 4 â¢â *' ""N ^U ,-^. J *^ I .:-s &â f'yi J- ' "^v./ ^ i:? â A- 2 I I 4 8 / i# / .- ..."-'""'N JlO %f <K a. r%.(ovr ]. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Mohl, Hugo von, 1805-1872; Henfrey, Arthur, 1819-

. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. asunder; and now, between the precipitous cliffsthere rushes a crystal flood, the motive-power ofthe mills below. Fine fish abound, and may beseen in the bright waters at the depth of fifteen ortwenty feet. Finding a place of some reputationon the wayside, we took up early in the af-ternoon. The gentleman who kept the house(Major Hill) was an emigrant from Georgia, andis the only man I met in the West who rejoicedin his removal. He thought he would havedone better to have moved several years earlier.His lands were fin Stock Photo

RM2AFK35T–. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. asunder; and now, between the precipitous cliffsthere rushes a crystal flood, the motive-power ofthe mills below. Fine fish abound, and may beseen in the bright waters at the depth of fifteen ortwenty feet. Finding a place of some reputationon the wayside, we took up early in the af-ternoon. The gentleman who kept the house(Major Hill) was an emigrant from Georgia, andis the only man I met in the West who rejoicedin his removal. He thought he would havedone better to have moved several years earlier.His lands were fin

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL S5 Fig 40.. iX> Cells of the epidenni& of tiho upper face of tlae leif of Mmia car w^a a, the portion ot tlicii wallb *ic(iiniiu„ a 3 dlow colour witli lodme Fiff. 41.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Mohl, Hugo von, 1805-1872; Henfrey, Arthur, 1819-1859. London, J. Van Voorst Stock Photo

RMPFX8KG–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL S5 Fig 40.. iX> Cells of the epidenni& of tiho upper face of tlae leif of Mmia car w^a a, the portion ot tlicii wallb *ic(iiniiu„ a 3 dlow colour witli lodme Fiff. 41.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Mohl, Hugo von, 1805-1872; Henfrey, Arthur, 1819-1859. London, J. Van Voorst

. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. inis-ters of the Lord Jesus. Brother Hobbes, who had very kindly broughtus to Rusk, here surrendered his charge, andturned us over to Brother Kavanaugh, who volun-teered to take us the rest of the journey. I shallnot soon forget the kindness of these belovedbrethren. They gave more than a cup of coldwater. The Lord reward them a hundred-fold ! Brother Gillespie left us at this point, and tookthe direct road to Galveston. I had four otherappointments yet to meet, and we parted asun-der, without a quarrel, however, and Stock Photo

RM2AFK2D4–. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. inis-ters of the Lord Jesus. Brother Hobbes, who had very kindly broughtus to Rusk, here surrendered his charge, andturned us over to Brother Kavanaugh, who volun-teered to take us the rest of the journey. I shallnot soon forget the kindness of these belovedbrethren. They gave more than a cup of coldwater. The Lord reward them a hundred-fold ! Brother Gillespie left us at this point, and tookthe direct road to Galveston. I had four otherappointments yet to meet, and we parted asun-der, without a quarrel, however, and

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL Tvliea several such processes are formed, tlie cell acquires a stai'-like appearance. When in such cases the cells are arranged in one plane, as occurs in the cross-wallb of the aii-canals of many water- plants, all the rays of the star lie in one plane (figs. 8, 9); when, on the other hand, the cells are heaped together in masses, as in the pith of Jwneus efficsus, the rays project from all sides of the cell. r^r; 7.. Cells of the pith of Acanthuh mollis Far more jErequent than such r Stock Photo

RMPFX8WD–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL Tvliea several such processes are formed, tlie cell acquires a stai'-like appearance. When in such cases the cells are arranged in one plane, as occurs in the cross-wallb of the aii-canals of many water- plants, all the rays of the star lie in one plane (figs. 8, 9); when, on the other hand, the cells are heaped together in masses, as in the pith of Jwneus efficsus, the rays project from all sides of the cell. r^r; 7.. Cells of the pith of Acanthuh mollis Far more jErequent than such r

. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. essand improvement they reach a point at which wecan communicate with them in a language be- INCIDENTS OF WESTERN TRAVEL. 45 tween which, and their old ideas there is no asso-ciation. Without this the work of mental amalga-mation will never go on. The parent will perpe-tuate in his child all his transatlantic errors, politi-cal religious, social, and ecclesiastical. For long,long generations they will be as French, as Ger-man, as Swedish as the people they left in theirfatherland. The necessity to learn our language o Stock Photo

RM2AFK4K9–. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. essand improvement they reach a point at which wecan communicate with them in a language be- INCIDENTS OF WESTERN TRAVEL. 45 tween which, and their old ideas there is no asso-ciation. Without this the work of mental amalga-mation will never go on. The parent will perpe-tuate in his child all his transatlantic errors, politi-cal religious, social, and ecclesiastical. For long,long generations they will be as French, as Ger-man, as Swedish as the people they left in theirfatherland. The necessity to learn our language o

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL. 13. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Mohl, Hugo von, 1805-1872; Henfrey, Arthur, 1819-1859. London, J. Van Voorst Stock Photo

RMPFX8TA–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL. 13. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Mohl, Hugo von, 1805-1872; Henfrey, Arthur, 1819-1859. London, J. Van Voorst

RM2AFJY5R–. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. ust and firm administration was about to INCIDENTS OF WESTERN TRAVEL. 191 be inaugurated, fled, carrying with, them the spoilsof their guerilla warfare. These facts explain the troubles in Kansas, showthe temper and designs of the parties, and confutefor ever all the partisan misrepresentations of the[Northern press. Their flight was confession, andconfession proved their previous hypocrisy—theirtreasonable betrayal of ,the peace of the country.If ever the secret history of this Kansas warshould be written, it will ap

$. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. ' (t CoUenchynia cells from the stem of Beta^ vulgmis In the angles of the cellb the substance of their membrane (a) IS very hygroscopic, and swells np ^elatmously m WAter. made out wlietlier or not, in certain case^, for instance in tlie albnmen of ScMzolohmm excelsum {see Scliloiden on ^^ Albumen'' in the " JS^ova act Natm Curios'' xix. p. 11, pi. xliii, ^g 55), cells and intercellular substance originate together; but nothing can be decidedly determined about this, since we are altogether -witho Stock Photo$

RMPFX8KT–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. ' (t CoUenchynia cells from the stem of Beta^ vulgmis In the angles of the cellb the substance of their membrane (a) IS very hygroscopic, and swells np ^elatmously m WAter. made out wlietlier or not, in certain case^, for instance in tlie albnmen of ScMzolohmm excelsum {see Scliloiden on ^^ Albumen'' in the " JS^ova act Natm Curios'' xix. p. 11, pi. xliii, ^g 55), cells and intercellular substance originate together; but nothing can be decidedly determined about this, since we are altogether -witho

. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. re mul-tiplying, railroads are being located, and most ofthe inconveniences of a new country are passingaway. The sacrifices—if I may use such a word INCIDENTS OF WESTERN TRAVEL, 143 about a preacher—are trifling, after all. With theblessing of Providence, a man may do well forhimself and family by the change. I do not,however, recommend it on the score of temporaladvantage. The desire of gain when duly limitedis legitimate. Commonly, it needs no incitement.I shall not appeal to it. I exhort the brethren togo on highe Stock Photo

RM2AFK0D8–. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. re mul-tiplying, railroads are being located, and most ofthe inconveniences of a new country are passingaway. The sacrifices—if I may use such a word INCIDENTS OF WESTERN TRAVEL, 143 about a preacher—are trifling, after all. With theblessing of Providence, a man may do well forhimself and family by the change. I do not,however, recommend it on the score of temporaladvantage. The desire of gain when duly limitedis legitimate. Commonly, it needs no incitement.I shall not appeal to it. I exhort the brethren togo on highe

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. AKATOMY 8c PHYSIOLOGY OF THE VEGETABLE CELT. 9i> a'O.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Mohl, Hugo von, 1805-1872; Henfrey, Arthur, 1819-1859. London, J. Van Voorst Stock Photo

RMPFX8XP–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. AKATOMY 8c PHYSIOLOGY OF THE VEGETABLE CELT. 9i> a'O.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Mohl, Hugo von, 1805-1872; Henfrey, Arthur, 1819-1859. London, J. Van Voorst

. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. an honest, earnest effort. Ourpreachers must learn to try; and if there must bea failure, let the responsibility rest on the people,where it properly belongs. But I am digressing.On this night we did far better than anybodyexcept myself thought to be possible under thepressure of the times. One old brother went out,as he told me next day, expecting to give, asusual, fifty cents; but, said he, you made mefeel so mean about it, that I actually borrowedtwenty dollars before the meeting was over, tobring myself somewhere Stock Photo

RM2AFK3C1–. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. an honest, earnest effort. Ourpreachers must learn to try; and if there must bea failure, let the responsibility rest on the people,where it properly belongs. But I am digressing.On this night we did far better than anybodyexcept myself thought to be possible under thepressure of the times. One old brother went out,as he told me next day, expecting to give, asusual, fifty cents; but, said he, you made mefeel so mean about it, that I actually borrowedtwenty dollars before the meeting was over, tobring myself somewhere

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. Porous cells of the leaf of Dicra- imm glauomn. come converted into porous cells. This occurs most remarkably in certain Mosses, especially in the fibrous cells of Sphagnum, the leaf-cells of Dioranwu glaucum (%.24), and OdoblepharuTn albidum, &c. (See "Anatomical researches on the Porous Cells of Sphagnum" in •my^VermischteSchriften/' 294; also Schleiden, "Beitrage/'L7l.) This phe- nomenon is very rare in the Phanero- gamia; I found it decidedly in fibrous- cells, e.g., in the rind of Stock Photo

RMPFX8PR–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. Porous cells of the leaf of Dicra- imm glauomn. come converted into porous cells. This occurs most remarkably in certain Mosses, especially in the fibrous cells of Sphagnum, the leaf-cells of Dioranwu glaucum (%.24), and OdoblepharuTn albidum, &c. (See "Anatomical researches on the Porous Cells of Sphagnum" in •my^VermischteSchriften/' 294; also Schleiden, "Beitrage/'L7l.) This phe- nomenon is very rare in the Phanero- gamia; I found it decidedly in fibrous- cells, e.g., in the rind of

. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. uth of Kansas INCIDENTS OF WESTERN TRAVEL. 165 river, but in the State of Missouri. Here the vol-unteers also landed, and immediately set abouttheir preparations for marching in the morning.George and I retreated to the hotel, and, after longdelay, succeeded in obtaining a bed. The site of Kansas City is about the last placewhere a common man would have thought of lo-cating a city. Perpendicular hills—hills oval —hills ragged—long slopes—abrupt ascents, withravines and gorges, deep or yawning wide in wildconfusion—all Stock Photo

RM2AFK0AA–. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. uth of Kansas INCIDENTS OF WESTERN TRAVEL. 165 river, but in the State of Missouri. Here the vol-unteers also landed, and immediately set abouttheir preparations for marching in the morning.George and I retreated to the hotel, and, after longdelay, succeeded in obtaining a bed. The site of Kansas City is about the last placewhere a common man would have thought of lo-cating a city. Perpendicular hills—hills oval —hills ragged—long slopes—abrupt ascents, withravines and gorges, deep or yawning wide in wildconfusion—all

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. Cells of the pith of Acanthuh mollis Far more jErequent than such re- gularly branched cells, are those of a roundish form, exhibiting a shorter projection at one or more points, and so having a moder- ately irregular form ; the paren- chyma of the lower side of the leaves of most plants is com- posed of such cells (fig. 10). r,f/ 8.. Stdlaic cellular tissue ftom the leaf s»tvlk of Ahi6a. V-TniJ ^.1 c-«« Partition "boundrng an air-canal m the loaf-stalk ot Bagittana sagittifoha. Fig. 10. •. Please Stock Photo

RMPFX8W8–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. Cells of the pith of Acanthuh mollis Far more jErequent than such re- gularly branched cells, are those of a roundish form, exhibiting a shorter projection at one or more points, and so having a moder- ately irregular form ; the paren- chyma of the lower side of the leaves of most plants is com- posed of such cells (fig. 10). r,f/ 8.. Stdlaic cellular tissue ftom the leaf s»tvlk of Ahi6a. V-TniJ ^.1 c-«« Partition "boundrng an air-canal m the loaf-stalk ot Bagittana sagittifoha. Fig. 10. •. Please

RM2AFK1KK–. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. ced to change Sunshine* for Shadydale,or some other more accessible place. Early next morning we set out to reach home,and relieve the anxiety of those who watched forour coming the last night. The light revealed thefact that we acted wisely in not braving the flood.We should have been swamped in the swollenwaters. Our team, refreshed by a nights repose,and urged by the appliances for such cases madeand provided, trotted along right merrily, and erelong our glad eyes looked upon loved faces andscenes familiar. We were

$. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. 'HE VEGETABLE CELLf ^o It is scarcely yorfcli mentiomng tliat; Meyen {'^Fhysiohglep i. io) set lip the tlieory tliat not only tlie secondary layers, but also the primary membrane was composed of distinct spii'al fibres grown together. Ho was led to this opinion principally by the cells containing a very fine spiral fibre, of a Stells gathered by laini in Manilla, the structure of which he completely misapprehended, since he imagined that the fibres formed the primary membrane, while they belonged to the Stock Photo$

RMPFX8N9–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. 'HE VEGETABLE CELLf ^o It is scarcely yorfcli mentiomng tliat; Meyen {'^Fhysiohglep i. io) set lip the tlieory tliat not only tlie secondary layers, but also the primary membrane was composed of distinct spii'al fibres grown together. Ho was led to this opinion principally by the cells containing a very fine spiral fibre, of a Stells gathered by laini in Manilla, the structure of which he completely misapprehended, since he imagined that the fibres formed the primary membrane, while they belonged to the

. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. e truth is new—startling. Itis a revelation, before the light of which falsenotions vanish. With us, the truth is familiar:we know it; but we hold it in unrighteousness.Our convictions are diluted with vain reasonings,and neutralized by long resistance. To them,the claims of God and the necessities of theirnature are developed in the light of a sudden, 52 INCIDENTS OF WESTERN TRAVEL. awful demonstration, and they capitulate. Thesimplicity and tenderness of the offered terms ofreconciliation subdue their fears, and the Stock Photo

RM2AFK3HA–. Incidents of western travel [electronic resource]: in a series of letters. e truth is new—startling. Itis a revelation, before the light of which falsenotions vanish. With us, the truth is familiar:we know it; but we hold it in unrighteousness.Our convictions are diluted with vain reasonings,and neutralized by long resistance. To them,the claims of God and the necessities of theirnature are developed in the light of a sudden, 52 INCIDENTS OF WESTERN TRAVEL. awful demonstration, and they capitulate. Thesimplicity and tenderness of the offered terms ofreconciliation subdue their fears, and the

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL. 91 Fir/. 33. secondary layers are deposited in the form of a net-wurk, or of parallel cross fibres on tlie transverse or oblique partitions of the vascular utricles, while the primary membrane is regularly absorbed between these fibres, so that the open communication between the vascular utricles is not interrupted. Ohserv. 3. In the description of the structiu^e of the cells and vessels, I have mentioned the spiral and reticulated coui*se of the fibres as two distinct modifications o Stock Photo

RMPFX8NM–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL. 91 Fir/. 33. secondary layers are deposited in the form of a net-wurk, or of parallel cross fibres on tlie transverse or oblique partitions of the vascular utricles, while the primary membrane is regularly absorbed between these fibres, so that the open communication between the vascular utricles is not interrupted. Ohserv. 3. In the description of the structiu^e of the cells and vessels, I have mentioned the spiral and reticulated coui*se of the fibres as two distinct modifications o

The family dentist : including the surgical, medical, and mechanical treatment of the teeth . TH. 53 The next kind of irregularity is in thebicuspides, at the sides of the mouth; this isproduced by want of room, the bicuspidesbeing found to project either inwards or out-wards from their natural position. To remedythese cases, it is necessary to remove thedeciduous molares; and then, should notsufficient room be given, the first permanentmolar teeth also, if they be decayed ; if not,the second bicuspides: by either of whichplans sufficient space will be made for thefirst bicuspid teeth to take Stock Photo

RM2AJE68F–The family dentist : including the surgical, medical, and mechanical treatment of the teeth . TH. 53 The next kind of irregularity is in thebicuspides, at the sides of the mouth; this isproduced by want of room, the bicuspidesbeing found to project either inwards or out-wards from their natural position. To remedythese cases, it is necessary to remove thedeciduous molares; and then, should notsufficient room be given, the first permanentmolar teeth also, if they be decayed ; if not,the second bicuspides: by either of whichplans sufficient space will be made for thefirst bicuspid teeth to take

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL. 5 (fig 8) are, as a rule, distinguished from the short parenchymatous ceils, not only by their elongated, often fibrous shape, but also by the two ends being attenuated to points. In this case they are not arranged end to end in lines, but their attenuated extremities are interposed between the lateral surfaces of the cells situated above and below them; while the parenchyma cells, if, as is usual, they are arranged in lines, stand one upon another with flattened ends, their cavities Stock Photo

RMPFX8WY–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL. 5 (fig 8) are, as a rule, distinguished from the short parenchymatous ceils, not only by their elongated, often fibrous shape, but also by the two ends being attenuated to points. In this case they are not arranged end to end in lines, but their attenuated extremities are interposed between the lateral surfaces of the cells situated above and below them; while the parenchyma cells, if, as is usual, they are arranged in lines, stand one upon another with flattened ends, their cavities

. On the Organization of the Brachiopoda. ?^. Fc^, i Edwm,M, WiUiar/t^, Sc x d,H«-7icoc^, ffe^. Trmledy bv J.Fa.yire- FUi. JTam. W)ZZmm.Flde LYl. Stock Photo

RM2AGA8FX–. On the Organization of the Brachiopoda. ?^. Fc^, i Edwm,M, WiUiar/t^, Sc x d,H«-7icoc^, ffe^. Trmledy bv J.Fa.yire- FUi. JTam. W)ZZmm.Flde LYl.

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. tJ AKATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF. Fig. 3. case even a greater complication of form may arise from tlie growing out of particular places through unequal development^ when one side of a cell lies free upon the external surface of a P ^ 2 plant or in one of its internal aii^- *^* ' cavities, as is evident in many hair- structures, and in the star-shaped cells of the air-cavities of the Nym- phcem (fig. 2); but in most cases such irregular growth of individual cells is rendered impossible, simply by the mechanic Stock Photo

RMPFX8X6–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. tJ AKATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF. Fig. 3. case even a greater complication of form may arise from tlie growing out of particular places through unequal development^ when one side of a cell lies free upon the external surface of a P ^ 2 plant or in one of its internal aii^- *^* ' cavities, as is evident in many hair- structures, and in the star-shaped cells of the air-cavities of the Nym- phcem (fig. 2); but in most cases such irregular growth of individual cells is rendered impossible, simply by the mechanic

[Works] . 31600k f.. Cbapter II. DEPARTURE OF COI,TJMBUS FROM SPAIN ONTHIRD VOYAGE—DISCOVERY OF TRINIDAD. HIS [1498.] ON the 30th of May, 1498, Columbusset sail from the port of San I^ucarde Barrameda, with his squadron ofsix vessels, on his third voyage ofdiscovery. The route he proposed to take wasdifferent from that pursued in his former voy-ages. He intended to depart from the CapeVerde Islands, sailing to the southwest untilhe should come under the equinoctial line,then to steer directly westward with the favorof the trade-winds until he should arrive atland, or find himself in the longit Stock Photo

RM2ANF949–[Works] . 31600k f.. Cbapter II. DEPARTURE OF COI,TJMBUS FROM SPAIN ONTHIRD VOYAGE—DISCOVERY OF TRINIDAD. HIS [1498.] ON the 30th of May, 1498, Columbusset sail from the port of San I^ucarde Barrameda, with his squadron ofsix vessels, on his third voyage ofdiscovery. The route he proposed to take wasdifferent from that pursued in his former voy-ages. He intended to depart from the CapeVerde Islands, sailing to the southwest untilhe should come under the equinoctial line,then to steer directly westward with the favorof the trade-winds until he should arrive atland, or find himself in the longit

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL. 17 rated from each other, in the canals of the pits, by the primaiy walls, which form a very thin partition (figs. 11, 14, 15). This dependence of the structure of one cell upon that of its neighbours, becomes the more piominent the more the reticulated foimation prevails in the secondary membranes, and it disappeais in propor- tion as the spkal structure becomes more distinctly evident. Therefore where the pits are scattered irregularly they correspond accurately in form and position Stock Photo

RMPFX8R8–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL. 17 rated from each other, in the canals of the pits, by the primaiy walls, which form a very thin partition (figs. 11, 14, 15). This dependence of the structure of one cell upon that of its neighbours, becomes the more piominent the more the reticulated foimation prevails in the secondary membranes, and it disappeais in propor- tion as the spkal structure becomes more distinctly evident. Therefore where the pits are scattered irregularly they correspond accurately in form and position

Practical observations on some of the diseases of the rectum, anus, and contiguous textures : giving their nature, seat, causes, symptoms, consequences, and prevention, especially addressed to the non-medical reader . s or abrasions; by surgical operationson the rectum; by the passage of foreign bodies taken intothe stomach ; by the entanglement of faeces in the mucousfollicles, and their consequent enlargement; by the contactof venereal virus; by unusual and rapid distension of therectum ; by chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane.It is often a consequence of chronic diarrhoea or of chro Stock Photo

RM2ANDR2H–Practical observations on some of the diseases of the rectum, anus, and contiguous textures : giving their nature, seat, causes, symptoms, consequences, and prevention, especially addressed to the non-medical reader . s or abrasions; by surgical operationson the rectum; by the passage of foreign bodies taken intothe stomach ; by the entanglement of faeces in the mucousfollicles, and their consequent enlargement; by the contactof venereal virus; by unusual and rapid distension of therectum ; by chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane.It is often a consequence of chronic diarrhoea or of chro

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. 20 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF Fig. 30. 'INlll jiiiii"'' Mi iraiuiuiii'"'^' fllll jii until'""' h X" .jiiii""" longitudinal growtli, the turns of tlie spiral fibre lie close together (fig. 27); but if the organ undergoes elongation after the completion of the development of the vessel, the turns of the fibre ai^e drawn far apart (figs. 28, 29), by the stretching which the vessel sufiers; consequently, very loosely wound spii^al vessels are usually found in the poster Stock Photo

RMPFX8P8–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. 20 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF Fig. 30. 'INlll jiiiii"'' Mi iraiuiuiii'"'^' fllll jii until'""' h X" .jiiii""" longitudinal growtli, the turns of tlie spiral fibre lie close together (fig. 27); but if the organ undergoes elongation after the completion of the development of the vessel, the turns of the fibre ai^e drawn far apart (figs. 28, 29), by the stretching which the vessel sufiers; consequently, very loosely wound spii^al vessels are usually found in the poster

[Works] . Cbapter irir. DISCOVERY OF JAMAICA.[1494.] COI/UMBUS had not sailed many leaguesbefore the blue summits of a vast andlofty island, at a great distance, beganto rise like clouds above the horizon.It was two days and nights however before hereached its shores, filled with admiration, as hegradually drew near, at the beauty of its moun-tains, the majesty of its forests, the fertility ofits valleys, and the great number of villageswith which the whole face of the country wasanimated. On approaching the land at least seventycanoes, filled with savages gayly painted anddecorated with feath Stock Photo

RM2ANFMMK–[Works] . Cbapter irir. DISCOVERY OF JAMAICA.[1494.] COI/UMBUS had not sailed many leaguesbefore the blue summits of a vast andlofty island, at a great distance, beganto rise like clouds above the horizon.It was two days and nights however before hereached its shores, filled with admiration, as hegradually drew near, at the beauty of its moun-tains, the majesty of its forests, the fertility ofits valleys, and the great number of villageswith which the whole face of the country wasanimated. On approaching the land at least seventycanoes, filled with savages gayly painted anddecorated with feath

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL. 45 by Fritzsche in " Poggend, Ann." part 32; of Payen in ''Mem. sur les Develojypements des Vcgetaux^'" and of Schleiden in. his " Grundzhge!') The starch granules of different shape agree in the circumstance that they are not composed of one uni- ^'^iJ- ^^• form mass, hut of super-imposed layers of varying density, whence they derive a pretty appearance with polarized light, each granule exhibiting a coloured cross. These layers are usually much thicker on one sid Stock Photo

RMPFX8J9–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL. 45 by Fritzsche in " Poggend, Ann." part 32; of Payen in ''Mem. sur les Develojypements des Vcgetaux^'" and of Schleiden in. his " Grundzhge!') The starch granules of different shape agree in the circumstance that they are not composed of one uni- ^'^iJ- ^^• form mass, hut of super-imposed layers of varying density, whence they derive a pretty appearance with polarized light, each granule exhibiting a coloured cross. These layers are usually much thicker on one sid

[Works] . and all his retinue, re-em-barked in the canoes, returning reluctantly totheir island, and the ships continued on theircourse.* * Hitherto, in narrating the voyage of Columbusalong the coast of Cuba, I have been guided princi-pally by the manuscript history of the Curate de losPalacios. His account is the most clear and satisfac-tory as to names, dates, dnd routes, and containsmany characteristic particulars not inserted in anyother history. His sources of information were ofthe highest kind. Columbus was his guest after hisreturn to Spain in 1496, and left with him manuscripts,journ Stock Photo

RM2ANFJHY–[Works] . and all his retinue, re-em-barked in the canoes, returning reluctantly totheir island, and the ships continued on theircourse.* * Hitherto, in narrating the voyage of Columbusalong the coast of Cuba, I have been guided princi-pally by the manuscript history of the Curate de losPalacios. His account is the most clear and satisfac-tory as to names, dates, dnd routes, and containsmany characteristic particulars not inserted in anyother history. His sources of information were ofthe highest kind. Columbus was his guest after hisreturn to Spain in 1496, and left with him manuscripts,journ

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. ^9 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF Mg. 35. Intercellular passages occur mostly between parencliymatous cells; they are frequently absent from prosenchyma, or when pre- sent, are, at least, very narrow. They are closed in most places at the surface of the plant, since the parenchymatous cells which form the outermost layer of the plant are, in general, and in all parts growing under ground or in water without exception, accurately in contact at their angles ; on the other hand, on most organs ex- posed to the a Stock Photo

RMPFX8MN–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. ^9 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF Mg. 35. Intercellular passages occur mostly between parencliymatous cells; they are frequently absent from prosenchyma, or when pre- sent, are, at least, very narrow. They are closed in most places at the surface of the plant, since the parenchymatous cells which form the outermost layer of the plant are, in general, and in all parts growing under ground or in water without exception, accurately in contact at their angles ; on the other hand, on most organs ex- posed to the a

The comic English grammar [electronic resource]: a new and facetious introduction to the English tongue . ask— Because he is acquainted with all sorts of plants. CHAPTER V OF PRONOUNS. Pronouns or proxy-nouns are of three kinds; namely,the Personal, the Relative, and the Adjective Pronouns. Note.—That when we said, some few pages back, that apronoun was a word used instead of a noun, we did notmean to call such words as thingumibob, whatsiname,what-dye-call-it, and the like, pronouns. And that, although we shall proceed to treat of thepronouns in the English langurge, we shall have nothingto d Stock Photo

RM2AWTHTA–The comic English grammar [electronic resource]: a new and facetious introduction to the English tongue . ask— Because he is acquainted with all sorts of plants. CHAPTER V OF PRONOUNS. Pronouns or proxy-nouns are of three kinds; namely,the Personal, the Relative, and the Adjective Pronouns. Note.—That when we said, some few pages back, that apronoun was a word used instead of a noun, we did notmean to call such words as thingumibob, whatsiname,what-dye-call-it, and the like, pronouns. And that, although we shall proceed to treat of thepronouns in the English langurge, we shall have nothingto d

. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL. 12S structure of tlie pollen-grains. Just as the latter are developed in the anther without the co-operation of another organ, does this occur also in the spores. In certain Cryptogarnia (the Rhizocarpese and Lycopodiacese) we find the joeculiar condition, that spores of two kinds are developed simultaneously, in a wholly analogous manner in parent-cells, in capsular receptacles of two kinds, the spores larger and smaller, possessing exactly the same structure, except that one kind ar Stock Photo

RMPFX8HE–. Principles of the anatomy and physiology of the vegetable cell. Plant cells and tissues. THE VEGETABLE CELL. 12S structure of tlie pollen-grains. Just as the latter are developed in the anther without the co-operation of another organ, does this occur also in the spores. In certain Cryptogarnia (the Rhizocarpese and Lycopodiacese) we find the joeculiar condition, that spores of two kinds are developed simultaneously, in a wholly analogous manner in parent-cells, in capsular receptacles of two kinds, the spores larger and smaller, possessing exactly the same structure, except that one kind ar

[Works] . Cbapter ITirir. TROUBLES WITH THE NATIVES—AI,ONSO DE OJEDABESIEGED BY CAONABO. [1494-] THE departure of Pedro Margarita leftthe army without a head, and put anend to what little restraint or disciplineremained. There is no rabble so licen-tious as soldiery left to their own direction in adefenceless country. They now roved aboutin bands, or singly, according to their caprice,scattering themselves among the Indian vil-lages, and indulging in all kinds of excesses,either as prompted by avarice or sensuality.The natives, indignant at having their hospi-tality thus requited, refused any Stock Photo

RM2ANFGF8–[Works] . Cbapter ITirir. TROUBLES WITH THE NATIVES—AI,ONSO DE OJEDABESIEGED BY CAONABO. [1494-] THE departure of Pedro Margarita leftthe army without a head, and put anend to what little restraint or disciplineremained. There is no rabble so licen-tious as soldiery left to their own direction in adefenceless country. They now roved aboutin bands, or singly, according to their caprice,scattering themselves among the Indian vil-lages, and indulging in all kinds of excesses,either as prompted by avarice or sensuality.The natives, indignant at having their hospi-tality thus requited, refused any