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RM2AJ3836–A study of some social beetles in British Guiana and of their relations to the ant-plant Tachigalia . VOLUME III. NUMBER 3 (Tropical Research Station Contribution Number 97) A STUDY OF SOME SOCIAL BEETLES IN BRITISH GUIANA AND OF THEIR RELATIONS TO THE ANT-PLANT TACHIGALIA By William Morton Wheeler PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK, NEW YORK December 24, 1921studyofsomesocia00whee
RMPG3R45–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK. 181. COBRA-DE-CAPELLO. sula, often called Snake-Eating Cobra, is the most dangerous of all serpents, because it is the largest and the most ath- letic of the venomous species, and for its bite there is no effective antidote. It feeds only on living snakes. The fine specimen exhibited is about ten feet in length. The Cobra-de-Capello, {Naja tripudians), of which some fine specimens are shown, is the terror of India, where it kills between 18,000 and 20,000 people annually! This is the m
RM2AJ36XT–A study of some social beetles in British Guiana and of their relations to the ant-plant Tachigalia . themabout, so .that the petiole from the outside suggests the nestof one of the smaller species of Cryptocerus, with a soldier orworker ant on guard at the orifice. The female beetle begins to lay her eggs either before orafter the entrance of the coccids. They are deposited singlyalong the edges of the frass ridges and evidently at intervals ofseveral hours or even days, for dissection of the beetles showsthat only a few eggs mature at a time in the ovaries. Theyare glued to the wall of the p
RMPG3R79–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. KING VULTURE. BLACK VULTURE. The Lammergeyer or Bearded Vulture, (Gy pact us barba- 'tus), is now probably extinct in Europe, but is still found in parts of Asia. It feeds largely on lambs. A nearly cosmopolitan bird is the Golden Eagle, (Aquila chrysaetos). It is equally at home in the highlands of Scot- land and the mountains of North America, nesting on the highest cliffs. The Bateleur Eagle, of Africa, (Hclotarsus ecaudatus), has narrowly missed the distinction of being the most beautiful of all birds of pr
RM2AJ33JD–A study of some social beetles in British Guiana and of their relations to the ant-plant Tachigalia . u0) o zu ooo CD < o X o <. PLATE III. Fig. 1. Eunatisibius wheeleri Schwarz and Barber. X s. Fig-. 2. Coccidotrophns socialis Schwarz and Barber. X S. Fig-. 3. Cross section of base of very younp petiole of adult Ttnhifitil<i. showins pithstill in the cavity. Photojfraph by Prof. I. W. Bailey. Kijr. 4. Cross section of base of large petiole of Tachigalia inhabited by Psiutktmyrmadamnosa. The dark areas in the wall are nutritive parenchyma, which is notdisturbed by the ants but nourish
RMPG3RDE–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK. 73. wrought iron frames. This is considered by the Zoological Society a great improvement upon the heavy bar-work hitherto in universal use for cage fronts in lion houses. The space above the sleeping dens has been developed as a sunlit balcony, whereon the animals will be very con- spicuous, even to large crowds of visitors. Jungle-green tiling, impervious to moisture and dirt, is used as a back-ground for the animals. The Lion is an animal of perpetual interest, but like every other
![A study of some social beetles in British Guiana and of their relations to the ant-plant Tachigalia . FIG. 6. SIX SUCCESSIVE STAGES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE COCOON BY THE FULL-GROWN LARVA OF COCCIDOTROPHUS SOCIALIS. See text for explanation. 1921] Wheeler: Some Social Beetles 55 in a cavity diligently cleaning it up for occupancy. Such house-cleaning is necessary both in previously unoccupied and in pre-viously occupied petioles since in the former the particles of fibril-lar or powdery pith, which partially fill the cavity, and in thelatter the dead bodies of ants, beetles, etc. must be rem Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2AJ372W/a-study-of-some-social-beetles-in-british-guiana-and-of-their-relations-to-the-ant-plant-tachigalia-fig-6-six-successive-stages-in-the-construction-of-the-cocoon-by-the-full-grown-larva-of-coccidotrophus-socialis-see-text-for-explanation-1921-wheeler-some-social-beetles-55-in-a-cavity-diligently-cleaning-it-up-for-occupancy-such-house-cleaning-is-necessary-both-in-previously-unoccupied-and-in-pre-viously-occupied-petioles-since-in-the-former-the-particles-of-fibril-lar-or-powdery-pith-which-partially-fill-the-cavity-and-in-thelatter-the-dead-bodies-of-ants-beetles-etc-must-be-rem-2AJ372W.jpg "A study of some social beetles in British Guiana and of their relations to the ant-plant Tachigalia . FIG. 6. SIX SUCCESSIVE STAGES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE COCOON BY THE FULL-GROWN LARVA OF COCCIDOTROPHUS SOCIALIS. See text for explanation. 1921] Wheeler: Some Social Beetles 55 in a cavity diligently cleaning it up for occupancy. Such house-cleaning is necessary both in previously unoccupied and in pre-viously occupied petioles since in the former the particles of fibril-lar or powdery pith, which partially fill the cavity, and in thelatter the dead bodies of ants, beetles, etc. must be rem Stock Photo")
RM2AJ372W–A study of some social beetles in British Guiana and of their relations to the ant-plant Tachigalia . FIG. 6. SIX SUCCESSIVE STAGES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE COCOON BY THE FULL-GROWN LARVA OF COCCIDOTROPHUS SOCIALIS. See text for explanation. 1921] Wheeler: Some Social Beetles 55 in a cavity diligently cleaning it up for occupancy. Such house-cleaning is necessary both in previously unoccupied and in pre-viously occupied petioles since in the former the particles of fibril-lar or powdery pith, which partially fill the cavity, and in thelatter the dead bodies of ants, beetles, etc. must be rem
RMPG3R7E–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK. 145. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. New York Zoological Park; Hornaday, William Temple, 1854-1937; New York Zoological Society. New York, New York Zoological Society
RM2AJ36B7–A study of some social beetles in British Guiana and of their relations to the ant-plant Tachigalia . coccids, is so unusual and start-ling that it will be advisable to give a more detailed account ofthese insects and of their treatment by the beetles. The adult female Psendococcus bromelix (Fig. 9) measuresnearly 3 mm. in length and is broadly and regularly elliptical,evenly convex dorsally, flattened ventrally and of a pinkish flesh-color or pale dull red, but the body is so completely coveredwith snow-white wax as to be scarcely visible in healthy speci-mens. The wax is secreted in a thin,
RMPG3R5F–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. WHOOPING CRANE.. CROWNED CRANE. foreign species of cranes, it is the one easiest to procure, and the most satisfactory to keep in collections. It never quarrels, it is very sociable in its habits, and thrives in captivity. The Crowned Crane, (Balearica pavonina), also of Africa, is, perhaps, the most beautiful of all living cranes. It is of medium size, royally colored, and strikingly set off with a conspicuous crown of stiff, quill-like feathers that stand as «rect and regular as the aigret of an Indian prince
RM2AJ34T3–A study of some social beetles in British Guiana and of their relations to the ant-plant Tachigalia . (/) O z UJ oog <g Io <I-
RMPG3R6F–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. 1.54 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE.. JSki DUCKS FEEDING: WILD FOWL POND. soft brown and gray tones which fairly rival the more gaudy color-pattern of the wood duck. The species is yet found occasionally along the Atlantic Coast, but like all other edible birds, its numbers are rapidly diminishing. A large flock of these birds will be found on the Wild-Fowl Pond. The Gadwall, (Chaulelasmas strep era), is a handsome gray bird, well known to gunners along the Mississippi Valley, but rarely seen along the Atlantic coast.
![A study of some social beetles in British Guiana and of their relations to the ant-plant Tachigalia . FIG. 4. BRANCH OF AN ADULT (SUNi TACIUiiALlA The leaflets have been removed from two of the petioles. Photograph by John Tee-Van.. FIG. 5. BASES OF LEAF-PETIOLE OF TACHIOALIA SP. of young, shade tree; b, of large, sun tree, both nearly Y2 natural sizethe older petiole and adjacent trunk have been cut out to showinhabited by PseudLminnxi- 1921] Wheeler: Some Social Beetles 45 of the cavity and especially in the rays of nutritive parenchyma.That the very exuberant neotropical fauna comprises a c Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2AJ37A7/a-study-of-some-social-beetles-in-british-guiana-and-of-their-relations-to-the-ant-plant-tachigalia-fig-4-branch-of-an-adult-suni-taciuiialla-the-leaflets-have-been-removed-from-two-of-the-petioles-photograph-by-john-tee-van-fig-5-bases-of-leaf-petiole-of-tachioalia-sp-of-young-shade-tree-b-of-large-sun-tree-both-nearly-y2-natural-sizethe-older-petiole-and-adjacent-trunk-have-been-cut-out-to-showinhabited-by-pseudlminnxi-1921-wheeler-some-social-beetles-45-of-the-cavity-and-especially-in-the-rays-of-nutritive-parenchymathat-the-very-exuberant-neotropical-fauna-comprises-a-c-2AJ37A7.jpg "A study of some social beetles in British Guiana and of their relations to the ant-plant Tachigalia . FIG. 4. BRANCH OF AN ADULT (SUNi TACIUiiALlA The leaflets have been removed from two of the petioles. Photograph by John Tee-Van.. FIG. 5. BASES OF LEAF-PETIOLE OF TACHIOALIA SP. of young, shade tree; b, of large, sun tree, both nearly Y2 natural sizethe older petiole and adjacent trunk have been cut out to showinhabited by PseudLminnxi- 1921] Wheeler: Some Social Beetles 45 of the cavity and especially in the rays of nutritive parenchyma.That the very exuberant neotropical fauna comprises a c Stock Photo")
RM2AJ37A7–A study of some social beetles in British Guiana and of their relations to the ant-plant Tachigalia . FIG. 4. BRANCH OF AN ADULT (SUNi TACIUiiALlA The leaflets have been removed from two of the petioles. Photograph by John Tee-Van.. FIG. 5. BASES OF LEAF-PETIOLE OF TACHIOALIA SP. of young, shade tree; b, of large, sun tree, both nearly Y2 natural sizethe older petiole and adjacent trunk have been cut out to showinhabited by PseudLminnxi- 1921] Wheeler: Some Social Beetles 45 of the cavity and especially in the rays of nutritive parenchyma.That the very exuberant neotropical fauna comprises a c
RMPG3R4J–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK. GIANT TORTOISE. With a wonderfully rich Chelonian fauna on the western continent to provide for, there is little room to spare for Old World forms, and the temptation to make this col- lection strictly Occidental, is almost too great to be resisted. For the sake of brevity and clearness, only six types have been chosen for special mention. The following species taken together fairly represent the different forms of Chelonians, from the highest to the lowest: The Alligator Turtle, (Macr
RM2AJ357B–A study of some social beetles in British Guiana and of their relations to the ant-plant Tachigalia . PLATE I. YOUNG TACHIGALIA FORMICAKUM HARMS, FROM LETICIA, PERU.From a photograph taken by E. Ule and reproduced from Plate V of his article in Kartsen.ind Schencks VeKetationsbilder 1. Reihi. 1007..
RMPG3R73–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. 1. HARPY EAGLE. GRIFFON VULTURE.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. New York Zoological Park; Hornaday, William Temple, 1854-1937; New York Zoological Society. New York, New York Zoological Society
RM2AJ34D0–A study of some social beetles in British Guiana and of their relations to the ant-plant Tachigalia . (/) O z UJ oog <g Io <I-. u0) o zu ooo CD < o X o <
RMPG3RK4–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. WHITE-FRONTEn MTSK-OX.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. New York Zoological Park; Hornaday, William Temple, 1854-1937; New York Zoological Society. New York, New York Zoological Society
RM2AJ36JE–A study of some social beetles in British Guiana and of their relations to the ant-plant Tachigalia . avity of the larvje. The colony, which isnow in its second stage consists of the pair of parent beetles,about one or two dozen larvae, mostly immature and in mostcases of about the same number of young or half-grown coccids. When mature the larvae make brown cocoons and pupatein them, as will be described in detail below. These are formedsingly and the beetles emerging from them remain in the petiolewith their parents and larval brothers and sisters, mate andproduce eggs and larvae in turn, th
RMPG3RFY–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. 52 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE.. AMERICAN PRONG HORNED ANTELOPE. species to become extinct, and if we may judge by the rate at which the bands have been disappearing during the last fifteen years, ten years more will, in all probability, wit- ness the extermination of the last individuals now struggling to exist outside of rigidly protected areas. It was the inten- tion of the Society to make liberal provision for the study of the species while it is yet possible to obtain living specimens, for fifty years hence- ou
RM2AJ35J3–A study of some social beetles in British Guiana and of their relations to the ant-plant Tachigalia . iduals of all stages, running hither and thither over the wallsof the petiole, like certain species of the same genus (E. myrmeco-phila Reut. and dissimilis Mon.) and Cyphodeirus (C. albinosNicol), which are often abundant in the nests of ants. Like theants the Coccidotrophus pay no attention to these diminutive in-sects and are probably not even aware of their existence. Themites (Hypoaspis sp.) and Phorid flies (Aphiochieta scalaris)were more rarely seen. They probably breed in the accumulat
RMPG3RKE–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. « H H Q Q H J H <; h H K &. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. New York Zoological Park; Hornaday, William Temple, 1854-1937; New York Zoological Society. New York, New York Zoological Society
RM2AJ339J–A study of some social beetles in British Guiana and of their relations to the ant-plant Tachigalia . PLATE III. Fig. 1. Eunatisibius wheeleri Schwarz and Barber. X s. Fig-. 2. Coccidotrophns socialis Schwarz and Barber. X S. Fig-. 3. Cross section of base of very younp petiole of adult Ttnhifitil<i. showins pithstill in the cavity. Photojfraph by Prof. I. W. Bailey. Kijr. 4. Cross section of base of large petiole of Tachigalia inhabited by Psiutktmyrmadamnosa. The dark areas in the wall are nutritive parenchyma, which is notdisturbed by the ants but nourishes their coccids. A portion of on
RMPG3RDM–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. 74 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE.. BARBARY LION. the survival of the fittest, and both by inheritance and observation he knows that a lion who needlessly exposes himself in the field captures the smallest amount of game, and attracts the greatest number of steel-tipped bullets. Although Lions vary greatly in their color, and in the length of the mane, it is conceded by naturalists that only one species exists. In the same district and under precisely similar conditions are found short-maned and long-maned individuals,
RM2AJ3333–A study of some social beetles in British Guiana and of their relations to the ant-plant Tachigalia . PLATE IV. Cross section ol an as yet uninhabited petiolar swelling of a young TachigaUa.showing the intact nutritive parenchyma, laige pith cavity, and thin layer ofpith cells lining: it. Photograph by Prof. I. W. Bailey. Cross section of a petiolar swelling inhabited by Coccidotropkiis socialis, show-ing the gnawed nutritive parenchyma and the frass ridges. Photograph byProf. I. W. Bailey. Section similar to that of Fig. 2 but showing three Cncddofrnphuscross section. Photograph by Prof. I. W
![. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK. 27. EUROPEAN BISON: BULL. and corrals. There are other corrals, and a shelter shed, at the Buffalo Entrance. The American Bison, or Buffalo, (B. americanus), is the largest and the best known of all North American hoofed animals. What was once the universal herd, which occu- pied the whole pasture region of the West, was cut in twain in 1867, by the building of the first trans-continental rail- way. The great "southern herd," of several millions of animals, was destroyed by s Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG3RKA/popular-official-guide-to-the-new-york-zoological-park-new-york-zoological-park-new-york-zoological-park-27-european-bison-bull-and-corrals-there-are-other-corrals-and-a-shelter-shed-at-the-buffalo-entrance-the-american-bison-or-buffalo-b-americanus-is-the-largest-and-the-best-known-of-all-north-american-hoofed-animals-what-was-once-the-universal-herd-which-occu-pied-the-whole-pasture-region-of-the-west-was-cut-in-twain-in-1867-by-the-building-of-the-first-trans-continental-rail-way-the-great-quotsouthern-herdquot-of-several-millions-of-animals-was-destroyed-by-s-PG3RKA.jpg ". Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK. 27. EUROPEAN BISON: BULL. and corrals. There are other corrals, and a shelter shed, at the Buffalo Entrance. The American Bison, or Buffalo, (B. americanus), is the largest and the best known of all North American hoofed animals. What was once the universal herd, which occu- pied the whole pasture region of the West, was cut in twain in 1867, by the building of the first trans-continental rail- way. The great "southern herd," of several millions of animals, was destroyed by s Stock Photo")
RMPG3RKA–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK. 27. EUROPEAN BISON: BULL. and corrals. There are other corrals, and a shelter shed, at the Buffalo Entrance. The American Bison, or Buffalo, (B. americanus), is the largest and the best known of all North American hoofed animals. What was once the universal herd, which occu- pied the whole pasture region of the West, was cut in twain in 1867, by the building of the first trans-continental rail- way. The great "southern herd," of several millions of animals, was destroyed by s
RM2AJ37E1–A study of some social beetles in British Guiana and of their relations to the ant-plant Tachigalia . alwalls. Since the amber-colored substance which characterizesthis tissue evidently has a high nutritive value, I shall call it thenutritive parenchyma. In a few petioles in this stage I foundfrom four to six small Curculionid larvae feeding on the loo.sematerial and reducing it to a red, powdery frass. Unfortu-nately these larvae could not be reared, so that their specific iden-tity is unknown. They are not, however, necessary agents in thepreparation of the petioles for their future occupant
RMPG3RGG–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. 46 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE.. SASIN ANTELOPE. These pedicles of bone are covered with skin, quite up to the burr of the antler. The front angles of these pedicles are continued down the face to the nasal bones, and form the two sharply defined facial ridges which have given this creature one of its popular names. In India the Muntjac inhabits the jungles of the tiger, the leopard, axis deer and sloth bear, and escapes from its numerous enemies by hiding behind logs, and scurrying through the thick underbush so sw
RM2AJ37T5–A study of some social beetles in British Guiana and of their relations to the ant-plant Tachigalia . in some species, at least, are conspicuous andsweet-scented. The seeds were found only after they had germi-nated, and the trees showed no indications of flowering duringour stay in British Guiana. Our inference that they might bloomduring the winter months has not been confirmed, since up to thetime of this writing (March, 1921), Mr. Beebe has seen noflowers on any of the trees which Prof. Bailey marked for obser-vation. I trust, nevertheless, that my account of the Tachigalia-biocoenose will
RMPG3R6X–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK. 147. WILD TURKEY. but merely a brief statement of a fact which the visitor has a right to know. It was designed on our long-established principle that every captive wild creature is entitled to life, exercise and happiness. Our principle of very large cages, with many birds in each cage, is just the reverse of the views that have prevailed in the older zoological gardens, even down to the present day. To an important extent, the cage equipment of this building represents a new departur
RM2AJ35FM–A study of some social beetles in British Guiana and of their relations to the ant-plant Tachigalia . nn, E. 1896. Die Myrmekophilen und Termitophilen. C. R. 3ie Congr. Intern. Zool. Leyden (1895) 1896, pp. 411-440.Weisse, J. 1897. Biologische Mitteilungen. Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr, 1897, pp. 389-395. Wheeler, W. M. 1901. Microdon Larvae in Pseudomyrma Nests. Psyche 9, 1901, pp. 222-224, 1 fig.1918. A Study of Some Ant Larva, with a Consideration of the Origin and Meaning of the Social Habit among Insects. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 57, 1918, pp. 293-343, 12 figs. 1921. A New Case of Parabiosis an
RMPG3RDY–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK. 69. BURMESE DEER. England and northern Europe so long ago that the exact date records of the event have disappeared, and the species is now at home in very many European forests and game preserves. The deer parks in England possess many fine herds, but they sometimes exhibit one unfortunate result of long breeding in a semi-domesticated state—departure from the original type. The typical Fallow Deer is in winter very dark brown, with light brown legs and under parts, and in summer ligh
RM2AJ3607–A study of some social beetles in British Guiana and of their relations to the ant-plant Tachigalia . icit andobtain food from the coccids by stroking them with the antennae.The small beetle larvae show no preference for small coccidssince just hatched larvae are often seen on the backs of adultfemale coccids, feverishly stroking their waxen surfaces andfull grown larvae may often devote themselves to coccids smallerthan their heads. The movements of the larvas antennae, thoughsimilar to the antennal strokes of the beetles, cover a smallerportion of the coccid but the larvae reinforce the titi
RMPG3R4W–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. HORNED RATTLESNAKE. HOG-NOSED SNAKE.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. New York Zoological Park; Hornaday, William Temple, 1854-1937; New York Zoological Society. New York, New York Zoological Society
RM2AJ367C–A study of some social beetles in British Guiana and of their relations to the ant-plant Tachigalia . , of course,under the erroneous impression that the honey-dew of aphidsis a secretion of the cornicles instead of being the excrement ofthe insects and therefore extruded from the anus. Accordingto MacGillivray: • There can frequently be observed on livingspecimens a small globule of a clear fluid over the mouth of eachlabia, more frequently the caudalabise than the cephalabise, sothat they are probably also glandular in structure as suggestedby Comstock. For, as he suggested, when the specime
RMPG3RGM–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. 44 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE.. REDUNCA ANTELOPE. ishes in size and in antlers, until in Mexico it becomes a small and delicate creature, with very small and light antlers bearing only two or three small tines. The next form has so widely diverged from the original type that it is necessary to accord it rank as a full species. The Sinaloa White-Tailed Deer, (Odocoileus sinaloae), is still smaller and weaker than the preceding. Our pair of specimens shown was obtained by Mr. and Mrs. C. William Beebe, in the State o
![. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. 168 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE. â ⢠".**â - IS 8».« 'm^"*«* â L llâ ;.yli :,*ii6*i 41. ASIATIC WHITE CRANE. PARADISE CRANE. captivity. Its color is slaty-blue. It is found in the south- eastern United. States, but once was fairly common through- out the Mississippi valley. In captivity this bird often in- dulges in some very droll anticsâat times actually dancing. The adult maies are often quite pugnacious, and inclined to attack those who go near them, and all visitors are warned not to go within str Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDHW4F/popular-official-guide-to-the-new-york-zoological-park-new-york-zoological-park-168-popular-official-guide-quot-is-8-mquot-l-ll-yli-ii6i-41-asiatic-white-crane-paradise-crane-captivity-its-color-is-slaty-blue-it-is-found-in-the-south-eastern-united-states-but-once-was-fairly-common-through-out-the-mississippi-valley-in-captivity-this-bird-often-in-dulges-in-some-very-droll-anticsat-times-actually-dancing-the-adult-maies-are-often-quite-pugnacious-and-inclined-to-attack-those-who-go-near-them-and-all-visitors-are-warned-not-to-go-within-str-RDHW4F.jpg ". Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. 168 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE. â ⢠".**â - IS 8».« 'm^"*«* â L llâ ;.yli :,*ii6*i 41. ASIATIC WHITE CRANE. PARADISE CRANE. captivity. Its color is slaty-blue. It is found in the south- eastern United. States, but once was fairly common through- out the Mississippi valley. In captivity this bird often in- dulges in some very droll anticsâat times actually dancing. The adult maies are often quite pugnacious, and inclined to attack those who go near them, and all visitors are warned not to go within str Stock Photo")
RMRDHW4F–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. 168 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE. â ⢠".**â - IS 8».« 'm^"*«* â L llâ ;.yli :,*ii6*i 41. ASIATIC WHITE CRANE. PARADISE CRANE. captivity. Its color is slaty-blue. It is found in the south- eastern United. States, but once was fairly common through- out the Mississippi valley. In captivity this bird often in- dulges in some very droll anticsâat times actually dancing. The adult maies are often quite pugnacious, and inclined to attack those who go near them, and all visitors are warned not to go within str
RMPG3REE–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. 64 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE.. GRANT ZEBRA. whole, do justice to the important aud picturesque Family Equidac, which includes all the zebras, wild asses and wild horses of the world. The Prjevalsky Horses, (Equus prjevalskii).—Of all the wild equities which either now or hereafter may be seen in the Zoological Park, the strange little wild horses from western Mongolia are, and probably will remain, the most interesting, from a zoological point of view. Broadly speak- ing, they are the connecting link between the m
RMRDJ1HJ–. Popular official guide to the New York zoological park . Zoos. NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK. 145 u -. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. New York Zoological Park; Hornaday, William Temple, 1854-1937; New York Zoological Society. New York : New York zoological Society
![. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. 140 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE.. BROWN AND WHITE PELICANS. the following species in Central and South America, to their most remote haunts, sometimes even at the risk of their lives. Fashion has decreed that the egrets must go. The American Egret, {Herodias egretta).—Much to the misfortune of this species, it possesses' about fifty "aigrette" plumes which droop in graceful curves from the middle of its back far beyond the tail and wing tips. For these beau- tiful feathers this bird has been pursued by plu Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG3R7T/popular-official-guide-to-the-new-york-zoological-park-new-york-zoological-park-140-popular-official-guide-brown-and-white-pelicans-the-following-species-in-central-and-south-america-to-their-most-remote-haunts-sometimes-even-at-the-risk-of-their-lives-fashion-has-decreed-that-the-egrets-must-go-the-american-egret-herodias-egrettamuch-to-the-misfortune-of-this-species-it-possesses-about-fifty-quotaigrettequot-plumes-which-droop-in-graceful-curves-from-the-middle-of-its-back-far-beyond-the-tail-and-wing-tips-for-these-beau-tiful-feathers-this-bird-has-been-pursued-by-plu-PG3R7T.jpg ". Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. 140 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE.. BROWN AND WHITE PELICANS. the following species in Central and South America, to their most remote haunts, sometimes even at the risk of their lives. Fashion has decreed that the egrets must go. The American Egret, {Herodias egretta).—Much to the misfortune of this species, it possesses' about fifty "aigrette" plumes which droop in graceful curves from the middle of its back far beyond the tail and wing tips. For these beau- tiful feathers this bird has been pursued by plu Stock Photo")
RMPG3R7T–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. 140 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE.. BROWN AND WHITE PELICANS. the following species in Central and South America, to their most remote haunts, sometimes even at the risk of their lives. Fashion has decreed that the egrets must go. The American Egret, {Herodias egretta).—Much to the misfortune of this species, it possesses' about fifty "aigrette" plumes which droop in graceful curves from the middle of its back far beyond the tail and wing tips. For these beau- tiful feathers this bird has been pursued by plu
![. Popular official guide to the New York zoological park . Zoos. AMERICAN ELK -^dwdjKKSMB^Sflbfcf'j 'â¢'â ''â â *?â "" m * * iBjbs*" |:>k WSt$JifafflM pj 1 c'v. â â V- - -;.- ».**â¢.- EUROPEAN RED DEER.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. New York Zoological Park; Hornaday, William Temple, 1854-1937; New York Zoological Society. New York : New York zoological Society Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDJDTG/popular-official-guide-to-the-new-york-zoological-park-zoos-american-elk-dwdjkksmbsflbfcfj-quotquot-m-ibjbsquot-gtk-wstjifafflm-pj-1-cv-v-european-red-deer-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-new-york-zoological-park-hornaday-william-temple-1854-1937-new-york-zoological-society-new-york-new-york-zoological-society-RDJDTG.jpg ". Popular official guide to the New York zoological park . Zoos. AMERICAN ELK -^dwdjKKSMB^Sflbfcf'j 'â¢'â ''â â *?â "" m * * iBjbs*" |:>k WSt$JifafflM pj 1 c'v. â â V- - -;.- ».**â¢.- EUROPEAN RED DEER.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. New York Zoological Park; Hornaday, William Temple, 1854-1937; New York Zoological Society. New York : New York zoological Society Stock Photo")
RMRDJDTG–. Popular official guide to the New York zoological park . Zoos. AMERICAN ELK -^dwdjKKSMB^Sflbfcf'j 'â¢'â ''â â *?â "" m * * iBjbs*" |:>k WSt$JifafflM pj 1 c'v. â â V- - -;.- ».**â¢.- EUROPEAN RED DEER.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. New York Zoological Park; Hornaday, William Temple, 1854-1937; New York Zoological Society. New York : New York zoological Society
RMPG3RBH–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK. 93 * I. AFRICAN ELEPHANTS. which belonged Jumbo, and also the bearer of the enormous tusks presented to the Zoological Society by Mr. Charles T. Barney. Like all elephants newly arrived from Africa, they are young, and small; but if they have good health they will grow very rapidly, and about A. D. 1927 they should attain full stature,—11 feet at the shoulders for the male, or thereabouts. The different species of elephants are most easily recog- nized by their ears. Compare the enormo
RMRDJ8HP–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK. 43. SABLE ANTELOPE. cessity, can be partitioned, and formed into two. The in- terior compartments are each 10 feet wide by 10 feet deep. The building is surrounded by a series of 34 corrals, con- necting with the interior compartments, the average size of each being 75 feet long by 20 feet wide at the outer end. All the fences are of wire, and were specially designed in the Park for this installation. It is a practical impossibility to offer an enumeration of the living animals in this
RMPG3RCR–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. 84 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE.. ORANG-UTAN. lengthy periods will elapse during which it contains neither orang-utans nor chimpanzees. The Chimpanzee, (Anthropopithecus calvus), of equatorial Africa from the west coast to the central lake region, is quite as common in captivity as the orang-utan. Both structurally and mentally this animal is very much like the orang-utan, and for keenness of intellect and susceptibility to training, it is second to none of the animals lower than man. A Chimpanzee is easily recognize
RMRDJE96–. Popular official guide to the New York zoological park . Zoos. 32 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE.. MOUFLON ARCAL SHEEP northerly point of land. About twenty living specimens have been taken when very young at Franz Josef Fiord, by Swedish and Norwegian whaling parties. The Peary Arctic Club, of New York, presented to the New York Zol logical Society a young calf which was captured by Commander Peary at Fort Conger, in 1902, but it lived only a few months. The Big-Horn Mountain Sheep, (Ovis canadensis), is exhibited in the Zoological Park, whenever it may be ob- tained. The efforts that have been mad
RMPG3R8W–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. SIX-BANDED ARMADILLO. The Tamandua, (Tamandua tctradactyla), is a smaller ant-eater than the preceding species, of tree-climbing habits, with a proportionately shorter head, no long hair on its tail, and extremely large front claws. It is found in Ven- ezuela, the Guianas, Brazil, and in fact that greater portion of the region of tropical forests on this continent south of Mexico. Its tail is prehensile, or grasping, and in climbing is used almost constantly. The Sloths are the slowest, the most helpless and de
RMRDJ851–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK. 103. RED FOX. The Tasmanian Wolf, or Thylacine, (Thylacinus cyno- cephalus), is a very strange-looking and interesting creature, about the size of a pointer dog. Its color is dark yellowish brown, and it has a series of broad black stripes, or bands, running across its hind quarters and loins. The wide gape of its mouth reminds one of an iguana or a monitor. This animal, fully named above, is the largest of the car- nivorous marsupials of Australia, and the female possesses an abdomina
RMPG3R96–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. 112 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE.. TAMANDUA. The Toothless Mammals.—The Order Edentata contains some of the most odd and remarkable mammals that ever find their way into a zoological park. They are the arma- dilloes, ant-eaters and sloths. Without exception, they are delicate feeders, and difficult to keep for long periods, and for this reason the number on exhibition constantly varies between half a score and none at all! As far as it is pos- sible, the species named below will be kept on exhibition; but these rarit
RMRDJ8J5–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. 42 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE.. ELAND The small antelopes will be found in the Small-Deer House, the next building in order. THE SMALL-DEER HOUSE, No. 49. In captivity the small and delicate species of deer, an- telopes and gazelles are better cared for in enclosures that are not too large. For such creatures, freedom in a large enclosure usually means early death from accident or ex- posure. The very important building called the Small-Deer House has been erected with special reference to the wants of the interest
RMPG3R97–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK. 113. GREAT ANT-EATER. points by bony armor, and remarkably well protected from the teeth of predatory animals. The Great Ant-Eater, {Myrmecophaga jubata).—This is a very remarkable animal, and usually is to be found alive in the Small-Mammal House. Its anatomical peculiarities are apparent at a glance. Its toothless jaws are enormously elongated, and taper to a rounded point, where the mouth opens as a narrow slit, scarcely large enough to admit the large end of a lead pencil. Its fron
RMRDJDPE–. Popular official guide to the New York zoological park . Zoos. 64 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUlDt.. GRANT ZEBRA. whole, do justice to the important and picturesque Family Equidae, which includes all the zebras, wild asses and wild horses of the world. The Prjevalsky Horses, {Equus prjevalskii).—Of all the- wild equines which either now or hereafter may be seen in the Zoological Park, the strange little wild horses from western Mongolia are, and probably will remain, the most interesting, from a zoological point of view. Broadly speak- ing, they are the connecting link between the many-striped zebras,
RMPG3RHD–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. BEATRIX ANTELOPE. BLESSBOK try. It is breeding regularly here, and the offspring mature successfully. The largest Leucoryx horns on record meas- ure 39^ inches. The Beisa Antelope, (Oryx beisa), is a good representative of the group of straight-horned antelopes found in the genus Oryx. Of all the long-horned species, the two Beisas and the Gemsbok of Africa, and the Beatrix of Arabia, are the only species possessed of horns that are practically straight from base to tip. The Gemsbok is the largest and most show
RMRDHW4N–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK. 167. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. New York Zoological Park; Hornaday, William Temple, 1854-1937; New York Zoological Society. New York, New York Zoological Society
RMPG3R41–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. 186 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE.. . ' ifefc GIANT CENTIPEDE. There are so many possibilities in exhibiting living in- sects that it is difficult to select groups to feature for the summer. Our efforts were first directed toward exhibiting a series of the different insects that sing, and also a series of species injurious to the interests of the agriculturists, together with a number of the insects that prey upon the noxious species. The collection of singing insects was a marked success and will hereafter be cont
RMRDJ16T–. Popular official guide to the New York zoological park . Zoos. NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK. 177. VENEZUELAN BOA. The Broad-Nosed Crocodile, (Osteolaemus tetraspis), of Africa, is represented by two specimens. This species is characterized by the broad, bony-looking head. It is one of the smaller crocodilians attaining a maximum length of five feet. THE LIZARDS. The Tropical Lizards.—Several families of lizards are represented among the specimens occupying the Reptile House, the Tortoise room and outside runways. Among these are the Iguanas, Tegus and Monitors. Among the Iguanas are several larg
![. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. 92 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE.. INDIAN ELEPHANT. Our first Indian Elephant, a fine male named "Gunda," was caught wild in the interior of Assam, northeastern In- dia, and he arrived at the Zoological Park in May, 1904, as the gift of Col. Oliver H. Payne. He was then about seven years old. He stood 6 feet 7 inches in shoulder height, weighed 3,740 pounds, and had all the points of a "high-caste" elephant. His tusks were then 16 inches long. He is very mischievous about breaking anything in his q Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG3RBP/popular-official-guide-to-the-new-york-zoological-park-new-york-zoological-park-92-popular-official-guide-indian-elephant-our-first-indian-elephant-a-fine-male-named-quotgundaquot-was-caught-wild-in-the-interior-of-assam-northeastern-in-dia-and-he-arrived-at-the-zoological-park-in-may-1904-as-the-gift-of-col-oliver-h-payne-he-was-then-about-seven-years-old-he-stood-6-feet-7-inches-in-shoulder-height-weighed-3740-pounds-and-had-all-the-points-of-a-quothigh-castequot-elephant-his-tusks-were-then-16-inches-long-he-is-very-mischievous-about-breaking-anything-in-his-q-PG3RBP.jpg ". Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. 92 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE.. INDIAN ELEPHANT. Our first Indian Elephant, a fine male named "Gunda," was caught wild in the interior of Assam, northeastern In- dia, and he arrived at the Zoological Park in May, 1904, as the gift of Col. Oliver H. Payne. He was then about seven years old. He stood 6 feet 7 inches in shoulder height, weighed 3,740 pounds, and had all the points of a "high-caste" elephant. His tusks were then 16 inches long. He is very mischievous about breaking anything in his q Stock Photo")
RMPG3RBP–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. 92 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE.. INDIAN ELEPHANT. Our first Indian Elephant, a fine male named "Gunda," was caught wild in the interior of Assam, northeastern In- dia, and he arrived at the Zoological Park in May, 1904, as the gift of Col. Oliver H. Payne. He was then about seven years old. He stood 6 feet 7 inches in shoulder height, weighed 3,740 pounds, and had all the points of a "high-caste" elephant. His tusks were then 16 inches long. He is very mischievous about breaking anything in his q
RMRDJ858–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. 102 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE. i* **.. mw SWIFT OR KIT FOX. fair condition, its coat of thick, silvery gray fur is as smooth and even as if recently trimmed by a barber. On the western plains, Avhere it once had for companions the buffalo and prong-horn, the Swift is becoming rare. Its worst enemy is the deadly strychnine bottle of the ranch- man. This species does not thrive in the Fox Dens, and it will be found in the Burrowing Animal's Quarters, where it seems pleased to consider itself at home. In the Small-Ma
RMPG3R48–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. 180 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE. r 'v ' • ;. *>3Sr RHINOCEROS VIPER. type of the harmless snakes. It is a serpent of great vigor and activity in running, climbing, and swimming; it pos- sesses great courage, and seeks prey of many kinds in all kinds of situations. The Garter Snake, (Eutaenia sirtalis), is more frequently seen in the eastern United States than any other serpent. Although the warfare waged against it is perpetual, regard- less of the fact that it is as harmless as a fly, its numbers do not sensibl
RMRDHW62–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK. 151. SULPHUR CRESTED COCKATOO. TOCO TOUCAN. sary to quarter that species with other birds abundantly able to defend themselves against its attacks. On the northern side of the Main Hall there will be found a very interesting group of Cuban birds, another of birds of the Bahamas, a fair-sized collection of Finches, Weavers, Canaries, Trogons, and other small species of foreign lands. Here also is the rare and beautifully-plumed Greater Bird of Paradise, (Paradisea apoda). The visitor is
RMPG3RMJ–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE TO THE New York Zoological Park By WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, Sc.D. Director and General Curator ILLUSTRATED BY ELWIN R. SANBORN. WITH MAPS, PLANS AND ILLUSTRATIONS TWELFTH EDITION—JUNE I, 1913 PUBLISHED BY THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 11 WALL STREET. NEW YORK. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. New York Zool
RMRDHW79–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK. 145. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. New York Zoological Park; Hornaday, William Temple, 1854-1937; New York Zoological Society. New York, New York Zoological Society
RMPG3RH1–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. 42 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE.. ELAND The small antelopes will be found in the Small-Deer House, the next building in order. THE SMALL-DEER HOUSE, No. 49. In captivity the small and delicate species of deer, an- telopes and gazelles are better cared for in enclosures that are not too large. For such creatures, freedom in a large enclosure usually means early death from accident or ex- posure. The very important building called the Small-Deer House has been erected with special reference to the wants of the interest
RMRDJDEW–. Popular official guide to the New York zoological park . Zoos. H w o < K ft H J H. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. New York Zoological Park; Hornaday, William Temple, 1854-1937; New York Zoological Society. New York : New York zoological Society
RMPG3RB1–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. 96 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE.. PYGMY HIPPOPOTAMI. The Indian One-Horned Rhinoceros is the largest of all liv- ing rhinoceroses. A full-grown male is about 5 feet, 6 inches in shoulder height, and 10 feet 6 inches long from end of nose to root of tail. The length of the horn is not great, rarely exceeding 12 inches. The skin is very thick, and lies upon the animal in great rigid slabs which are divided by articulating areas of thinner skin. The Hippopotamus, (Hippopotamus amphibius), is more frequently seen in capt
RMRDJ1WM–. Popular official guide to the New York zoological park . Zoos. 102 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE.. SWIFT OR KIT FOX. fair condition, its coat of thick, silvery gray fur is as smooth and even as if recently trimmed by a barber. On the western plains, where it once had for companions the buffalo and prong-horn, the Swift is becoming rare. Its worst enemy is the deadly strychnine bottle of the ranch- man. This species does not thrive in the Pox Dens, and it will be found in the Burrowing Animal's Quarters, where it seems pleased to consider itself at home. In the Small-Mammal House is shown a new spec
RMPG3R54–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. HORNED RATTLESNAKE. HOG-NOSED SNAKE.. GECKO. TREE PROG.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. New York Zoological Park; Hornaday, William Temple, 1854-1937; New York Zoological Society. New York, New York Zoological Society
RMRDJDYW–. Popular official guide to the New York zoological park . Zoos. 52 POPULAR OFFICIAL GUIDE.. AMERICAN PRONG HORNED ANTELOPE. species to become extinct, and if we may judge by the rate at which the bands have been disappearing during the last fifteen years, ten years more will, in all probability, wit- ness the extermination of the last individuals now struggling to exist outside of rigidly protected areas. It was the inten- tion of the Society to make liberal provision for the study of the species while it is yet possible to obtain living specimens, for fifty years hence our graceful and zoolo
RMPG3RED–. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. New York Zoological Park. NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK. 65. PRJBVALSKT HORSES. Grevy Zebra, (Equns grcvyi).—This picturesque species was discovered in Abyssinia, when Jules Grevy was presi- dent of France, and it was named in his honor. It is of large size, covered with very narrow stripes all over its body, head and limbs, and its huge ears are of remarkable form. This species is limited to southern Abyssinia and British East Africa southward to the Tana River. Grant Zebra, (Equus burchelli granti).—Of all the zebras now seen in captivity,