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RM2AWE2T8–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts .
RM2ANH8W1–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . ine. A machine adapted to this secondsizing has been devised by Mr. J.Yero of Dewsbury, England, andimproved by Kirk, Shelmerdine, andFroygate, of Stockport, England.The improved apparatus has fourrollers driven all in the same direc-tion by gearing. The lower pair ofrollers is journaled in the station-ary frame, while the upper pair isjournaled in a swinging frame, whichcan be lifted up whenever the hat-roll is to be inserted or removed.The working surface of the rollersis formed of e
RM2ANJ137–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . strips, or strips of an desired shape of section, corresponding with theform of the grooves. Another method of cutting sheets into Strips is by the use of a large numberof parallel blades mounted on a single moving support. The form of calenders used in the manufacture of sheet gutta-percha is represented in Figs, 2232and 2288. The rolls are 6 feet -1 inches long and 22 inches in diameter, each one weighing about7,000 lbs. They are heated by steam. Gutta-percha tubes arc made by forci
RM2ANGE60–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . to pass to the hoisting machine, or to cut them to the desired size. Thisimplement varies in length from 4 to 5 feet. The first row of ice-blocks, after being sawed, are eitherpushed under or hauled out. Afterward the blocks are separated by the tools represented in Fig. 2357. Ice Tools.—A, Fig. 2357, is the ice-hook, used for storing ice in houses, towing it in the field, orhandling it on the platforms or cars. The handle varies from 4 to 16 feet in length. B is a fork split-ting-bar,
RM2AWDY6R–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . pin-gearing also furnishes two cases differing materially in appearance. If the innerwheel be the driver, the construction is as shown in Fig. 20S8, the elementary tooth P E being the in-ternal epicycloid generated by rolling the outer pitch-circle upon the inner, and the radius of the pinbeing determined as in Fig. 2085, the lettering corresponding throughout. If the annular wheeldrive, as in Fig. 2089, the face of its elementary tooth is the hypoeycloid generated by rolling thepitch-
RM2ANB090–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . MINOTS ledge:. UNITED STATES. WOLF ROCK. ENGLAND. INCH CAPE of BELL ROCK, SCOTLAND.SCALE:. SPECTACLE REEF.UNITED STATES. great storm in 1703. In 1709 Rudyerd completed another structure of wood and iron. This wasdestroyed by fire in 1755. In 1756 Smeaton undertook the construction of the present building,which is represented in Fig. 2808. He determined to use stone for the material, and the shape ofthe trunk of a large tree as his model. The stones of a course were joined by dovetailin
RM2ANC2XC–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . 2737..
RM2ANHDW4–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . 2200.. 8291. 2203.
RM2ANJ3TC–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . 74 GRINDSTONES. is very dangerous to grind on that side of the stone without using the rest as a steadying point andas a safeguard. B and C are ground with the stone running from you, I) is neutral, and F a.nd Fare ground with the stone running to you. Hence, with the stone running to you, the greater theangle of the front face of the tool (that is, the face which has the grindstone running toward it), the greater the liability 2227.. of the tool to catchin the stone and themore diffic
RM2ANGN9C–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . on inclined tracks or ways. The apron passes over and rotates the drum A, which by a pinion turnsa sear, on the opposite end of the axle of which is a wheel, which is governed or held by a brake-lever. The horse walks upon the step-boards, and so causes the apron to rotate. Power is takenoff by suitable belting. A similar arrangement for utilizing horse-power in driving a railway car is represented in Fig.
RM2ANDM3A–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . slots are provided in the carriage to receive such bolts, as shown in Fig. 2594. The head-stock andtail-stock of this lathe are bolted to the lathe-bed with four bolts each (two on each side), to prevent. them from springing. To obtain a very slow speed without the employment of many gear-wheels,the chuck-plate or face-plate is provided with internal gear-wheel teeth as shown, into which meshesa pinion driven by the back gear of the lathe. The radial slots shown upon the circumference
RM2AWDTBG–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . Fig. 2097 we suppose the laminae of which the lower wheel D is composed to be twisted uponeach other to the right, so that each one shall overlap the one below it to the same extent, those ofthe other wheel, C, will be driven round to the left. The original tooth-surfaces of the wheels werecomposed of rectilinear elements parallel to the axes; if we suppose these lamina? to be of no sensi-ble thickness, infinite in number, and uniformly twisted or rotated past each other, these rectili
RM2ANG6TC–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts .
RM2ANCWYW–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . 2669.. are therefore right- and left-hand tools. When, however, the hole is too small to admit of thosetools being used, that shown at E may be employed, its cutting edge being on its end, at F. Thetemper of all these tools should be drawn to a light-brown color. Scraping tools of this kind may LATHE-TOOLS, BORING AND DRILLING. 259 be made of any curve or sweep, or have a cutting edge made of any necessary shape to form a moulding or irregular form; but the width of the cutting edge mu
RM2ANG2AF–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . nd exceedingly smooth. This givesthe finish to the preceding operations. The most approved method of treatment, how-ever, and the one in general use in this country,consists first in softening the rubber in large tanksof boiling water. A mass weighing from 10 to 20lbs. is then thrown upon a pair of strong flutedcast-iron cylinders, between which it is masticatedinto small pieces and washed by streams of hotwater which fall upon it from a perforated horizon-tal pipe. After being passed
RM2ANE0Y3–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . is made a neat sliding fit in thetail-stock, and at one end of this spindleis provided a nut, into which the thread orscrew G (Fig. 2578) fits. This screw hasjournal-bearings in the tail-stock at E,and is provided with the collar shown onthe inside, while the face of the hand-wheelD forms a collar on the other side of thejournal. Hence, by revolving the wheel D, the spindle B is made to pass outfrom or recede into the tail-stock. Nowthe spindle B, being a sliding fit in thetail-stock,
RM2ANCA0J–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . 270S.. 2709.
RM2ANFXMG–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . does take place—often to an enor-mous extent, and always to an important degree—by which means the practical curve of expansion isusually raised to or above the hyperbolic curve, it follows that the latter practically represents allthe conditions better than the adiabatic curve; for which reason, and to secure simplicity, the hyper-bolic curve will be herein considered as the theoretical curve of expansion. For various reasons hereafter explained, it is desirable to lay down the theore
RM2AWDE1N–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . her thatthis combination has been called a modification of Ilookcs gearing. Erroneously, however; for notonly are the axes here in different planes, not only may the velocity ratio be varied without changingthe diameter of either pitch-circle, but the absolute forms of the teeth of the two wheels arc differ-ent, and must be, in order to transmit the rotation with a perfectly constant velocity ratio by theBcrew-like action, which in this case is the effective means. For instance, the wh
RM2ANDNDB–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . le is hol-low to permit the axle topass through it. There arctwo slide-rests and two tail-stocks, as shown, so thatthe two ends of the workmay be operated upon. Gap Lathe.—An exam-ple of the gap lathe is givenin Fig. 2593. By the useof the f ap in the bed, a piece of work 48 inches in diameter and 26 inches in length may be turned;and by the face-plate on the back end of the spindle, a wheel 9 feet or more in diameter can bebored. The borimr-bar is passed through the spindle, and is su
RM2ANE5NM–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . and fastened. Both are then placed in aslotted tube, Fig. 2556, and the button pressed down to the point A which is screwed down over theair-tube. By grasping the chimney-holder and reversing the screw, the wick-tube and wick areraised. Mr. Ilinrichs lias patented and adapted a new wick which is non-combustible. The mineralwick is made by combining plaster of Paris, asbestos, sugar or similar saccharine material, andmineral wool. An ordinary wick of cotton conducts the oil to the base
RM2ANHHWB–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . apidity with which a hammer may operate when working on this principle, there is nothing gained,and much lost; and as this kind of action is imperative in any hammer that has a maintained orpositive connection between its reciprocating parts and the valve, it is perhaps fair to infer thatone reason why most automatic hammers act with elastic blows is either because of a want ofknowledge as to a proper valve arrangement, or the mechanical difficulties in arranging valve-gear toproduce d
RM2ANBHHC–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . sadjusted to heights to suit varyingthicknesses of skin by means of thelever A. The hide is clamped inplace, and the table has a to-and-fromotion from left to right and backunder the roller, so that all poitionsof the hide may thus be brought un-der the action of the latter. Thespeed of the roller is 98 turns perminute. The motive power requiredfor the machine is 1 horse, and itsclaimed capacity is 50 hides or 80 to100 sides per day.TJie Hocker.—After fleshing, the hides are ready for
RM2AWD8F6–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . may by a converse operation determine the pitch of thescrew. Drawing P Kas before, Bet off PE; then draw K K and produce it to cut C I) in G, thusgiving / ff, the required pitch. Face-Geai:isc,. This form of gearing was formerly much used in wooden mill-work, but i- now seldom met within heavy machinery, bevel-gearing being used instead. The latter has the advantage that the teethare in contact along a line, thus distributing the pressure and the wear over a considerable surfaceduring
RM2ANE1M1–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . The outsideglass does not get so hot as in the latter; and if it breaks, there is still a perfect safety-lamp inside. Fig. 2573 shows the type of lamp known as the Clanny, with the protector principle added. Ais the wire-gauze ; B, the glass cylinder below it, bedding on the plate C, which is provided with anaperture Z>, screwed to receive the extinguisher-tube 4. This tube is, in turn, provided with a coarsethread to receive the burner. The reservoir is filled with a sponge 0, in c
RM2ANGAP4–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . ICE-MAKING MACHINERY 135 however, does not pass direct from the brine-refrigerator into the ether-pump, but is on its way tothe latter first caused to pass through a tubular vessel in which is contained the liquefied ether onits return journey for re-use. The vaporized ether here absorbs some of the heat contained in thisreturning liquid ether, and becomes somewhat warmer in consequence, and passing onward it finally. flows into the vacuum-pump, not at 21° as it left the brine, but war
RM2ANEG6P–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . its place, and there is but little wear upon it, the joint of the brasses may be left open to permit ofadjustment without filing off the faces; but if it is at all convenient to take out the top brass even,the brasses should be made to lock each other by the interposition between their faces of two linersor fitting-strips, as shown in Fig. 2503 at A A, which strips may be taken out and filed thinnerwhen it becomes necessary to let the brasses together to take up the wear. To ascertain
RM2ANHMX7–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . ich is connected with the treadle, and which may be pivoted at any elevation. On this the ham-mer rests in the beginning, and when the workman presses down the treadle he pulls back this latch,and at the same time through the rod D separates the rolls. The hammer then falls. The instantthe blow is delivered, the operator removes his foot from the treadle, the drop-rod then falls, andthe eccentric sleeve turning the front roll, aided by the pull of the belt, is forced against the board,
RM2AND9AC–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . A A, are in one casting. The slide is drawn to and fro by means of the screw, similar to a slide-rest. This screw contains 10 threads to the inch, and has a divided head and pointer to indicate theamount of its revolution. Upon the face of the slide is a click-wheel in one piece with the nose P,which is the exact counterpart of that on the mandrel, and carries the same chucks. It revolves * From Turning for Amateurs. 254 LATHE-CHUCKS. 2fi-IO.. upon a stout conical centre-pin firmly att
RM2AWE0CM–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . the figure, by taking the describing circle of proper diameter, to make the acting faces A B, A G ofvery nearly equal length. When this can be done, it is an advantage, as the wear of the two sur-faces will then be the same. In laying out annular gearing, when the internal wheel is large, care must be taken that the teethare not too long to clear each other ; which may require attention to the following consideration: If 10 GEARING. in Fig. 2082 we roll the pinion round within the whee
RM2ANCYE3–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . 2669.
RM2ANFT38–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . B o « **<o 3 to ascertain the average or mean effective pressure. This is usually accomplished by the generalmethod employed to measure irregular figures. Ordinarily the diagram is divided into a number ofequal parts, ten being customary and sufficient for most purposes; then the pressures from bottomto top of the diagram are measured with the scale centrally between the lines, and the sum of thedifferent measurements divided by the number of ordinates gives approximately the mean p
RM2ANE84C–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . stems of the needles. The sinkers c are at the same time depressed, one after another, by the camor slur above them, and in turn depress the yarn into loops between the needles. The latter arethen drawn slightly backward, so that the yarn may pass under their beards. The presser-bar thendescends upon and closes the beards, which then enter the old loops of the fabric, and the sinkersare raised in a body by the lifting-bar in their rear, shown in the sectional view. The needles reced-in
RM2ANBEC7–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . 286 LEATHER-WORKING TOOLS— CURRYING. Another and better form of roller is shown in Fig. 2165. This has the advantage of not rollingthe leather on a curved bed, and therefore does not tend to buckle the side.Instead of bcinp; rolled, hides are sometimes hammered.Whitening, Buffing, and Skiving Machine.—A machine of this class is represented in Fig. 2766,. and is very simple in construction. The leather is acted upon by a cylinder which contains 32knives or blades, inserted Bpirally. A B
RM2AWD9T9–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . 2138..
RM2ANJG1J–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . GLASS, MANUFACTURE OF. 47 in working and stirring the material while in a state of fusion, by means of a tool made of the samematerial as the crucible or glass-pot. He made a hollow cylinder of fire-clay of the same height asthe crucible, closed at its lower extremity and open above, with a flat ledge all round of severalcentimetres in width. Having heated this cylinder red-hot, he placed it in the melted glass; then,by means of a long bar of iron, bent to a right angle at a distance o
RM2ANARCD–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . single pin called a stump in the bolt, which passes into slots in the tumblers, and these have tobe raised to various heights in order to receive it. Chubbs lock has this form, as in Fig. 2821, whereb is the bolt, t the tumblers (six in this cut), turning on the common pin a, d six springs to pressdown the six tumblers, and n the slots into which the stump s is drawn when the tumblers are raisedto the proper height. The principle of Bramahs lock is similar, except that instead of tumbl
RM2ANFK4R–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . alve closed. Pressure in Column 1. Waste-Valveopen. Waste-Valveclosed. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 n 12 13 14 104070100100120150 63.6101.2124.8101.2143.6157.7129.1 21.330.648.368.863.675.39S.9 34.1 51.S61.268.3 0.3350.3020.3870.6750.4430.4780.766 0.273 0.3610.3830.529 69696369696969 106116130168134142166 167206203207205210199 250 235237241 32340596)7399 1329211210S99 110144152133151152144 Low Pressure. HighPressure. The manipulation of this iujector, although not as simple as that of the 1876
RM2ANEWGC–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . rolling steel rods, andone has recently been built for the Cleve-land Rolling-Mill Company (1879). Seamaiis Rounding and StraighteningMachine.—This machine, invented by J. S.Seaman of Pittsburgh (patents 155,760, Oc-tober 6, 1874, and 192,460, November 28,1876), is shown in Fig. 2469. It consistsof four collared or grooved rolls, two placedside by side (separated by a space which isadjustable), and two one above the other,directly above the line between the twoside rolls. The axes of t
RM2ANC8FF–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . gain in the above-mentioned inclination to feed itself along or into itslateral cut. When side rake is called into use, a corresponding amount of front rake must be dispensedwith, or its tendency to feed itself becomes so great that it will swing round, using the tool-post as acentre (feeding rapidly into the cut), spring in, and break from the undue pressure, particularly if thelathe or machine has any play in the slide-. So much side rake may be given to a tool that it willfeed itsel
RM2ANJJ5C–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . Another workman, who has charge of the annealing, now raises theta-£175. ble of glass upon a large fork-like instrument, and carries it to an up-right position iu the annealing-arch,Fig. 217). The tables stand thusOD their edges, upon two strong par-allel iron supports, which run thewhole length of the annealing-kiln.The glass, alter remaining in thekiln for a considerable time, duringwhich the cooling has been care-fully regulated, is withdrawn, so asto enable a workman to go insidean
RM2ANHXT1–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . 2241.
RM2ANH6KG–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . ich rests that portion of thebody which is to form the brim are spread outbetween the vibrating fingers. After 10 or 15stretches are made by the fingers, the block islowered sufficiently to turn the hat upon it, soas to bring the fingers upon that portion whichpreviously rested on the ribs, and the operationis repeated. From 30 to 40 vibrations of thefingers are usually sufficient to stretch the brimto its full extent. These machines differ considerably in construction, according as th
RM2ANHNA6–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . BSS:iJ5iiiiJ^!. portance when pening has to be performed upon finished work, because, if the marks sink deeply,proportionately more grinding or filing is required to efface them; and for this reason the force ofthe blows should be as near equal as possible. Another and a more important reason, however, isthat the effect of the pening does not penetrate deeply; and if much of the pened surface is re-moved, the effects of the pening will be also removed; for, as a rule, the immediate eff
RM2ANFDWE–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . llent character of ironcould be obtained by this means, butthe yield was unsatisfactory, the slagsshowing a variable percentage of iron,amounting rarely to less than 15 percent., but occasionally reaching 40 percent. The precipitation of the iron re-quired a most intense heat, exceedingthe welding heat of iron. The inventorthen, in 1870-71, again turned his at-tention to the rotating furnace. The difficulty in obtaining a lining ca-pable of resisting the high degree ofheat necessary fo
RM2ANJCX8–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . h which a skillful workmanwill cut off with one clip the top of a wine-glass, as he twirls it round with the rod to which it isattached held in the left hand. The edge, softened in the fire, is then smoothed and polished. Be-sides these, a wooden utensil called a battledore (6) is employed, with which the glass is flattened bybeating when necessary ; compasses and calipers and a measure stick are at hand for measuring ; anda slender rod of iron forked at one end is used to take up the
RM2ANH0D8–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . .2315.. the centre to receive a hat-block ofthe desired size and shape. Anoth-er plate is suspended by rois fromthe upper cross-piece. When thetreadle is depressed, and the slidingspindle with the brim-plate raised,the hat-brim is clamped and heldfast between the two plates. Thedriving-shaft gives a vibratory mo-tion to the side-rods, to the upperend of which a cross-head with thebanding-ring is attached. The band-ing-ring thus has a rapid vertical mo-tion. When the hat is placed on th
RM2ANBDNE–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . unt-edged knife, curved to suit the inclined rest of the beam-house,and used to scrape hides. A keen-edged knife is used in the beam-house to remove short hairs (newgrowth) from the hides. Fig. 2773 represents the curriers knife, which is double-edged, rec-tangular, about 12 in. in length and 5 in. in width, with a straight handle at one end and a cross-handle at the other, the axes of both being in the plane of the blade. The latter is a plate of steelcarefully and peculiarly tempered
RM2ANBYXR–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . laced, which hasbeen previously heated toredness. This style is littleused, as the heat producedvaries to such an extent asto render the ironing veryuneven. Ironing Machines havebeen constructed under allthree of the principles men-tioned. Experience hasproved, however, that gasis best adapted to the con-ditions required, and is lessexpensive. Fig. 2746 represents theWiles & Adams ironing ma-chine, which consists of two pairs of revolving drums and ironing rollers, supported in an iron
RM2ANC70F–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . ut from the tool-post, it shouldhave the top face beveled off, at anangle of which the cutting part is thelowest, which will thus prevent it fromjarring or chattering, and from spring-ing into the work. In grinding it, grindonly the end (rounding off the cornerslightly), so as to preserve the bendupon the end of the tool, which is placedthere to give it clearance. It will take a parallel cut equally as well as a side one, and for smallwork can be used to advantage for both purposes. La
RM2ANBH9H–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . LEATHER-WORKING MACHINERY. 283 373S.. not fastened to the floor, and may be placed between any two pits as required. The hides being at-tached together are led up from one pit over the reel and into the adjacent pit, and by turning thereel they are lifted and transferred.The facility with which packs may be v thus transferred from one vat to anoth-er commends this skeleton reel to alltanners. It is safe to estimate the per-formance of this machine with two menas equal to that of six
RM2ANJ0NC–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . achamber into which the gum alsoenters, and at the same time arerotated, so that they emerge cov-ered with a layer of gutta-percha,which is increased in thickness asdesired by repetitions of the pro-cess. Vulcanization of gutta-perchais effected in the same manner asthat of India-rubber. The opera-tion renders the material muchharder, but it is not nearly sonecessary to adapt it to variouspurposes as in the case of caout-chouc ; hence it is not often done.The impossibility of working o
RM2ANCD13–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . l must have one of its cylindrical ends taper and be used upon the taperpart of the work. All kinds of irregular work may be performed by varying the form of the cylin-drical ends of the tool-holder. In this event the shoulders o of the plates P should be made Y--shaped and of steel, and hardened. Tools specially adapted for Brans-Turning.—The hand-tools for brass work are generally distinguish-able from the fact that the top or uppermost face of the tool is made straight, that is, has
RM2ANBGMR–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . 284 LEATHER-WORKING MACHINERY. ing the hide. It is especially applicable to harness, calf, sheep, and goat leather. Another form ofapparatus for scouring, known as the Lockivood machine, is represented in Fig. 2761. This can beset at any angle with the line of shafting, and belted on either end from above or below. From 1 to3 horse-power is required to run it, according to the thickness of leather 1 icing dressed. It is almostautomatic in its movements, and is capable of a wide range o
RM2ANF7PY–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . 9 726 The iron obtained was said to be superior to that obtained from an ordinary puddling furnace, andthe waste of iron was much less. The cost prices taken from the books showed a difference in favor ofthe Pernot furnace as compared with the old system of about 40 francs per ton of 1,000 kilogrammes.The furnace has been quite extensively adopted on the continent ofEurope. (Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute., i., 1874, p. 143;i., 1876, p. 265.) Girdlow^s Oscillating Puddling Fur
RM2AWCR7G–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . the cylinder is placed in the furnace previous to being laid on the flatting-stone e ; h is the openingthrough which the workman spreads the cylinder into a flat sheet of glass ; / is the opening throughwhich the sheet of glass is removed to the table or bed //, in the compartment b. The upper side ofthe table ,7 is made of stone, similar to that employed as the flattening surface. It is fixed to aniron framework on wheels, and is kept at a proper degree of heat by remaining in the fur
RM2ANCE7K–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . ng edges, and are kept sharpened from the end abouthaff an inch back. If their cutting edges are smoothed by the application of an oilstone, they willgive a very clean and smooth polish to the work. The rest should be set at such a height that thecutting edge of the tool is slightly above the horizontal centre of the work ; and the tool should beso held that its side face stands nearly parallel with the end face of the work, the cutting edge being held slightly inclined towardthe work,
RM2ANDYRR–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . nearly as possible to the point of thrust, and never exerts any influence to throw it out of line or centre or to spring it. The centres/ and P are fitted to a conical or taper hole in the re-spective spindles. Some kinds of work cannot be turnedbetween the lathe-centres, but require to be chucked, thatis, fastened by means of bolts and nuts and plates of ironto the face-plate of the lathe, or else to a table or frameprovided especially for the pmpose. In Fig 257Y, C is theface-plate u
RM2ANE56M–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . 25C0.. which consists of a semicircle of light brass, immediately above which, and loose on the rod, is acork float A. When the reservoir is reversed for filling, the oil floats the cork, closes the valve, andso prevents an overflow of oil during the act of replacing the cistern. Schneiders modification of the cistern consists in dispensing with the ball-valve and using a slide-valve in its place. Fig. 2559 is a section of the cistern. Fig. 2560 shows the method of filling thelamp with
RM2ANHM0N–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . 2278. »A .. Fig. 2271. A board is attached to the head, as in the preceding example, and passes between fric-tion-rolls. Motion from one to the other of the latter is communicated by cog-wheels B. The teethare always engaged, and hence the revolution is constant; but in order to cause the griping of theboard, the shaft of one wheel, and consequently the roll thereon, is moved closer to the other. Theteeth of the wheels are sufficiently long to admit of this movement. -This sliding moti
RM2ANERFJ–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . a , fwrm-pf i i u-uuuc^ nrrrn. pair of engines with 50-in. cylinders and 4 ft. stroke, geared 2.88 to 1 to the rolls. Plates 10 ft. or10 ft. 6 in. wide can be rolled. The screws for adjusting the rolls are 9 in. in diameter and 1 in. 2475.
RM2ANHJNH–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . tity as to fill the latter. As the drop falls the blow forces the material into all the recesses of themould, of which the exact shape is reproduced. It is quite common to place the hot metal above 22T6. 2278.. the die and drive it down, doubling it up, so to speak. This is bad practice, as the air in the diebecomes tremendously compressed, and forces its way out, scoring the cast-steel of the latter almost HAMMERS, STEAM, DIRECT-ACTING. as sharply as if done by a file. Again, but a si
RM2AWCNG1–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . n a certain weight of glass, a, Fig. 2171, has been collected or gathered from the pots on the «idof the tube b, it is fashioned into a peculiar form, as shown in the figure, on a solid plate of cast-ironc, called a marver. Previous to the operation of marvering, the workman cools the iron pipe,which has become heated by being exposed in the melting-furnace. The marver c is placed on rollersfor the convenience of moving it from place to place as required. When the mass of glass has as-
RM2ANHR0W–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . denoted by the marks at B in the same figure (this the workman can perform by reversing thehammer, without changing his position); the result will be to curl up the plate as denoted by thedotted lines. This effect is produced by two causes, the first of which is the shape of the hammer-face, and the second is the direction in which the blows fall. Fig. 2258 represents an iron plate. 2258. D nt with one each of the blows shown in Fig. 2257 delivered upon it, at B and C. Then, the indent
RM2ANECT5–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . them, leaving burnt bricks in the rear, and advancing into and among the green bricks. In thismanner the process of burning is continued until the extreme end of the kiln is reached. 2522. :
RM2ANGXJA–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . which ad-mits the steam and also dis-charges the water, the air onlyof the radiator being dis-charged into the rooms. The Albany Steam - Trap,represented in Figs. 2318 and2319, is a mechanical devicewhich is convertibly either asteam-trap or a boiler-feeder. As a steam-trap it returns the water of condensation from theheating coils or pipes to the boiler, whether the same are above or below the water-level in thelatter. As a boiler-feeder it supplies any deficiency of water in the gene
RM2AWCRTK–Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . lves, and are easily straightened and made even. For this latter purpose, a rod of iron, fur-nished at the end with a wooden polisher,Fig. 2167, is employed, and this is dippedinto water each time it is used. When allthe curvatures and lumps have been reduced,the sheet is pushed backward into the an-nealing-oven, where it cools down and isplaced in an upright leaning position. Be-tween every 80 or 40 sheets an iron rod s sis inserted, and the operation is continueduntil the whole furna