RM2JEJHM2–Islamic tomb at Savina Square (Rabat, Gozo Island, Malta). Tomb dating back to the period of Arab presence in the Maltese Islands (870-1249 AD). It was covered by a slab bearing an Arabic inscription with kufic characters. Its prismatic shape belongs to the type called 'mqabriyyah' which is believed to have originated in the Maghreb. It would belong to a Muslim cemetery outside the walls of the medieval village of Gozo. Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JEJHKE–Majmuna Tombstone. Marble slab from a 12th-century tomb. It was the grave of a girl called Majmuna, who died on 21 March 1174. Inscription in Arabic kufic script. On the back there are fragments of sculpted decoration from the Roman period, indicating that the slab may have been reused in the 12th century for carving the funerary inscription that appears on the front. It is believed that the slab was found at Ta' Majmuna, between Ta' Sannat and Xewkija (island of Gozo, Malta). Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JEJHNJ–Islamic tomb at Savina Square (Rabat, Gozo Island, Malta). Tomb dating back to the period of Arab presence in the Maltese Islands (870-1249 AD). It was covered by a slab bearing an Arabic inscription with kufic characters. Its prismatic shape belongs to the type called 'mqabriyyah' which is believed to have originated in the Maghreb. It would belong to a Muslim cemetery outside the walls of the medieval village of Gozo. Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JEJHXE–Late Roman Period. North African cylindrical amphorae (used between 3rd to 6th century AD). Found in 1961 from the site of a 5th century AD shipwreck at the mouth of Xlendi Bay (island of Gozo, Malta). Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JEJHX5–Late medieval relief. Limestone. It represents two saints, possibly Saint Peter and Saint Paul. Enjoying devotion among fishermen and sailors, it is an example of local craftsmanship from the late 13th or early 14th century, probably under Sicilian influence. The relief is thought to have been found in 1908 in Xlendi (Island of Gozo, Malta), where it may have formed part of a church or chapel that no longer exists. Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JEJHYP–Late Roman Period. North African cylindrical amphorae (used between 3rd to 6th century AD) and two from the Maltese Islands, with low handles on shoulders and rounded bases. Found in 1961 from the site of a 5th century AD shipwreck at the mouth of Xlendi Bay (island of Gozo, Malta). Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JEJHY4–Figure, probably a human representation, originally carved in rock in an artificial cave at Ras il-Wardija. Punic-Roman sanctuary in the environs of Ta' Kercem. It probably dates from the medieval period, when the cave may have served as a hermitage. Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JEJHY1–Detail of a medieval tombstone belonging to one of the ancient tombs of a cemetery, which no longer exists, located near the church of St Augustine at Rabat (Victoria) on the island of Gozo, Malta. According to tradition, the tombstones marked the graves of illustrious personages, civil and ecclesiastic, who accompanied King Louis IX of France in his crusade against Tunis in 1270. The returning French ships were scattered by a storm. Some of their crews also died of disease. Several ships arrived in the port of Gozo, where the dead were buried. Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria
RM2JEJHYB–Medieval tombstone belonging to one of the ancient tombs of a cemetery, which no longer exists, located near the church of St Augustine at Rabat (Victoria) on the island of Gozo, Malta. According to tradition, the tombstones marked the graves of illustrious personages who accompanied King Louis IX of France in his crusade against Tunis in 1270. The returning French ships were scattered by a storm. Some of their crews also died of disease. Several ships arrived in the port of Gozo, where the dead were buried. Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JEJHXG–Late Roman Period. Four North African cylindrical amphorae (used between 3rd to 6th century AD) and two from the Maltese Islands, with low handles on shoulders and rounded bases. Found in 1961 from the site of a 5th century AD shipwreck at the mouth of Xlendi Bay (island of Gozo, Malta). Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JEJHXD–Medieval tombstone belonging to one of the ancient tombs of a cemetery, which no longer exists, located near the church of St Augustine at Rabat (Victoria) on the island of Gozo, Malta. According to tradition, the tombstones marked the graves of illustrious personages who accompanied King Louis IX of France in his crusade against Tunis in 1270. The returning French ships were scattered by a storm. Some of their crews also died of disease. Several ships arrived in the port of Gozo, where the dead were buried. Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JEJHYN–Detail of a medieval tombstone belonging to one of the ancient tombs of a cemetery, which no longer exists, located near the church of St Augustine at Rabat (Victoria) on the island of Gozo, Malta. According to tradition, the tombstones marked the graves of illustrious personages who accompanied King Louis IX of France in his crusade against Tunis in 1270. The returning French ships were scattered by a storm. Some of their crews also died of disease. Several ships arrived in the port of Gozo, where the dead were buried. Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JEJHYR–Late medieval relief. Limestone. It represents two saints, possibly Saint Peter and Saint Paul. Enjoying devotion among fishermen and sailors, it is an example of local craftsmanship from the late 13th or early 14th century, probably under Sicilian influence. The relief is thought to have been found in 1908 in Xlendi (Island of Gozo, Malta), where it may have formed part of a church or chapel that no longer exists. Detail. Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JECMJ3–Roman anchor. Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JECMM3–Early Roman Period. Italic amphorae used for the transportation of wine (vinariae) between the 2nd and the 1st century BC. Found in 1961 at the site of a shipwreck during the 2nd century BC, at the mouth of Xlendi bay, Gozo Island. Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JECM85–Object of daily use. Cup (3150-2500 BC). From Ggantija Megalithic Temples. Xaghra, Gozo Island, Malta. Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JECMJJ–Medieval amphora of unknown provenance. Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JECMKG–Ceramic containers and a fragment of handle (1500-700 BC). Nuffara Hill (Gozo Island, Malta). Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JECMJY–Female stone bust. It was apparently discovered at Ggantija temples, Gozo island. Malta. Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JECM89–Clay vessel. Deep pot (3150-2500 BC). Xaghra Stone Circle. Neolithic. Xaghra, Gozo Island, Malta. Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JECMK8–Medieval amphora of unknown provenance. Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JECMKE–Early Roman Period. Italic amphorae used for the transportation of wine (vinariae) between the 2nd and the 1st century BC. Found in 1961 at the site of a shipwreck during the 2nd century BC, at the mouth of Xlendi bay, Gozo Island. Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JECMN1–Funerary remains of a prehistoric tomb found at Xaghara (Gozo, Malta) in 1926. Human bones daubed with red ochre (4100-2500 BC). Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JECMK7–Anchor-shaped utensils probably related with textile manufacture (1500-700 BC). Nuffara Hill, Gozo Island, Malta. Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JECMCP–Female stone bust. It was apparently discovered at Ggantija temples, Gozo island. Malta. Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JECMAC–Utensil made of stone in the shape of a shell. Possibly used as a ladle. Xaghra Stone Circle. Neolithic. Xaghra, Gozo Island, Malta. Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JECMJE–Stone fragment. Found at the western end of the terrace wall in front of Ggantija Megalithic Temples. Xaghra, Gozo Island, Malta. Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JECMJT–Commemorative inscription in Latin and Italian in memory of the soldier Bernardo De Opuo, who in 1551, during one such major Turkish incursion, when all seemed lost, preferred to kill his wife and two daughters rather than see them dragged into slavery like almost all of the island's inhabitants. After that he died fighting the enemy. Translation: '1579. Fortune favours the brave soldier Benardo De Opuo, from Villa Mirados soldier in Gozo'. This slab was placed to the facade of the house of Bernardo de Opuo, inside the Citadel of Victoria (Rabat). Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victo
RM2JECMK5–Late Medieval pottery. Possibly found at Ta' Ghammieza, boundaries of Rabat (Victoria), Island of Gozo, Malta). Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JECMKF–Roman anchors. From Gozitan waters. Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JECM6E–Globigerina Limestone. Stone trough. Unknown provenance. Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JECMJB–Late Medieval pottery. Possibly found at Ta' Ghammieza, boundaries of Rabat (Victoria), Island of Gozo, Malta). Gozo Museum of Archaeology. Cittadela of Victoria in Gozo. Malta.
RM2JCT1FW–Europe. High Middle Ages. 8th-9th centuries. Carolingian empire. Princess and Emperor Charlemagne. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume IV. Published in Barcelona, 1881.
RM2JCT1GM–France. Customs of the French bourgeoisie in the 16th century. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume VII. Published in Barcelona, 1886.
RM2JCT1FT–Theodora (ca. 815-867). Empress of Byzantium (830-842) by marriage to Emperor Theophilus. Regent from 842 to 856. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume V. Published in Barcelona, 1884.
RM2JCT1FR–History of France (year 900). Noblewoman and king. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume IV. Published in Barcelona, 1881.
RM2JCT1GP–Italian War of 1521-1526. Surrender and imprisonment of Francis I of France (1494-1527) at the Battle of Pavia (February 24, 1525), in which he was defeated by Emperor Charles V. Illustration by J. Llopart. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume VII. Published in Barcelona, 1886.
RM2JCT1GC–Izba. Traditional Russian peasant dwelling, built of wood. Interior of an izba. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume VII. Published in Barcelona, 1886.
RM2JCT1GN–Saint Joan of Arc (1412-1431), so-called the Maid of Orleans. French heroine. Beatified in 1909 and canonized in 1920. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume VI. Published in Barcelona, 1885.
RM2JCT1G7–From left to right: Florentines, page, noblemen and Venetian noblemen. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume VI. Published in Barcelona, 1885.
RM2JCT1GD–Charles V (1500-1558). Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria (1519-1556), king of Spain (1516-1556) and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy (1506-1555). Portrait. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume VII. Published in Barcelona, 1886.
RM2JCT1G0–From left to right: Venetian nobleman, podesta, young Italians, page and young Italian. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume VI. Published in Barcelona, 1885.
RM2JCT1G8–Great Britain (500-1000). Anglo-Saxons. From left to right: Military leader and king in 966. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume IV. Published in Barcelona, 1881.
RM2JCT1G3–From left to right, 1: Venetian, 2 and 3: Florentines, 4, 12 and 14: Pages, 5 and 6: Nobles, 7 and 8: Venetian noblemen, 9: Podesta, 10, 11 and 13: Young Italians. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume VI. Published in Barcelona, 1885.
RM2JCT1G5–Godfrey of Bouillon (1060-1100). Military leader during the First Crusade. First ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem (1099-1100), choosing for his mandate the title of 'Defender of the Holy Sepulchre'. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume V. Published in Barcelona, 1884.
RM2JCT1GG–Europe. Carolingian empire. 8th century. Emperor Charlemagne visiting the schools. Chromolithography, detail. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume IV. Published in Barcelona, 1881.
RM2JCT1G4–From left to right: Florentines, page, noblemen and Venetian noblemen. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume VI. Published in Barcelona, 1885.
RM2JCT1FX–Henry IV (1050-1106). German king (1056-1105). Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. Humiliation of Canossa (January 1077). Pope Gregory VII ordered Henry IV to present before him wearing the clothes of a penitent and barefoot, handing the crown to him, acknowledging that he was unworthy to wear it. After three days in the open, the Pope received him and absolved him, on condition that he would appear before the assembly of German princes, submitting any decision to the Pope's approval, and that he would not possess the authority and privileges of royal dignity. Penance of Henry IV. Chromolithogra
RM2JCT1FP–France (year 900). Bishop and noblewoman. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume IV. Published in Barcelona, 1881.
RM2JCT1GB–Girolamo Savonarola (1452-1498). Italian Dominican friar and preacher. Organiser of the Bonfire of the Vanities. Excommunicated and executed by the Tribunal of the Holy Inquisition. Degradation of Savonarola. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume VII. Published in Barcelona, 1886.
RM2JCT1G6–Europe. Carolingian empire. 8th century. Emperor Charlemagne visiting the schools. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume IV. Published in Barcelona, 1881.
RM2JCT1GF–Louis XII (1462-1515). King of France (1498-1515). Louis XII of France at the Battle of Agnadello (14 May 1509). French troops defeated the army of the Republic of Venice. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume VII. Published in Barcelona, 1886.
RM2JCT1GE–Izba. Traditional Russian peasant dwelling, built of wood. Interior of an izba. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume VII. Published in Barcelona, 1886.
RM2JCT1GJ–Pelagius of Asturias (c. 685-737). Visigoth nobleman, leader of the Asturian rebellion (718-737) against the Muslim power and winner in the Battle of Covadonga. First monarch of the Kingdom of Asturias. Pelagius in Covadonga. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume V. Published in Barcelona, 1881.
RM2JCT1G1–Middle Ages. France (year 900). From left to right: warrior, lady, nobleman and princess. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume IV. Published in Barcelona, 1881.
RM2JCN7T3–Middle Ages. History of France (year 900). From left to right: Man of the people, noblewoman and king. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume IV. Published in Barcelona, 1881.
RM2JCN7RX–Byzantines (700-1000). From left to right, 17: Writer's costume. Paenula, 18: Byzantine soldier, 19: Warrior costume. Paenula. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume IV. Published in Barcelona, 1881.
RM2JCN7PR–Anglo-Saxons (500-1000). From left to right, 1: Warrior, 2: King (750), 3: Warrior, 4,5,6,7 and 8: Nobles. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume IV. Published in Barcelona, 1881.
RM2JCN7R0–Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, known as El Cid Campeador (ca. 1043-1099). Castilian nobleman, knighted by the infante Sancho. He took part in the battles of Llantada and Golpejera against Alfonso VI, and the Siege of Zamora. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume V. Published in Barcelona, 1884.
RM2JCN7R7–Battle of Tolbiac (496). Confrontation between Franks and Alemanni. Ancient Gaul, near Cologne (Germany). Clovis I, King of the Franks, defeated the Alemanni. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume IV. Published in Barcelona, 1881.
RM2JCN7R3–Anglo-Saxons (500-1000). Noblewoman of 850 and bishop of 900. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume IV. Published in Barcelona, 1881.
RM2JCN7T4–Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, known as El Cid Campeador (ca. 1043-1099). Castilian nobleman, knighted by the infante Sancho. He took part in the battles of Llantada and Golpejera against Alfonso VI, and the Siege of Zamora. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume V. Published in Barcelona, 1884.
RM2JCN7PX–Alfonso X of Castile, called 'The Wise' (1221-1284). King of Castile and Leon. Portrait. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume VI. Published in Barcelona, 1885.
RM2JCN7RD–Roger de Flor (ca. 1267-1305). Mercenary warlord who served the Crown of Aragon. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume VI. Published in Barcelona, 1885.
RM2JCN7R8–Anglo-Saxons (500-1000). Nobles. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume IV. Published in Barcelona, 1881.
RM2JCN7PN–Byzantines (700-1000). From left to right: 1 and 2: Byzantine soldiers, 3: Royal employee, 4 and 5: Royal costumes. Dalmatic. Silk cloth. Sceptre, 6 and 7: Royal suit. Dalmatic and second robe. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume IV. Published in Barcelona, 1881.
RM2JCN7PC–Europe. Early Middle Ages. 8th-9th centuries. Frankish Kingdom. Carolingian dynasty. 1: Noble, 2,3,5,6 and 7: Princesses and noble ladies, 4: Warrior, 8: Benedictine monk. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume IV. Published in Barcelona, 1881.
RM2JCN7T6–Byzantines (700-1000). From left to right, 5: Royal suit. Dalmatic. Silk cloth. Sceptre, 6 and 7: Royal suit. Dalmatic and second robe. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume IV. Published in Barcelona, 1881.
RM2JCN7PP–Middle Ages. History of France (year 900). King and warrior. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume IV. Published in Barcelona, 1881.
RM2JCN7RA–Byzantines (700-1000). From left to right, 8: Royal soldier, 9: Womanly suit, 10: Work Suit. Cap, 11: Womanly main person outfit, 12: Most modern warrior outfit and 13: Main warrior or king outfit. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal,' by Cesar Cantú. Volume IV. Published in Barcelona, 1881.
RM2JCN7RG–Europe. Early Middle Ages. 8th-9th centuries. Frankish Kingdom. Carolingian dynasty. From left to right. 9: Empress of 800, 19: Warrior, 11: Princess, 12: Charlemagne. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume IV. Published in Barcelona, 1881.
RM2JCN7R9–Byzantines (700-1000). From left to right, 10: Working clothes. Cap, 11: Main person's female costume, 12: More modern warrior outfit, 13: Chief warrior or king outfit. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal,' (Universal History) by César Cantú. Volume IV. Published in Barcelona, 1881.
RM2JCN7PE–Byzantines (700-1000). From left to right, 15: Byzantine consul, 16: Modern warrior costume, 17: Writer's costume. Paenula, 18: Byzantine soldier, 19: Warrior costume. Paenula, 20: Warrior costume. Breeches. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume IV. Published in Barcelona, 1881.
RM2JCN7T1–Anglo-Saxons (500-1000). From left to right, 9: Military chief, 10: King (966), 11: Noblewoman (850), 12: Bishop (900). Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume IV. Published in Barcelona, 1881.
RM2JCN7RH–Anglo-Saxons (500-1000). From left to right, 1: Warrior, 2: King (750), 3: Warrior. Chromolithography. 'Historia Universal' (Universal History), by César Cantú. Volume IV. Published in Barcelona, 1881.
RM2JCH50D–Peninsular War. General Lacy in the Battle of Ocaña (November 19, 1809) between French and Spanish forces. Illustration by Serra Pausas. Chromolithography. 'Historia de la Revolución Española' (desde la Guerra de la Independencia a la Restauración en Sagunto), by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez. Volume I. Published in Barcelona, 1890.
RM2JCH50J–Ramón María Narváez (1799-1868). 1st Duke of Valencia. Spanish general and politician. Leader of the Moderate Party during the reign of Isabella II. Prime minister of Spain on seven occasions between 1844 and 1868. Portrait. 'Historia de la Revolución Española (desde la Guerra de la Independencia a la Restauración en Sagunto), por Vicente Blasco Ibáñez. Volume II. Published in Barcelona, 1891.
RM2JCH519–Francisco Martinez de la Rosa (1787-1862). Spanish statesman and dramatist and the 1st prime minister of Spain to receive the tittle of President of the Council of Ministers. Portrait. 'Historia de la Revolución Española (desde la Guerra de la Independencia a la Restauración en Sagunto), por Vicente Blasco Ibáñez. Volume II. Published in Barcelona, 1891.
RM2JCH515–History of Spain. First Carlist War (1833-1840). Third Siege of Bilbao (5 November to 25 December 1836). General Espartero harangued the troops next to Mount San Pablo, during the battle of Luchana, 25 December 1836. Illustration by Serra Pausas. Chromolithography. 'Historia de la Revolución Española' (desde la Guerra de la Independencia a la Restauración en Sagunto) by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez. Volume II. Published in Barcelona, 1891.
RM2JCH50X–Luis Fernández de Córdoba y Valcárcel (1798-1840). Spanish lieutenant general. Of absolutist ideas, during the reign of Ferdinand VII he uprised against the government during the Liberal Triennium, being one of the promoters of the failed uprising of the Royal Guard in Madrid on 7 July 1822, which forced him to go into exile in France. Portrait. 'Historia de la Revolución Española' (desde la Guerra de la Independencia a la Restauración en Sagunto), by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez. Volume II. Published in Barcelona, 1891.
RM2JCH506–Rafael del Riego (1784-1823). Spanish general and liberal politician, who played a key role in the outbreak of the Liberal Triennium. The revolutionary column of Major Riego. Illustration by Serra Pausas. Chromolithography. 'Historia de la Revolución Española' (desde la Guerra de la Independencia a la Restauración en Sagunto), by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez. Volume II. Published in Barcelona, 1891.
RM2JCH50W–Lorenzo Calvo de Rozas (1773-1850). Spanish liberal politician and writer. Portrait. Historia de la Revolución Española (desde la Guerra de la Independencia a la Restauración en Sagunto), by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez. Volume I. Published in Barcelona, 1890.
RM2JCH50Y–The Russian Tsar Alexander I, making the Imperial Spanish regiment Alejandro swear the Liberal Constitution of 1812. The regiment was created to fight against Napoleon, with five thousand Spaniards plus deserters from the French army. The flag of the regiment was embroidered by the empresses Elizabeth Alexeievna and Maria Fyodorovna, wife and mother of Alexander I. The Imperial Regiment 'Alejandro' remained in St. Petersburg until 1814, returning to Spain after the fall of Napoleon. Illustration by Serra Pausas. Chromolithography. 'Historia de la Revolución Española' (desde la Guerra de la Ind
RM2JCH4YY–Arthur Colley Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington (1769-1852). British general and politician. During the Peninsular War he led the British troops fighting in Spain against Napoleon. Portrait. 'Historia de la Revolución Española (desde la Guerra de la Independencia a la Restauración en Sagunto)', by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez. Volume I. Published in Barcelona, 1890.
RM2JCH516–History of Spain. Liberal Triennium (1820-1823). First liberal government of the Triennium (April 1820). The liberal deputies of different factions (moderate and radical) José Canga Argüelles (1771-1842) and Antonio Alcalá Galiano (1789-1865) are carried in triumph by the people of Seville, after a session of the Cortes, held in the church of the Jesuit College of San Hermenegildo. Both politicians had prioritised patriotic sentiment over political party confrontation and were honoured by the people. This is how the revolutionary people responded to the threats of the Holy Alliance. Due to the
RM2JCH501–Arthur Colley Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington (1769-1852). British general and politician. During the Peninsular War he led the British troops fighting in Spain against Napoleon. Portrait. 'Historia de la Revolución Española (desde la Guerra de la Independencia a la Restauración en Sagunto)', by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez. Volume I. Published in Barcelona, 1890.
RM2JCH50H–History of Spain. Liberal Revolution of 1820. 'Oath of the liberal conspirators at the Taller Sublime lodge.' The various lodges of the regiments were called together for a solemn meeting in Cádiz to conjure up a conspiracy in favour of the insurrection. Alcalá Galiano was the speaker, on a stage with Masonic symbolism. Illustration by Serra Pausas. Chromolithography. 'Historia de la Revolución Española' (desde la Guerra de la Independencia a la Restauración en Sagunto), by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez. Volume I. Published in Barcelona, 1890.
RM2JCH4YP–Spanish soldiers in Denmark swearing an oath to remain faithful to the homeland (1808). Chromolithography. 'Historia de la Revolución Española' (desde la Guerra de la Independencia a la Restauración en Sagunto), por Vicente Blasco Ibáñez. Volume I. Published in Barcelona, 1890.
RM2JCH50P–Rafael del Riego (1784-1823). Spanish general and liberal politician, who played a key role in the outbreak of the Liberal Triennium. Portrait. Engraving. 'Historia de la Revolución Española (desde la Guerra de la Independencia a la Restauración en Sagunto), by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez. Volume I. Published in Barcelona, 1890.
RM2JCH518–Rafael Maroto (1783-1847). Spanish military. He joined the troops of the pretender Carlos V (Carlos María Isidro de Borbón) in the First Carlist War. Together with Espartero, he starred in the Embrace of Vergara (August 31, 1839) which ended the conflict. Portrait. 'Historia de la Revolución Española (desde la Guerra de la Independencia a la Restauración) by Vicente Blasco Ibañez. Volume II. Published in Barcelona, 1891.
RM2JCH50K–Antonio Van Halen Sarti (1792-1858). Spanish marine and military. He took part in the Peninsular War, Spanish-American War and First Carlist War. As Captain General of Catalonia during Espartero's Regency, in November 1842 he ordered the bombardment of the city of Barcelona. Portrait. 'Historia de la Revolución Española' (desde la Guerra de la Independencia a la Restauración en Sagunto), by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez. Volume II. Published in Barcelona, 1891.
RM2JCH512–Luis Lacy Gautier (1775-1817). Spanish general who stood out for his actions in Catalonia during the Peninsular War. He was executed by firing squad on 5 July 1817 at Bellver Castle in Palma de Mallorca. Execution of General Lacy. Chromolithography. 'Historia de la Revolución Española' (desde la Guerra de la Independencia a la Restauración en Sagunto), by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez. Volume I. Published in Barcelona, 1890.
RM2JCH513–Juan Alvarez de Mendizábal (1790-1853). Spanish politician and financier who had great importance in the Spanish liberal Revolution. He was appointed Minister of Finance in July 1835 by the Count of Toreno, from which he promoted the confiscation of the confiscation of Catholic Church's properties. Portrait. 'Historia de la Revolución Española (desde la Guerra de la Independencia a la Restauración en Sagunto), por Vicente Blasco Ibáñez. Volume II. Published in Barcelona, 1891.
RM2JCH510–Jose Manso y Solá (1785-1863). Spanish soldier of the army of Fernando VII and Isabel II. Portrait. 'Historia de la Revolución Española (desde la Guerra de la Independencia a la Restauración en Sagunto), por Vicente Blasco Ibáñez. Volume I. Published in Barcelona, 1890.
RM2JCH517–Francisco Espoz y Mina (1781-1836). Spanish military. Leader of the guerrillas of Navarre during the Spanish War of Independence (1808-1814). He fought on the Isabeline army in the First Carlist War (1833-1840), being the most responsible for the fight in the north of Spain against the Carlists. The French Revolution of 1830, with liberal and anti-Bourbon leanings, led Espoz y Mina to organise a revolutionary front in France to act in Spain. For several months he trained a large number of Spanish exiles who had taken refuge in England. On 18 October 1830, he attempted to penetrate Basque terri
RM2JCH4YN–'Historia de la Revolución Española' (History of the Spanish Revolution, from from the Peninsular War to the Restoration in Sagunto), by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez. Volume I. Published in Barcelona, 1890.
RM2JCH514–Juan Palarea Blanes, so-called 'El Médico' (1780-1842). Spanish military. Field marshal and guerrilla leader during the Peninsular War. He took part in the First Carlist War. Portrait. Historia de la Revolución Española (desde la Guerra de la Independencia a la Restauración en Sagunto), by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez. Volume II. Published in Barcelona, 1891.
RM2JCH508–José Melchor Gomis Colomer (1791-1836). Spanish Romantic composer. He is attributed with the authorship of Riego's Hymn, the national anthem of Spain during the Second Spanish Republic. Portrait. 'Historia de la Revolución Española' (desde la Guerra de la Independencia a la Restauración en Sagunto), por Vicente Blasco Ibáñez. Volume II. Published in Barcelona, 1891.
RM2JBH9G3–Nicolas-Bernard Lépicié (1735-1784). French painter. The Astronomer, ca. 1777. Oil on canvas. Calouste Gulbenkian Museum. Lisbon, Portugal.
RM2JBH9FM–Riding Saint Martin sharing his cloak with a beggar. Unknown artist, 1531. Loire Valley (France). Calouste Gulbenkian Museum. Lisbon, Portugal.
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