RF2R2R1G6–The 1906 caption reads' Old French Theater Miniature. From a handwritten reference time of Karl VI from France in the Library of the arsenal in paris..' Charles VI (Karl VI, is considered the Last Baroque emperor, the last Habsburg emepror. He was also the Holy Roman Emperor. He was emprror from 1711 to his death in 1740.
RF2R2R1HA–The 1906 caption reads: 'Kaiser Basileus II, the Bulgar Slayer. A miniature of one of the Kaiser's [emperor's] Book of Psalms. The origina; is in the library at San Mark's in Venice.' Basil II, (957/958—1025, known as “Slayer of the Bulgars” and Byzantine emperor (976–1025) was crowned co-emperor with his brother in 960. He exiled the grand chamberlain (985) and defeated rival generals (989) in order to gain the authority to rule. Basil became one of the strongest Byzantine emperors, winning territory in the Balkans, Mesopotamia, Armenia, and Georgia. He was noted for his victory (1014) in th
RF2R2R1G1–The 1906 caption reads: ' A Feat - a cultural image from the Late Middle Ages. The image is a miniature that was in the breviarium of Cardinal Grimani. [A breviarium is a book of the prayers, hymns, psalms, and readings for the canonical hours, which is also known as the divine office.] The original is in the library at Saint Mark’s in Venice..'
RF2R2R1HE–The 1906 caption reads: The Martyrdom and Death of Saint Stanislaus. Colors painted on wood altar. The original is in the Museum for Art in Breslau [present-day Wroclaw in Poland].' Stanisław Kostka S.J. was a Polish novice of the Society of Jesus. He is venerated in the Catholic Church as Saint Stanislaus Kostka (1550-1568).
RF2R2R1GA–The 1906 caption reads: 'The first page of Dante's Divine Comedy. Tuscan manuscript from the 14th century. The original is in the Maine Library in Vienna.
RF2R2R1H3–The 1906 caption reads: 'A page from the first edition of Sebastian Brant's Ship of Fools in 1494.' The book was a medieval satire on contemporary folly and corruption.
RF2R1X44T–The 1906 caption reads: 'View of City of Nuremberg in the 15th century. from Hartmann Schedel's Chronicle of the world.' Hartmann Schedel (1440 –1514) was a German historian, physician, humanist, and one of the first cartographers to use the printing press. He wrote the Chronicle in 1493.
RF2R1X43H–The 1906 captions reads: 'Punishments and Execution Garden in Middle Ages.' It is a wood cut, done in Mainz, Germany, in 1508 by Johann Schoffer, the son of Peter Schoffer and grandson of Johann Fust (financial backer of Johann Gutenberg)..
RF2R1X44W–The 1906 caption reads: 'City Life in Middle Ages[ c 800-1500] in Germany. A a miniature in an alchemist's handwriting. The original in in the Library of the German National Museum in Nurnberg.'
RF2R1X43M–A wagon-fort in the Middle Ages, a pen drawing from the by the princes of Waldburg-Wolfegg {Germany}.” Waldburg-Wolfegg was a County ruled by the House of Wadlburg, located in southeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
RF2R1X43F–The 1906 caption reads: : The Kaiser Sigismund. A mosaic in the Cathedral in Sienna [Italy].' Sigismund of Luxembourg was a monarch as King of Hungary and Croatia from 1387, King of Germany from 1410, King of Bohemia from 1419, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1433 until his death in 1437, as well as prince-elector of Brandenburg. He was the last male member of the House of Luxembourg.
RF2R1X43K–The 1906 caption reads: 'Bullet Casting in the Middle Ages. The wood cut is from the 'White King Maximilian' by Hans Burgkmair.' Der Weisskunig, which was never completed, is a prose work written in German by Maximilian's secretary, Marx Treitzsauerwein, although sections were dictated to him by Maximilian I (1486–1519) himself. Hans Burgkmair the Elder (1473–1531) was a German painter and woodcut printmaker
RF2PYHPNX–This print from 1n 1896 Century magazine shows Queen Louisa of Prussia, fengraving is by Varley on a half-tone. Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (died 1810) was Queen of Prussia as the wife of King Frederick William III. The couple's happy, though short-lived, marriage produced nine children, including the future monarchs Frederick William IV of Prussia and Wilhelm I, German Emperor.
RF2PYHPP9–This image from a painting by Francois Gerard is of Mme. De Stael. It was engraved by R G Tietze. Madame de Staël (1766-1817) was a politically engaged woman of letters, who survived the French Revolution and was exiled more than once by Napoleon. François Pascal Simon Gérard, titled as Baron Gérard in 1809, was a prominent French painter. He was born in Rome, where his father occupied a post in the house of the French ambassador.
RF2PYHPWF–This image from an 1896 issue of Century Magazine shows Pope Leo IIIwhen he was Bishop in 1844. Pope Leo III (died 816) was Pope from 795 to 816. Pope Leo III is best known for crowning Charlemagne as the first Holy Roman Emperor and for promoting the vision of the Christian world as a single, orderly, peaceful society under the ultimate authority of the Bishop of Rome as Christ's deputy on earth.
RF2PYHPTD–This illustration from an 1896 issue of Century Magazine shows Napoleon and Alexander at Tilst studying a map of Europe. It was drawn by Paul Grolleron. Napoleon and Alexander met at Tilsit and signed a peace treaty (7 July, 1808). Alexander I, the Tsar of Russia, was forced to accept the reduction of Prussia's position, the constitution of a grand-duchy of Warsaw and the continental blockade against Britain. Napoleon Bonaparte (1769–1821) was a French military and political leader who became the emperor of France. The French painter and illustrator, Paul Grolleron, remains best known for his
RF2PYHPRP–This image from an 1896 Century magazine shows Napoleon planning a battle, It was drawn by Eric Pape and engranved by H Davidson. Napoleon Bonaparte (1769–1821) was a French military and political leader who became the emperor of France.
RF2PYHPW5–This image from an 1896 issue of Century Magazine shows Napoleon receiving the Queen of Prussia at Tilst on July 6, 1807. It is from a painting by Nicolas-Louis-Francois Gosse that is in the museum of Versailles that was engraved by Peter Aitken.
RF2PYHPT5–This image from an 1896 Century Magazine shows the Drum Majors of Napoleon. It is by P Grolleron. Napoleon Bonaparte (1769–1821) was a French military and political leader who became the emperor of France. The French painter and illustrator, Paul Grolleron, remains best known for his many well-observed images of the Franco-Prussian war.
RF2PYHPWR–This image from an 1896 issue of Century Magazine shows Pope Leo XIII, an engraving by Johnson after a photograph of a painting by Lenbach in Munich. It was reprinted from 'The Century' for May 1888. Pope Leo XIII was head of the Catholic Church from February 1878 until his death in July 1903. Living until the age of 93, he was the oldest pope holding office, and had the fourth-longest reign of any pope, behind those of St. Peter, Pius IX and John Paul II.
RF2PWGBAJ–The 1906 caption reads: 'The Golden [Papal] Bull of Kaiser Karl IV from the year 1356. First page of the Kaiser's Bull. The original is in the National Library in Vienna [Austria].'
RF2PWGBCW–The 1906 caption reads: 'Albrecht Durer - a self portrait - in the Old Pinakothek in Munich.' Albrecht Durer (1471-1528) was a German artist well known for his prints and drawings of keen observation and rich detail. He was born in Nuremberg and had a studio there.
RF2PWGB9T–The 2906 caption reads: 'Regulations for participation and behavior of the knights in a crusade. A page from the 'Order of the Holy Spirit.' The original in the Louvre in Paris.' Image result for crusades order oft he holy spirit/ The Order of the Holy Spirit (French: Ordre du Saint-Esprit; sometimes translated into English as the Order of the Holy Ghost), is a French order of chivalry founded by Henry III of France in 1578. Today, it is a dynastic order under the House of France.
RF2PWGBCK–The 1906 caption reads: 'Children's Room in a German House. A miniature from an alchemist's manuscript. The original is in the library of the German National Museum in Nurenberg.'
RF2PWGBA8–The 1906 caption reads: 'Francis of Assisi - sermon before Pope Honorius. A fresco by Giotto di Bondone (1266-1336) in the upper church in Assisi.' Giotto di Bondone was the most important Italian painter of the 14th century. His works point to the innovations of the Renaissance style that developed a century later.
RF2PWGBD1–The 1906 caption reads: 'Geoffrey Chaucer. Miniature by Thomas Hoccleve's ''Regement of Princes.'' Geoffrey Chaucer, (c. 1342/43-1400), the outstanding English poet before Shakespeare and “the first finder of our language.” His The Canterbury Tales ranks as one of the greatest poetic works in English. He also contributed importantly in the second half of the 14th century to the management of public affairs as courtier, diplomat, and civil servant. Thomas Hoccleve or Occleve was an English poet and clerk, who became a key figure in 15th-century Middle English literature. His Regement of Princes
RF2PWGBGN–The 1906 caption reads: 'Geoffrey Chaucer. Miniature by Thomas Hoccleve's ''Regement of Princes.'' Geoffrey Chaucer, (c. 1342/43-1400), the outstanding English poet before Shakespeare and “the first finder of our language.” His The Canterbury Tales ranks as one of the greatest poetic works in English. He also contributed importantly in the second half of the 14th century to the management of public affairs as courtier, diplomat, and civil servant. Thomas Hoccleve or Occleve was an English poet and clerk, who became a key figure in 15th-century Middle English literature. His Regement of Princes
RF2PPCXR9–The 1909 caption reads: “Farm life culture picture from the late Middle Ages.” The original is in the library of Saint Mark’s in Venice.
RF2PPCXP9–The 1909 caption reads: “Papal bull Frederick II from September 26, 1212.” The Golden Bull of Sicily was a decree issued by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor in Basel on September 26, 1212, that confirmed the royal title obtained by Ottokar I of Bohemia in 1198, declaring him and his heirs Kings of Bohemia. Bohemia is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic.
RF2PPCXTP–The 1906 caption reads: 'Otto pardoning brother Henry in Frankfort Cathedral [in later 900s AD] Otto the Great, after crushing the rebellion of his brother Thankmar, found his younger brother Henry also plotting against him. Henry fled, but one Christmas day while the choir were singing “Peace on Earth,” he came as a stranger and knelt at Otto’s feet in the cathedral at Frankfort. Otto forgave him, and thereafter Henry remained his faithful ally.'
RF2PPCXXW–The 1906 caption reads: 'Henry Seeking entrance to Canossa. This complements a picture showing Pope Gregory watching the humbled emperor Henry at Canossa. This represents Henry as in his penitent garb he climbs barefoot up the rocky path, with his faithful servants. He lifts the heavy iron knocker upon the portal; and this first barrier will open for him, but only that he may stand alone in the snowy courtyard below.' Pope Gregory VII excommunicated King Henry IV of Germany . Not wishing to bear the social results of the papal ban, Henry crossed Mont Cenis in the middle of winter to make peace
RF2PPCXPR–The 1909 caption reads: “King Konrad the Younger out on hawk hunt.” Konrad I (also Conrad I, called the Younger, was the king of East Francia from 911 to 918. He was the first king not of the Carolingian dynasty, the first to be elected by the nobility and the first to be anointed. East Francia refers to area now Germany.
RF2PPCXXG–The 1906 caption reads: 'Thorismund crowned on field of battle at Chalons. At the great battle of Chalons [451 AD], Attila, 'the scourge of God,' met his final defeat from the combined Romans and Visigoths. Theodoric, the Visigothic king, was slain in battle, while leading his men in a heroic charge. The Visigoths promptly declared his young son Thorismund king, raising him upon their shields amid all the tremendous uproar of the batle. Then, with Thorismund at their head, they rushed forward to avenge their former leader, and in their fury won the battle.'
RF2PN50JN–The 1906 capiton reads: 'Franks at Tours searching Arab Camp In the year 734 the Frankish leader Charles Martel defeated a host of Mahometan Arabs at Tours and thus saved Europe for Christianity. At the end of a long day of desperate battle, the Arab leader was killed and his host fled. A pretended flight was a common trick of the Arabs, and the Franks waited under arms all night. In the morning they saw the abandoned camp and began cautiously to explore it, expecrting an attack from behind every tent. The camp, however, was really deseerted and all the plunder gathered by the Arabs had been l
RF2PN50HX–The 1906 caption reads:'Henry the LIon kneels to Barbarossa. Barbarossa’s turn did not come until years later. He was defeated in Italy, through Henry’s defection. Returning to Germany he declared Henry a traitor, and after a long war crushed him to submission. Henry knelt at his monarch’s feet in despair, but they had been friends in youth, and remembering this, Frederick pardoned his subjugated vassal and restored part of his former possessions.'
RF2PN50JA–The 1906 caption reads: 'Saint Boniface preaching in Germany. The English priest Winfred, better known as Saint Boniface, is called the Apostle of the Germans. For fifty years he travelled among the wildest tribes, risking his life almost daily that he might bring his message to the heathen people. He was finally martyred in the year 755, by the Frisians. He continued exhorting them to the last, even as he was struck down by their battle axes.'
RF2PN50HK–Barbarossa kneels to Henry the Lion Henry the Lion was mightiest vassal of the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa [died 1195]. When Frederick was warring in Italy, he found himself almost without troops and urged Henry to help him. But the men the Emperor was fighting were Henry’s friends, and he avoided entering the struggle. At last Frederick even threw himself at his vassal’s feet in entreaty. Henry, forced into action, flatly refused his aid. His followers were wild with delight. 'The crown you now see at your feet,' cried one, 'we will place on your own brow.' Frederick’s wife raised the humil
RF2PN50M3–The 1906 caption reads: 'Empress Cunegunde enduring ordeal by fire. Henry II had a wife as pure and truly religious as himself. Yet enemies accused her of crime and she had to undergo what was called the Ordeal by Fire. This was a test of innocence in which ploughshares were heated redhot and the accused walked across them barefoot; the superstitious idea that if she were innocent she would escape unharmed. We are assured that Cunegunde passed triumphantly through the test.' The year was around 1000 AD
RF2PN50JJ–The 1906 caption reads: 'Baptism of Wittekind. The Germans in the northeast, that is, the Saxons, were not finally converted to Christianity until Charlemagne’s time. He conquered them and forced his faith upon them. Their most heoric leader was Wittekind, a man scarce inferior to Charlemagne himself either as general or as statesman. Wittekind held out until the Saxon cause was utterly hopeless; then he submitted and accepted baptism [about 785 AD]. Vast crowds of the Saxons followed him to the font; and Charlemagne himself acted as the new convert’s godfather.'
RF2PKF330–The Book of Kells (c. 800 CE) is an illuminated manuscript of the four gospels of the Christian New Testament. The work is the most famous of the medieval illuminated manuscripts for the intricacy, detail, and majesty of the illustrations. Scholars believe it was made to be a showpiece for the altar and not for daily use, because more attention was given to the artwork than the text. Matthew was one of the twelve apostles – the first to respond to the call to follow Jesus. He wrote the first Gospel, recording the life, death, and resurrection of Christ. St. Matthew, before he was called by Jes
RF2PKF2Y6–This 1904 illustration shows a reconstruciton of a watch tower at Limes (Roman military road) . Limes, (Latin for “path”) plural limites, in ancient Rome, originally meant a path that marked the boundary between plots of land. Later it came to refer to roads along which troops advanced into unfriendly territory. The word, therefore, came to mean a Roman military road, fortified with watchtowers and forts.
RF2PKF33B–The Bayeux Tapestry is an embroidered cloth nearly 230 feet long and 20 inches tall that depicts the events leading up to the Norman conquest of England between William, Duke of Normandy and Harold, Earl of Wessex, later King of England. At the Battle of Hastings in 1066, William defeated Harold. It tells the story from the point of view of the conquering Normans, but is now agreed to have been made in England. Worked on coarse linen, it measures 230 feet by 20 inches. Its date is disputed. It is housed in the Bayeux Museum in Bayeux, France.
RF2PKF33K–The original draft of the Magna Carta from the year 1215, the so-called Article of the Barons. The original parchment manuscript is in the British Museum in London.
RF2PKF2XD–The silver hoard from Hildesheim – uncovered. In 1868. The original is in the Royal Museum in Berlin. The Hildesheim Treasure ranks among the biggest silver hoards from the period when the Roman Republic was being transformed into an empire. At the time of its discovery, the hoard consisted of around 70 valuable silver objects, most of which date to the 1st century AD. The hoard consists of about 70 exquisitely crafted solid silver vessels for eating and drinking.
RF2PKF2YY–This 1909 image shows the tomb of Theodorich of Ravenna. The Mausoleum of Theodoric is an ancient monument just outside Ravenna, Italy. It was built in 520 AD by Theodoric the Great, king of the Ostrogoths, as his future tomb. Theodoric, at the encouragement and direction of the Roman emperor Zeno, invaded Italy, deposed King Odoacer, and ruled over a kingdom of Romans and Goths from 493-526 AD
RF2PHP12E–The 1896 caption reads: 'Scene at Station on Pennsylvania Railroad as Garfield ambulance Train passed on its way to Elberon. On September 6th, the President was removed to Elberon, NJ, in a specially designed car, the bed being arranged so as to minimize jolting, It was an extremely hot day and the train went very fast, the President sending a message to the engineer to increase the speed. At the stations and in the fields, knots of people congregate to watch the passage of the train, instinctively removing their hats as it came into sight.' James Abram Garfield (1831-1881) was elected the 20t
RF2PHP13C–The 1896 caption reads: 'Chinese Must Go. Denis Kearney addressing working men on night of October 20 on Nob Hill, San Francisco.'
RF2PHP0WW–The 1896 caption reads: 'Anti-Chinese Riot 1880 in Denver Colorado.' The publication of the “Morey Letter” stirred up a general anti-Chinese feeling, particularly in the West. On October 31, 1880, a mob attacked the Chinese quarter in Denver, and were only driven back when the firemen turned the stream from their hose on them.
RF2PHP179–The 1896 caption reads: 'Procession Wong Fong— the most representative celebration customary among Chinese in San Francisco. painted by Thulstrup from photograph by Taber.'
RF2PHP17N–The 1896 caption reads: 'Cincinnati riots of 1884. The Barricade in South Sycamore street from photograph by Rombach and Groene.' The Cincinnati riots of 1884, also known as the Cincinnati Courthouse riots, were caused by public outrage over the decision of a jury to return a verdict of manslaughter in what was seen as a clear case of murder
RF2PHP0XG–The 1896 caption reads: 'James A Garfield - after photograph by Bell - the last picture made before the assassination.' James Abram Garfield (1831-1881) was elected the 20th President of the United States in 1880. He was constantly harassed by people seeking jobs and was shot by one on July 2, 1881. He died on September 19.
RF2PHP16R–Denis Krearney being drawn through streets of San Francisco after his release from the house of Correction. The procession passing the Lotta Fountain in Market Street. Painted by Howard Pyle from photograph by Taber and a description by Kearney himself
RF2P50BEW–The 1896v caption reads: 'Mississippi Legislature passing resolution asking for Federal Aid after attack on Vicksburg scene in Senate Chamber” – 1870s.
RF2P50BB5–The 1896 caption reads: South Carolina Legislature of 1873 passing an Appropriation Bil
RF2P50BRD–The 1896 caption reads: 'Trial of Thomas Munley the 'Molly Maguire' at Pottsville PA. Painted by W R Leigh from photograph by George A Bretz.' The Molly Maguires were an Irish 19th-century secret society active in Ireland, Liverpool and parts of the Eastern United States, best known for their activism among Irish-American and Irish immigrant coal miners in Pennsylvania. After a series of often violent conflicts, twenty suspected members of the Molly Maguires were convicted of murder and other crimes and were executed by hanging in 1877 and 1878. This history remains part of local Pennsylvania
RF2P50B9B–The 1896 caption reads: Facsimile of a 'gratuity' voted to Governor Moses by South Carolina Legislature in 1871
RF2P50BJR–The 1896 caption reads: '“I shall decide every point in the case of post-office elector in favor of the highest democratic elector, and grant the certificate accordingly on morning of the 6th inst. Confidential.” Congressional record. One of the “Cipher Dispatches,” sent during the Election Deadlock, with translation, as put in evidence before the Congressional Committee.
RF2P50BHF–The 1896 caption reads: 'Red Cloud after a photograph by Bell.' Red Cloud was a leader of the Oglala Lakota from 1868 to 1909. He was one of the most capable Native American opponents whom the United States Army faced in the western territories.
RF2NT8NND–The 1896 caption reads: “Scene in New York Gold Room on Black Friday September 24, 1869, drawn by C S Reinhart from photographs and descriptions by eye-witnesses.” Black Friday, in U.S. history, a securities market panic that occurred on September 24, 1869, as a result of plummeting gold prices. The crash was a consequence of an attempt by financier Jay Gould and railway magnate James Fisk to corner the gold market and drive up the price.
RF2NT8NW8–This 1896 image shows the Ex-Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany. He was the eldest son of the last German Kaiser (Wilhelm II). He was the last crown prince of the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. He lost the title of Crown Prince with the fall of the empire on November 5, 1918. Upon the death of his father he became the Crown Prince of Hollenzollern and retained the title until he died in 1951.
RF2NT8NNX–The 1896 caption reads: “U S Grant from photograph by Walker June 2 1875 General Grant shaved his beard on purpose the picture being used in cutting a cameo Only two copies each of two views, showing right and left profile, were printed.” Ulysses S. Grant (1822 - 1885) was an American military officer and politician who served as the 18th president of the United States from 1869 to 1877.
RF2NT8NHE–The 1896 caption reads: High Commissioners in Session at Washington. [The figures in back are: Sir Stafford Northcote, Professor Mountague Bernard, Senator G h Williams. The figures in front, are, from left to right: Judge ER Hoar, Gen RC Schenck, Sir John MacDonald, Hamilton Fish, Earl de Grey, Judge Samuel Nelson, Sir Edward Thronton, Lord Tenterden
RF2NT8NJ5–The 1896 caption reads: 'Fisk and Gould's Grand Opera House in a State of Siege drawn by B West Clinedinst.'
RF2NT8NCN–The caption for this 1896 illustration reads: 'Facsimile of Signatures to the Treaty of Washington (from the original at the State Department, Washington)' The Treaty of Washington was a treaty signed and ratified by the United Kingdom and the United States in 1871 during the first premiership of William Gladstone and the presidency of Ulysses S. Grant. It was meant to resolve a number of conflicts between the two nations. One of these was the death of many British civilians during the American Civil War even though Britain had remained neutral during the war,
RF2NGY4M4–The 1896 caption reads: 'Facsimile of the Autograph Telegram from General Sheridan to Secretary of War announcing the Great Fire at Chicago—in collection of CF Gunther.” The Great Chicago Fire was a conflagration that burned in the American city of Chicago during October 8–10, 1871.
RF2NGY4MD–A newspaper cutting put in evidence before the Congressional Committee: [From the Independent Monitor, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, September 1, 1868] A Prospective Scene in the City of Oaks 4th of March, 1869: Hang, curs, hang! ***** Their complexion is perfect gallows. Standfast, good fate, to their hanging! ***** If they be not born to be hanged, our case is miserable.” The above cut represents the fate in store for those great pests of Southern society—the carpet-bagger and scalawag —if found in Dixie’s land after the break of day on the 4th of March next.
RF2NGY4MA–Reconstruction Committee. The Joint Committee of fifteen appointed to ‘inquire into the condition of affairs in the so-called confederate States” who finally adopted, April 28, 1866, a series of resolutions embodying a recommendation which afterward took form as the Fourteenth amendment. Senators W P Fessenden, Maine, Chairman; F W Grimes, Iowa; Ira Harris, New York; F M Howard, Michigan; George H Williams, Oregon. Representatives: Thaddeus Stevens, Pennsylvania; E B Washburn, Illinois; Justin S Morrill, Vermont; J A Bingham, Ohio; G S Boutwell, Massachusetts; Roscoe Conkling, New York; H T Bl
RF2NGY4J1–Tye 1896 caption reads: 'Driving last Spike of Union Pacific scene at Promontory Point Utah May 10 1869 - Drawn by B West Clinedinst from photograph in possession of General G M Dodge.' Benjamin West Clinedinst was an American book illustrator and portrait painter.
RF2NGY4MF–Ku Klux Klan Warning in Mississippi- put in evidence before the Congressional Committee - Dam Your Soul. The Horrible seoulchre and Bloody Moon has at last arrived. Some live today tomorrow “Die.” We the undersigned understand through ourGrand ‘Cyclops” that you have recommended a big Black Bigger for Male agent our nu rode; wel, sir, Jest you understand in time if he gets on the rode you can make up your miknd to pull roape. If you have any thing to say in regard to the Matter, meet the Grand Cyclops and Conclave at Den No. 4 at 12 o’clock midnight, Oct 1st, 1871. When you are in Calera we
RF2NGY4M7–The caption for this illustration reads: Two Great Questions 'Who Stole the People's Money? Do tell - NY Times. 'Twas Him. reproduced from harper's Weekly [August 19, 1871] by permission of Messrs. harper & brothers. Copyright 1871, by Harper & Brothers.' Tweed's Ring essentially controlled New York City until 1870, using embezzlement, bribery, and kickbacks to siphon massive chunks of New York's budget into their own pockets — anywhere from $40 million to $200 million (or $1.5 billion to $9 billion in 2009 dollars).
RF2N9RYGA–American writer and abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote the novel 'Uncle Tom's Cabin' (with the subtitle of 'Life among the Lowly'). The novel was first published in 1852 and is credited as laying the groundwork for the Civil War. The tales in the novel revolve around Uncle Tom, a long-suffering black slave.
RF2N9RYTB–The 1903 caption reads: 'Henry Ward Beecher [died 1887]. Harriet Beecher Stowe's favorite brother.' Henry Ward Beecher was an American Congregationalist clergyman, social reformer, and speaker, known for his support of the abolition of slavery, his emphasis on God's love, and his 1875 adultery trial. His rhetorical focus on Christ's love has influenced mainstream Christianity to this day. American writer and abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote the novel 'Uncle Tom's Cabin' (with the subtitle of 'Life among the Lowly'). The novel was first published in 1852 and is credited as laying the gr
RF2N9RYCM–This illustrations show Four Kittens by the French artist Jean Victor Adam (1801-1867). Adam was a French painter and lithographer.
RF2N9RYMY–The 1903 caption reads: Uncle Tom and Eva. from one of the first editions of 'Uncle Tom's Cabin,' published in 1852. 'Uncle Tom's Cabin' (with the subtitle of 'Life among the Lowly').' The author was Harriet Beecher Stoew. The novel was first published in 1852 and is credited as laying the groundwork for the Civil War. The tales in the novel revolve around Uncle Tom, a long-suffering black slave.
RF2N9T8E2–The 1903 caption reads' Saved - from a painting by Landseer 1802-1873.' . Landseer was an English painter and sculptor, well known for his paintings of animals – particularly horses, dogs, and stags. However, his best-known works are the lion sculptures at the base of Nelson's Column in Trafalgar Square.
RF2N9RYBX–This image shows a painting of a dog by Sir Edwin Henry Landseer. Landseer was an English painter and sculptor, well known for his paintings of animals – particularly horses, dogs, and stags. However, his best-known works are the lion sculptures at the base of Nelson's Column in Trafalgar Square.
RF2N4NJG5–The 1917 caption reads: The Curtain at the Doorway was drawn aside - [from] Canterbury Tales [by[ Chaucer- Griselda.” Griselda is a character in folklore who represents patience and loyalty. Her story is an allusion to the 'Book of Job' in The Bible and appears in The Canterbury Tales in 'The Clerk's Tale. The Decameron, a fourteenth-century collection of stories, tells the tale of Griselda, a peasant woman who was put through a series of tests by her rich husband, the Marquis Gualtieri di Saluzzo. This is the final panel of a series of three; it shows the couple's reunion after Griselda's o
RF2N4NM85–Pictured here is the painting by Rembrandt (1607-1669) of Elizabeth Bas, wife of Admiral J Frederick Swartenhout. She must have been around 75 at the time. Dressed in a black gown, elegant and subdued in style, she wears no jewelry to proclaim her rank. It reflects Rembrandt ability to depict in a wonderful way the strong individuality of his subjects.
RF2N4NKCT–The 1917 caption reads: “Bending down a branch of the Laburnum tree- Queen of the May - Story - Simple Susan.” Simple Susan was written by Maria Edgeworth (died 1849), a prolific Anglo-Irish novelist of adults' and children's literature. She was one of the first realist writers in children's literature and was a significant figure in the evolution of the novel in Europe, and Louey Chisholm, a prolific children’s book writer. The bright yellow flowers hang in pendulous racemes up to 25 cm (10 inches) in length and produce pods that are slender and compressed. All parts of laburnums are poisono
RF2N4NM0X–This illustration from 1903 shows the Christian Holy Family as painted by Michelangelo (1475-1564). Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, known best as simply Michelangelo, was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet of the High Renaissance born in the Republic of Florence, who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art.
RF2N4NHHC–The 1917 caption reads: Robinson ran to the white prisoner and cut his bonds.” Robinson Crusoe is a novel written by the English novelist Daniel Defoe and published in 1719. A fictional autobiography, it tells the tale of an English castaway named Robinson Crusoe (here seen saving a man from a group of cannibals) who spent 28 years on a remote tropical island near Venezuela before he was rescued.
RF2N4NJ33–The 1917 caption reads: 'Alas of all the ships I see is there never one that will bring my lord home Canterbury Tales [by] Chaucer - Dorigen.' Franklin's Tale is one of The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer. Published about 1400, it focuses on issues of providence, truth, generosity and gentillesse in human relationships. The story opens and closes by recounting how two lovers, Arveragus and Dorigen, decide that their marriage should be one of equal partnership.
RF2N4NK09–The 1917 caption reads: “Then did Christian draw his sword Pilgrim's Progress.” The Pilgrim’s Progress, is a religious allegory by the English writer John Bunyan, published in two parts in 1678 and 1684. The work is a symbolic vision of the good man’s pilgrimage through life. Christian is the central character of the book and the hero of the pilgrimage. Because Bunyan wrote The Pilgrim's Progress as an allegory rather than a novel, Christian is not represented as particularly complicated or conflicted and has a simple personality.
RF2N4NKRC–The 1917 caption reads: “She spoke of what she did not understand – Her mistaken airs of gentility. [from story Simple Susan]” Simple Susan was written by Maria Edgeworth (died 1849), a prolific Anglo-Irish novelist of adults' and children's literature. She was one of the first realist writers in children's literature and was a significant figure in the evolution of the novel in Europe, and Louey Chisholm, a prolific children’s book writer.
RF2MMCMK9–This 1892 image show the invitation to ceremonies on completion of the Washington Monument in washington DC
RF2MMCMXE–James Gillespie Blaine (1830-1893) was an American politician. He held several public offices, including U.S., representative from Maine from 1863 to 1876 and U.S. Secretary of State in 1881 and from 1889-1892. His improper use of influence in the case of a railroad in Arkansas prevented his being nominated for president in 1876. He was nominated for president in 1884, but defeated by the Democrats. He was instrumental in bringing about the first Pan American Congress.
RF2MMCN4P–The 1917 caption reads: “Escape from the shipwreck – Robinson Crusoe.” Robinson Crusoe is a novel written by the English novelist Daniel Defoe and published in 1719. A fictional autobiography, it tells the tale of an English castaway named Robinson Crusoe (seen here escaping from the shipwreck) who spent 28 years on a remote tropical island near Venezuela before he was rescued.
RF2MMCME8–Chester Alan Arthur (1830-1886) was elected the 21st President of the United States and served from 1881-1885. He succeeded to the president after Garfield's assassination. Arthur had an honest, efficient, dignified administration.
RF2MMCMFC–This 1892 images shows a letter from Ulysses s Grant dated January 27, 1885 and signed by Grant. 18th President of the United States The letter reads: 'New York City, January 27, 1885. Honorable John Sherman, Chairman. Dear Sir: I regret very much that my physical condition prevents my accepting the invitation of the Commission appointed by Congress to provide suitable ceremonies for the dedication of the Washington monument, to be present to witness the same, on the 21st of February next. My throat still requires the attention of the physician, daily, though I am encouraged to believe tha
RF2MMCMRA–John Alexander Logan (1826 –1886) was an American soldier and politician. He served in the Mexican–American War and was a general in the Union Army in the American Civil War. He served the state of Illinois as a state Representative, a Congressman, and a U.S. Senator and was an unsuccessful candidate for Vice President of the United States with James G. Blaine in the election of 1884.
RF2ME4RYW–Rutherford Birchard Hayes was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 19th president of the United States from 1877 to 1881, after serving in the U.S. House of Representatives and as governor of Ohio.
RF2ME4RT3–The 1906 caption reads: “EVICTION IN IRELAND.—The main political struggle during Victoria's reign has been over the question of allowing Ireland to govern herself. Much of the land there is the property of owners who reside in England and know nothing of their tenants. Hence these are sometimes treated with cruel harshness, and the very police who are ordered to evict them, pity and seek to comfort them, as in our illustration.” The Great Famine, also known within Ireland as the Great Hunger or simply the Famine and outside Ireland as the Irish Potato Famine, was a period of starvation and dis
RF2ME4TBW–James Abram Garfield (1831-1881) was elected the 20th President of the United States in 1880. He was constantly harassed by people seeking jobs and was shot by one on July 2, 1881. He died on September 19.
RF2ME4T4C–President Hayes and Cabinet. The figures represnted here are: President Hayes; J Sherman Sect of Treasury; R W Thompson Secty of Navy; C Devens Attorney Genl; Carl Schurz Secty of Interior; D M Key Postmaster Genl; Wm M Evarts Sect of State; geo W McCrary Sect of War. Rutherford Birchard Hayes was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 19th president of the United States from 1877 to 1881, after serving in the U.S. House of Representatives and as governor of Ohio.
RF2ME4RR8–The 1906 caption reads: “MEETING OF FLORA MACDONALD AND PRINCE CHARLIE STUART.—When the last Jacobite uprising, the 'Forty-Five,' had been crushed, its leader, 'Bonnie Prince Charlie,' had to flee for his life. his adventures read like the most exciting romance. Finally, a young lady, Miss Macdonald, was brought to his hiding-place, and, disguised as her servant, he escaped to France” in July of 1746. Flora MacDonald was a member of Clan Macdonald of Sleat, best known for helping Charles Edward Stuart evade government troops after the Battle of Culloden in April 1746
RF2ME4T8A–James Abram Garfield (1831-1881) was elected the 20th President of the United States in 1880. His inauguration is shown here. He was constantly harassed by people seeking jobs and was shot by one on July 2, 1881. He died on September 19
RF2M8M3R1–The 1906 caption reads: “CECIL RHODES TESTIFYING AT THE JAMESON INQUIRY.—The Jameson Raid occurred in 1895, when a band of Englishmen rode suddenly into the South African Republic, the Transvaal, and tried to raise a rebellion there. The English ruler of South Africa, Mr. Cecil Rhodes, and even the English Government itself, were accused of having planned the raid, and there was a Parliamentary inquiry, which many people have regarded as a mere ' whitewashing.' Cecil Rhodes is seated in the front of the picture; the Prince of Wales, as Edward VII, then was, is at the extreme left.”
RF2M8M3JD–The 1906 caption reads: “WEDDING OF EDWARD VII. TO THE PRINCESS ALEXANDRA.—This picture forms an interesting contrast to our others, which show the King and Queen as they appear to-day. This presents them as they appeared over forty years ago, when at Windsor, on March 10, 1863, they first pledged faith to each other.”
RF2M8M3JT–The 1906 caption reads: “DEATH OF KING THEODORE OF ABYSSINIA.—This illustrates one of the best known of the determined punitive expeditions by which Great Britain has avenged injustice or injury done to the least of her subjects, even in the most distant quarters of the globe. The King of Abyssinia in Africa, having slain two Englishmen and refused reparation, an army was sent against him under General Napier in 1867. The Abyssinians were defeated only after a desperate resistance; and as at last the resistless English troops stormed over the stone walls of his capital, King Theodore shot hims
RF2M8M3JM–The 1906 caption reads: “SIR ROBERT PEEL INTRODUCING THE FREE-TRADE LAWS.—England became a free-trade country in Victoria's reign. The scarcity of food due to the high import duties laid upon it, and especially on corn, led to famines and riots, until at last the corn duties, and ultimately all duties upon all sorts of foodstuffs, were withdrawn. The picture preserves the important and historic moment [January 27, 1846] when the Prime Minister presented to Parliament his outline of the 'corn laws' and thus pledged England to the principle of free trade.”
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