Medieval and modern times : an introduction to the history of western Europe form the dissolution of the Roman empire to the present time . ntinople isnow a Mohammedan city and the Sultan of Turkey is thenominal head of Islam. Long before the Turks captured Con-stantinople, however, the Arabs at the other end of the caliphsempire had succeeded in crossing the Strait of Gibraltar fromAfrica and possessing themselves of Spain. The kingdom of the West Goths was in no condition todefend itself when a few Arabs and a much larger number ofBerbers, inhabitants of northern Africa, ventured to invadeSp

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• Dimensions: 1286 x 1943 px | 21.8 x 32.9 cm | 8.6 x 13 inches | 150dpi

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Medieval and modern times : an introduction to the history of western Europe form the dissolution of the Roman empire to the present time . ntinople isnow a Mohammedan city and the Sultan of Turkey is thenominal head of Islam. Long before the Turks captured Con-stantinople, however, the Arabs at the other end of the caliphsempire had succeeded in crossing the Strait of Gibraltar fromAfrica and possessing themselves of Spain. The kingdom of the West Goths was in no condition todefend itself when a few Arabs and a much larger number ofBerbers, inhabitants of northern Africa, ventured to invadeSpain. Some of the Spanish towns held out for a time, but theinvaders found allies in the numerous Jews, who had been shame-fully treated by their Christian countrymen. As for the innumer-able serfs who worked on the great estates of the aristocracy, a change of landlords made very little difference to them. In 7 nthe Arabs and Berbers gained a great battle, and the peninsulawas gradually overrun by new immigrants from Africa. In seven years the Mohammedans were masters of almostthe whole region south of the Pyrenees. They then began to.