John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . Edinburgh Castle, as it was before the siege of 1573. iS72] Declining Years 351 extinct, the validity of parliamentary proceedings,in which one branch of the legislature was whollyunrepresented, might be subsequently challenged—so it was believed—by any party desirous ofeffecting an ecclesiastical counter-revolution. Ad-ditional considerations, public and private, in-duced the Government of the Regent, underMortons influence, to revive the office of bishopin the Reformed Church. The Kings partylooked forward to the union of the kingdomsunder J

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John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . Edinburgh Castle, as it was before the siege of 1573. iS72] Declining Years 351 extinct, the validity of parliamentary proceedings,in which one branch of the legislature was whollyunrepresented, might be subsequently challenged—so it was believed—by any party desirous ofeffecting an ecclesiastical counter-revolution. Ad-ditional considerations, public and private, in-duced the Government of the Regent, underMortons influence, to revive the office of bishopin the Reformed Church. The Kings partylooked forward to the union of the kingdomsunder J Stock Photo

John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . Edinburgh Castle, as it was before the siege of 1573. iS72] Declining Years 351 extinct, the validity of parliamentary proceedings,in which one branch of the legislature was whollyunrepresented, might be subsequently challenged—so it was believed—by any party desirous ofeffecting an ecclesiastical counter-revolution. Ad-ditional considerations, public and private, in-duced the Government of the Regent, underMortons influence, to revive the office of bishopin the Reformed Church. The Kings partylooked forward to the union of the kingdomsunder J Stock Photo

John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . Edinburgh Castle, as it was before the siege of 1573. iS72] Declining Years 351 extinct, the validity of parliamentary proceedings,in which one branch of the legislature was whollyunrepresented, might be subsequently challenged—so it was believed—by any party desirous ofeffecting an ecclesiastical counter-revolution. Ad-ditional considerations, public and private, in-duced the Government of the Regent, underMortons influence, to revive the office of bishopin the Reformed Church. The Kings partylooked forward to the union of the kingdomsunder J

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John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . Edinburgh Castle, as it was before the siege of 1573. iS72] Declining Years 351 extinct, the validity of parliamentary proceedings,in which one branch of the legislature was whollyunrepresented, might be subsequently challenged—so it was believed—by any party desirous ofeffecting an ecclesiastical counter-revolution. Ad-ditional considerations, public and private, in-duced the Government of the Regent, underMortons influence, to revive the office of bishopin the Reformed Church. The Kings partylooked forward to the union of the kingdomsunder James, at Elizabeths death: and it wasconsidered prudent to bring the Scottish Church,by anticipation, into conformity so far with theChurch of England.1 The Government, further,lacked the money required to maintain its posi-tion effectively against the Queens party, whichreceived financial support from France. Toannex for secular purposes the entire episcopalrevenues would have provoked the combined op-position of the Church party and of the

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John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . * ^ ^. - Stock Photo

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John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . JOANNES CNOXVS.johnknoxheroofsc00cowauoft - Stock Photo

John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . JOANNES CNOXVS.johnknoxheroofsc00cowauoft

John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . that of their political rivals. The ReformedChurch was wounded in the house of her pro-fessed friends. Knox complains of unworthymen who had been thrust [by patronage] into theministry of the Kirk, and of merciless devourersof her patrimony. He describes both factions as fighting against God, and declares that his ownpolitical party as little repented the troublingand oppressing the poor Kirk of God as ever they[their adversaries] did. For if, he continues, they can have the Kirk lands annexed to theirhouses, they appear to take no more care o - Stock Photo

John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . that of their political rivals. The ReformedChurch was wounded in the house of her pro-fessed friends. Knox complains of unworthymen who had been thrust [by patronage] into theministry of the Kirk, and of merciless devourersof her patrimony. He describes both factions as fighting against God, and declares that his ownpolitical party as little repented the troublingand oppressing the poor Kirk of God as ever they[their adversaries] did. For if, he continues, they can have the Kirk lands annexed to theirhouses, they appear to take no more care o

John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . y; and also to de-fend the Prince against those that would do himinjury. It was the prelude to the intended de-position of the mother, and acknowledgment ofthe son as king. Thus the Church supported thepoliticians; the politicians also undertook to sup-port the Church. The signatories engaged, inthe first Parliament that shall be holden, toratify and complete the establishment of theReformed Kirk; to make more adequate provi-sion for the ministry; and to root out allremaining monuments of idolatry. l While the General Assembly was still in ses - Stock Photo

John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . y; and also to de-fend the Prince against those that would do himinjury. It was the prelude to the intended de-position of the mother, and acknowledgment ofthe son as king. Thus the Church supported thepoliticians; the politicians also undertook to sup-port the Church. The signatories engaged, inthe first Parliament that shall be holden, toratify and complete the establishment of theReformed Kirk; to make more adequate provi-sion for the ministry; and to root out allremaining monuments of idolatry. l While the General Assembly was still in ses

John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . s. ? The prosperity of the Protestant communityat Dieppe continued after Knoxs departure. Ata celebration of the Holy Communion, a monthafter the Reformer had left the town, betweensix and eight hundred persons took part, includingthe Governor of the Castle and some of theleading inhabitants. Ere long two congregationswere established; one of these being in the RuedEcosse. Knox kept up, through correspond-ence, his connection with the church which, at acritical time, had been so deeply indebted to building would be at the disposal of Protestan - Stock Photo

John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . s. ? The prosperity of the Protestant communityat Dieppe continued after Knoxs departure. Ata celebration of the Holy Communion, a monthafter the Reformer had left the town, betweensix and eight hundred persons took part, includingthe Governor of the Castle and some of theleading inhabitants. Ere long two congregationswere established; one of these being in the RuedEcosse. Knox kept up, through correspond-ence, his connection with the church which, at acritical time, had been so deeply indebted to building would be at the disposal of Protestan

John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . roughout life that he found in his newsphere not a haven of rest, but a sea of troubles.Frankfort became the scene of a contention whichpresented a forecast in miniature of the conflictbetween Puritanism and Anglicanism. The Eng-lish congregation, with mingled generosity andself-importance, had written to other refugeecommunities, informing them of the privilegeswhich they enjoyed, and inviting exiles to jointhem. Negotiations commenced with the Eng-lish at Zurich; but a service-book which Knoxand his friends had drawn up for congregationaluse - Stock Photo

John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . roughout life that he found in his newsphere not a haven of rest, but a sea of troubles.Frankfort became the scene of a contention whichpresented a forecast in miniature of the conflictbetween Puritanism and Anglicanism. The Eng-lish congregation, with mingled generosity andself-importance, had written to other refugeecommunities, informing them of the privilegeswhich they enjoyed, and inviting exiles to jointhem. Negotiations commenced with the Eng-lish at Zurich; but a service-book which Knoxand his friends had drawn up for congregationaluse

John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . no member of Assembly ex-pected the Queen herself to renounce the mass;but it was regarded as important at this junctureto remind both Court and nation that the rite wasillegal; and to the Assemblys testimony may,perhaps, be attributed the withdrawal of Darnleyfrom the chapel, after his marriage, when masswas about to be celebrated. Three weeks later,with a view, presumably, to propitiate Protestants,yet without renouncing Romanism, the youngKing attended service in St. Giles. Knoxs ser-mon did not tempt him to return. He heardhis own and the - Stock Photo

John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . no member of Assembly ex-pected the Queen herself to renounce the mass;but it was regarded as important at this junctureto remind both Court and nation that the rite wasillegal; and to the Assemblys testimony may,perhaps, be attributed the withdrawal of Darnleyfrom the chapel, after his marriage, when masswas about to be celebrated. Three weeks later,with a view, presumably, to propitiate Protestants,yet without renouncing Romanism, the youngKing attended service in St. Giles. Knoxs ser-mon did not tempt him to return. He heardhis own and the

John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . l and ecclesi-astical considerations, he had probably by thistime discerned Darnleys overbearing charac-ter and his unfitness for the position of royalConsort.1 Maitland, more cautious, endeavouredto persuade the Queen to make no haste in thematter. 2 But Mary had resolved to set per-sonal before political considerations. By thistime, moreover, the influence of David Rizzio,her private secretary, superseded that of formercounsellors; and Rizzio warmly espoused thecause of the man who afterwards became hisassassin. A convention of the Scottish - Stock Photo

John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . l and ecclesi-astical considerations, he had probably by thistime discerned Darnleys overbearing charac-ter and his unfitness for the position of royalConsort.1 Maitland, more cautious, endeavouredto persuade the Queen to make no haste in thematter. 2 But Mary had resolved to set per-sonal before political considerations. By thistime, moreover, the influence of David Rizzio,her private secretary, superseded that of formercounsellors; and Rizzio warmly espoused thecause of the man who afterwards became hisassassin. A convention of the Scottish

John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . s or a tacit repudiationof the superstitious observances connected withthe celebration. Knox was the first, apparently,in Scotland to introduce the public celebration ofthe Sacrament (probably in the Castle chapel)according to a Reformed ritual and without anyacknowledgment of transubstantiation. The Pro-testant movement began thus to be transformedinto the establishment of a Reformed Church.2 1 Knox, H. of R., i., 192-201. Knox himself is our soleauthority for the incidents above described; but we maypresume he would be particularly careful t - Stock Photo

John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . s or a tacit repudiationof the superstitious observances connected withthe celebration. Knox was the first, apparently,in Scotland to introduce the public celebration ofthe Sacrament (probably in the Castle chapel)according to a Reformed ritual and without anyacknowledgment of transubstantiation. The Pro-testant movement began thus to be transformedinto the establishment of a Reformed Church.2 1 Knox, H. of R., i., 192-201. Knox himself is our soleauthority for the incidents above described; but we maypresume he would be particularly careful t

John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . r, was not cited as an ecclesiasti-cal offender, but to give his confession why heaffirmed the mass to be idolatry, and a largecongregation assembled in the Church of St.Nicholas at Newcastle to hear his address. TheBishop had furnished the preacher with anopportunity of effectively propagating his viewson a burning question of the time.2 In the FirstPrayer-book of Edward VI., the elevation andadoration of the host were significantly discon-tinued. Accordingly, when Knox declared thatthe mass, as celebrated by Romanists, was idola- 1 Burnet, H - Stock Photo

John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . r, was not cited as an ecclesiasti-cal offender, but to give his confession why heaffirmed the mass to be idolatry, and a largecongregation assembled in the Church of St.Nicholas at Newcastle to hear his address. TheBishop had furnished the preacher with anopportunity of effectively propagating his viewson a burning question of the time.2 In the FirstPrayer-book of Edward VI., the elevation andadoration of the host were significantly discon-tinued. Accordingly, when Knox declared thatthe mass, as celebrated by Romanists, was idola- 1 Burnet, H

John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . nd took with thame bayth the Quenis, the Mother and theDowghter, and threatned the depositioun of the said Governour, as in-obedient to thare Haly Mother the Kirk, (so terme thei that harlott ofBabilon, Rome.) The inconstant man, not throwgtlie grounded upounGod, left in his awin default destitut of all good counsall, and having thewicked ever blawing in his earis, what will ye do! Ye will destroyyourself and your house for ever: -The unhappy man, (we say) beatenwith these tentations, randered himself to the appetites of the wicked;for he qwye - Stock Photo

John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . nd took with thame bayth the Quenis, the Mother and theDowghter, and threatned the depositioun of the said Governour, as in-obedient to thare Haly Mother the Kirk, (so terme thei that harlott ofBabilon, Rome.) The inconstant man, not throwgtlie grounded upounGod, left in his awin default destitut of all good counsall, and having thewicked ever blawing in his earis, what will ye do! Ye will destroyyourself and your house for ever: -The unhappy man, (we say) beatenwith these tentations, randered himself to the appetites of the wicked;for he qwye

John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . e unto your Majestie my full declaration tueching thatwork: experience since hath schawen that I am not desirus of innovations,so that Christ Jesus be not in his membres openlie troden under the feittof the ungodlie. With farther purgation I will not truble your Majestiefor the present, beseching the Eternall so to assist your Highnes in alleffares that in his sight ye may be found acceptable, your regiment profit-able to the commenwealht, and your factes to be such that justlie theimay be prased of all godlie unto the cuming of our Lord Jesus - Stock Photo

John Knox : the hero of the Scottish Reformation . e unto your Majestie my full declaration tueching thatwork: experience since hath schawen that I am not desirus of innovations,so that Christ Jesus be not in his membres openlie troden under the feittof the ungodlie. With farther purgation I will not truble your Majestiefor the present, beseching the Eternall so to assist your Highnes in alleffares that in his sight ye may be found acceptable, your regiment profit-able to the commenwealht, and your factes to be such that justlie theimay be prased of all godlie unto the cuming of our Lord Jesus