. Architecture for general students. ained windows of theclere-story no longer fell on the pavement below,but was dissipated in the upper air. Thence awarm glowing twilight prevailed below, heighteningthe solemn grandeur produced by the wonderfulcombination of vastness, height, unity, and over-whelming variety. During the fourteenth century,France had neither time nor money to devote to art,as the long and frequently unsuccessful struggleswith England exhausted all her energies. In thefifteenth, however, the country became more pros-perous ; the arts revived ; many new churches wereerected, an

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. Architecture for general students. ained windows of theclere-story no longer fell on the pavement below, but was dissipated in the upper air. Thence awarm glowing twilight prevailed below, heighteningthe solemn grandeur produced by the wonderfulcombination of vastness, height, unity, and over-whelming variety. During the fourteenth century, France had neither time nor money to devote to art, as the long and frequently unsuccessful struggleswith England exhausted all her energies. In thefifteenth, however, the country became more pros-perous ; the arts revived ; many new churches wereerected, and many old ones repaired and re-modeled. Florid Gothic. — But the architects were not con-tent to follow the beautiful models of a former gen-eration. The desire fornovelty and change mustbe satisfied, even at thesacrifice of beauty. Thedecorations which, howeverrich and varied, had beforebeen kept within the boundsof true aesthetic require-Fiowing Tracery. mcuts, becamc cxtravagaut, whimsical, and capricious. Gables, windows, and. Gothic Architecture. 173 arches were overburdened with ornament. Thesimple geometric forms were exchanged for flame-hke curves, especially in the window cusps; thearches, also, lost their simple lines, curving out-wardly in some parts, while depressed in others, andso slender as to forbid the idea of firm support;fanciful tracery covered the exterior; the harmonyof the early style had departed, and this combina-tion of exaggerated fancies, which had taken itsplace, was known as the Flamboyant. Gothic at Rouen. — Perhaps no city in Francegives a better opportunity for comparing the twostyles than Rouen. In the Cathedral and Churchof St. Maclou, everywhere loaded with sculptureand ornament, we find examples of the vicious tasteof the fifteenth century; while St. Ouen is one ofthe most perfect Gothic churches in existence. Itis peculiarly remarkable for the arrangement of theshafts composing the piers — the front ones runningup to the roof, withou