. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. 204 KKPOKT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1900. straightens up the loose shaft. This brings all taut for the stroke. As soon as the game is struck the shaft is pulled to one side b}' the movenuMits of the animal, the loose shaft comes out of its socket and detaches itself from the toggle head. This enables the hunter to pull awa}' his shaft easily and instantly. Foresiiaff.—The foreshaft of a harpoon is the working end of the shaft, and is usually ;i
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. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. 204 KKPOKT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1900. straightens up the loose shaft. This brings all taut for the stroke. As soon as the game is struck the shaft is pulled to one side b}' the movenuMits of the animal, the loose shaft comes out of its socket and detaches itself from the toggle head. This enables the hunter to pull awa}' his shaft easily and instantly. Foresiiaff.—The foreshaft of a harpoon is the working end of the shaft, and is usually ;i 1>lock of l)one or ivor}^ neatly fitted on. Fore- shafts var}^ in material, being of antler, bone, ivory, or metal; in size and shape, from the delicate front of the sea-otter harpoon to the chmisy variety on the Greenland whaling harpoon; in the mode of attachment to the shaft, in the socket, and lashing for the loose shaft (see Plates 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, and 18). Shaft.—The shaft of the har- poon is of wood; in treeless areas, of driftwood, but in the north Pa- cific it is a long, slender pole of cedar. For the purpose of studj'^, shafts have to be considered in relation to materials, shapes, and sizes; to hand stops or rests for thrusting; to line pegs, throwing stick pegs, assembling line, etc. For catching sea-otter the dart shaft is half an inch in diameter and -1 feet long, while some of the clumsy Greenland examples are 2 or 3 inches in diameter, and the east Greenland deep-water variety and sled variety for killing on the ice at a distance have shafts manj^ feet in length, requiring two men to work them. The shaft has the double function of stabbing and retrieving. For the former (1) it may be thrust at the victim, in which case, in order to give a firmer grasp, a projecting piece of wood or bone or ivory is fastened near the center of gravity to stop the hand. Near this is frequently found a peg, over which is hooked the line to hold the head firmly on to the l