An academic physiology and hygiene .. . ies ofthe leg bones united form a mortise, and into it receiveone of the bones of the ankle, thus forming the ankle-joint. Strong ligaments here again bind the bonestogether. The movements of this joint are not so freeas those of the wrist. The joint is peculiarly liable tosprains from rough twistings intensified by the weightof the body. 9. The foot contains nineteen bones, viz., the five meta-tarsal bones (Gr. meta, beyond; and tarsus, ankle) or THE OSSEOUS SYSTEM. 33 bones of the instep, and the fourteen phalanges in the toes. The bones of the instep

An academic physiology and hygiene .. . ies ofthe leg bones united form a mortise, and into it receiveone of the bones of the ankle, thus forming the ankle-joint. Strong ligaments here again bind the bonestogether. The movements of this joint are not so freeas those of the wrist. The joint is peculiarly liable tosprains from rough twistings intensified by the weightof the body. 9. The foot contains nineteen bones, viz., the five meta-tarsal bones (Gr. meta, beyond; and tarsus, ankle) or THE OSSEOUS SYSTEM. 33 bones of the instep, and the fourteen phalanges in the toes. The bones of the instep Stock Photo
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An academic physiology and hygiene .. . ies ofthe leg bones united form a mortise, and into it receiveone of the bones of the ankle, thus forming the ankle-joint. Strong ligaments here again bind the bonestogether. The movements of this joint are not so freeas those of the wrist. The joint is peculiarly liable tosprains from rough twistings intensified by the weightof the body. 9. The foot contains nineteen bones, viz., the five meta-tarsal bones (Gr. meta, beyond; and tarsus, ankle) or THE OSSEOUS SYSTEM. 33 bones of the instep, and the fourteen phalanges in the toes. The bones of the instep of the foot are similar tothose of the palm of the hand, and are connected with thebones of the toes. The number of bones in the toes isthe same as in the fingers and thumb, the great toe repre-senting the thumb. All these bones are fastened togetherby ligaments. If the foot and the hand are varieties of the same typeof organization, they present differences in regard to theirrespective uses ; the foot, designed to support the body, is. 4 3 3 52 Fig. 14. EXPLANATION.These three plans show how the two bones of the leg are united above the ankle-joint.*> 2» 3> 4> 5> 7> 7> &i rnark the ligaments winch bind them firmly. especially remarkable for its solidity ; in the hand, mobil-ity is the predominating quality. The toes have neitherthe length of the fingers nor the extent and variety oftheir movements ; in a word, it is a foot, and not a handit is in the quadrumana. Its arched form gives greatstrength combined with elasticity. 10. Joints and Ligaments. — A joint is the union of two or 34 ACADEMIC PHYSIOLOGY. more bones with each other, and may be either movableor immovable. The latter class are few in number, andwill be noticed later. The movable joints receive differ-ent names according to their characteristics, viz., ball-and-socket joint, hinge joint, pivot joint, mixed joint, andsliding joint,